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Liu X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Vakharia VN, Zhang X, Lv X, Sun W. Screening of genes encoding proteins that interact with ISG15: Probing a cDNA library from a snakehead fish cell line using a yeast two-hybrid system. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 128:300-306. [PMID: 35921933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) regulates cellular life processes, including defense responses against infection by a variety of viral pathogens, by binding to target proteins. At present, various fish ISG15s have been identified, but the biological function of ISG15 in snakehead fish is still unclear. In this study, total RNA was extracted from snakehead fish cell line E11, ds cDNA was synthesized and purified using SMART technology, and the resulting cDNA library was screened by co-transforming yeast cells. The library titer was 4.28 × 109 CFU/mL. Using snakehead ISG15 as the bait protein, the recombinant bait vector pGBKT7-ISG15 was constructed and transformed into the yeast strain Y2HGold. The toxicity and self-activation activity of the bait vector were detected on the deficient medium, and the prey proteins interacting with ISG15 were screened. In total, 19 interacting proteins of ISG15 were identified, including mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3, hypothetical protein SnRVgp6, elongation factor 1-beta, 60S ribosomal protein L9, dual specificity protein phosphatase 5-like, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I and ferritin. A yeast spotting assay further probed the interaction between ISG15 and DUSP5. These results increase our understanding of the interaction network of snakehead ISG15 and will aid in exploring the underlying mechanisms of snakehead ISG15 functions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Liwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Vikram N Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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2
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Li S, Hu Y, Jiang L, Rui P, Zhao Q, Feng J, Zuo D, Zhou X, Jiang T. Strawberry Vein Banding Virus P6 Protein Is a Translation Trans-Activator and Its Activity Can be Suppressed by FveIF3g. Viruses 2018; 10:E717. [PMID: 30558257 PMCID: PMC6316418 DOI: 10.3390/v10120717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) open reading frame (ORF) VI encodes a P6 protein known as the RNA silencing suppressor. This protein is known to form inclusion like granules of various sizes and accumulate in both the nuclei and the cytoplasm of SVBV-infected plant cells. In this study, we have determined that the P6 protein is the only trans-activator (TAV) encoded by SVBV, and can efficiently trans-activate the translation of downstream gfp mRNA in a bicistron derived from the SVBV. Furthermore, the P6 protein can trans-activate the expression of different bicistrons expressed by different caulimovirus promoters. The P6 protein encoded by SVBV from an infectious clone can also trans-activate the expression of bicistron. Through protein-protein interaction assays, we determined that the P6 protein could interact with the cell translation initiation factor FveIF3g of Fragaria vesca and co-localize with it in the nuclei of Nicotiana benthamiana cells. This interaction reduced the formation of P6 granules in cells and its trans-activation activity on translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yahui Hu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Penghuan Rui
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jiying Feng
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Dengpan Zuo
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tong Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Zheng M, Liu X, Liang S, Fu S, Qi Y, Zhao J, Shao J, An L, Yu F. Chloroplast Translation Initiation Factors Regulate Leaf Variegation and Development. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:1117-1130. [PMID: 27535792 PMCID: PMC5047069 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development requires the coordinated expressions of nuclear and chloroplast genomes, and both anterograde and retrograde signals exist and work together to facilitate this coordination. We have utilized the Arabidopsis yellow variegated (var2) mutant as a tool to dissect the genetic regulatory network of chloroplast development. Here, we report the isolation of a new (to our knowledge) var2 genetic suppressor locus, SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION9 (SVR9). SVR9 encodes a chloroplast-localized prokaryotic type translation initiation factor 3 (IF3). svr9-1 mutant can be fully rescued by the Escherichia coli IF3 infC, suggesting that SVR9 functions as a bona fide IF3 in the chloroplast. Genetic and molecular evidence indicate that SVR9 and its close homolog SVR9-LIKE1 (SVR9L1) are functionally interchangeable and their combined activities are essential for chloroplast development and plant survival. Interestingly, we found that SVR9 and SVR9L1 are also involved in normal leaf development. Abnormalities in leaf anatomy, cotyledon venation patterns, and leaf margin development were identified in svr9-1 and mutants that are homozygous for svr9-1 and heterozygous for svr9l1-1 (svr9-1 svr9l1-1/+). Meanwhile, as indicated by the auxin response reporter DR5:GUS, auxin homeostasis was disturbed in svr9-1, svr9-1 svr9l1-1/+, and plants treated with inhibitors of chloroplast translation. Genetic analysis established that SVR9/SVR9L1-mediated leaf margin development is dependent on CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON2 activities and is independent of their roles in chloroplast development. Together, our findings provide direct evidence that chloroplast IF3s are essential for chloroplast development and can also regulate leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
| | - Xiayan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
| | - Shiying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
| | - Yafei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
| | - Jingxia Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (M.Z., X.L., S.L., S.F., Y.Q., J.Z., J.S., L.A., F.Y.)
