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Abstract
A 2-year-old mixed breed goat was presented for a 1-day history of anorexia and 1 week of weight loss. Serum biochemistry disclosed severe azotemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed decreased renal corticomedullary distinction, poor visualization of the renal pelves, and dilated ureters. On necropsy, the kidneys were small, the pelves were dilated, and the medulla was partially effaced by variably sized yellow nephroliths. Histologically, cortical and medullary tubules were distended by yellow-brown, multilayered crystals. Stone composition was 100% xanthine. Exonic sequencing of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MOCOS) identified 2 putative pathogenic variants: a heterozygous XDH p.Leu128Pro variant and a homozygous MOCOS p.Asp303Gly variant. Variant frequencies were determined in 7 herd mates, 12 goats undergoing necropsy, and 443 goats from genome databases. The XDH variant was not present in any of these 462 goats. The MOCOS variant allele frequency was 0.03 overall, with 3 homozygotes detected. Hereditary xanthinuria is a recessive disorder in other species, but the XDH variant could be causal if the case goat is a compound heterozygote harboring a second variant in a regulatory region not analyzed or if the combination of the XDH and MOCOS variants together abolish XDH activity. Alternatively, the MOCOS variant alone could be causal despite the presence of other homozygotes, because hereditary xanthinuria in humans often is asymptomatic. Ours is the first report describing the clinical presentation and pathology associated with xanthine urolithiasis in a goat. The data support hereditary xanthinuria, but functional studies are needed to conclusively determine the causal variant(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal J. Vail
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTexas
| | - Nicole M. Tate
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
| | - Tasha Likavec
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTexas
| | - Katie M. Minor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
| | - Philippa M. Gibbons
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTexas
| | - Raquel R. Rech
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTexas
| | - Eva Furrow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
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Lai JM, Wu JT, Yang WC, Chao MH, Nagahata H. An unusual case of thoracic ectopia cordis in a Toggenburg Goat and its three-dimensional images constructed with X-ray computed tomography. Jpn J Vet Res 2016; 64:165-170. [PMID: 27506092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A two-day-old female Toggenburg goat with thoracic ectopia cordis (EC) was diagnosed via radiography and computed tomography. The goat was born with EC, defects of the sternum and a supra-umbilical abdominal wall, but without the presence of Cantrell's syndrome. Necropsy and histopathological findings indicated the affected kid had malformation of the heart with an enlarged left ventricle. The findings showed the heart (9 x 5 x 5 cm) stayed outside the thorax, and was covered by a semitransparent membrane. This report is the first to describe a case of thoracic EC in a goat whose sternum was not developed fully and was not connected to the ribs. It is also the first paper to describe three-dimensional images of this condition constructed from computed tomography scans.
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Samuel MO, Adamu SS, Ogiji EE, Bello DF, Allagh JS, Ate IU, Rabol JS. A case of congenital left brachium agenesis (amelia, brachiomelia monobrachium) in Sahel goat ecotype. Ital J Anat Embryol 2015; 120:33-39. [PMID: 26738256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This rare case of amelia in a doe-goat was observed in Tarka local government area, Benue State, middle belt region of Nigeria. The congenital deformity consisted of complete agenesis of the affected fore limb; the defect is commonly unilaterally manifested. The present congenitally impaired goat was approximately one and a half years old, and was a second kiddling of a normal multiparous dam. The left fore limb was grossly vestigial in development, while the homologous right hoof was splayed; the hind limbs were anatomically normal. Radiographs revealed morphological aberrations in intergumentary, skeletal, vascular, nervous systems and musculature of the affected limb. Sahel goat is alien to this developmental syndrome and this is to the best of our knowledge--the first case report of left sided brachial agenesia, (amelia) in a doe-goat of this breed. By season of occurrence, the hypothesis of interplay between genetics, climate and environment at large in the pathogenesis of this hereditary anomaly is raised and supported by the abundance of phytoteratogens in alternative diets in the dry seasons. The condition is compatible with life but may contribute to reproductive and economic loss in farms.
