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Loudon AH, Park J, Parfrey LW. Identifying the core microbiome of the sea star Pisaster ochraceus in the context of sea star wasting disease. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:6998556. [PMID: 36690340 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea stars are keystone species and their mass die-offs due to sea star wasting disease (SSWD) impact marine communities and have fueled recent interest in the microbiome of sea stars. We assessed the host specificity of the microbiome associated with three body regions of the sea star Pisaster ochraceus using 16S rRNA gene amplicon surveys of the bacterial communities living on and in Pisaster, their environment, and sympatric marine hosts across three populations in British Columbia, Canada. Overall, the bacterial communities on Pisaster are distinct from their environment and differ by both body region and geography. We identified core bacteria specifically associated with Pisaster across populations and nearly absent in other hosts and the environment. We then investigated the distribution of these core bacteria on SSWD-affected Pisaster from one BC site and by reanalyzing a study of SSWD on Pisaster from California. We find no differences in the distribution of core bacteria in early disease at either site and two core taxa differ in relative abundance in advanced disease in California. Using phylogenetic analyses, we find that most core bacteria have close relatives on other sea stars and marine animals, suggesting these clades have evolutionary adaptions to an animal-associated lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Loudon
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jungsoo Park
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Laura Wegener Parfrey
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Hakai Institute, PO Box 25039, Campbell River, BC V9W 0B7, Canada
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Wada N, Yuasa H, Kajitani R, Gotoh Y, Ogura Y, Yoshimura D, Toyoda A, Tang SL, Higashimura Y, Sweatman H, Forsman Z, Bronstein O, Eyal G, Thongtham N, Itoh T, Hayashi T, Yasuda N. A ubiquitous subcuticular bacterial symbiont of a coral predator, the crown-of-thorns starfish, in the Indo-Pacific. Microbiome 2020; 8:123. [PMID: 32831146 PMCID: PMC7444263 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci sensu lato; COTS), a primary predator of reef-building corals in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, are a major threat to coral reefs. While biological and ecological knowledge of COTS has been accumulating since the 1960s, little is known about its associated bacteria. The aim of this study was to provide fundamental information on the dominant COTS-associated bacteria through a multifaceted molecular approach. METHODS A total of 205 COTS individuals from 17 locations throughout the Indo-Pacific Ocean were examined for the presence of COTS-associated bacteria. We conducted 16S rRNA metabarcoding of COTS to determine the bacterial profiles of different parts of the body and generated a full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence from a single dominant bacterium, which we designated COTS27. We performed phylogenetic analysis to determine the taxonomy, screening of COTS27 across the Indo-Pacific, FISH to visualize it within the COTS tissues, and reconstruction of the bacterial genome from the hologenome sequence data. RESULTS We discovered that a single bacterium exists at high densities in the subcuticular space in COTS forming a biofilm-like structure between the cuticle and the epidermis. COTS27 belongs to a clade that presumably represents a distinct order (so-called marine spirochetes) in the phylum Spirochaetes and is universally present in COTS throughout the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The reconstructed genome of COTS27 includes some genetic traits that are probably linked to adaptation to marine environments and evolution as an extracellular endosymbiont in subcuticular spaces. CONCLUSIONS COTS27 can be found in three allopatric COTS species, ranging from the northern Red Sea to the Pacific, implying that the symbiotic relationship arose before the speciation events (approximately 2 million years ago). The universal association of COTS27 with COTS and nearly mono-specific association at least with the Indo-Pacific COTS provides a useful model system for studying symbiont-host interactions in marine invertebrates and may have applications for coral reef conservation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Wada
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No.128, Sec 2, Academia Rd, Nangang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hideaki Yuasa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Rei Kajitani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dai Yoshimura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No.128, Sec 2, Academia Rd, Nangang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yukihiro Higashimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hugh Sweatman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No.3, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Zac Forsman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Sciences & Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Coconut Island, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
| | - Omri Bronstein
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gal Eyal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Nina Yasuda
