1
|
Cheng Y, Li R, Lin Z, Chen F, Dai J, Zhu Z, Chen L, Zhao Y. Structure-activity relationship analysis of dammarane-type natural products as muscle-type creatine kinase activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127364. [PMID: 32738969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscle-type creatine kinase (CK-MM) is the target protein of ginsenosides in skeletal muscle. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol [20(S)-PPD] is an activator of CK-MM and exerts an anti-fatigue effect. In this study, twelve dammarane-type compounds were used for structure-activity relationship analysis in terms of enzyme activity, intermolecular interaction, and molecular docking. Enzyme activity analysis showed that 20(S)-PPD, 20(R)-PPD, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol [20(S)-PPT], 25-OH-PPD, 24-COOH-PPD, panaxadiol (PD), and ginsenoside Rh2 significantly increased CK-MM activity. Panaxatriol (PT), ocotillol, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Rd had no significant influence on CK-MM activity, while jujubogenin inhibited its activity. Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) assay produced the same results as those on enzyme activity. The interaction intensity between dammarane-type compounds and CK-MM was linearly related to the compounds' maximum increment rate of enzyme activity. Molecular docking showed the following sequence of docking scores: Rd > Rg1 > Rh2 > 24-COOH-PPD > 20(S)-PPD > 20(S)-PPT > 25-OH-PPD > 20(R)-PPD > ocotillol > PT > PD > jujubogenin. We demonstrated that 20(S)-PPD was the best activator of CK-MM among the 12 dammarane-type compounds. The cyclization of the dammarane side chain, the hydroxyl group at position C6, and the glycosylation of C3, C6, and C20 reduced the ability to activate CK-MM. These findings can help in the development of enhanced CK-MM activators through structural modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ruimei Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Feiyan Chen
- Research and Innovation Center, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jianguo Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Péré-Brissaud A, Blanchet X, Delourme D, Pélissier P, Forestier L, Delavaud A, Duprat N, Picard B, Maftah A, Brémaud L. Expression of SERPINA3s in cattle: focus on bovSERPINA3-7 reveals specific involvement in skeletal muscle. Open Biol 2016; 5:150071. [PMID: 26562931 PMCID: PMC4593666 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
α₁-Antichymotrypsin is encoded by the unique SERPINA3 gene in humans, while it is encoded by a cluster of eight closely related genes in cattle. BovSERPINA3 proteins present a high degree of similarity and significant divergences in the reactive centre loop (RCL) domains which are responsible for the antiprotease activity. In this study, we analysed their expression patterns in a range of cattle tissues. Even if their expression is ubiquitous, we showed that the expression levels of each serpin vary in different tissues of 15-month-old Charolais bulls. Our results led us to focus on bovSERPINA3-7, one of the two most divergent members of the bovSERPINA3 family. Expression analyses showed that bovSERPINA3-7 protein presents different tissue-specific patterns with diverse degrees of N-glycosylation. Using a specific antibody raised against bovSERPINA3-7, Western blot analysis revealed a specific 96 kDa band in skeletal muscle. BovSERPINA3-7 immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed that this 96 kDa band corresponds to a complex of bovSERPINA3-7 and creatine kinase M-type. Finally, we reported that the bovSERPINA3-7 protein is present in slow-twitch skeletal myofibres. Precisely, bovSERPINA3-7 specifically colocalized with myomesin at the M-band region of sarcomeres where it could interact with other components such as creatine kinase M-type. This study opens new prospects on the bovSERPINA3-7 function in skeletal muscle and promotes opportunities for further understanding of the physiological role(s) of serpins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- INRA, Université de Limoges, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, Limoges, France
| | - Didier Delourme
- INRA, Université de Limoges, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Pélissier
- INRA, Université de Limoges, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, Limoges, France
| | - Lionel Forestier
- INRA, Université de Limoges, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, Limoges, France
| | - Arnaud Delavaud
- UMR1213 Herbivores, UMRH-AMUVI, INRA de Clermont Ferrand Theix, St Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Nathalie Duprat
- INRA, Université de Limoges, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, Limoges, France
| | - Brigitte Picard
- UMR1213 Herbivores, UMRH-AMUVI, INRA de Clermont Ferrand Theix, St Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Abderrahman Maftah
- INRA, Université de Limoges, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, Limoges, France
| | - Laure Brémaud
- INRA, Université de Limoges, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, Limoges, France
- e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu CL, Li YH, Lin HC, Yeh YH, Yan HY, Hsiao CD, Hui CF, Wu JL. Activity and function of rabbit muscle-specific creatine kinase at low temperature by mutation at gly268 to asn268. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 158:189-98. [PMID: 21130895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carp muscle-specific creatine kinase M1 isoenzyme (M1-CK) seems to have evolved to adapt to synchronized changes in body temperature and intracellular pH. When gly(268) in rabbit muscle-specific creatine kinase was substituted with asn(268) as found in carp M1-CK, the rabbit muscle-specific CK G286N mutant specific activity at pH 8.0 and 10°C was more than 2-fold higher than that in the wild-type rabbit enzyme. Kinetic studies showed that K(m) values of the rabbit CK G268N mutant were similar to those of the wild-type rabbit enzyme, yet circular dichroism spectra showed that the overall secondary structures of the mutant enzyme, at pH 8.0 and 5°C, were almost identical to the carp M1-CK enzyme. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the mutant enzyme crystal revealed that amino acid residues involved in substrate binding are closer to one another than in the rabbit enzyme, and the cysteine283 active site of the mutant enzyme points away from the ADP binding site. At pH 7.4-8.0 and 35-10°C, with a smaller substrate, dADP, specific activities of the mutant enzyme were consistently higher than the wild-type rabbit enzyme and more similar to the carp M1-CK enzyme. Thus, the smaller active site of the RM-CK G268N mutant may be one of the reasons for its improved activity at low temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lu Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is an important signaling molecule in the heart, but its targets remain unclear. Using a PKC substrate antibody, we detected a 40-kDa phosphorylated cardiac protein that was subsequently identified by tandem mass spectroscopy as muscle creatine kinase (M-CK) with phosphorylation at serine 128. The forward reaction using ATP to generate phosphocreatine was reduced, while the reverse reaction using phosphocreatine to generate ATP was increased following dephosphorylation of immunoprecipitated M-CK with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) or PP2C. Despite higher PKC levels in diabetic hearts, decreased phosphorylation of M-CK was more prominent than the reduction in its expression. Changes in CK activity in diabetic hearts were similar to those found following dephosphorylation of M-CK from control hearts. The decrease in phosphorylation may act as a compensatory mechanism to maintain CK activity at an appropriate level for cytosolic ATP regeneration in the diabetic heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Wang X, Shi W, Wang K, Ma H. Detection of local polarity and conformational changes at the active site of rabbit muscle creatine kinase with a new arginine-specific fluorescent probe. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1784:415-22. [PMID: 18082150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe, 3-(4-chloro-6-p-glyoxal-phenoxy-1,3,5-triazinylamino)-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenazine (CGTDP), is synthesized for selective labeling of active-site arginine residues. The probe comprises a neutral red moiety as a polarity-sensitive fluorophore and a phenylglyoxal unit as an arginine-specific labeling group. The probe exhibits a sensitive response of shift of fluorescence maximum emission wavelength to solvent polarity only instead of pH or temperature, which leads to the use of the probe in detecting the local polarity and conformational changes of the active site of rabbit muscle creatine kinase (CK) denatured by pH or temperature. The polarity of the active site domain has been first found to correspond to a dielectric constant of about 44, and the conformational change of the active site directly revealed by CGTDP occurs far before that of CK as a whole disclosed by the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence during acid or thermal denaturation. The present strategy may provide a useful method to detect the local polarity and conformational changes of the active sites of many enzymes that employ arginine residues as anion recognition sites under different denaturation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ohren JF, Kundracik ML, Borders CL, Edmiston P, Viola RE. Structural asymmetry and intersubunit communication in muscle creatine kinase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2007; 63:381-9. [PMID: 17327675 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444906056204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a transition-state analog complex of a highly soluble mutant (R134K) of rabbit muscle creatine kinase (rmCK) has been determined to 1.65 A resolution in order to elucidate the structural changes that are required to support and regulate catalysis. Significant structural asymmetry is seen within the functional homodimer of rmCK, with one monomer found in a closed conformation with the active site occupied by the transition-state analog components creatine, MgADP and nitrate. The other monomer has the two loops that control access to the active site in an open conformation and only MgADP is bound. The N-terminal region of each monomer makes a substantial contribution to the dimer interface; however, the conformation of this region is dramatically different in each subunit. Based on this structural evidence, two mutational modifications of rmCK were conducted in order to better understand the role of the amino-terminus in controlling creatine kinase activity. The deletion of the first 15 residues of rmCK and a single point mutant (P20G) both disrupt subunit cohesion, causing the dissociation of the functional homodimer into monomers with reduced catalytic activity. This study provides support for a structural role for the amino-terminus in subunit association and a mechanistic role in active-site communication and catalytic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey F Ohren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Awama AM, Mazon H, Vial C, Marcillat O. Despite its high similarity with monomeric arginine kinase, muscle creatine kinase is only enzymatically active as a dimer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 458:158-66. [PMID: 17239811 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although having highly similar primary to tertiary structures, the different guanidino kinases exhibit distinct quaternary structures: monomer, dimer or octamer. However, no evidence for communication between subunits has yet been provided, and reasons for these different levels of quaternary complexity that can be observed from invertebrate to mammalian guanidino kinases remain elusive. Muscle creatine kinase is a dimer and disruption of the interface between subunits has been shown to give rise to destabilized monomers with slight residual activity; this low activity could, however, be due to a fraction of protein molecules