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Liu K, Lei Z, Yao H, Lei S, Zhao H. Impact of a Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3a Polymorphism on Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25:461-5. [PMID: 27333287 PMCID: PMC5588499 DOI: 10.1159/000447741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) gene and the risk for gastric cancer within the Chinese population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 322 patients with gastric cancer were selected as the patient group and 340 non-gastric cancer patients were selected as the control group using the case-control method. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer technology was leveraged to genotype the rs77382849 single nucleotide polymorphism in the eIF3a gene. The demographic characteristics of the study population and other exposures to risk factors were collected. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the risk factors and gastric cancer. RESULTS A higher frequency of the eIF3a rs77382849 GG homozygote genotype was observed in the gastric cancer patients compared with the controls (63.98 vs. 54.41%, p < 0.05). After adjustment of exposure risks, such as age, gender, smoking, and drinking, the rs77382849 single nucleotide polymorphism was still associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer. When the eIF3a rs77382849 GG homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the GA genotype (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.545, 95% CI: 0.386-0.769, p = 0.001) and AA genotype (AA vs. GG: OR = 0.245, 95% CI: 0.072-0.836, p = 0.025) were both correlated with a significantly decreased risk for gastric cancer development. CONCLUSION An association between eIF3a rs77382849 polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer was observed in these Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hua Zhao
- *Dr. Hua Zhao, Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139, Middle Renmin road, Changsha, Hunan 410000 (PR China), E-Mail
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Sun BG, Hu YH. Evaluation of potential internal references for quantitative real-time RT-PCR normalization of gene expression in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Fish Physiol Biochem 2015; 41:695-704. [PMID: 25743365 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been used extensively for studying gene expression in diverse organisms including fish. In this study, with an aim to identify reliable reference genes for qRT-PCR in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), an economic fish species, we determined the expression stability of seven housekeeping genes in healthy and bacterium-infected red drum. Each of the selected candidate genes was amplified by qRT-PCR from the brain, gill, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, and spleen of red drum infected with or without a bacterial pathogen for 12 and 48 h. The mRNA levels of the genes were analyzed with the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. The results showed that in the absence of bacterial infection, translation initiation factor 3, NADH dehydrogenase 1, and QM-like protein may be used together as internal references across the eight examined tissues. Bacterial infection caused variations in the rankings of the most stable genes in a tissue-dependent manner. For all tissues, two genes sufficed for reliable normalization at both 12 and 48 h post-infection. However, the optimal gene pairs differed among tissues and, for four of the examined eight tissues, between infection points. These results indicate that when studying gene expression in red drum under conditions of bacterial infection, the optimal reference genes should be selected on the basis of tissue type and, for accurate normalization, infection stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Guang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
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6
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Kuzmenko A, Atkinson GC, Levitskii S, Zenkin N, Tenson T, Hauryliuk V, Kamenski P. Mitochondrial translation initiation machinery: conservation and diversification. Biochimie 2013; 100:132-40. [PMID: 23954798 PMCID: PMC3978653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The highly streamlined mitochondrial genome encodes almost exclusively a handful of transmembrane components of the respiratory chain complex. In order to ensure the correct assembly of the respiratory chain, the products of these genes must be produced in the correct stoichiometry and inserted into the membrane, posing a unique challenge to the mitochondrial translational system. In this review we describe the proteins orchestrating mitochondrial translation initiation: bacterial-like general initiation factors mIF2 and mIF3, as well as mitochondria-specific components – mRNA-specific translational activators and mRNA-nonspecific accessory initiation factors. We consider how the fast rate of evolution in these organelles has not only created a system that is divergent from that of its bacterial ancestors, but has led to a huge diversity in lineage specific mechanistic features of mitochondrial translation initiation among eukaryotes. Mitochondrially-encoded proteins are mostly respiratory chain components. The mitochondrial translation system is thus organized in a very specific way. Initiation involves mRNA-specific activators and bacteria-like initiation factors. We show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aim23p is a functional ortholog of bacterial IF3. We review the lineage specific features of mitochondrial translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kuzmenko
