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Lucke-Wold BP, Naser ZJ, Logsdon AF, Turner RC, Smith KE, Robson MJ, Bailes JE, Lee JM, Rosen CL, Huber JD. Amelioration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase mediated stress reduces cell death after blast-induced traumatic brain injury. Transl Res 2015; 166:509-528.e1. [PMID: 26414010 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 1.7 million traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur each year in the United States, but available pharmacologic options for the treatment of acute neurotrauma are limited. Oxidative stress is an important secondary mechanism of injury that can lead to neuronal apoptosis and subsequent behavioral changes. Using a clinically relevant and validated rodent blast model, we investigated how nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) expression and associated oxidative stress contribute to cellular apoptosis after single and repeat blast injuries. Nox4 forms a complex with p22phox after injury, forming free radicals at neuronal membranes. Using immunohistochemical-staining methods, we found a visible increase in Nox4 after single blast injury in Sprague Dawley rats. Interestingly, Nox4 was also increased in postmortem human samples obtained from athletes diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Nox4 activity correlated with an increase in superoxide formation. Alpha-lipoic acid, an oxidative stress inhibitor, prevented the development of superoxide acutely and increased antiapoptotic markers B-cell lymphoma 2 (t = 3.079, P < 0.05) and heme oxygenase 1 (t = 8.169, P < 0.001) after single blast. Subacutely, alpha-lipoic acid treatment reduced proapoptotic markers Bax (t = 4.483, P < 0.05), caspase 12 (t = 6.157, P < 0.001), and caspase 3 (t = 4.573, P < 0.01) after repetitive blast, and reduced tau hyperphosphorylation indicated by decreased CP-13 and paired helical filament staining. Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorated impulsive-like behavior 7 days after repetitive blast injury (t = 3.573, P < 0.05) compared with blast exposed animals without treatment. TBI can cause debilitating symptoms and psychiatric disorders. Oxidative stress is an ideal target for neuropharmacologic intervention, and alpha-lipoic acid warrants further investigation as a therapeutic for prevention of chronic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Zachary J Naser
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa; Department of Medicine, Professional Studies in Health Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Ryan C Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Kelly E Smith
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WVa; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Julian E Bailes
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Ill
| | - John M Lee
- Department of Pathology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Ill
| | - Charles L Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Jason D Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WVa; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WVa.
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Abdul-Muneer PM, Schuetz H, Wang F, Skotak M, Jones J, Gorantla S, Zimmerman MC, Chandra N, Haorah J. Induction of oxidative and nitrosative damage leads to cerebrovascular inflammation in an animal model of mild traumatic brain injury induced by primary blast. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:282-91. [PMID: 23466554 PMCID: PMC4007171 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the hypothesis that oxidative damage of the cerebral vascular barrier interface (the blood-brain barrier, BBB) causes the development of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) during a primary blast-wave spectrum. The underlying biochemical and cellular mechanisms of this vascular layer-structure injury are examined in a novel animal model of shock tube. We first established that low-frequency (123kPa) single or repeated shock wave causes BBB/brain injury through biochemical activation by an acute mechanical force that occurs 6-24h after the exposure. This biochemical damage of the cerebral vasculature is initiated by the induction of the free radical-generating enzymes NADPH oxidase 1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Induction of these enzymes by shock-wave exposure paralleled the signatures of oxidative and nitrosative damage (4-HNE/3-NT) and reduction of the BBB tight-junction (TJ) proteins occludin, claudin-5, and zonula occluden 1 in the brain microvessels. In parallel with TJ protein disruption, the perivascular unit was significantly diminished by single or repeated shock-wave exposure coinciding with the kinetic profile. Loosening of the vasculature and perivascular unit was mediated by oxidative stress-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinases and fluid channel aquaporin-4, promoting vascular fluid cavitation/edema, enhanced leakiness of the BBB, and progression of neuroinflammation. The BBB leakiness and neuroinflammation were functionally demonstrated in an in vivo model by enhanced permeativity of Evans blue and sodium fluorescein low-molecular-weight tracers and the infiltration of immune cells across the BBB. The detection of brain cell proteins neuron-specific enolase and S100β in the blood samples validated the neuroastroglial injury in shock-wave TBI. Our hypothesis that cerebral vascular injury occurs before the development of neurological disorders in mild TBI was further confirmed by the activation of caspase-3 and cell apoptosis mostly around the perivascular region. Thus, induction of oxidative stress and activation of matrix metalloproteinases by shock wave underlie the mechanisms of cerebral vascular BBB leakage and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Abdul-Muneer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Heather Schuetz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Maciej Skotak
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Joselyn Jones
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Matthew C. Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Namas Chandra
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - James Haorah
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Corresponding author: James Haorah, Laboratory of Neurovascular Oxidative Injury, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198. Phone: 001-402-559-5406, Fax: 001-402-559-8922,
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