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Ghosh S, Pawar R, Kangralkar V, Mallya AD, Dhere RM, Bolgiano B, Ravenscroft N. Acid hydrolysis conditions for quantification of meningococcal X polysaccharide in a pentavalent vaccine using HPAEC-PAD/ESI-MS. Anal Biochem 2023; 683:115363. [PMID: 37866526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive method was evaluated for quantitation of meningococcal X (Men X) polysaccharide in pentavalent meningococcal A, C, W, Y and X conjugate vaccine using different acid hydrolysis conditions like HCl, TFA, HF, HF-TFA, and HF-HCl. High-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) using CarboPac PA10 column was used to identify the hydrolyzed products based on retention time and its comparison with monosaccharide standards. Complete release of glucosamine (GlcN) from Men X in monovalent bulk and pentavalent vaccine samples was achieved using HF hydrolysis at 80 °C for 2 h. The Men X HF-hydrolyzed polysaccharide to glucosamine along with the reference standard was identified using collision-induced dissociation (CID) electrospray mass spectroscopy and the MS/MS fragments of m/z 162, m/z 144 and m/z 84. Meningococcal polysaccharide concentration was determined with a correlation coefficient r2 >0.99 using polysaccharide reference standard. The serogroups A, W, and Y were converted to their monosaccharides units and quantified using this method however, milder acid hydrolysis 0.1 M HCl 80 °C 2 h for release of sialic acid for Men C polysaccharide was found to be more suitable. These methods will provide necessary tools and prove to be beneficial to laboratories developing new saccharide-based vaccine combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Ghosh
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh Pawar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Kangralkar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asha D Mallya
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Rajeev M Dhere
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Barbara Bolgiano
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, AL3 6DP, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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Abstract
The molecular size of meningococcal polysaccharides is an important physicochemical parameter that is related to immunogenicity and efficacy. A simple method for size-exclusion chromatography was developed, optimized, and applied for safe and rapid fractionation of meningococcal polysaccharide AC vaccine. Pooling of the fractions collected from size-exclusion chromatography was investigated and evaluated, rather than analyzing each fraction separately, for determining the percentages of meningococcal polysaccharide A and C that were eluted before the distribution coefficient of 0.5. Pooling is preferred rather than analyzing each fraction individually, as it is easily handled, faster, simpler, less expensive, more accurate, safe, and applicable. The developed method was validated and successfully applied for the determination of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine serotype A and C in quality-control and commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa R Hussein
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, 51 Wezaret El Zeraa St, Dokki, Giza, 12654, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R Rezk
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Kasr El Aini St, 11562, Egypt
| | - Faten Abdel Aziz Fathalla
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, 51 Wezaret El Zeraa St, Dokki, Giza, 12654, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Kasr El Aini St, 11562, Egypt
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Ugozzoli M, Laera D, Nuti S, Skibinski DAG, Bufali S, Sammicheli C, Tavarini S, Singh M, O'Hagan DT. Flow cytometry: an alternative method for direct quantification of antigens adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Anal Biochem 2011; 418:224-30. [PMID: 21820996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FC) has been widely used in biological research; however, its use for vaccine characterization has been very limited. Here we describe the development of an FC method for the direct quantification of two Neisseria meningitidis vaccine antigens, in mono- and multivalent formulations, while still adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide (AH) suspension. The antibody-based method is specific and sensitive. Because FC allows microscopic particle examination, the entire aluminum suspension carrying adsorbed antigen(s) can be analyzed directly. In addition to determining antigen concentration and identity, the assay is able to determine the distribution of the antigens on AH. High correlation coefficients (r(2)) were routinely achieved for a broad range of antigen doses from 0 to 150 μg/dose. Traditional assays for quantitative and qualitative antigen characterization on AH particles involve either complete aluminum dissolution or antigen desorption from the adjuvant. Because our direct method uses the whole AH suspension, the cumbersome steps used by traditional methods are not required. Those steps are often inefficient in desorbing the antigens and in some cases can lead to protein denaturation. We believe that this novel FC-based assay could circumvent some of the complex and tedious antigen-adjuvant desorption methods.
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von Hunolstein C, Parisi L, Bottaro D. Simple and rapid technique for monitoring the quality of meningococcal polysaccharides by high performance size-exclusion chromatography. J Biochem Biophys Methods 2003; 56:291-6. [PMID: 12834984 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(03)00066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular size of meningococcal polysaccharides is an important physico-chemical parameter which correlates with immunogenicity. This paper describes the experimental conditions for high-performance size-exclusion chromatography on a PL Aquagel-OH 60 column to follow changes in the size distribution and therefore in the distribution coefficient (K(D)) of the meningococcal polysaccharides of groups A, C, Y and W-135 used to formulate anti-Neisseria meningitidis vaccines. The experimental conditions were also found to be suitable for a rapid monitoring of the quality (no group A polysaccharide depolymerization) of the tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina von Hunolstein
- Laboratorio di Batteriologia e Micologia Medica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Jumel K, Ho MM, Bolgiano B. Evaluation of meningococcal C oligosaccharide conjugate vaccines by size-exclusion chromatography/multi-angle laser light scattering. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2002; 36:219-26. [PMID: 12452806 DOI: 10.1042/ba20020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mean molecular masses of three different meningococcal C saccharide (MenC)-protein conjugate vaccines and their constituent proteins were estimated using HPLC size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive-index (RI) detection (SEC/MALLS). Chromatography of two CRM(197) conjugates (MenC-CRM(197)-A and MenC-CRM(197)-B) and one tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate (MenC-TT) was performed in PBS, pH 7.4, on TSK-Gel (TosoHaas) analytical columns [CRM(197) is a non-catalytic cross-reacting mutant (CRM) of diphtheria toxin]. Analysis of the light-scattering signal measured at 18 angles simultaneously, using the RI signal as a measure of concentration, gave absolute weight-average-molecular-mass (M(w)) values for the CRM(197) conjugates as follows: MenC-CRM(197)-A, approximately 75,000 g x mol(-1) and MenC-CRM(197)-B, approximately 350,000 g x mol(-1), suggesting that MenC-CRM(197)-A is a monomer (one carrier protein per conjugate molecule), while MenC-CRM(197)-B is largely composed of conjugates containing three or four CRM(197) molecules. The MenC-TT conjugate eluted as a two-component system with (M(w)) of 1.63 x 10(6) and 395,000 g x mol(-1), suggesting that some cross-linked complexes contain up to six TT molecules. Comparison of results from MALLS/RI with those obtained using UV detection highlights the differences in size and relative composition of the various subpopulations of the MenC conjugates that can be obtained using different detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Jumel
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
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Lei QP, Shannon AG, Heller RK, Lamb DH. Quantification of free polysaccharide in meningococcal polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccines. Dev Biol (Basel) 2001; 103:259-64. [PMID: 11214246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A precipitation method using deoxycholate/HCI has been applied successfully to separate unconjugated free polysaccharide from carrier protein-bound material in meningococcal polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccines. The method effectively separated free and bound polysaccharide in conjugate vaccines prepared from Neisseria meningitidis serotypes A, C, W135 and Y. Free polysaccharide remained in the supernatant after deoxycholate treatment while protein-bound polysaccharide was fully precipitated. Testing by both colorimetric assay and high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) has confirmed the selective loss of protein-bound polysaccharide in samples of conjugate vaccine or conjugate vaccine mixed with known amounts of free polysaccharide. This rapid separation method requires minimum sample handling and is specific, reproducible, and allows assessment of free polysaccharide levels in vaccines at final container concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Lei
- Aventis Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA 18370-0187, USA
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