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia; Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gemma C Atkinson
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergey Levitskii
- Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Zenkin
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Tanel Tenson
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vasili Hauryliuk
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Piotr Kamenski
- Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Siebke C, James TC, Cummins R, O’Grady T, Kay E, Bond U. Phage display biopanning identifies the translation initiation and elongation factors (IF1α-3 and eIF-3) as components of Hsp70-peptide complexes in breast tumour cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:145-56. [PMID: 22002548 PMCID: PMC3273561 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein, HSP70, is over-expressed in many tumours and acts at the crossroads of key intracellular processes in its role as a molecular chaperone. HSP70 associates with a vast array of peptides, some of which are antigenic and can mount adaptive immune responses against the tumour from which they are derived. The pool of peptides associated with HSP70 represents a unique barcode of protein metabolism in tumour cells. With a view to identifying unique protein targets that may be developed as tumour biomarkers, we used purified HSP70 and its associated peptide pool (HSP70-peptide complexes, HSP70-PCs) from different human breast tumour cell lines as targets for phage display biopanning. Our results show that HSP70-PCs from each cell line interact with unique sets of peptides within the phage display library. One of the peptides, termed IST, enriched in the biopanning process, was used in a 'pull-down' assay to identify the original protein from which the HSP70-associated peptides may have been derived. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3), a member of the elongation factor EF1α family, and the HSP GRP78, were pulled down by the IST peptide. All of these proteins are known to be up-regulated in cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining of tumour tissue microarrays showed that the peptide co-localised with HSP70 in breast tumour tissue. The data indicate that the reservoir of peptides associated with HSP70 can act as a unique indicator of cellular protein activity and a novel source of potential tumour biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Siebke
- Moyne Institute for Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tharappel C. James
- Moyne Institute for Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert Cummins
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tony O’Grady
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Kay
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ursula Bond
- Moyne Institute for Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Giuliodori AM, Brandi A, Giangrossi M, Gualerzi CO, Pon CL. Cold-stress-induced de novo expression of infC and role of IF3 in cold-shock translational bias. RNA 2007; 13:1355-65. [PMID: 17592046 PMCID: PMC1924895 DOI: 10.1261/rna.455607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Escherichia coli infC, which encodes translation initiation factor IF3 and belongs to a transcriptional unit containing several promoters and terminators, is enhanced after cold shock, causing a transient increase of the IF3/ribosomes ratio. Here we show that after cold shock the two less used promoters (P(T) and P(I1)) remain active and/or are activated, resulting in de novo infC transcription and IF3 synthesis. These two events are partly responsible for the stoichiometric imbalance of the IF3/ribosomes ratio that contributes to establishing the cold-shock translational bias whereby cold-shock mRNAs are preferentially translated by cold-stressed cells while bulk mRNAs are discriminated against. Analysis of the IF3 functions at low temperature sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which IF3 contributes to the cold-shock translational bias. IF3 was found to cause a strong rate increase of fMet-tRNA binding to ribosomes programmed with cold-shock mRNA, an activity essential for the rapid formation of "30S initiation complexes" at low temperature. The increased IF3/ribosome ratio occurring during cold adaptation was also essential to overcome the higher stability of 70S monomers at low temperature so as to provide a sufficient pool of dissociated 30S subunits capable of "70S initiation complex" formation. Finally, at low temperature IF3 was shown to be endowed with the capacity of discriminating against translation of non-cold-shock mRNAs by a cold-shock-specific "fidelity" function operating with a mechanism different from those previously described, insofar as IF3 does not interfere with formation of 30S initiation complex containing these mRNAs, but induces the formation of nonproductive 70S initiation complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Giuliodori
