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Goutam RS, Kumar V, Lee U, Kim J. Cdx1 and Gsc distinctly regulate the transcription of BMP4 target gene ventx3.2 by directly binding to the proximal promoter region in Xenopus gastrulae. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100058. [PMID: 38522664 PMCID: PMC11031840 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive regulatory network of transcription factors controls the dorsoventral patterning of the body axis in developing vertebrate embryos. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is essential for activating the Ventx family of homeodomain transcription factors, which regulates embryonic patterning and germ layer identity during Xenopus gastrulation. Although Ventx1.1 and Ventx2.1 of the Xenopus Ventx family have been extensively investigated, Ventx3.2 remains largely understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of ventx3.2 during the embryonic development of Xenopus. We used goosecoid (Gsc) genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data to isolate and replicate the promoter region of ventx3.2. Serial deletion and site-directed mutagenesis were used to identify the cis-acting elements for Gsc and caudal type homeobox 1 (Cdx1) within the ventx3.2 promoter. Cdx1 and Gsc differentially regulated ventx3.2 transcription in this study. Additionally, positive cis-acting and negative response elements were observed for Cdx1 and Gsc, respectively, within the 5' flanking region of the ventx3.2 promoter. This result was corroborated by mapping the active Cdx1 response element (CRE) and Gsc response element (GRE). Moreover, a point mutation within the CRE and GRE completely abolished the activator and repressive activities of Cdx1 and Gsc, respectively. Furthermore, the chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the direct binding of Cdx1 and Gsc to the CRE and GRE, respectively. Inhibition of Cdx1 and Gsc activities at their respective functional regions, namely, the ventral marginal zone and dorsal marginal zone, reversed their effects on ventx3.2 transcription. These results indicate that Cdx1 and Gsc modulate ventx3.2 transcription in the ventral marginal zone and dorsal marginal zone by directly binding to the promoter region during Xenopus gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Korea
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Korea
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Kumar V, Umair Z, Lee U, Kim J. Two Homeobox Transcription Factors, Goosecoid and Ventx1.1, Oppositely Regulate Chordin Transcription in Xenopus Gastrula Embryos. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060874. [PMID: 36980215 PMCID: PMC10047115 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal inhibition between two signaling centers, the Spemann organizer (dorsal mesoderm) and ventral region (mesoderm and ectoderm), collectively regulate the overall development of vertebrate embryos. Each center expresses key homeobox transcription factors (TFs) that directly control target gene transcription. Goosecoid (Gsc) is an organizer (dorsal mesoderm)-specific TF known to induce dorsal fate and inhibit ventral/ectodermal specification. Ventx1.1 (downstream of Bmp signaling) induces the epidermal lineage and inhibits dorsal organizer-specific genes from the ventral region. Chordin (Chrd) is an organizer-specific secreted Bmp antagonist whose expression is primarily activated by Gsc. Alternatively, chrd expression is repressed by Bmp/Ventx1.1 in the ventral/epidermal region. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the transcription mediated by Gsc and Ventx1.1 remain elusive. Here, we found that the chrd promoter contained two cis-acting response elements that responded negatively to Ventx1.1 and positively to Gsc. In the ventral/ectodermal region, Ventx1.1 was directly bound to the Ventx1.1 response element (VRE) and inhibited chrd transcription. In the organizer region, Gsc was bound to the Gsc response elements (GRE) to activate chrd transcription. The Gsc-mediated positive response on the chrd promoter completely depended on another adjacent Wnt response cis-acting element (WRE), which was the TCF7 (also known as Tcf1) binding element. Site-directed mutagenesis of VRE, GRE, or WRE completely abolished the repressive or activator activity of Ventx1.1 and Gsc, respectively. The ChIP-PCR results confirmed the direct binding of Ventx1.1 and Gsc/Tcf7 to VRE and GRE/WRE, respectively. These results demonstrated that chrd expression is oppositely modulated by homeobox TFs, Ventx1.1, and Gsc/Tcf7 during the embryonic patterning of Xenopus gastrula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Zobia Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (U.L.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2354 (U.L.); +82-33-248-2544 (J.K.)
