1
|
Swaminathan S, Haribabu J, Mohamed Subarkhan MK, Gayathri D, Balakrishnan N, Bhuvanesh N, Echeverria C, Karvembu R. Impact of aliphatic acyl and aromatic thioamide substituents on the anticancer activity of Ru(II)- p-cymene complexes with acylthiourea ligands- in vitro and in vivo studies. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16311-16325. [PMID: 34730582 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Six different acylthiourea ligands (L1-L6) and their corresponding Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes (P1-P6) were designed to explore the structure-activity relationship of the complexes upon aliphatic chain and aromatic conjugation on the C- and N-terminals, respectively. The compounds were synthesized and adequately characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The structures of P2-P6, solved using single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirmed the neutral monodentate coordination of the S atoms of the acylthiourea ligands to Ru(II) ions. In silico studies showed an increase of lipophilicity for the ligands with an increase in alkyl chain length or aromatic conjugation at the C- or N-terminal, respectively. Subsequently, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were predicted as one of the primary targets for the complexes, which showed good binding affinity towards extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1, ERK2 and ERK5), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 of the MAPK pathway. Henceforth, the complexes were tested for their anticancer activity in lung carcinoma (A549) and cisplatin-resistant lung carcinoma (cisA549R) cells and human umbilical vein epithelial normal cells (HUVEC). Interestingly, an increase in chain length or aromatic conjugation led to an increase in the activity of the complexes, with P5 (7.73 and 13.04 μM) and P6 (6.52 and 14.45 μM) showing the highest activity in A549 and cisA549R cells, which is better than the positive control, cisplatin (8.72 and 44.28 μM). Remarkably, we report the highest activity yet observed for complexes of the type [(η6-p-cymene)RuIICl2(S-acylthiourea)] in the tested cell lines. Aqueous solution studies showed that complexes P5 and P6 are rapidly hydrolyzed to produce solely aquated species that remained stable for 24 h. Staining assays and flow cytometric analyses of P5 and P6 in A549 cells revealed that the complexes induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle predominantly in the S phase. In vivo studies demonstrated the higher toxicity of cisplatin and a comparatively higher survival rate of mice injected with the most active complex P6. Histological analyses revealed that treatment with P6 at high doses of up to 8 mg kg-1 did not cause any palpable damage to the tested organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, 1532502 Copiapo, Chile
| | - Mohamed Kasim Mohamed Subarkhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Dasararaju Gayathri
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Nithya Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, 1532502 Copiapo, Chile
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Zhu X, Ma L, Lin A, Gong Y, Yuan G, Liu J. A core-shell structure QRu-PLGA-RES-DS NP nanocomposite with photothermal response-induced M2 macrophage polarization for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Nanoscale 2019; 11:18209-18223. [PMID: 31560010 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by autoimmunity; for the effective treatment of RA while avoiding the side effects of conventional drugs, we have proposed a new therapeutic strategy to eliminate the inflammatory response in RA by regulating the immune system that promotes the transformation of M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages. Herein, we designed and synthesized a core-shell nanocomposite (QRu-PLGA-RES-DS NPs), which showed an effective therapeutic effect on RA by accurately inducing the polarization of M2 macrophages. In this system, the quadrilateral ruthenium nanoparticles (QRuNPs) with a photothermal effect were utilized as a core and the thermosensitive molecular poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) modified with the targeted molecule dextran sulfate (DS) was employed as a shell. Then, the nanocarrier QRu-PLGA-DS NPs effectively improved the water solubility and targeting of resveratrol (RES) through self-assembly. Therefore, the QRu-PLGA-RES-DS NPs significantly enhanced the ability of RES to reverse the M1 type macrophages to the M2 type macrophages through an accurate release. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that the QRu-PLGA-RES-DS NPs could effectively accumulate in the lesion area with an exogenous stimulus, and this significantly enhanced the transformation of the M2 type macrophages and decreased the recruitment of the M1 type macrophages. Furthermore, the QRu-PLGA-RES-DS NPs effectively treated RA by eliminating the inflammatory response; in addition, photoacoustic imaging (PA) of the QRu NPs provided image guidance for the distribution and analysis of nanomedicine in inflammatory tissues. Hence, this therapeutic strategy promotes the biological applications of Ru-based nanoparticles in disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, 510632, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu X, Zhou H, Liu Y, Wen Y, Wei C, Yu Q, Liu J. Transferrin/aptamer conjugated mesoporous ruthenium nanosystem for redox-controlled and targeted chemo-photodynamic therapy of glioma. Acta Biomater 2018; 82:143-157. [PMID: 