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Maier J, Rauter L, Rudin D, Niello M, Holy M, Schmid D, Wilson J, Blough BE, Gannon BM, Murnane KS, Sitte HH. α-PPP and its derivatives are selective partial releasers at the human norepinephrine transporter: A pharmacological characterization of interactions between pyrrolidinopropiophenones and high and low affinity monoamine transporters. Neuropharmacology 2021; 190:108570. [PMID: 33864800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While classical cathinones, such as methcathinone, have been shown to be monoamine releasing agents at human monoamine transporters, the subgroup of α-pyrrolidinophenones has thus far solely been characterized as monoamine transporter reuptake inhibitors. Herein, we report data from previously undescribed α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) derivatives and compare them with the pharmacologically well-researched α-PVP (α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone). Radiotracer-based in vitro uptake inhibition assays in HEK293 cells show that the investigated α-PPP derivatives inhibit the human high-affinity transporters of dopamine (hDAT) and norepinephrine (hNET) in the low micromolar range, with α-PVP being ten times more potent. Similar to α-PVP, no relevant pharmacological activity was found at the human serotonin transporter (hSERT). Unexpectedly, radiotracer-based in vitro release assays reveal α-PPP, MDPPP and 3Br-PPP, but not α-PVP, to be partial releasing agents at hNET (EC50 values in the low micromolar range). Furthermore, uptake inhibition assays at low-affinity monoamine transporters, i.e., the human organic cation transporters (hOCT) 1-3 and human plasma membrane monoamine transporter (hPMAT), bring to light that all compounds inhibit hOCT1 and 2 (IC50 values in the low micromolar range) while less potently interacting with hPMAT and hOCT3. In conclusion, this study describes (i) three new hybrid compounds that efficaciously block hDAT while being partial releasers at hNET, and (ii) highlights the interactions of α-PPP-derivatives with low-affinity monoamine transporters, giving impetus to further studies investigating the interaction of drugs of abuse with OCT1-3 and PMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Maier
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurin Rauter
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deborah Rudin
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Niello
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Holy
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diethart Schmid
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph Wilson
- Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bruce E Blough
- Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brenda M Gannon
- Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Department of Pharmacology Toxicology & Neuroscience and Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Kevin S Murnane
- Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Department of Pharmacology Toxicology & Neuroscience and Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria; AddRess Centre for Addiction Research and Science, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Choi MK, Jin QR, Jin HE, Shim CK, Cho DY, Shin JG, Song IS. Effects of tetraalkylammonium compounds with different affinities for organic cation transporters on the pharmacokinetics of metformin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2008; 28:501-10. [PMID: 17876861 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The study sought to investigate the effects of tetraalkylammonium (TAA), inhibitors of the organic cation transporters (OCTs) with different affinities, on the pharmacokinetics of metformin. The inhibitory potentials of TAAs on the uptake of metformin were evaluated by determining IC(50) values in MDCK cells over-expressing OCTs and, to assess in vivo drug interactions, metformin and TAAs were coadministered to rats. Uptake of metformin was facilitated by over-expression of hOCT1 and hOCT2 and showed saturable processes, indicating that metformin is a substrate of hOCT1 and hOCT2. The IC(50) values of TAAs for hOCT2 were lower than hOCT1 and decreased with increasing alkyl chain length, indicating that the inhibitory potential of TAAs on metformin uptake was greater in hOCT2 than in hOCT1 and increased with increasing alkyl chain length. The plasma concentration of metformin was elevated by the coadministration of tetrapropylammonium (TPrA) and tetrapentylammonium (TPeA), but not by tetramethylammonium (TMA) or tetraethylammonium (TEA). However, the plasma concentrations of TMA, TEA and TPrA were not changed by the coadministration of metformin. In conclusion, in vivo drug interactions between metformin and TAAs were caused only when metformin was coadministered with TAAs showing higher affinities for OCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Koo Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE Creatinine is excreted into urine by tubular secretion in addition to glomerular filtration. The purpose of this study was to clarify molecular mechanisms underlying the tubular secretion of creatinine in the human kidney. METHODS Transport of [14C]creatinine by human organic ion transporters (SLC22A) was assessed by HEK293 cells expressing hOCT1, hOCT2, hOCT2-A, hOAT1, and hOAT3. RESULTS Among the organic ion transporters examined, only hOCT2 stimulated creatinine uptake when expressed in HEK293 cells. Creatinine uptake by hOCT2 was dependent on the membrane potential. The Michaelis constant (Km) for creatinine transport by hOCT2 was 4.0 mM, suggesting low affinity. Various cationic drugs including cimetidine and trimethoprim, but not anionic drugs, markedly inhibited creatinine uptake by hOCT2. CONCLUSION These results suggest that hOCT2, but not hOCT1, is responsible for the basolateral membrane transport of creatinine in the human kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Urakami
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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