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Villafuerte-de la Cruz RA, Garza-Garza LA, Garza-Leon M, Rodriguez-De la Torre C, Parra-Bernal C, Vazquez-Camas I, Ramos-Gonzalez D, Rangel-Padilla A, Espino Barros-Palau A, Nava-García J, Castillo-Velazquez J, Castillo-De Leon E, Del Valle-Penella A, Valdez-Garcia JE, Rojas-Martinez A. Spectrum of variants associated with inherited retinal dystrophies in Northeast Mexico. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:60. [PMID: 38347443 PMCID: PMC10860328 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal dystrophies are hereditary diseases which have in common the progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. They are a group of diseases with clinical, genetic, and allelic heterogeneity. There is limited information regarding the genetic landscape of inherited retinal diseases in Mexico, therefore, the present study was conducted in the northeast region of the country. METHODS Patients with inherited retinal dystrophies were included. A complete history, full ophthalmological and medical genetics evaluations, and genetic analysis through a targeted NGS panel for inherited retinal dystrophies comprising at least 293 genes were undertaken. RESULTS A total of 126 patients were included. Cases were solved in 74.6% of the study's population. Retinitis pigmentosa accounted for the most found inherited retinal disease. Ninety-nine causal variants were found, being USH2A and ABCA4 the most affected genes (26 and 15 cases, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present study documents the most prevalent causative genes in IRDs, as USH2A, in northeastern Mexico. This contrasts with previous reports of IRDs in other zones of the country. Further studies, targeting previously unstudied populations in Mexico are important to document the genetic background of inherited retinal dystrophies in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio A Villafuerte-de la Cruz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
- Destellos de Luz, San Pedro Garza García, México
| | | | - Manuel Garza-Leon
- Destellos de Luz, San Pedro Garza García, México
- Clinical Science Department, Health Sciences Division, University of Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-De la Torre
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Parra-Bernal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
| | - Ilse Vazquez-Camas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico Campus Tuxtla Gutierrez, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Mexico
| | - David Ramos-Gonzalez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rangel-Padilla
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
| | - Angelina Espino Barros-Palau
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
| | - Jose Nava-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jorge E Valdez-Garcia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Los Doctores, Monterrey, CP 64710, Mexico.
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Munir A, Afsar S, Rehman AU. A systematic review of inherited retinal dystrophies in Pakistan: updates from 1999 to April 2023. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38317096 PMCID: PMC10840256 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a group of rare genetic conditions affecting retina of the eye that range in prevalence from 1 in 2000 to 1 in 4000 people globally. This review is based on a retrospective analysis of research articles reporting IRDs associated genetic findings in Pakistani families between 1999 and April 2023. METHODS Articles were retrieved through survey of online sources, notably, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Following a stringent selection criterion, a total of 126 research articles and conference abstracts were considered. All reported variants were cross-checked and validated for their correct genomic nomenclature using different online resources/databases, and their pathogenicity scores were explained as per ACMG guidelines. RESULTS A total of 277 unique sequence variants in 87 distinct genes, previously known to cause IRDs, were uncovered. In around 70% cases, parents of the index patient were consanguineously married, and approximately 88.81% of the detected variants were found in a homozygous state. Overall, more than 95% of the IRDs cases were recessively inherited. Missense variants were predominant (41.88%), followed by Indels/frameshift (26.35%), nonsense (19.13%), splice site (12.27%) and synonymous change (0.36%). Non-syndromic IRDs were significantly higher than syndromic IRDs (77.32% vs. 22.68%). Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was the most frequently observed IRD followed by Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA). Altogether, mutations in PDE6A gene was the leading cause of IRDs in Pakistani families followed by mutations in TULP1 gene. CONCLUSION In summary, Pakistani families are notable in expressing recessively inherited monogenic disorders including IRDs likely due to the highest prevalence of consanguinity in the country that leads to expression of rare pathogenic variants in homozygous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Munir