30316026 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and low targeting are major obstacles for the treatment of gliomas. Accordingly, overcoming the BBB and enhancing the targeting of drugs to the glioma area are key to achieving a good therapeutic effect. Here, we have developed the mesoporous ruthenium nanosystem RBT@MRN-SS-Tf/Apt with dual targeting function. Transferrin (Tf) and aptamer AS1411 (Apt) are grafted on the surfaces of mesoporous ruthenium nanoparticles (MRN) with high loading capacity. This is achieved via redox-cleavable disulfide bonds, serving as both a capping agent and a targeting ligand, enabling the effective penetration of the blood-brain barrier and targeting the glioma. In addition, RBT@MRN-SS-Tf/Apt can specifically kill glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, anti-tumor drugs [Ru(bpy)2(tip)]2+ (RBT) will produce reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis of tumor cells under laser irradiation, providing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of gliomas, and further prolonging the median survival period. The study shows that this chemical photodynamic therapy nanosystem can be used as an efficient and powerful synergistic system for the treatment of brain tumors and other brain diseases of the central nervous system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In order to overcome the blood-brain barrier and low targeting, and enhance the anti-glioma activities of nanodrugs. We have developed RBT@MRN-SS-Tf/Apt with dual targeting function. It is achieved release drug via redox-cleavable disulfide bonds, and enable the effective penetration of the blood-brain barrier and targeting the glioma. Moreover, anti-tumor drugs RBT will produce reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis of tumor cells under laser irradiation, providing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of gliomas, and further prolonging the median survival period. Therefore, this chemical photodynamic therapy nanosystem can be used as an efficient and powerful synergistic system for the treatment of brain tumors and other brain diseases of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yayu Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunfang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu Z, Huang FY, Cao R, Zhang L, Tan GH, He N, Huang J, Wang G, Zhang Z. Long Blood Residence and Large Tumor Uptake of Ruthenium Sulfide Nanoclusters for Highly Efficient Cancer Photothermal Therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41571. [PMID: 28139763 PMCID: PMC5282482 DOI: 10.1038/srep41571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal sulfide (TMS) holds great potential in cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) because of the high absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The short blood circulation time and limited tumor accumulation of TMS-based photothermal agents, however, limit their applications. Herein, we design a novel TMS-based PTT agent, ruthenium sulfide-based nanoclusters (NCs), to overcome the current limitations. We firstly develop a simple method to prepare oleic acid coated ruthenium sulfide nanodots (OA-RuS1.7 NDs) and assemble them into water-soluble NCs via sequentially coating with denatured bovine serum albumin (dBSA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The obtained PEG-dBSA-RuS1.7 NCs possess excellent photothermal conversion ability. More significantly, they exhibit enhanced blood circulation time and tumor-targeting efficiency in vivo compared with other TMS-based PTT nanoagents, which may be attributed to their appropriate hydrodynamic diameter (~70 nm) and an ideal charge (~0 mV). These characteristics help the PEG-dBSA-RuS1.7 NCs to escape the removal by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and kidney. All these advantages enable the PEG-dBSA-RuS1.7 NCs to selectively concentrate in tumor sites and effectively ablate the cancer cells upon NIR irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Feng-ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd., Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guang-hong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Nongyue He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huntosova V, Gay S, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Rajendran SK, Zellweger M, van den Bergh H, Wagnières G. In vivo measurement of tissue oxygenation by time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy: advantageous properties of dichlorotris(1, 10-phenanthroline)-ruthenium(II) hydrate. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:77004. [PMID: 25036215 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.077004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Measuring tissue oxygenation in vivo is of interest in fundamental biological as well as medical applications. One minimally invasive approach to assess the oxygen partial pressure in tissue (pO2) is to measure the oxygen-dependent luminescence lifetime of molecular probes. The relation between tissue pO2 and the probes’ luminescence lifetime is governed by the Stern-Volmer equation. Unfortunately, virtually all oxygen-sensitive probes based on this principle induce some degree of phototoxicity. For that reason, we studied the oxygen sensitivity and phototoxicity of dichlorotris(1, 10-phenanthroline)-ruthenium(II) hydrate [Ru(Phen)] using a dedicated optical fiber–based, time-resolved spectrometer in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. We demonstrated that, after intravenous injection, Ru(Phen)’s luminescence lifetime presents an easily detectable pO2 dependence at a low drug dose (1 mg∕kg) and low fluence (120 mJ∕cm2 at 470 nm). The phototoxic threshold was found to be at 10 J∕cm2 with the same wavelength and drug dose, i.e., about two orders of magnitude larger than the fluence necessary to perform a pO2 measurement. Finally, an illustrative application of this pO2 measurement approach in a hypoxic tumor environment is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Huntosova
