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van Opbergen CJM, Noorman M, Pfenniger A, Copier JS, Vermij SH, Li Z, van der Nagel R, Zhang M, de Bakker JMT, Glass AM, Mohler PJ, Taffet SM, Vos MA, van Rijen HVM, Delmar M, van Veen TAB. Plakophilin-2 Haploinsufficiency Causes Calcium Handling Deficits and Modulates the Cardiac Response Towards Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4076. [PMID: 31438494 PMCID: PMC6747156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human variants in plakophilin-2 (PKP2) associate with most cases of familial arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Recent studies show that PKP2 not only maintains intercellular coupling, but also regulates transcription of genes involved in Ca2+ cycling and cardiac rhythm. ACM penetrance is low and it remains uncertain, which genetic and environmental modifiers are crucial for developing the cardiomyopathy. In this study, heterozygous PKP2 knock-out mice (PKP2-Hz) were used to investigate the influence of exercise, pressure overload, and inflammation on a PKP2-related disease progression. In PKP2-Hz mice, protein levels of Ca2+-handling proteins were reduced compared to wildtype (WT). PKP2-Hz hearts exposed to voluntary exercise training showed right ventricular lateral connexin43 expression, right ventricular conduction slowing, and a higher susceptibility towards arrhythmias. Pressure overload increased levels of fibrosis in PKP2-Hz hearts, without affecting the susceptibility towards arrhythmias. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis caused more severe subepicardial fibrosis, cell death, and inflammatory infiltrates in PKP2-Hz hearts than in WT. To conclude, PKP2 haploinsufficiency in the murine heart modulates the cardiac response to environmental modifiers via different mechanisms. Exercise upon PKP2 deficiency induces a pro-arrhythmic cardiac remodeling, likely based on impaired Ca2+ cycling and electrical conduction, versus structural remodeling. Pathophysiological stimuli mainly exaggerate the fibrotic and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal J M van Opbergen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Noorman
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pfenniger
- Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jaël S Copier
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah H Vermij
- Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Li
- Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Roel van der Nagel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jacques M T de Bakker
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron M Glass
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steven M Taffet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Harold V M van Rijen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands.
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Goodfellow JA, Bowes T, Sheikh K, Odaka M, Halstead SK, Humphreys PD, Wagner ER, Yuki N, Furukawa K, Furukawa K, Plomp JJ, Willison HJ. Overexpression of GD1a ganglioside sensitizes motor nerve terminals to anti-GD1a antibody-mediated injury in a model of acute motor axonal neuropathy. J Neurosci 2005; 25:1620-8. [PMID: 15716397 PMCID: PMC6725939 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4279-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 12/25/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-GD1a ganglioside antibodies (Abs) are the serological hallmark of the acute motor axonal form of the post-infectious paralysis, Guillain-Barre syndrome. Development of a disease model in mice has been impeded by the weak immunogenicity of gangliosides and the apparent resistance of GD1a-containing neural membranes to anti-GD1a antibody-mediated injury. Here we used mice with altered ganglioside biosynthesis to generate such a model at motor nerve terminals. First, we bypassed immunological tolerance by immunizing GD1a-deficient, beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase knock-out mice with GD1a ganglioside-mimicking antigens from Campylobacter jejuni and generated high-titer anti-GD1a antisera and complement fixing monoclonal Abs (mAbs). Next, we exposed ex vivo nerve-muscle preparations from GD1a-overexpressing, GD3 synthase knock-out mice to the anti-GD1a mAbs in the presence of a source of complement and investigated morphological and electrophysiological damage. Dense antibody and complement deposits were observed only over presynaptic motor axons, accompanied by severe ultrastructural damage and electrophysiological blockade of motor nerve terminal function. Perisynaptic Schwann cells and postsynaptic membranes were unaffected. In contrast, normal mice were not only unresponsive to immunization with GD1a but also resistant to neural injury during anti-GD1a Ab exposure, demonstrating the central role of membrane antigen density in modulating both immune tolerance to GD1a and axonal susceptibility to anti-GD1a Abmediated injury. Identical paralyzing effects were observed when testing mouse and human anti-GD1a-positive sera. These data indicate that anti-GD1a Abs arise via molecular mimicry and are likely to be clinically relevant in injuring peripheral nerve axonal membranes containing sufficiently high levels of GD1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Goodfellow
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The antigens that trigger the pathogenic immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain unknown. Until recently it was assumed that either viral or microbial antigens, or joint-specific antigens were the target of arthritogenic T and B lymphocytes in RA. Consequently, murine models of arthritis are induced by immunization with either joint-specific antigens such as type II collagen or microbial products such as streptococcal cell wall. In the K/B×N T-cell receptor transgenic mouse model arthritis is caused by a systemic autoimmune response to the ubiquitously expressed glycolytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI). The autoreactive transgenic T cells recognize G6PI and provide help for the production of arthritogenic IgG antibodies against G6PI. More recently it was shown that G6PI immunization induces severe symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis in genetically unaltered DBA/I mice. In that model CD4+ T cells are necessary not only for the induction but also for the effector phase of arthritis. Here we review the pathomechanisms that lead from systemic autoreactivity to arthritis in these models, consider the relevance of anti-G6PI immune reactivity for RA, and discuss the insights into the pathogenesis of RA and possibly other autoimmune conditions that can be gained from these models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Specificity
- Arthritis, Experimental/enzymology
- Arthritis, Experimental/etiology
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/enzymology
- Autoimmune Diseases/etiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Wall/chemistry
- Cell Wall/immunology
- Collagen Type II/immunology
- Collagen Type II/toxicity
- Complement System Proteins/immunology
- Crosses, Genetic
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Interleukin-1/physiology
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/etiology
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/immunology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kamradt
- Institut für Immunologie, Klinikum der Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Kawachi I, Tanaka K, Tanaka M, Tsuji S. Dendritic cells presenting pyruvate kinase M1/M2 isozyme peptide can induce experimental allergic myositis in BALB/c mice. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 117:108-15. [PMID: 11431010 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymyositis (PM) is an inflammatory muscle disease caused by autoimmune dysfunction, considered to be caused by cytotoxic CD8 T cells. To date, no autoantigens have been identified. We attempted to induce an experimental allergic myositis (EAM) in BALB/c mice by inoculating syngeneic dendritic cells (DC) presenting peptides that are expected to match the binding anchor motif of H-2K(d) (BALB/c). We selected peptides that are highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Only when we inoculated syngeneic bone marrow-derived DC presenting pyruvate kinase M1/M2 peptide 464-472 in BALB/c mice, 41.7% of the mice (EAM) developed pathological changes in skeletal muscle compatible to human PM. Under other conditions (when we inoculated DC presenting no synthetic peptides into BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice and DC presenting pyruvate kinase M1/M2 peptide into C57BL/6 mice), there were no necrotizing and inflammatory lesions. Induction of EAM in the same manner as above also induced CTL activity against P815 cells with the same peptide and syngeneic differentiated cultured myotubes without peptides by the chromium release assay. Consistent with the similarity of the binding anchor motif of H-2K(d) (BALB/c) and HLA A*2402, we conclude that pyruvate kinase M1/M2 peptide is a candidate autoantigen not only in BALB/c-EAM but also in human-PM with the HLA A*2402 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kawachi
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1, 951-8585, Niigata, Japan.
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