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology MCA, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Fabbretti A, Pon CL, Hennelly SP, Hill WE, Lodmell JS, Gualerzi CO. The real-time path of translation factor IF3 onto and off the ribosome. Mol Cell 2007; 25:285-96. [PMID: 17244535 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 10/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Translation initiation factor IF3 is an essential bacterial protein, consisting of two domains (IF3C and IF3N) separated by a linker, which interferes with ribosomal subunit association, promotes codon-anticodon interaction in the P site, and ensures translation initiation fidelity. Using time-resolved chemical probing, we followed the dynamic binding path of IF3 on the 30S subunit and its release upon 30S-50S association. During binding, IF3 first contacts the platform (near G700) of the 30S subunit with the C domain and then the P-decoding region (near A790) with its N domain. At equilibrium, attained within less than a second, both sites are protected, but before reaching binding equilibrium, IF3 causes additional transient perturbations of both the platform edge and the solvent side of the subunit. Upon 30S-50S association, IF3 dissociates concomitantly with the establishment of the 30S-50S bridges, following the reverse path of its binding with the IF3N-A790 interaction being lost before the IF3C-G700 interaction.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3/chemistry
- Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3/genetics
- Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Ribosomes/chemistry
- Ribosomes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Fabbretti
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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10
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Wei L, Lei YX, Wang M, Hu B. [Expression change of TIF3 p36 at different stages of human bronchial epithelial cells transformed and induced by cadmium chloride]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2006; 24:578-81. [PMID: 17096938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for carcinogenesis due to cadmium by detecting expression change of the translation initiation factor 3 (TIF3 p36) in those malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cell lines (16HBE) induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)). METHODS The expression changes of TIF3 p36 were detected and analyzed at different stages of malignant cells (semi transformed cells, transformed cells and tumorigenic cells) induced by CdCl(2) solution with both reverse transcription PCR technique and sensitive fluorescent quantitative PCR assay. RESULTS Compared with non-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells, the results of fluorescent quantitative PCR assay showed that the semi-transformed cells, transformed cells and tumorigenic cells all expressed higher levels of TIF3 p36 mRNA (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). As compared with the control cells, the TIF3 expressions at different stages of malignant transformation were 3.1 times, 5.9 times and 9.9 times higher respectively in the low dosage group of CdCl(2) (5 micromol/L); 7.1 times, 6.8 times and 14.8 times respectively in the middle dosage group of CdCl(2) (10 micromol/L); 3.6 times, 3.0 times and 9.1 times respectively in high of dose of CdCl(2) (15 micromol/L). These results showed that there was the positive correlation between overexpression levels of TIF3 p36 mRNA and the malignant degree of the cells, but they were not related to the dosages of cadmium. CONCLUSION There is significantly abnormal overexpression of TIF3 gene during malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cell line induced by cadmium chloride, and the TIF3 expression is associated with the malignant degree of the cells, which may be one of molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for the carcinogenesis due to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510182, China
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11
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Abstract
Ribosome recycling is a process which dissociates the post-termination complexes (post-TC) consisting of mRNA-bound ribosomes harbouring deacylated tRNA(s). Ribosome recycling factor (RRF), and elongation factor G (EFG) participate in this crucial process to free the ribosomal subunits for a new round of translation. We discuss the over-all pathway of ribosome recycling in eubacteria with especial reference to the important role of the initiation factor 3 (IF3) in this process. Depending on the step(s) at which IF3 function is implicated, three models have been proposed. In model 1, RRF and EFG dissociate the post-TCs into the 50S and 30S subunits, mRNA and tRNA(s). In this model, IF3, which binds to the 30S subunit, merely keeps the dissociated subunits apart by its anti-association activity. In model 2, RRF and EFG separate the 50S subunit from the post-TC. IF3 then dissociates the remaining complex of mRNA, tRNA and the 30S subunit, and keeps the ribosomal subunits apart from each other. However, in model 3, both the genetic and biochemical evidence support a more active role for IF3 even at the step of dissociation of the post-TC by RRF and EFG into the 50S and 30S subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Seshadri