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (U.L.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2354 (U.L.); +82-33-248-2544 (J.K.)
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Umair Z, Kumar V, Goutam RS, Kumar S, Lee U, Kim J. Goosecoid Controls Neuroectoderm Specification via Dual Circuits of Direct Repression and Indirect Stimulation in Xenopus Embryos. Mol Cells 2021; 44:723-735. [PMID: 34711690 PMCID: PMC8560583 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spemann organizer is a center of dorsal mesoderm and itself retains the mesoderm character, but it has a stimulatory role for neighboring ectoderm cells in becoming neuroectoderm in gastrula embryos. Goosecoid (Gsc) overexpression in ventral region promotes secondary axis formation including neural tissues, but the role of gsc in neural specification could be indirect. We examined the neural inhibitory and stimulatory roles of gsc in the same cell and neighboring cells contexts. In the animal cap explant system, Gsc overexpression inhibited expression of neural specific genes including foxd4l1.1, zic3, ncam, and neurod. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and promoter analysis of early neural genes of foxd4l1.1 and zic3 were performed to show that the neural inhibitory mode of gsc was direct. Site-directed mutagenesis and serially deleted construct studies of foxd4l1.1 promoter revealed that Gsc directly binds within the foxd4l1.1 promoter to repress its expression. Conjugation assay of animal cap explants was also performed to demonstrate an indirect neural stimulatory role for gsc. The genes for secretory molecules, Chordin and Noggin, were up-regulated in gsc injected cells with the neural fate only achieved in gsc uninjected neighboring cells. These experiments suggested that gsc regulates neuroectoderm formation negatively when expressed in the same cell and positively in neighboring cells via soluble factors. One is a direct suppressive circuit of neural genes in gsc expressing mesoderm cells and the other is an indirect stimulatory circuit for neurogenesis in neighboring ectoderm cells via secreted BMP antagonizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Dai Z, Liu H, Wang B, Yang D, Zhu YY, Yan H, Zhu PF, Liu YP, Chen HC, Zhao YL, Zhao LX, Zhao XD, Liu HY, Luo XD. Structures/cytotoxicity/selectivity relationship of natural steroidal saponins against GSCs and primary mechanism of tribulosaponin A. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113068. [PMID: 33310292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the highly aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), small population of cancer cells that exist in GBM tissues, resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and usually driving GBM recurrence, have been developed as effective therapeutic target. Steroidal saponins are one of important resources for anti-tumor agent and may be benefited to selectively clear GSCs. In this report, total of 97 natural steroidal saponins were investigated the relationship among structures/cytotoxicity/selectivity against GSCs, glioma cell lines and human untransformed cells, and revealed that tribulosaponin A was the most potent compound. Further investigation suggested that tribulosaponin A up-regulated the expression of NCF1 and NOX1 to accumulate ROS for triggering apoptosis in GSCs, but not in untransformed cells, and it was further supported by the assay that N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) clearing ROS delayed GSCs apoptosis. Besides, tribulosaponin A damaged GSCs recapturing tumor spheres formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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Kuo CL, Lam CM, Hewitt JE, Scotting PJ. Formation of the embryonic organizer is restricted by the competitive influences of Fgf signaling and the SoxB1 transcription factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57698. [PMID: 23469052 PMCID: PMC3585176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The organizer is one of the earliest structures to be established during vertebrate development and is crucial to subsequent patterning of the embryo. We have previously shown that the SoxB1 transcription factor, Sox3, plays a central role as a transcriptional repressor of zebrafish organizer gene expression. Recent data suggest that Fgf signaling has a positive influence on organizer formation, but its role remains to be fully elucidated. In order to better understand how Fgf signaling fits into the complex regulatory network that determines when and where the organizer forms, the relationship between the positive effects of Fgf signaling and the repressive effects of the SoxB1 factors must be resolved. This study demonstrates that both fgf3 and fgf8 are required for expression of the organizer genes, gsc and chd, and that SoxB1 factors (Sox3, and the zebrafish specific factors, Sox19a and Sox19b) can repress the expression of both fgf3 and fgf8. However, we also find that these SoxB1 factors inhibit the expression of gsc and chd independently of their repression of fgf expression. We show that ectopic expression of organizer genes induced solely by the inhibition of SoxB1 function is dependent upon the activation of fgf expression. These data allow us to describe a comprehensive signaling network in which the SoxB1 factors restrict organizer formation by inhibiting Fgf, Nodal and Wnt signaling, as well as independently repressing the targets of that signaling. The organizer therefore forms only where Nodal-induced Fgf signaling overlaps with Wnt signaling and the SoxB1 proteins are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Kuo