present as dimer. CK monomer/monomer interface involves electrostatic interactions and increasing salt concentrations unfold and inactivate this enzyme. NaCl and guanidine hydrochloride show a synergistic unfolding effect and, whatever the respective concentrations of these compounds, inactivation is associated with a dissociation of the dimer. Using an interface mutant (W210Y), protein concentration dependence of the NaCl-induced unfolding profile indicates that the active dimer is in equilibrium with an inactive monomeric state. Although highly similar to muscle CK, horse shoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) arginine kinase (AK) is enzymatically active as a monomer. Indeed, high ionic strengths that can monomerize and inactivate CK, have no effect on AK enzymatic activity or on its structure as judged from intrinsic fluorescence data. Our results indicate that expression of muscle creatine kinase catalytic activity is dependent on its dimeric state which is required for a proper stabilization of the monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Awama
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5013 Bâtiment Chevreul, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
He HW, Feng S, Pang M, Zhou HM, Yan YB. Role of the linker between the N- and C-terminal domains in the stability and folding of rabbit muscle creatine kinase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39:1816-27. [PMID: 17616428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Domain-domain interactions may be very important to the structure and functions of many multidomain proteins. However, little is known about the role of the linker in the folding, stability and function of multidomain proteins. In this research, muscle creatine kinase (CK), a dimeric two-domain protein, was used as a model protein to investigate the role of the linker in CK activity, stability and folding by mutational analysis. Two of the three mutations, L115D and L121D, resulted in a gradual decrease in CK activity and secondary structures, but did not affect CK inactivation induced by heat or guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl). The mutations also caused much more serious aggregation during heat- and GdnHCl-induced denaturation and refolding from the GdnHCl-denatured state. More importantly, none of the three mutants could successfully recover their activities by dilution-initiated refolding, and the rate constant of CK refolding was gradually decreased by the mutations. These results suggested that mutations of the hydrophobic residues in the linker might affect the correct positioning of the domains and thus disrupt the efficient recognition and interactions between the two domains. The results herein indicated that in addition to its role in the in vivo functions, the linker also played a crucial role in the stability and folding of CK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministiry of Education, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng S, Zhao TJ, Zhou HM, Yan YB. Effects of the single point genetic mutation D54G on muscle creatine kinase activity, structure and stability. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39:392-401. [PMID: 17030001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant folding of important proteins caused by genetic mutations is closely correlated to many diseases. Due to the important physiological role in excitable cells, the activity and level of creatine kinase (CK) play a crucial role in maintaining body functions. Muscle CK deficiency disease was identified by an unusual CK activity decrease in an acute myocardial infarction patient caused by the single point mutation D54G. In this research, it was found that the D54G mutant had substantially decreased activity, substrate binding affinity and stability. Spectroscopic experiments indicated that the mutation impaired the structure of CK, which resulted in a partially unfolded state with more hydrophobic exposure and exposed Trp residues. The inability to fold to the functional compact state made the mutant be prone to aggregate upon microenvironmental stresses, and might gradually decrease the CK level of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Du F, Zhou Z, Mo ZY, Shi JZ, Chen J, Liang Y. Mixed Macromolecular Crowding Accelerates the Refolding of Rabbit Muscle Creatine Kinase: Implications for Protein Folding in Physiological Environments. J Mol Biol 2006; 364:469-82. [PMID: 17027032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of four single macromolecular crowding agents, Ficoll 70, dextran 70, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000, and calf thymus DNA (CT DNA), and three mixed crowding agents containing both CT DNA and polysaccharide (or PEG 2000) on the refolding of guanidine hydrochloride-denatured rabbit muscle creatine kinase (MM-CK) have been examined by activity assay. When the total concentration of the mixed crowding agent is 100 g/l, in which the weight ratio of CT DNA to Ficoll 70 is 1:9, the refolding yield of MM-CK after refolding for 3 h under these conditions increases 23% compared with that in the presence of 10 g/l CT DNA, 18% compared with 100 g/l Ficoll 70, and 19% compared with that in the absence of crowding agents. A remarkable increase in the refolding yield of MM-CK by a mixed crowding agent containing CT DNA and dextran 70 (or PEG 2000) is also observed. Further folding kinetics analyses show that these three mixed crowding agents remarkably accelerate the refolding of MM-CK, compared with single crowding agents. Aggregation of MM-CK in the presence of any of the three mixed crowding agents is less serious than that in the presence of a single crowding agent at the same concentration but more serious than that in the absence of crowding agents. Both the refolding yield and the refolding rate of MM-CK in mixtures of these agents are increased relative to the individual agents by themselves, indicating that mixed macromolecular crowding agents are more favorable to MM-CK folding and can be used to reflect the physiological environment more accurately than single crowding agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang PF, Flynn AJ, Naor MM, Jensen JH, Cui G, Merz KM, Kenyon GL, McLeish MJ. Exploring the role of the active site cysteine in human muscle creatine kinase. Biochemistry 2006; 45:11464-72. [PMID: 16981706 PMCID: PMC2556515 DOI: 10.1021/bi0607002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