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Abstract
An occipitoatlantoaxial malformation was diagnosed in a 1-year-old Murciano-Granadina goat. At clinical examination, the head and cranial part of the neck were deviated to the right. Clinical signs of spinal cord or brain disease were not observed. At necropsy, morphological abnormalities were seen in the craniovertebral junction and cervical vertebrae, characterized by a firm attachment and incomplete articulation between the occipital bone and the atlas, and scoliosis in the cervical regions. The definitive diagnosis was bilateral asymmetrical occipitoatlantoaxial fusion with rotation of the atlas and atlantoaxial subluxation. To the authors' knowledge, this case report is the second occipitoatlantoaxial malformation described in a goat and the first description in an adult goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Seva
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Batista M, Alamo D, Caballero MJ, González F, Cabrera F, Rodríguez N, Espinosa A, Gracia A. Segmental aplasia of the uterus associated with hydrometra in a goat. Vet Rec 2006; 159:597-8. [PMID: 17071673 DOI: 10.1136/vr.159.18.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Batista
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Las Palmas Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas, Trasmontaña 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Abstract
The anatomical and clinical features of a live-born diprosopic goat kid are described. The kid had two faces with two eyes each, two complete oral cavities and nostrils and two ears. Caudal to the neck, the kid grossly appeared normal. Both mouths of the kid showed synchronous suckling motions. Elevated respiratory and heart rates were recorded and the temperature was subnormal. Radiological examination showed a single trunk and vertebral column, normal limbs, two sets of jaws, three orbits, and contrast radiography revealed a single patent oesophagus. There was maxillary and mandibular duplication resulting in two faces. There was a cleft palate. The oropharyngeal regions of each face merged to form a single laryngopharynx and oesophagus. There was a single brain with hypoplasia of the cerebellum. The left and right cerebral hemispheres were fused rostrally, and there was duplication of the optic chiasma and the pituitary gland. The olfactory tract was absent and the superficial origins of most of the cranial nerves were not discernible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukaratirwa
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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7
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Abstract
Pituitary glands of normal-termed stillborn goat kids with congenital goitre and normal-termed stillborn goat kids without congenital goitre were examined macroscopically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Thyroid glands of these animals were also examined grossly and microscopically. The pituitary glands of kids with goitre were larger than those of normal kids, and on histopathological examination there was hyperplasia of the acidophil cells in the ventral part of the glands. However, it was impossible to distinguish thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting cells from other acidophil cells in sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE). Red granules were observed in the cytoplasm of these hyperplastic cells in periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained sections. Sections were also immunostained with an antibody against TSH using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase technique. Immunohistochemistry revealed TSH-secreting cells to have increased in number in the pituitary glands of kids with congenital goitre because of the extensive proliferation when compared with those of normal kids. The present study indicated that the presence of multiple fetuses (twins or triplets) may be a predisposing factor for congenital goitre.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Akdeniz University, 15100, Burdur, Turkey.
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8
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Winter P, Hochsteiner W, Chizzola R. [Use of copper oxide wire particles (Copinox) for the prevention of congenital copper deficiency in a herd of German Improved Fawn breed of goat]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2004; 111:395-7. [PMID: 15568637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In a herd of German Improved Fawn breed of goat in the year 2000 neonatal kid losses due to congenital copper deficiencies were observed. To clarify the problems and to prevent losses in the next breeding season serum copper levels of 10 dams and four control Boer goats were investigated at four time points during one year. Additionally ten kids of the following year were sampled and the serum copper levels were studied. Immediatly after parturition and 8 weeks later the dams showed low serum copper levels (10.4 +/- 11.1 micromol/l, 5.7 +/- 2.9 micromol/l resp.). At the end of the pasture season an increase of serum copper could be measured (19.3 +/- 16.0 micromol/l). To prevent enzootic ataxia due to congenital copper deficiency, the dams were treated with copper oxide wire particles in the next late gestation. At this time point serum copper concentrations started to decrease (18.5 +/- 8.4 micromol/l). The re-examination 3 month later demonstrated an increase of the serum mean copper concentrations up to 23.4 micromol/l in the dams and to 16.2 micromol/l in the kids. The serum copper levels were significantly higher compared to the levels the year before. Big variation of the serum copper levels in the control Boer goats occurred during the year, but no clinical symptoms of copper deficiency could be observed. The copper levels in the grass and soil samples were 6.8 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg dry substance, respectively. A secondary copper deficiency based on cadmium could be excluded through the low levels of soil samples. The contents of sulphur and molybdenum were not determined. The results indicate that the German Improved Fawn breed of goats suffered from a primary copper deficiency due to the inefficient mineral supplementation. The administration of Copinox in the last third of the gestation leads to a continious raising of the copper concentrations in the serum and is suited to prevent ataxia due to congential copper deficiency in neonatal kids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Winter
- Klinisches Department für Nutztiere und Bestandsbetreuung, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien.
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9
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Abstract
A congenital cystic disease of the liver, pancreas, and kidney was diagnosed in a 3-week-old female Nubian goat (Capra hircus). Gross and histologic features were similar to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in humans and to previous reports of juvenile polycystic disorders in several animal species. Grossly, the lesions were confined to the liver and pancreas. The liver was severely enlarged and contained multiple fluid-filled cysts of various sizes. There was tortuous ectasia of the extrahepatic bile ducts. In the pancreas, multiple small cysts were disseminated throughout the parenchyma. Histologically, there was cavernous ectasia of the intra- and extrahepatic biliary system. Dilated intrahepatic biliary channels formed a branching and anastomosing pattern throughout the hepatic parenchyma and were often bordered by fibrous connective tissue. The pancreas had dilation of intra- and interlobular ducts. Renal cortical tubules and collecting ducts were ectatic. Congenital polycystic disorder has not been documented previously in the goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krotec
- Laboratory of Large Animal Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348, USA
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Mackie JT, Dubey JP. Congenital sarcocystosis in a Saanen goat. J Parasitol 1996; 82:350-1. [PMID: 8604115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcocystis schizonts were seen in histologic sections of the brain of a stillborn Saanen goat from Australia. The organism was located in endothelial cells of blood vessels, divided by endopolygeny, and reacted with anti-S. cruzi polyclonal rabbit serum in an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemical test.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Mackie
- Veterinary Pathology Services, Queensland, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Cazabon
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Mount Hope, Trinidad
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Obendorf
- Mt Pleasant Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry, Kings Meadows, Tasmania
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