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, QMC, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Man Lam
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, QMC, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E. Hewitt
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, QMC, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Scotting
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, QMC, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Kalisz M, Winzi M, Bisgaard HC, Serup P. EVEN-SKIPPED HOMEOBOX 1 controls human ES cell differentiation by directly repressing GOOSECOID expression. Dev Biol 2011; 362:94-103. [PMID: 22178155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
TGFß signaling patterns the primitive streak, yet little is known about transcriptional effectors that mediate the cell fate choices during streak-like development in mammalian embryos and in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Here we demonstrate that cross-antagonistic actions of EVEN-SKIPPED HOMEOBOX 1 (EVX1) and GOOSECOID (GSC) regulate cell fate decisions in streak-like progenitors derived from human ES cells exposed to BMP4 and/or activin. We found that EVX1 repressed GSC expression and promoted formation of posterior streak-like progeny in response to BMP4, and conversely that GSC repressed EVX1 expression and was required for development of anterior streak-like progeny in response to activin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that EVX1 bound to the GSC 5'-flanking region in BMP4 treated human ES cells, and band shift assays identified two EVX1 binding sites in the GSC 5'-region. Significantly, we found that intact EVX1 binding sites were required for BMP4-mediated repression of GSC reporter constructs. We conclude that BMP4-induced EVX1 repress GSC directly and the two genes form the core of a gene regulatory network (GRN) controlling cell fates in streak-like human ES cell progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kalisz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark.
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Lyu J, Jho EH, Lu W. Smek promotes histone deacetylation to suppress transcription of Wnt target gene brachyury in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Cell Res 2011; 21:911-21. [PMID: 21423269 PMCID: PMC3203701 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Wnt-responsive development-related genes are silenced to maintain pluripotency and their expression is activated during differentiation. Acetylation of histones by histone acetyltransferases stimulates transcription, whereas deacetylation of histones by HDACs is correlated with transcriptional repression. Although Wnt-mediated gene transcription has been intimately linked to the acetylation or deacetylation of histones, how Wnt signaling regulates this type of histone modification is poorly understood. Here, we report that Smek, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) complex, plays an important role in histone deacetylation and silencing of the Wnt-responsive gene, brachyury, in ESCs. Smek mediates recruitment of PP4c and HDAC1 to the Tcf/Lef binding site of the brachyury promoter and inhibits brachyury expression in ESCs. Activation of Wnt signaling during differentiation causes disruption of the Smek/PP4c/HDAC1 complex, resulting in an increase in histones H3 and H4 acetylation at the brachyury gene locus. These results suggest that the Smek-containing PP4 complex represses transcription of Wnt-responsive development-related genes through histone deacetylation, and that this complex is essential for ESC pluripotency maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmook Lyu
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eek-hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Wange Lu
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Castro-Gonzalez C, Luengo-Oroz MA, Douloquin L, Savy T, Melani C, Desnoulez S, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Bourginey P, Peyrieras N, Santos A. Towards a digital model of zebrafish embryogenesis. Integration of cell tracking and gene expression quantification. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 2010:5520-5523. [PMID: 21096468 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5626769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We elaborate on a general framework composed of a set of computational tools to accurately quantificate cellular position and gene expression levels throughout early zebrafish embryogenesis captured over a time-lapse series of in vivo 3D images. Our modeling strategy involves nuclei detection, cell geometries extraction, automatic gene levels quantification and cell tracking to reconstruct cell trajectories and lineage tree which describe the animal development. Each cell in the embryo is then precisely described at each given time t by a vector composed of the cell 3D spatial coordinates (x; y; z) along with its gene expression level g. This comprehensive description of the embryo development is used to assess the general connection between genetic expression and cell movement. We also investigate genetic expression propagation between a cell and its progeny in the lineage tree. More to the point, this paper focuses on the evolution of the expression pattern of transcriptional factor goosecoid (gsc) through the gastrulation process between 6 and 9 hours post fertilization (hpf).