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Gay
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandbUniversity Hospital (CHUV), Department of Urology, BH-10, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Senthil Kumar Rajendran
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert van den Bergh
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georges Wagnières
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang PP, Liu HP, Zhao QY, Chen YL, Liu B, Zhang BP, Zheng Q. [Toxicology and tissue distribution of Ruthenium (II) CO-releasing molecules and its interaction with endogenous substances]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:1677-1687. [PMID: 24475705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide has been proved to be an important signal molecule in body. Transition metal carbonyl compounds are solidified form of carbon monoxide. Numerous studies have shown that Ruthenium carbonyl carbon monoxide releasing molecules have a strong pharmacological activity. In this paper, five Ruthenium (II) carbonyl CORMs 1-5 were synthesized and their toxicology, tissue distribution and interaction with blood endogenous substances were investigated. The results showed CORMs' IC50 to fibroblasts are ranged from 212.9 to 2089.2 micromol x L(-1). Their oral LD50 to mouse is between 800 to 1600 mg x kg(-1). After repeated administration, CORMs 1 and CORMs 5 haven't shown an obvious influence to rats' liver and kidney function, but caused the injury to liver and kidney cells. The in vivo distribution result revealed the majority of CORMs were distributed in blood, liver and kidney, only a small part of CORMs distributed in lung, heart and spleen. They could scarcely cross the blood-brain barrier and distribute to brain. The non-CO ligands in structure have an obvious relevance to their in vivo absorption and distribution. Interestingly, CORMs could enhance the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin, and this enhancement was in direct proportion with the concentration of CORMs. Under different conditions, interaction of CORMs with glutathione got different type of products, one is Ruthenium (II) tricarbonyl complexes, and Ruthenium (II) dicarbonyl complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-peng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Hua-peng Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Quan-yi Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, China
| | | | - Bin Liu
- School ofStomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bao-ping Zhang
- School ofStomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- School ofStomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ocakoglu K, Yildirim Y, Yurt Lambrecht F, Ocal J, Icli S. Biological investigation of 131I-labeled new water soluble Ru(II) polypyridyl complex. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:115-21. [PMID: 17913501 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
New [Ru(L1)(dcbpy)(NCS)2] complex was synthesized in a one-pot reaction starting from [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2, where the ligands (dcbpy=4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, L1=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-11-ylcarbonyl)-sodium) are introduced sequentially. The resulting complex was characterized by IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The complex was labeled with I-131. Biodistribution study of the complex was carried out using 131I-labeled [Ru(L1)(dcbpy)(NCS)2] complex. The biodistribution study performed with albino Wistar male rats has shown that the complex has high uptake in the lung, small intestine, fat, and spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Ocakoglu
- Solar Energy Institute, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
André-Barrès C, Baltas M, Massou S. 13C-NMR Study of the Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Degradation of Labeled G-Factor Endoperoxides: Proposal of a Likely Biogenetic Pathway and Evidence for CO2 Release. Chem Biodivers 2006; 3:349-58. [PMID: 17193272 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
G-factor endoperoxides are natural products acting as phytohormones and contribute to root inhibition and frost resistance in Eucalyptus grandis and other Myrtaceae. Several (Z)- and (E)-configured cyclopentane-1,3-dione metabolites of G-factors have been found in some Eucalyptus extracts. Interestingly, these probable metabolites are identical to the products obtained by Ru(II)-catalyzed reduction of G-factors. In the present work, we, thus, studied the mechanism involved in the formation of these compounds by means of in-depth NMR distribution analysis of two differently 13C-labeled G3-factors. The observed CO2 release is underlined, and a comparison with the corresponding Fe(II)-induced degradation of G-factor endoperoxides is made. Also, the type of electron transfer proposed in the two processes is discussed and, tentatively, connected to the role of endoperoxides in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane André-Barrès