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Lei YX, Chen XM, Wu GR, Chen JK. Abnormal expression of eukaryotic translation factors in malignant transformed human bronchial epithelial cells induced by crystalline nickel sulfide. Biomed Environ Sci 2006; 19:53-60. [PMID: 16673819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the oncogenic potential of mouse translation initiation factor 3 (TIF3) and elongation factor-1delta (TEF-1delta) in malignant transformed human bronchial epithelial cells induced by crystalline nickel sulfide (NiS). METHODS Abnormal expressions of human TIF3 and TEF-1delta genes in two kinds of NiS-transformed cells and NiS-tumorigenic cell lines were investigated and analyzed by the reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR), respectively. RESULTS RT-PCR analysis primarily showed that both human TIF3 and TEF-1delta mRNA expressions in two kinds of NiS-transformed cells and NiS-tumorigenic cell lines were increased as compared with controls. FQ-PCR assay showed that the levels of TIF3 expressions in the transformed cells and tumorigenic cells were 3 and 4 times higher respectively, and the elevated expressions of TEF-1delta cDNA copies were 2.7- to 3.5-fold in transformed cells and 4.1- to 5.2-fold in tumorigenic cells when compared with non-transformed cells, indicating that the over-expressions of human TIF3 and TEF-1delta genes were related to malignant degree of the cells induced by nickel. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that there are markedly abnormal expressions of TIF3 and TEF-1delta genes during malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cell lines induced by crystalline NiS. They seem to be the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for human carcinogensis due to nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Lei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Singh NS, Das G, Seshadri A, Sangeetha R, Varshney U. Evidence for a role of initiation factor 3 in recycling of ribosomal complexes stalled on mRNAs in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:5591-601. [PMID: 16199751 PMCID: PMC1240113 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific interactions between ribosome recycling factor (RRF) and elongation factor-G (EFG) mediate disassembly of post-termination ribosomal complexes for new rounds of initiation. The interactions between RRF and EFG are also important in peptidyl-tRNA release from stalled pre-termination complexes. Unlike the post-termination complexes (harboring deacylated tRNA), the pre-termination complexes (harboring peptidyl-tRNA) are not recycled by RRF and EFG in vitro, suggesting participation of additional factor(s) in the process. Using a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches, we show that, (i) Inclusion of IF3 with RRF and EFG results in recycling of the pre-termination complexes; (ii) IF3 overexpression in Escherichia coli LJ14 rescues its temperature sensitive phenotype for RRF; (iii) Transduction of infC135 (which encodes a functionally compromised IF3) in E.coli LJ14 generates a ‘synthetic severe’ phenotype; (iv) The infC135 and frr1 (containing an insertion in the RRF gene promoter) alleles synergistically rescue a temperature sensitive mutation in peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase in E.coli; and (v) IF3 facilitates ribosome recycling by Thermus thermophilus RRF and E.coli EFG in vivo and in vitro. These lines of evidence clearly demonstrate the physiological importance of IF3 in the overall mechanism of ribosome recycling in E.coli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - U. Varshney
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +91 80 2293 2686; Fax: +91 80 2360 2697;
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Valásek L, Nielsen KH, Zhang F, Fekete CA, Hinnebusch AG. Interactions of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) subunit NIP1/c with eIF1 and eIF5 promote preinitiation complex assembly and regulate start codon selection. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:9437-55. [PMID: 15485912 PMCID: PMC522265 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.21.9437-9455.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal domain (NTD) of NIP1/eIF3c interacts directly with eIF1 and eIF5 and indirectly through eIF5 with the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNA(i)(Met) ternary complex (TC) to form the multifactor complex (MFC). We investigated the physiological importance of these interactions by mutating 16 segments spanning the NIP1-NTD. Mutations in multiple segments reduced the binding of eIF1 or eIF5 to the NIP1-NTD. Mutating a C-terminal segment of the NIP1-NTD increased utilization of UUG start codons (Sui(-) phenotype) and was lethal in cells expressing eIF5-G31R that is hyperactive in stimulating GTP hydrolysis by the TC at AUG codons. Both effects of this NIP1 mutation were suppressed by eIF1 overexpression, as was the Sui(-) phenotype conferred by eIF5-G31R. Mutations in two N-terminal segments of the NIP1-NTD suppressed the Sui(-) phenotypes produced by the eIF1-D83G and eIF5-G31R mutations. From these and other findings, we propose that the NIP1-NTD coordinates an interaction between eIF1 and eIF5 that inhibits GTP hydrolysis at non-AUG codons. Two NIP1-NTD mutations were found to derepress GCN4 translation in a manner suppressed by overexpressing the TC, indicating that MFC formation stimulates TC recruitment to 40S ribosomes. Thus, the NIP1-NTD is required for efficient assembly of preinitiation complexes and also regulates the selection of AUG start codons in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leos Valásek