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Izzi L, Silvestri C, von Both I, Labbé E, Zakin L, Wrana JL, Attisano L. Foxh1 recruits Gsc to negatively regulate Mixl1 expression during early mouse development. EMBO J 2007; 26:3132-43. [PMID: 17568773 PMCID: PMC1914101 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixl1 is a member of the Mix/Bix family of paired-like homeodomain proteins and is required for proper axial mesendoderm morphogenesis and endoderm formation during mouse development. Mix/Bix proteins are transcription factors that function in Nodal-like signaling pathways and are themselves regulated by Nodal. Here, we show that Foxh1 forms a DNA-binding complex with Smads to regulate transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)/Nodal-dependent Mixl1 gene expression. Whereas Foxh1 is commonly described as a transcriptional activator, we observed that Foxh1-null embryos exhibit expanded and enhanced Mixl1 expression during gastrulation, indicating that Foxh1 negatively regulates expression of Mixl1 during early mouse embryogenesis. We demonstrate that Foxh1 associates with the homeodomain-containing protein Goosecoid (Gsc), which in turn recruits histone deacetylases to repress Mixl1 gene expression. Ectopic expression of Gsc in embryoid bodies represses endogenous Mixl1 expression and this effect is dependent on Foxh1. As Gsc is itself induced in a Foxh1-dependent manner, we propose that Foxh1 initiates positive and negative transcriptional circuits to refine cell fate decisions during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Izzi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingo von Both
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Labbé
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lise Zakin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Room 1008, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1. Tel.: +1 416 946 3129; Fax: +1 416 978 8287; E-mail:
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Mani SA, Yang J, Brooks M, Schwaninger G, Zhou A, Miura N, Kutok JL, Hartwell K, Richardson AL, Weinberg RA. Mesenchyme Forkhead 1 (FOXC2) plays a key role in metastasis and is associated with aggressive basal-like breast cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:10069-74. [PMID: 17537911 PMCID: PMC1891217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic spread of epithelial cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant organs mimics the cell migrations that occur during embryogenesis. Using gene expression profiling, we have found that the FOXC2 transcription factor, which is involved in specifying mesenchymal cell fate during embryogenesis, is associated with the metastatic capabilities of cancer cells. FOXC2 expression is required for the ability of murine mammary carcinoma cells to metastasize to the lung, and overexpression of FOXC2 enhances the metastatic ability of mouse mammary carcinoma cells. We show that FOXC2 expression is induced in cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) triggered by a number of signals, including TGF-beta1 and several EMT-inducing transcription factors, such as Snail, Twist, and Goosecoid. FOXC2 specifically promotes mesenchymal differentiation during an EMT and may serve as a key mediator to orchestrate the mesenchymal component of the EMT program. Expression of FOXC2 is significantly correlated with the highly aggressive basal-like subtype of human breast cancers. These observations indicate that FOXC2 plays a central role in promoting invasion and metastasis and that it may prove to be a highly specific molecular marker for human basal-like breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendurai A. Mani
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jing Yang
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Mary Brooks
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Gunda Schwaninger
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Alicia Zhou
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Naoyuki Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Jeffery L. Kutok
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Kimberly Hartwell
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Andrea L. Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Robert A. Weinberg
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Blum M, Andre P, Muders K, Schweickert A, Fischer A, Bitzer E, Bogusch S, Beyer T, van Straaten HWM, Viebahn C. Ciliation and gene expression distinguish between node and posterior notochord in the mammalian embryo. Differentiation 2007; 75:133-46. [PMID: 17316383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian node, the functional equivalent of the frog dorsal blastoporal lip (Spemann's organizer), was originally described by Viktor Hensen in 1876 in the rabbit embryo as a mass of cells at the anterior end of the primitive streak. Today, the term "node" is commonly used to describe a bilaminar epithelial groove presenting itself as an indentation or "pit" at the distal tip of the mouse egg cylinder, and cilia on its ventral side are held responsible for molecular laterality (left-right) determination. We find that Hensen's node in the rabbit is devoid of cilia, and that ciliated cells are restricted to the notochordal plate, which emerges from the node rostrally. In a comparative approach, we use the organizer marker gene Goosecoid (Gsc) to show that a region of densely packed epithelium-like cells at the anterior end of the primitive streak represents the node in mouse and rabbit and is covered ventrally by a hypoblast (termed "visceral endoderm" in the mouse). Expression of Nodal, a gene intricately involved in the determination of vertebrate laterality, delineates the wide plate-like posterior segment of the notochord in the rabbit and mouse, which in the latter is represented by the indentation frequently termed "the node." Similarly characteristic ciliation and nodal expression exists in Xenopus neurula embryos in the gastrocoel roof plate (GRP), i.e., at the posterior end of the notochord anterior to the blastoporal lip. Our data suggest that (1) a posterior segment of the notochord, here termed PNC (for posterior notochord), is characterized by features known to be involved in laterality determination, (2) the GRP in Xenopus is equivalent to the mammalian PNC, and (3) the mammalian node as defined by organizer gene expression is devoid of cilia and most likely not directly involved in laterality determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Blum
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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12
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Hartwell KA, Muir B, Reinhardt F, Carpenter AE, Sgroi DC, Weinberg RA. The Spemann organizer gene, Goosecoid, promotes tumor metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:18969-74. [PMID: 17142318 PMCID: PMC1748161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608636103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of invasion and metastasis during tumor progression is often reminiscent of cell migration events occurring during embryonic development. We hypothesized that genes controlling cellular changes in the Spemann organizer at gastrulation might be reactivated in tumors. The Goosecoid homeobox transcription factor is a known executer of cell migration from the Spemann organizer. We found that indeed Goosecoid is overexpressed in a majority of human breast tumors. Ectopic expression of Goosecoid in human breast cells generated invasion-associated cellular changes, including an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. TGF-beta signaling, known to promote metastasis, induced Goosecoid expression in human breast cells. Moreover, Goosecoid significantly enhanced the ability of breast cancer cells to form pulmonary metastases in mice. These results demonstrate that Goosecoid promotes tumor cell malignancy and suggest that other conserved organizer genes may function similarly in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Hartwell
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
| | - Beth Muir
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Dennis C. Sgroi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Robert A. Weinberg
- *Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142. E-mail:
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13
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Abstract
In the postimplantation mouse embryo, axial patterning begins with the restriction of expression of a set of genes to the distal visceral endoderm(DVE). This proximodistal (PD) axis is subsequently transformed into an anteroposterior axis as the VE migrates anteriorly to form the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE). Both Nodal and Wnt signaling pathways are involved in these events. We show here that loss of function in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Apc) leads to constitutive β-catenin activity that induces a proximalization of the epiblast with the activation of a subset of posterior mesendodermal genes, and loss of ability to induce the DVE. The loss of some DVE genes such as Hex and goosecoid is rescued in chimeras where only the epiblast was wild type; however, these DVE markers were no longer restricted distally but covered the entire epiblast. Thus, the Apc gene is needed in both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages for normal PD patterning around implantation, suggesting that early restricted activation of the Wnt pathway may be important for initiating axial asymmetries. In addition, we found that nuclear β-catenin and other molecular markers are asymmetrically expressed by 4.5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Chazaud
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
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14