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et de Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique UMR CNRS 5068, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 04.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Willey NJ, Fawcett K. Inter-taxa differences in root uptake of 103/106Ru by plants. J Environ Radioact 2006; 86:227-40. [PMID: 16256252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-106 is of potential radioecological importance but soil-to-plant Transfer Factors for it are available only for few plant species. A Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure was used to construct a database of relative (103/106)Ru concentrations in 114 species of flowering plants including 106 species from experiments and 12 species from the literature (with 4 species in both). An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), coded using a recent phylogeny for flowering plants, was used to identify a significant phylogenetic effect on relative mean (103/106)Ru concentrations in flowering plants. There were differences of 2,465-fold in the concentration to which plant species took up (103/106)Ru. Thirty-nine percent of the variance in inter-species differences could be ascribed to the taxonomic level of Order or above. Plants in the Orders Geraniales and Asterales had notably high uptake of (103/106)Ru compared to other plant groups. Plants on the Commelinoid monocot clades, and especially the Poaceae, had notably low uptake of (103/106)Ru. These data demonstrate that plant species are not independent units for (103/106)Ru concentrations but are linked through phylogeny. It is concluded that models of soil-to-plant transfer of (103/106)Ru should assume that; neither soil variables alone affect transfer nor plant species are independent units, and taking account of plant phylogeny might aid predictions of soil-to-plant transfer of (103/106)Ru, especially for species for which Transfer Factors are not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Willey
- Centre for Research in Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Westerlund F, Wilhelmsson LM, Nordén B, Lincoln P. Monitoring the DNA Binding Kinetics of a Binuclear Ruthenium Complex by Energy Transfer: Evidence for Slow Shuffling. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21140-4. [PMID: 16853738 DOI: 10.1021/jp0534838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The semirigid binuclear ruthenium complex Delta,Delta-[mu-(11,11'-bidppz)(phen)(4)Ru(2)](4+) has been shown to rearrange slowly from an initial groove-bound nonluminescent state to a final intercalated emissive state by threading one of its bulky Ru(phen)(2) moieties through the DNA base stack. When this complex binds to poly[d(A-T)(2)], a further increase in emission from the complex is observed after completion of the intercalation, assigned to reorganization of the intercalated complex. We here report a study of the threading process in poly[d(A-T)(2)], in which the minor groove binding dye DAPI is used as an energy transfer probe molecule to assess the distribution of ruthenium complex during and also after the actual threading phase. The emission from DAPI is found to change with the same rate as the emission from the ruthenium complex, and furthermore, DAPI does not disturb the binding kinetics of the latter, justifying it as a good probe of both the threading and the reorganization processes. We conclude from the change in the emission from both DAPI and the ruthenium complex with time that DAPI-ruthenium interactions are most pronounced during the process of threading of the complex, suggesting that the complexes are initially threaded slightly anticooperatively and thereafter redistribute along the DNA to reach their thermodynamically most favorable distribution. The final distribution is characterized by a small but significant binding cooperativity, probably as a result of hydrophobic interactions between the complex ions despite their tetravalent positive charges. The mechanism of "shuffling" the complex along the DNA chain is discussed, i.e., whether the ruthenium complex remains threaded (requiring sequential base-pair openings) or if unthreading followed by lateral diffusion within the ionic atmosphere of the DNA and rethreading occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Westerlund
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zanichelli PG, Miotto AM, Estrela HFG, Soares FR, Grassi-Kassisse DM, Spadari-Bratfisch RC, Castellano EE, Roncaroli F, Parise AR, Olabe JA, de Brito ARMS, Franco DW. The [Ru(Hedta)NO](0.1-) system: structure, chemical reactivity and biological assays. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 98:1921-32. [PMID: 15522418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The [Ru(II)(Hedta)NO(+)] complex is a diamagnetic species crystallizing in a distorted octahedral geometry, with the Ru-N(O) length 1.756(4) A and the RuNO angle 172.3(4) degrees . The complex contains one protonated carboxylate (pK(a)=2.7+/-0.1). The [Ru(II)(Hedta)NO(+)] complex undergoes a nitrosyl-centered one-electron reduction (chemical or electrochemical), with E(NO+/NO)=-0.31 V vs SCE (I=0.2 M, pH 1), yielding [Ru(II)(Hedta)NO](-), which aquates slowly: k(-NO)=2.1+/-0.4x10(-3) s(-1) (pH 1.0, I=0.2 M, CF(3)COOH/NaCF(3)COO, 25 degrees C). At pHs>12, the predominant species, [Ru(II)(edta)NO](-), reacts according to [Ru(II)(edta)NO](-)+2OH(-)-->[Ru(II)(edta)NO(2)](3-), with K(eq)=1.0+/-0.4 x 