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Salma Afsar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Griffith J, Sioufi K, Wilbanks L, Magrath GN, Say EAT, Lyons MJ, Wilkes M, Pai GS, Peterseim MMW. Inherited Retinal Dystrophy in Southeastern United States: Characterization of South Carolina Patients and Comparative Literature Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081490. [PMID: 36011402 PMCID: PMC9407983 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of rare diseases involving more than 340 genes and a variety of clinical phenotypes that lead to significant visual impairment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the rates and genetic characteristics of IRDs in the southeastern region of the United States (US). A retrospective chart review was performed on 325 patients with a clinical diagnosis of retinal dystrophy. Data including presenting symptoms, visual acuity, retinal exam findings, imaging findings, and genetic test results were compiled and compared to national and international IRD cohorts. The known ethnic groups included White (64%), African American or Black (30%), Hispanic (3%), and Asian (2%). The most prevalent dystrophies identified clinically were non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (29.8%), Stargardt disease (8.3%), Usher syndrome (8.3%), cone-rod dystrophy (8.0%), cone dystrophy (4.9%), and Leber congenital amaurosis (4.3%). Of the 101 patients (31.1%) with genetic testing, 54 (53.5%) had causative genetic variants identified. The most common pathogenic genetic variants were USH2A (n = 11), ABCA4 (n = 8), CLN3 (n = 7), and CEP290 (n = 3). Our study provides initial information characterizing IRDs within the diverse population of the southeastern US, which differs from national and international genetic and diagnostic trends with a relatively high proportion of retinitis pigmentosa in our African American or Black population and a relatively high frequency of USH2A pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Griffith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kareem Sioufi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Laurie Wilbanks
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - George N. Magrath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Emil A. T. Say
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Meg Wilkes
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Gurpur Shashidhar Pai
- Department of Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mae Millicent Winfrey Peterseim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-843-792-3758
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Woon PY, Chien JY, Wang JH, Chou YY, Lin MC, Huang SP. Prevalence and associated relating factors in patients with hereditary retinal dystrophy: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054111. [PMID: 35396285 PMCID: PMC8995947 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence, incidence and relating factors that are associated with hereditary retinal dystrophy (HRD) in Taiwan from 2000 to 2013. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This is a nationwide, population-based, retrospective case-control study using National Health Insurance Database. Study groups are patients with HRD as case group; age-matched patients without any diagnosis of HRD as control group. We enrolled 2418 study subjects, of which 403 were HRD patients. Important relating factors such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, stroke, hyperlipidaemia, asthma, depression and dementia are also included. EXPOSURE Patients diagnosed with HRD were retrieved from National Health Insurance Database. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES OR calculated between the relating factors and HRD for objects and stratified by age and sex group between 2000 and 2013. RESULTS Four hundred and three patients were included in the study group and 2015 in the control group. The incidence of HRD was 3.29/100 000, and the prevalence of HRD was 40.5/100 000 persons. The tendency of study group to have more cataract, cystoid macula oedema (CME) as compared with the control group. Among the subgroup with comorbidities, the relating factors such as hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease was significantly higher among HRD patients with age 55 and above. CONCLUSIONS 74% of the diagnosed HRD are retinitis pigmentosa. Population-based data suggested an increased incidence of cataract in younger patients, whereas older HRD patients are more susceptible to develop CME. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanism between these ophthalmological disorders and HRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yeong Woon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Chien
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Medical Center, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yau Chou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sallum JMF, Kaur VP, Shaikh J, Banhazi J, Spera C, Aouadj C, Viriato D, Fischer MD. Epidemiology of Mutations in the 65-kDa Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE65) Gene-Mediated Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: A Systematic Literature Review. Adv Ther 2022; 39:1179-1198. [PMID: 35098484 PMCID: PMC8918161 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-02036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) represent a genetically diverse group of progressive, visually debilitating diseases. Adult and paediatric patients with vision loss due to IRD caused by biallelic mutations in the 65-kDa retinal pigment epithelium (RPE65) gene are often clinically diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). This study aimed to understand the epidemiological landscape of RPE65 gene-mediated