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Endo Y, Horinishi A, Vorgerd M, Aoyama Y, Ebara T, Murase T, Odawara M, Podskarbi T, Shin YS, Okubo M. Molecular analysis of the AGL gene: heterogeneity of mutations in patients with glycogen storage disease type III from Germany, Canada, Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey. J Hum Genet 2006; 51:958-963. [PMID: 17047887 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of abnormal glycogen in the liver and/or muscles and caused by deficiency in the glycogen debranching enzyme (AGL). Previous studies have revealed that the spectrum of AGL mutations in GSD III patients depends on ethnic grouping. We investigated nine GSD III patients from Germany, Canada, Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey and identified six novel AGL mutations: one nonsense (W255X), three deletions (1019delA, 3202-3203delTA, and 1859-1869del11-bp), and two splicing mutations (IVS7 + 5G > A and IVS21 + 5insA), together with three previously reported ones (R864X, W1327X, and IVS21 + 1G > A). All mutations are predicted to lead to premature termination, which abolishes enzyme activity. Our molecular study on GSD III patients of different ethnic ancestry showed allelic heterogeneity of AGL mutations. This is the first AGL mutation report for German, Canadian, Afghan, Iranian and Turkish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Endo
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Asako Horinishi
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yoshiko Aoyama
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ebara
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Toshio Murase
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Masato Odawara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoon S Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Minoru Okubo
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) was diagnosed in 4 Inuit children (3 confirmed, 1 suspected case) at our institution over the last decade. This rare autosomal recessive disease, which results from a deficiency of the debranching enzyme required for complete degradation of the glycogen molecule, has not been previously described in this population. The possible clinical presentations are heterogeneous, as is the spectrum of severity of this disease. The long-term sequelae can be severe, including recurrent hypoglycemia, hepatic cirrhosis and progressive muscle weakness. These 4 cases would suggest an increased prevalence of GSD III in the Inuit population. Therefore, it is important for health care providers caring for this population to consider and recognize this rare but serious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul James A Zimakas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
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