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Schild-Prüfert K, Giegerich M, Schäfer M, Winkler C, Krohne G. Structural and functional characterization of the zebrafish lamin B receptor. Eur J Cell Biol 2006; 85:813-24. [PMID: 16759737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lamin B receptor (LBR) is an integral membrane protein of the inner nuclear membrane that is interacting with B-type lamins, chromatin and DNA. The complete loss of the protein in mouse mutants causes a reduced viability of embryos, and viable animals develop abnormalities of the skeleton. Here, we present the molecular characterization of the zebrafish LBR (zLBR) gene and the functional analysis of LBR during zebrafish embryogenesis. We found that the coding region of the LBR mRNA of zebrafish as well as of mammals is contained in 13 exons. At the protein level, human and zebrafish LBR exhibit a high sequence identity (57% and higher) in 8 of the 13 exons. Knockdown of zLBR by microinjection of 0.5-1.0 mM morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MO) into 1- to 2-cell stage embryos reduced the amount of endogenous zLBR protein to approximately 10-20%. The viability of MO-injected embryos within 24 h was reduced to 70-77%. Surviving 1-day-old embryos exhibited morphological alterations including reduced growth of head structures, retardation of tail growth and a bent backbone and tail. Expression analysis of the transcription factors no tail (ntl) and goosecoid (gsc) by in situ hybridization suggests that these malformations are caused by altered cell migration during gastrulation. Our data indicate that the LBR of zebrafish and mammals are both required for correct development.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Exons/genetics
- Fetal Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Silencing
- Goosecoid Protein/genetics
- Goosecoid Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Introns/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
- Lamin B Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schild-Prüfert
- Division of Electron Microscopy, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Seiliez I, Thisse B, Thisse C. FoxA3 and goosecoid promote anterior neural fate through inhibition of Wnt8a activity before the onset of gastrulation. Dev Biol 2006; 290:152-63. [PMID: 16364286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the nervous system initially requires the acquisition of neural identity, which is achieved through the inhibition of epidermalizing factors. A regional patterning then takes place within the neural plate through the activity of caudalizing factors. These two processes are tightly regulated early in development by the dorsal organizer. Here, we show that, in zebrafish embryos, two transcription factors, FoxA3 and Goosecoid, coexpressed at the dorsal blastula margin, are required for the definition of anterior neural fate. Their inactivation results in deletions of anterior head structures associated with an increase of Wnt8 activity at the dorsal blastula margin. These phenotypes can be fully rescued by overexpression of Wnt inhibitors or by inactivation of wnt8a. Altogether, foxA3 and goosecoid cooperate to promote formation of anterior neural tissue by protecting, as early as blastula stage, presumptive anterior neural cells from an irreversible caudalization by the posteriorizing factor Wnt8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iban Seiliez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1, rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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Tada S, Era T, Furusawa C, Sakurai H, Nishikawa S, Kinoshita M, Nakao K, Chiba T, Nishikawa SI. Characterization of mesendoderm: a diverging point of the definitive endoderm and mesoderm in embryonic stem cell differentiation culture. Development 2005; 132:4363-74. [PMID: 16141227 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bipotent mesendoderm that can give rise to both endoderm and mesoderm is an established entity from C. elegans to zebrafish. Although previous studies in mouse embryo indicated the presence of bi-potent mesendoderm cells in the organizer region, characterization of mesendoderm and its differentiation processes are still unclear. As bi-potent mesendoderm is implicated as the major precursor of definitive endoderm, its identification is also essential for exploring the differentiation of definitive endoderm. In this study, we have established embryonic stem (ES) cell lines that carry GFP gene in the goosecoid (Gsc) gene locus and have investigated the differentiation course of mesendodermal cells using Gsc expression as a marker. Our results show that mesendoderm is represented as a Gsc-GFP+E-cadherin(ECD)+PDGFRα(αR)+population and is selectively induced from ES cells under defined conditions containing either activin or nodal. Subsequently, it diverges to Gsc+ECD+αR- and Gsc+ECD-αR+ intermediates that eventually differentiate into definitive endoderm and mesodermal lineages,respectively. The presence of mesendodermal cells in nascent Gsc+ECD+αR+ population was also confirmed by single cell analysis. Finally, we show that the defined culture condition and surface markers developed in this study are applicable for obtaining pure mesendodermal cells and their immediate progenies from genetically unmanipulated ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tada
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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