IRD through a systematic review of the literature, as the current evidence base for its epidemiology is very limited. METHODS Medline, Embase, and other databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology of RPE65 gene-mediated IRDs from inception until June 2021. Studies were included if they were original research articles reporting the epidemiology of RP and LCA and/or proportion of RPE65 gene mutations in these clinically diagnosed or molecularly confirmed IRDs patients. RESULTS A total of 100 studies with relevant data were included in this systematic review. The range for prevalence of LCA and RP in the literature was 1.20-2.37 and 11.09-26.43 per 100,000, respectively. The proportion of RPE65 mutations in clinically diagnosed patients with LCA was found to be between ~ 2-16% within the US and major European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK). This range was also comparable to our findings in the Asian region for RPE65-LCA (1.26-16.67%). Similarly, for these European countries, RPE65-RP was estimated between 0.23 and 1.94%, and RPE65-IRD range was 1.2-14%. Further, in the Americas region, mutations in RPE65 were reported to cause 1-3% of RP and 0.8-3.7% of IRD cases. Lastly, the RPE65-IRD range was 4.81-8% in the Middle East region. CONCLUSIONS There are significant variations in reporting of RPE65 proportions within countries as well as regions. Generating robust epidemiological evidence on RPE65 gene-mediated IRDs would be fundamental to support rare disease awareness, timely therapeutic intervention, and public health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M F Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Genética Ocular, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Dominik Fischer
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Sung YC, Yang CH, Yang CM, Lin CW, Huang DS, Huang YS, Hu FR, Chen PL, Chen TC. Genotypes Predispose Phenotypes-Clinical Features and Genetic Spectrum of ABCA4-Associated Retinal Dystrophies. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121421. [PMID: 33261146 PMCID: PMC7759801 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABCA4 gene is one of the most common disease-causing genes of inherited retinal degeneration. In this study, we report different phenotypes of ABCA4-associated retinal dystrophies in the Taiwanese population, its clinical progression, and its relationship with genetic characteristics. Thirty-seven subjects were recruited and all patients underwent serial ophthalmic examinations at a single medical center. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images were quantified for clinical evaluation, and panel-based next-generation sequencing testing was performed for genetic diagnosis. Visual preservation, disease progression, and genotype–phenotype correlation were analyzed. In this cohort, ABCA4-associated retinal degeneration presented as Stargardt disease 1 (STGD1, 62.16%), retinitis pigmentosa (32.43%), and cone-rod dystrophy (5.41%). STGD1 could be further divided into central and dispersed types. In each phenotype, the lesion areas quantified by FAF increased with age (p < 0.01) and correlated with poorer visual acuity. However, three patients had the foveal sparing phenotype and had relatively preserved visual acuity. Forty-two ABCA4 variants were identified as disease-causing, with c.1804C>T (p.Arg602Trp) the most frequent (37.84%). Patients with a combination of severe/null variants could have more extensive phenotypes, such as arRP and dispersed STGD1. This is the first cohort study of ABCA4-associated retinal degeneration in Taiwan with wide spectrums of both genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. An extremely high prevalence of c.1804C>T, which has not been reported in East Asia before, was noted. The extensiveness of retinal involvement might be regarded as a spectrum of ABCA4-associated retinal dystrophies. Different types of genetic variations could lead to distinctive phenotypes, according to the coding impact of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Sung
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (C.-M.Y.); (C.-W.L.); (D.-S.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (F.-R.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (C.-M.Y.); (C.-W.L.); (D.-S.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (F.-R.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (C.-M.Y.); (C.-W.L.); (D.-S.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (F.-R.H.)
| | - Ding-Siang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (C.-M.Y.); (C.-W.L.); (D.-S.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (F.-R.H.)
| | - Yu-Shu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (C.-M.Y.); (C.-W.L.); (D.-S.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (F.-R.H.)
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (C.-M.Y.); (C.-W.L.); (D.-S.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (F.-R.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-L.C.); (T.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 71942) (P.-L.C.); +886-2-23123456 (ext. 63783) (T.-C.C.); Fax: +886-2-23934420 (T.-C.C.)
| | - Ta-Ching Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (C.-M.Y.); (C.-W.L.); (D.-S.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (F.-R.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-L.C.); (T.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 71942) (P.-L.C.); +886-2-23123456 (ext. 63783) (T.-C.C.); Fax: +886-2-23934420 (T.-C.C.)