10(3) M(-2) (I=1.0 M, NaCl; T=25.0+/-0.1 degrees C). The rate-law is first order in each of the reactants for most reaction conditions, with k(OH(-))=4.35+/-0.02 M(-1)s(-1) (25.0 degrees C), assignable mechanistically to the elementary step comprising the attack of one OH(-) on [Ru(II)(edta)NO](-), with subsequent fast deprotonation of the [Ru(II)(edta)NO(2)H](2-) intermediate. The activation parameters were DeltaH(#)=60+/-1 kJ/mol, DeltaS(#)=-31+/-3 J/Kmol, consistent with a nucleophilic addition process between likely charged ions. In the toxicity up-and-down tests performed with Swiss mice, no death was observed in all the doses administered (3-9.08 x 10(-5) mol/kg). The biodistribution tests performed with Wistar male rats showed metal in the liver, kidney, urine and plasma. Eight hours after the injection no metal was detected in the samples. The vasodilator effect of [Ru(II)(edta)NO](-) was studied in aortic rings without endothelium, and was compared with sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The times of maximal effects of [Ru(II)(edta)NO](-) and SNP were 2 h and 12 min, respectively, suggesting that [Ru(II)(edta)NO](-) releases NO slowly to the medium in comparison with SNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Graça Zanichelli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, CEP: 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Whilst nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as one of the most versatile and ubiquitous molecules in the human body with a diverse range of physiological functions, dysfunction in NO biosynthesis or metabolism has led to the pathogenesis of a number of disease states. A variety of therapeutic strategies have therefore emerged that either reduce or increase endogenous NO levels depending on the disease pathology. The predominant strategy to date to reduce levels of NO is to utilise specific isoform selective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases, the enzymes responsible for NO biosynthesis. An alternative line of attack, not related to specificity for a particular enzyme, but rather on compartmental localisation and pharmacokinetics, is to remove or scavenge the excess NO responsible for the disease pathology. In this regard, a number of NO scavenger molecules have demonstrated pharmacological activity across a broad spectrum of disease states. This review will highlight the rationale behind the development, and the current state of play, of one such class of NO scavengers, complexes of the d-block transition metal ruthenium. Prior to this, a brief overview of the remarkable diversity of NO, both from a chemical and biological viewpoint, will be provided for perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine J Marmion
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Velders AH, Bergamo A, Alessio E, Zangrando E, Haasnoot JG, Casarsa C, Cocchietto M, Zorzet S, Sava G. Synthesis and Chemical−Pharmacological Characterization of the Antimetastatic NAMI-A-Type Ru(III) Complexes (Hdmtp)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(dmtp)], (Na)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(dmtp)], and [mer-RuCl3(H2O)(dmso-S)(dmtp)] (dmtp = 5,7-Dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine). J Med Chem 2004; 47:1110-21. [PMID: 14971891 DOI: 10.1021/jm030984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds have gained large interest for their potential application as chemotherapeutic agents, and in particular the complexes of the type (X)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)L] (X = HL or Na, NAMI-A or NAMI, respectively, for L = imidazole) are under investigation for their antimetastatic properties. The NAMI(-A)-like compounds are prodrugs that hydrolyze in vivo, and the investigation of their hydrolytic properties is therefore important for determining the nature of the potential active species. The NAMI-A-type Ru(III) complex 1, (Hdmtp)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(dmtp)] (dmtp is 5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), and the corresponding sodium analogue 2, (Na)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(dmtp)], were synthesized. The hydrolyses of 1 and 2 in water as well as in buffered solutions were studied, and the first hydrolysis product, [mer-RuCl3(H2O)(dmso-S)(dmtp)].H2O (3), was isolated and characterized. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and prove the importance of the hydrogen-bonding properties of dmtp to stabilize hydrolysis products. In vitro 1 (a) is not cytotoxic on tumor cells, following challenges from 1 to 72 h and concentrations up to 100 microM, (b) inhibits matrigel invasion at 0.1 mM and MMP-9 activity with an IC50 of about 1 mM, and (c) is devoid of pronounced effects on cell distribution among cell cycle phases. In vivo compound 1, similar to NAMI-A, significantly inhibits metastasis growth in mice bearing advanced MCa mammary carcinoma tumors. In the lungs, 1 is significantly less concentrated than NAMI-A, whereas no differences between these two compounds were found in other organs such as tumor, liver, and kidney. However, 1 caused edema and necrotic areas on liver parenchyma that are more pronounced than those caused by NAMI-A. Conversely, glomerular and tubular changes on kidney are less extensive than with NAMI-A. In conclusion, 1 confirms the excellent antimetastatic properties of this class of NAMI-A-type compounds and qualifies as an interesting alternative to NAMI-A for treating human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldrik H Velders