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cadmium carcinogenesis were investigated by differential gene expression analysis of Balb/c-3T3 cells morphologically transformed with cadmium chloride. Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed overexpression of mouse Translation Initiation Factor 3 (TIF3; GenBank Accession Number AF 271072) and Translation Elongation Factor-1delta (TEF-1delta; GenBank Accession Number AF 304351) in the transformed cells compared with the control cells. The full length cDNAs for TIF3 and TEF-1delta were cloned and sequenced. Transfection of mammalian cells with an expression vector containing either TIF3 or TEF-1delta cDNA resulted in overexpression of the encoded protein. Overexpression of the cDNA-encoded TIF3 and TEF-1delta proteins in NIH3T3 cells was oncogenic as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci capable of anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and tumorigenesis in nude mouse. Blocking the translation of TIF3 and TEF-1delta proteins using the corresponding antisense mRNA resulted in a significant reversal of the oncogenic potential of cadmium transformed Balb/c-3T3 cells as evidenced from the suppression of anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and diminished tumorigenesis in nude mouse. These findings demonstrate that the up-regulation of expression of TIF3 and TEF-1delta is a novel molecular mechanism responsible, at least in part, for cadmium carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Joseph
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Abstract
IF3C is the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli translation initiation factor 3 (IF3) and is responsible for all functions of this translation initiation factor but for its ribosomal recycling. To map the number and nature of the active sites of IF3 and to identify the essential Arg residue(s) chemically modified with 2,3-butanedione, the eight arginine residues of IF3C were substituted by Lys, His, Ser and Leu, generating 32 variants that were tested in vitro for all known IF3 activities. The IF3-30S subunit interaction was inhibited strongly by substitutions of Arg99, Arg112, Arg116, Arg147 and Arg168, the positive charges being important at positions 116 and 147. The 70S ribosome dissociation was affected by mutations of Arg112, Arg147 and, to a lesser extent, of Arg99 and Arg116. Pseudo-initiation complex dissociation was impaired by substitution of Arg99 and Arg112 (whose positive charges are important) and, to a lesser extent, of Arg116, Arg129, Arg133 and Arg147, while the dissociation of non-canonical 30S initiation complexes was preserved at wild-type levels in all 32 mutants. Stimulation of mRNA translation was reduced by mutations of Arg116, Arg129 and, to a lesser extent, of Arg99, Arg112 and Arg131 whereas inhibition of non-canonical mRNA translation was affected by substitutions of Arg99, Arg112, Arg168 and, to a lesser extent, Arg116, Arg129 and Arg131. Finally, repositioning the mRNA on the 30S subunit was affected weakly by mutations of Arg133, Arg131, Arg168, Arg147 and Arg129. Overall, the results define two active surfaces in IF3C, and indicate that the different functions of IF3 rely on different molecular mechanisms involving separate active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezemona Petrelli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology MCA, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Lei Y, Pius J, Liu Y, Tong-man O. [Establishment and identification of stable transfection of CHO and COS7 cells with TIF3cDNA]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2003; 34:55-7. [PMID: 15600179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish and identify CHO and COS7 cell lines transfected with TIF3cDNA. METHODS CHO and COS7 cell lines transfected with TIF3cDNA were established with plasmid (pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO) as the vector, using calcium phosphate inductive transfection techniques and G418 cell selection protocols. Expression of the transfected gene was analyzed and identified using western blotting analysis. The non-transfected group and vector-transfected group were designed to compare with the target gene-transfected group. RESULTS 3 out of 7 CHO cell lines transfected with TIF3cDNA expressed stably high levels of TIF3 encoded protein. Similarly, 2 out of 4 COS7 cell lines had significant over-expression of TIF3 encoded protein. Conclusion Three CHO and two COS7 cell lines transfected with TIF3cDNA have been successfully established. The cell lines are of great value for the future exploration of Cd compounds related oncogenens and for the studies of the other biological functions of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Lei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 512182, China
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