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Pontikos N, Murphy C, Moghul I, Arno G, Fujinami K, Fujinami Y, Sumodhee D, Downes S, Webster A, Yu J. Phenogenon: Gene to phenotype associations for rare genetic diseases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230587. [PMID: 32271766 PMCID: PMC7144978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As high-throughput sequencing is increasingly applied to the molecular diagnosis of rare Mendelian disorders, a large number of patients with diverse phenotypes have their genetic and phenotypic data pooled together to uncover new gene-phenotype relations. We introduce Phenogenon, a statistical tool that combines, Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) annotated patient phenotypes, gnomAD allele population frequency, and Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) score for variant pathogenicity, in order to jointly predict the mode of inheritance and gene-phenotype associations. We ran Phenogenon on our cohort of 3,290 patients who had undergone whole exome sequencing. Among the top associations, we recapitulated previously known, such as "SRD5A3—Abnormal full-field electroretinogram—recessive" and "GRHL2 –Nail dystrophy—recessive", and discovered one potentially novel, “RRAGA–Abnormality of the skin—dominant”. We also developed an interactive web interface available at https://phenogenon.phenopolis.org to visualise and explore the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Murphy
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ismail Moghul
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Arno
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Fujinami
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Public Health, Yokokawa Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dayyanah Sumodhee
- Queen Mary University, Mile End Road, Bethnal Green, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Webster
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Yu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Alzamil WM, Alshamlan FT, Alkhaldi HM, Almubaiyd AM, Alsaif AA, Alhamad JR, Alattas RH. Causes of blindness in a pediatric age group at a tertiary healthcare center in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2019; 40:1063-1066. [PMID: 31588488 PMCID: PMC6887872 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.10.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe causes of blindness and visual impairment (VI) in children in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A record-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Medical records of patients aged 2 to 16 years who were following up in the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinics, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia between September and December 2018 were reviewed. Causes of vision loss according to visual acuity (VA) with best correction were recorded. Blindness was defined as VA <20/400, VI as VA from 20/400 to 20/60, and visual loss as VA of ≤20/60. Results: Of 818 patients, 39% had visual loss, 22.9% were blind, and 71.2% had VI. Common etiologies of bilateral blindness were retinal dystrophy disease and Leber’s congenital amaurosis, whereas unilateral blindness was most common due to trauma and refractive error (RE). Common etiologies of bilateral VI were RE, esotropia, and retinal dystrophy. Unilateral VI was mainly due to RE, cataract, congenital esotropia, and trauma. Of all patients, 58.8% had treatable causes, 22.6% had preventable causes, and 19.5% had non-preventable and non-treatable causes; mostly genetic or congenital (59.7%) rather than acquired (40.2%). Conclusion: Genetic or congenital causes are major factors causing blindness. Most causes are treatable and preventable, emphasizing on early detection and treatment of those causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem M Alzamil
- Ophthalmology Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Abstract
This study was done to report the epidemiologic characteristics of medical retirement from the Republic of Korea (ROK) Army due to visual impairment and to suggest a practical screening system for the draft. The medical records of 423 eyes of 301 patients who retired from the ROK Army due to visual impairment were reviewed retrospectively between January 2010 and December 2014. The patients were grouped by the presence of trauma, and each group was subdivided by military rank. We analyzed demographic and ophthalmic data, including the etiology of ophthalmologic disease. The etiology was classified into 5 anatomical categories (ocular surface, lens, retina, optic nerve and extraocular visual pathway, and extraocular muscle and orbit), which were then subdivided into the type of disease. The mean age was 24.5 years, and non-traumatic mechanisms accounted for 81.1% (343/423 eyes) of medical retirements. Visual acuity was better in patients without trauma. In enlisted soldiers, disease in the optic nerve and extraocular visual pathway was the most common anatomical category (40.5%), and primary open angle glaucoma (30.8%), retinal dystrophy (18.3%), congenital cataract (14.5%), and retinal detachment (9.7%) were the four most common diseases. Most medical retirements due to visual impairment resulted from non-traumatic mechanisms, even though patients were young. The fundus examination and visual field test would be more useful tools than a conventional vision test for large-scale draft screening for the most common two disease types: primary open angle glaucoma and retinal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Jeong
- Chung-Ang University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeoun Sook Chun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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