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Veronese I, Giussani A, Cantone MC, Birattari C, Bonardi M, Groppi F, Höllriegl V, Roth P, Werner E. Influence of the chemical form on the plasma clearance of ruthenium in humans. Appl Radiat Isot 2004; 60:7-13. [PMID: 14687630 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The radioisotopes of ruthenium (103Ru and 106Ru) are abundant fission products and represent a radiological risk for the population in case of nuclear accidents. Few biokinetic studies have been performed on humans up to now and consequently the current model recommended by ICRP for ruthenium is derived mainly by extrapolation from animal data. The stable isotope 101Ru and proton activation analysis have been used to study the biokinetics of Ru in blood plasma samples taken during 8 studies in three healthy volunteers. The results obtained demonstrated that complexed Ru (in the form of citrate Ru(IV) complexes) is cleared from blood plasma very rapidly (characteristic half time of 17+/-2 min), while inorganic Ru remains longer in the systemic circulation, and is transferred to other organs and/or excreted with a biological half time of 23+/-2h. Good reproducibility of the clearance curves indicated no evidence of inter- or intra-individual variability when the same Ru solution was injected in repeated experiments to different subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Veronese
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sezione di Fisica Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bouma M, Nuijen B, Jansen MT, Sava G, Flaibani A, Bult A, Beijnen JH. A kinetic study of the chemical stability of the antimetastatic ruthenium complex NAMI-A. Int J Pharm 2002; 248:239-46. [PMID: 12429477 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
NAMI-A is a novel ruthenium complex with selective activity against cancer metastases currently in Phase I clinical trials in The Netherlands. The chemical stability of this new agent was investigated utilizing a stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic assay with ultraviolet detection and ultraviolet/visible light spectrophotometry. The degradation kinetics of NAMI-A were studied as a function of pH, buffer composition, and temperature. Degradation of NAMI-A follows first-order kinetics at pH<6 and zero-order kinetics at pH > or =6. A pH-rate profile, employing rate constants extrapolated to zero buffer concentration, was constructed, demonstrating that NAMI-A is most stable in pH region 3-4. The degradation rate is not significantly affected by specific buffer components. Storage temperature strongly influences the degradation rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Bouma
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bouma M, Nuijen B, Sava G, Perbellini A, Flaibani A, van Steenbergen MJ, Talsma H, Kettenes-van den Bosch JJ, Bult A, Beijnen JH. Pharmaceutical development of a parenteral lyophilized formulation of the antimetastatic ruthenium complex NAMI-A. Int J Pharm 2002; 248:247-59. [PMID: 12429478 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a stable pharmaceutical dosage form for NAMI-A, a novel antimetastatic ruthenium complex, for Phase I testing. NAMI-A drug substance was characterized using several spectrometric and chromatographic techniques. In preformulation studies, it was found that NAMI-A in aqueous solution was not stable enough to allow sterilization by moist heat. The effect of several excipients on the stability of the formulation solution was investigated. None of them provided sufficient stability to allow long-term storage of an aqueous solution of NAMI-A. Therefore, a lyophilized product was developed. Five different formulations were prepared and subjected to thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and stability studies at various conditions for 1 year. Minimal degradation during the production process is achieved with a formulation solution of pH 3-4. Of the acids tested, only hydrochloric acid (HCl 0.1 mM) both stabilized the formulation solution and was compatible with the lyophilized product. This product was stable for at least 1 year when stored at -20 degrees C, 25 degrees C/60% relative humidity (RH) and 40 degrees C/75% RH, and was also photostable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bouma
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Onfelt B, Göstring L, Lincoln P, Nordén B, Onfelt A. Cell studies of the DNA bis-intercalator Delta-Delta [mu-C4(cpdppz)(2)-(phen)(4)Ru(2)](4+): toxic effects and properties as a light emitting DNA probe in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Mutagenesis 2002; 17:317-20. [PMID: 12110628 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/17.4.