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Barnes A, Ooi SYJ, Lynch KD, Parthasarathy N, Bishara M, Gounder M, Grafton R, Leach P, Bampton P, Sechi A, Ng W, Connor S, van Langenberg D, Mountifield R, Andrews JM. Proactive Metabolite Testing in Patients on Thiopurine May Yield Long-Term Clinical Benefits in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:889-896. [PMID: 35687221 PMCID: PMC10011286 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thiopurine medications are well established in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is significant variation in levels of toxic and therapeutic metabolites. Current data from small or short-term studies support therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in assessing azathioprine (AZA) and 6-mercaptopurine (6MP). TDM of thiopurines involves measurement and interpretation of metabolites 6-TGN and 6-MMPR. AIMS This study aimed to assess long-cterm outcomes of patients on thiopurines following therapeutic drug monitoring. METHODS A multicenter retrospective observational study of outcomes post thiopurine TDM was conducted. Demographics, disease characteristics, physician global assessment, IBD therapy at baseline TDM and again at 12 months were collected. Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to TDM result, and indication for TDM including proactive and other indications. RESULTS The study included 541 patients. Only 39% of patients had appropriate dosing of thiopurines. AZA/6MP TDM informed a management change in 61.9%, and enabled 88.8% of the cohort to continue AZA/6MP following TDM. At 12 months following TDM the majority (74.1%) of the cohort remained on AZA/6MP. Clinical remission was higher at 12-months following thiopurines TDM (68%) compared to baseline (37%), including proactive TDM. Post TDM, 13.0% of patients were identified as shunters and commenced on thiopurine-allopurinol co-therapy. CONCLUSION Thiopurine TDM resulted in a change in management for the majority of patients. Post TDM significantly more patients were in remission. TDM allowed the identification of non-adherence and shunters who, without intervention, would not reach therapeutic drug levels. Proactive TDM allowed identification and management of inappropriate dosing, and was associated with increased levels of clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Barnes
- IBD Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Soong-Yuan J Ooi
- IBD Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate D Lynch
- IBD Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nina Parthasarathy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Bishara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Gounder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Grafton
- IBD Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peta Leach
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Peter Bampton
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sechi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Watson Ng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan Connor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel van Langenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Réme Mountifield
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jane M Andrews
- IBD Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Kunz JH, Hommel KA, Greenley RN. Health-related quality of life of youth with inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison with published data using the PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:939-46. [PMID: 19998462 PMCID: PMC2873051 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared youth and parent-proxy reports of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to published comparison group data and examined concordance between youth and parent-proxy reports of HRQoL. METHODS One hundred thirty-six youth and parent-proxy reports on the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales were compared to published data from chronically ill, acutely ill, and healthy comparison groups using independent samples t-tests. Reporter agreement was examined using paired samples t-tests and intraclass correlations (ICCs). RESULTS Youth with IBD reported lower psychosocial functioning than the healthy comparison group, higher physical and social functioning than the chronically ill group, and lower school functioning than all published comparison groups. Parent-proxy reports of youth HRQoL were higher than the chronically ill group, but lower than the healthy group on all scales except psychosocial functioning. Youth with active IBD reported lower physical health domain scores than youth with inactive disease. Concordance between youth and parent-proxy reports was moderate, with the lowest agreement in school and social functioning. CONCLUSIONS Youth with IBD and their parents rate HRQoL as lower than healthy youth but do not perceive the impact of IBD to be as limiting as in other chronic conditions. Youth report suggests that IBD may be particularly detrimental to HRQoL in the school functioning domain. Moderate agreement between parent and youth reports substantiates continued use of multiple informants in studies of pediatric HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hauser Kunz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
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Sokoloski JA, Sartorelli AC. Inhibition of the synthesis of glycoproteins and induction of the differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells by 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside. Cancer Res 1987; 47:6283-7. [PMID: 3479242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells were induced to differentiate along the granulocytic pathway by exposure to 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (6-MMPR). The interference with cellular replication and the induction of terminal maturation by 6-MMPR appeared to be a consequence of the inhibition of purine nucleotide biosynthesis de novo, since the simultaneous exposure of HL-60 cells to 6-MMPR and adenine completely prevented cellular differentiation, as measured by both nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction and the phagocytosis of latex beads, and partially prevented growth inhibition. The induction of HL-60 leukemia cell maturation by 6-MMPR was preceded by a marked reduction in the incorporation of [3H]mannose into glycoproteins and into the dolichol-oligosaccharide precursors of N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis. Simultaneous exposure of HL-60 cells to 6-MMPR and adenine completely prevented the reduction in [3H]mannose incorporation into glycoproteins produced by the purine nucleoside antimetabolite. These findings suggest that the utilization of mannose for glycoprotein biosynthesis may be a component of the mechanism by which 6-MMPR causes the induction of the terminal differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sokoloski
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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