All known guanidino kinases contain a conserved cysteine residue that interacts with the non-nucleophilic eta1-nitrogen of the guanidino substrate. Site-directed mutagenesis studies have shown that this cysteine is important, but not essential for activity. In human muscle creatine kinase (HMCK) this residue, Cys283, forms part of a conserved cysteine-proline-serine (CPS) motif and has a pKa about 3 pH units below that of a regular cysteine residue. Here we employ a computational approach to predict the contribution of residues in this motif to the unusually low cysteine pKa. We calculate that hydrogen bonds to the hydroxyl and to the backbone amide of Ser285 would both contribute approximately 1 pH unit, while the presence of Pro284 in the motif lowers the pKa of Cys283 by a further 1.2 pH units. Using UV difference spectroscopy the pKa of the active site cysteine in WT HMCK and in the P284A, S285A, and C283S/S285C mutants was determined experimentally. The pKa values, although consistently about 0.5 pH unit lower, were in broad agreement with those predicted. The effect of each of these mutations on the pH-rate profile was also examined. The results show conclusively that, contrary to a previous report (Wang et al. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 11698-11705), Cys283 is not responsible for the pKa of 5.4 observed in the WT V/K(creatine) pH profile. Finally we use molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate that, in order to maintain the linear alignment necessary for associative inline transfer of a phosphoryl group, Cys283 needs to be ionized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J. McLeish
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (734) 615 1787; Fax: (734) 615 3079. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao TJ, Feng S, Wang YL, Liu Y, Luo XC, Zhou HM, Yan YB. Impact of intra-subunit domain-domain interactions on creatine kinase activity and stability. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3835-40. [PMID: 16797013 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) is a key enzyme in vertebrate excitable tissues. In this research, five conserved residues located on the intra-subunit domain-domain interface were mutated to explore their role in the activity and structural stability of CK. The mutations of Val72 and Gly73 decreased both the activity and stability of CK. The mutations of Cys74 and Val75, which had no significant effect on CK activity and structure, gradually decreased the stability and reactivation of CK. Our results suggested that the mutations might modify the correct positioning of the loop contributing to domain-domain interactions, and result in decreased stability against denaturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Human muscle creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that plays an important physiological role in the energy metabolism of humans. It also serves as a typical model for studying refolding of proteins. A study of the refolding and reactivation process of guanidine chloride-denatured human muscle CK is described in the present article. The results show that the refolding process can be divided into fast and slow folding phases and that an aggregation process competes with the proper refolding process at high enzyme concentration and high temperature. An intermediate in the early stage of refolding was captured by specific protein molecules: the molecular chaperonin GroEL and alpha(s)-casein. This intermediate was found to be a monomer, which resembles the "molten globule" state in the CK folding pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first monomeric intermediate captured during refolding of CK. We propose that aggregation is caused by interaction between such monomeric intermediates. Binding of GroEL with this intermediate prevents formation of aggregates by decreasing the concentration of free monomeric intermediates, whereas binding of alpha(s)-casein with this intermediate induces more aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory, PR China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mazon H, Marcillat O, Forest E, Vial C. Local dynamics measured by hydrogen/deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry of creatine kinase digested by two proteases. Biochimie 2005; 87:1101-10. [PMID: 16023284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the structure and dynamics of native dimeric cytosolic muscle creatine kinase. The protein was incubated in D2O for various time. After H/D exchange and rapid quenching of the reaction, the partially deuterated protein was cleaved in parallel by two different proteases (pepsin or type XIII protease from Aspergillus saitoi) to increase the sequence coverage and spatial resolution of deuterium incorporation. The resulting peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In comparison with the 3D structure of MM-CK, the analysis of the two independent proteolysis deuteration patterns allowed us to get new insights into CK local dynamics as compared to a previous study using pepsin [Mazon et al. Protein Science 13 (2004) 476-486]. In particular, we obtained more information on the kinetics and extent of deuterium exchange in the N- and C-terminal extremities represented by the 1-22 and 362-380 pepsin peptides. Indeed, we observed a very different behaviour of the 1-12 and 13-22 type XIII protease peptides, and similarly for the 362-373 and 374-380 peptides. Moreover, comparison of the deuteration patterns of type XIII protease segments of the large 90-126 pepsin peptide led us to identify a small relatively dynamic region (108-114).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Mazon
- UMR CNRS 5013, Biomembranes et enzymes associés, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|