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination complexes of type [Ru(L)(3)](2+), where L is a nitrogen-containing aromatic bidentate ligand, can often be photolytically reduced, making them useful in studies of DNA- or protein-mediated electron transfer and in artifical photosynthesis model systems. Upon binding to DNA some Ru(L) complexes have been found to display strongly increased fluorescence compared with when free in solution, making those compounds interesting to test as DNA probes. Thus, they are becoming widely used in the chemistry community. Here, asynchronous cultures of V79 Chinese hamster cells were exposed to the DNA bis-intercalator Delta-Delta [mu-C4(cpdppz)(2)-(phen)(4)Ru(2)](4+) at 10(-10)-10(-4) M. The extraordinarily strong binding of the compound to DNA was the reason for testing its possible interference with DNA metabolism in intact mammalian cells. Exposure for 1 h to 10(-10)-10(-4) M did not significantly decrease DNA synthesis. Cells exposed to 10(-5) M for 27 h showed no staining of the nucleus, while DNA was stained in cells electroporated in the presence of the compound. However, the Ru dimer was probably taken up by pinocytosis, because numerous minute precipitates could be observed in the cytoplasm. Treatment for 24 h at concentrations of 10(-10)-10(-5) M did not inhibit growth, as indicated by cell density and mitotic activity. Neither did it affect chromosomal arrangements during mitosis. However, at 10(-4) M the density of cultures was reduced by approximately 45% and apoptotic cells were frequent, as opposed to mitoses. We also investigated the properties of the Ru dimer as a fluorescent DNA stain. The compound appears attractive as a red DNA stain when broad excitation in the visible range is desirable and extremely low background staining is essential. The low toxicity of the compound is a favourable trait in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Onfelt
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Veronese I, Giussani A, Cantone MC, de Bartolo D, Roth P, Werner E. Kinetics of systemic ruthenium in human blood using a stable tracer. J Radiol Prot 2001; 21:31-38. [PMID: 11281527 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/21/1/303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The biokinetics of ruthenium after oral and intravenous administration has been investigated in two human subjects using the stable isotope 101Ru as a tracer. Tracer concentrations in blood plasma have been determined using activation analysis with protons. The results presented here prove that the stable tracer technique is a valuable tool for obtaining relevant information about the biokinetics of ruthenium in humans. From these pilot studies, it may be argued that the clearance of systemic ruthenium from plasma is significantly slower than the predictions of the biokinetic model currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The experimental data for the orally administered tracer, which reflect the gastrointestinal absorption process, differ from the curve derived from the ICRP model, suggesting that the uptake into the systemic circulation may be lower than predicted. On the basis of these preliminary data, investigations on a larger number of subjects with improvements in the experimental design are scheduled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Veronese
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Crul M, van den Bongard HJ, Tibben MM, van Tellingen O, Sava G, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH. Validated method for the determination of the novel organo-ruthenium anticancer drug NAMI-A in human biological fluids by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2001; 369:442-5. [PMID: 11270226 DOI: 10.1007/s002160000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NAMI-A is a novel ruthenium-containing experimental anticancer agent. We have developed and validated a rapid and sensitive analytical method to determine NAMI-A in human plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate and urine using atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman correction. The sample pretreatment procedure is straightforward, involving only dilution with an appropriate hydrochloric acid buffer-solution. Because the response signal of the spectrometer depended on the composition of the sample matrix, in particular on the amount of human plasma in the sample, all unknown samples were diluted to match the matrix composition in which the standard line was prepared (plasma-buffer 1:10 v/v). This procedure enabled the measurement of samples of different biological matrices in a single run. The validated range of determination was 1.1-220 microM NAMI-A for plasma and urine, and 0.22-44 microM for plasma ultrafiltrate. The lower limit of detection was 0.85 microM in plasma and urine and 0.17 microM in plasma ultrafiltrate. The lower limit of quantitation was 1.1 and 0.22 microM, respectively. The performance of the method, in terms of precision and accuracy was according to the generally accepted criteria for validation of analytical methodologies. The applicability of the method was demonstrated in a patient who was treated in a pharmacokinetic phase I trial with intravenous NAMI-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Crul
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cocchietto M, Sava G. Blood concentration and toxicity of the antimetastasis agent NAMI-A following repeated intravenous treatment in mice. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000; 87:193-7. [PMID: 11129497 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-73.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
NAMI-A is a new generation antitumour ruthenium-based agent and characterised by strong efficacy against lung metastases of experimental solid tumours in mice. The effects of intravenous administration of 15, 35 and 50 mg/kg/day of NAMI-A for 5 consecutive days on blood concentration and host toxicity were tested on Swiss CD1 male and female mice. The blood concentration of NAMI-A, both after the first injection and at the end of the 5-day treatment fell rapidly and 5 min. after the last injection it was always below 10% of the administered dose. Kinetic parameters, calculated at the end of the 5-day treatment cycle according to a mono-compartment model (fitting with R2=0.9), indicate a t 1/2 of about 18 hr. Toxicity i) was observed only at the highest dose used (50 mg/kg/day), ii) was greater in females than in males, iii) in mice which survived treatment was completely reversed within 3-weeks of the end of the treatment. Haematological examinations, clinical chemistry data and histopathologic studies were consistent in terms of the effect on host lymphoid tissues, consisting in spleen and lymph node depletion and in a general increase of circulating leukocytes. Data on ruthenium organ retention confirm lack of brain penetration and a relatively high lung concentration which might account for the remarkable effect on lung metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cocchietto
- Institutes of Biological Research, Callerio Foundation, Trieste, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sava G, Clerici K, Capozzi I, Cocchietto M, Gagliardi R, Alessio E, Mestroni G, Perbellini A. Reduction of lung metastasis by ImH[trans-RuCl4(DMSO)Im]: mechanism of the selective action investigated on mouse tumors. Anticancer Drugs 1999; 10:129-38. [PMID: 10194556 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199901000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
NAMI-A (imidazolium trans-imidazoledimethylsulfoxidetetrachlororuthenate, ImH[trans-RuCl4(DMSO)Im]) is a new ruthenium compound active against lung metastasis of solid metastasizing tumors. We have tested this compound in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma or MCa mammary carcinoma in order to compare the effects on primary tumor and lung metastases with possible alterations of cell cycle distribution of tumor cells. We have also investigated whether there were unequal tissue accumulations of the compound itself at different dose levels ranging from 17.5 to 70 mg/kg/day given for six consecutive days. NAMI-A caused a reduction of metastasis weight larger than that of metastasis number; we explain this finding as the capacity of NAMI-A to selectively interfere with the growth of metastases already settled in the lungs. However, this specificity is not simply related to a larger concentration of NAMI-A in the lungs than in other tissues. Following i.p. treatment, NAMI-A rapidly disappeared from the peritoneal cavity; its low blood concentration may be caused by rapid renal clearance. These data provide further evidence for a selective anti-metastasis effect of the ruthenium complex NAMI-A. The reduction of lung metastasis is followed by a significant prolongation of the host's life-time expectancy, indicating a therapeutic benefit of NAMI-A on lung metastases from solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sava
- Callerio Foundation, Institutes of Biological Research, University of Trieste, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Giussani A, Heinrichs U, Roth P, Werner E, Schramel P, Wendler I. Biokinetic studies in humans with stable isotopes as tracers. Part 1: A methodology for incorporation of trace metals into vegetables. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 1998; 34:291-296. [PMID: 9919681 DOI: 10.1080/10256019808234062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism and biokinetics of trace metals in humans can be successfully studied employing stable isotopes of the investigated elements as tracers. For the estimation of the bioavailability and the intestinal absorption from solid food, materials are required which have been intrinsically labelled with the chosen stable tracer, since the use of an extrinsic label may lead to erroneous results. Here a technique for producing intrinsically labelled vegetables is presented and optimized with regard to molybdenum, gadolinium and ruthenium, elements of interest in the field of radiation protection and/or nutrition. These feasibility studies were aimed to determine the most favourable conditions for the production of vegetables containing the selected tracers in amounts high enough to enable successful biokinetic studies in humans. In this optimization study the natural elements were used instead of the more expensive stable isotopes. Mo is readily absorbed both into cress (Lepidium sativum) and into french beans (Phaseolus vulg. var. nanus). Gd uptake into cress is moderate, while Ru may be easily and successfully incorporated only into sprouts of mung beans (Vigna radiata).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Giussani
- GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ando A, Ando I, Hiraki T, Hisada K. Distribution of 103Ru-chloride in tumor-bearing animals and the mechanism for accumulation in tumor and liver. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 1988; 15:133-40. [PMID: 3366616 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(88)90079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor uptake rates of 103Ru-chloride were smaller than those for 67Ga-citrate. In three tumors and liver, 103Ru in the mitochondrial fraction containing lysosome increased with time after the administration of 103Ru-chloride. The concentration of 103Ru was more dominant in connective tissue (especially inflammatory tissue) than in viable tumor tissue or in necrotic tissue. Quite large amounts of 103Ru in the tumor and liver were bound to the acid mucopolysaccharide whose molecular masses exceeded 40,000. Behavior of this nuclide was essentially similar to that of 67Ga.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ando
- School of Allied Medical Professions, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|