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Fang W, Wang X, Fang Z, Xiao Y. Pseudoruegeria marinistellae sp. nov., isolated from an unidentified starfish in Sanya, China. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:187-194. [PMID: 27770220 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A taxonomic study was carried out on a Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, and facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain designated as strain SF-16T, which was isolated from an unidentified starfish in Sanya, China. Strain SF-16T was found to be 5.0-7.0 μm long, and oxidase and catalase positive. Cell growth was observed at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum, 7.0-8.0), temperatures of 10-41 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), and salinities of 0-12 % (optimum, 3.0-6.0 %). The predominant fatty acids (>20 %) were found to be C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8). Ubiquinone 10 was identified as the predominant quinone for strain SF-16T. The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified lipids, and three unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain SF-16T was determined to be 63.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain SF-16T belongs to the genus Pseudoruegeria and is closely related to Pseudoruegeria sabulilitoris GJMS-35T (98.42 % similarity). The ANI value between strain SF-16T and P. sabulilitoris GJMS-35T was found to be 74.98 %, and DNA-DNA hybridization value was 21.1 ± 2.3 % in silico and 57 % in vitro. Based on the low level of the genetic relatedness, phylogenetic and phenotypic data, a novel species Pseudoruegeria marinistellae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SF-16T (=MCCC 1K01155T = KCTC 42910T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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Tangerina MMP, Correa H, Haltli B, Vilegas W, Kerr RG. Bioprospecting from cultivable bacterial communities of marine sediment and invertebrates from the underexplored Ubatuba region of Brazil. Arch Microbiol 2016; 199:155-169. [PMID: 27644133 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Shrimp fisheries along the Brazilian coast have significant environmental impact due to high by-catch rates (21 kg per kilogram of shrimp). Typically discarded, by-catch contains many invertebrates that may host a great variety of bacterial genera, some of which may produce bioactive natural products with biotechnological applications. Therefore, to utilize by-catch that is usually discarded we explored the biotechnological potential of culturable bacteria of two abundant by-catch invertebrate species, the snail Olivancillaria urceus and the sea star Luidia senegalensis. Sediment from the collection area was also investigated. Utilizing multiple isolation approaches, 134 isolates were obtained from the invertebrates and sediment. Small-subunit rRNA (16S) gene sequencing revealed that the isolates belonged to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla and were distributed among 28 genera. Several genera known for their capacity to produce bioactive natural products (Micromonospora, Streptomyces, Serinicoccus and Verrucosispora) were retrieved from the invertebrate samples. To query the bacterial isolates for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites, all strains were fermented and fermentation extracts profiled by UP LC-HRMS and tested for antimicrobial activity. Four strains exhibited antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus warneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M P Tangerina
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Coastal Campus, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, São Vicente, SP, P.O. Box 73601, 11380-972, Brazil
- Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara Campus. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Hebelin Correa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Brad Haltli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Coastal Campus, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, São Vicente, SP, P.O. Box 73601, 11380-972, Brazil
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Yan DF, Lan WJ, Wang KT, Huang L, Jiang CW, Li HJ. Two chlorinated benzofuran derivatives from the marine fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:621-622. [PMID: 25973491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine fungus Pseudallescheria boydii was isolated from the inner tissue of the starfish Acanthaster planci. This fungus was cultured in a high salinity glucose-peptone-yeast extract (GPY) medium. Two new chlorinated benzofuran derivatives, 6-chloro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5 hydroxybenzofuran (1) and 7-chloro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxybenzofuran (2), were obtained from the extract of the culture broth. Their structures were determined by analysis of the NMR and MS data.
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Liang WL, Le X, Li HJ, Yang XL, Chen JX, Xu J, Liu HL, Wang LY, Wang KT, Hu KC, Yang DP, Lan WJ. Exploring the chemodiversity and biological activities of the secondary metabolites from the marine fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5657-76. [PMID: 25421322 PMCID: PMC4245550 DOI: 10.3390/md12115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of fungal metabolites can be remarkably influenced by various cultivation parameters. To explore the biosynthetic potentials of the marine fungus, Neosartorya pseudofischeri, which was isolated from the inner tissue of starfish Acanthaster planci, glycerol-peptone-yeast extract (GlyPY) and glucose-peptone-yeast extract (GluPY) media were used to culture this fungus. When cultured in GlyPY medium, this fungus produced two novel diketopiperazines, neosartins A and B (1 and 2), together with six biogenetically-related known diketopiperazines,1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxopyrazino[1,2-a]indole (3), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-methylene-1,4-dioxopyrazino[1,2-a]indole (4), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1,3,4-trioxopyrazino[1,2-a] indole (5), 6-acetylbis(methylthio)gliotoxin (10), bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin (11), didehydrobisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin (12) and N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (6). However, a novel tetracyclic-fused alkaloid, neosartin C (14), a meroterpenoid, pyripyropene A (15), gliotoxin (7) and five known gliotoxin analogues, acetylgliotoxin (8), reduced gliotoxin (9), 6-acetylbis(methylthio)gliotoxin (10), bisdethiobis(methylthio) gliotoxin (11) and bis-N-norgliovictin (13), were obtained when grown in glucose-containing medium (GluPY medium). This is the first report of compounds 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 and 12 as naturally occurring. Their structures were determined mainly by MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The possible biosynthetic pathways of gliotoxin-related analogues and neosartin C were proposed. The antibacterial activity of compounds 2–14 and the cytotoxic activity of compounds 4, 5 and 7–13 were evaluated. Their structure-activity relationships are also preliminarily discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiu Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xiang-Ling Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Jun-Xiong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Huan-Liang Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Lai-You Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Kun-Teng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Kun-Chao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - De-Po Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Lan WJ, Liu W, Liang WL, Xu Z, Le X, Xu J, Lam CK, Yang DP, Li HJ, Wang LY. Pseudaboydins A and B: novel isobenzofuranone derivatives from marine fungus Pseudallescheria boydii associated with starfish Acanthaster planci. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4188-99. [PMID: 25026266 PMCID: PMC4113822 DOI: 10.3390/md12074188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel isobenzofuranone derivatives, pseudaboydins A (1) and B (2), along with five known compounds, including (R)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxybenzofuran (3), (R)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5-methoxybenzofuran (4), 3,3'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethyldiphenyl ether (5), 3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenoxy)-5-methylphenol (6) and (-)-regiolone (7), were isolated from the culture broth of the marine fungus, Pseudallescheria boydii, associated with the starfish, Acanthaster planci. Their structures were elucidated primarily based on NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of 1-4 were determined by CD spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of 1-4 were evaluated. Pseudaboydin A (1) showed moderate cytotoxic activity against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line SUNE1 and human glandular lung cancer cell line GLC82 with IC50 values of 37.1, 46.5 and 87.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wan-Ling Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zeng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xiu Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chi-Keung Lam
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - De-Po Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lai-You Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Xie ZL, Li HJ, Wang LY, Liang WL, Liu W, Lan WJ. Trichodermaerin, a new diterpenoid lactone from the marine fungus Trichoderma erinaceum associated with the sea star Acanthaster planci. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:67-68. [PMID: 23472462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichodermaerin (1), a novel diterpenoid lactone, together with the known compound, harziandione (2) were isolated from the culture broth of the fungus Trichoderma erinaceum associated with the sea star Acanthaster planci. Their structures were determined by analysis of the NMR and MS data. 1 was the Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase catalyzed oxidation product of 2. Compound 2 did not show cytotoxic activities against various cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Liang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Lan WJ, Zhao Y, Xie ZL, Liang LZ, Shao WY, Zhu LP, Yang DP, Zhu XF, Li HJ. Novel sorbicillin analogues from the marine fungus Trichoderma sp. associated with the seastar Acanthaster planci. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:1337-1340. [PMID: 23157004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel sorbicillinoid analogues, (4'Z)-sorbicillin (1) and (2S)-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-chroman-4-one (2), together with three known compounds, (2S)-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-2-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-chroman-4-one (3), sorbicillin (4), and 2',3'-dihydrosorbicillin (5), were isolated from the culture broth of the fungus Trichoderma sp. associated with the seastar Acanthaster planci. Their structures were determined by analysis of the NMR and MS data. Compound I was the first example with a Z-configuration of the C-4'/C-5' double bond in the sorbyl side chain. Compounds 2 and 3 were uncommon monomeric sorbicillinoids with a cyclic sorbyl chain. 2, 3 and 5 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against various cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Rivera-Posada JA, Pratchett M, Cano-Gomez A, Arango-Gomez JD, Owens L. Refined identification of Vibrio bacterial flora from Acanthasther planci based on biochemical profiling and analysis of housekeeping genes. Dis Aquat Organ 2011; 96:113-123. [PMID: 22013751 DOI: 10.3354/dao02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We used a polyphasic approach for precise identification of bacterial flora (Vibrionaceae) isolated from crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) from Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia) and Guam (U.S.A., Western Pacific Ocean). Previous 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis was useful to allocate and identify isolates within the Photobacterium, Splendidus and Harveyi clades but failed in the identification of Vibrio harveyi-like isolates. Species of the V harveyi group have almost indistinguishable phenotypes and genotypes, and thus, identification by standard biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene analysis is commonly inaccurate. Biochemical profiling and sequence analysis of additional topA and mreB housekeeping genes were carried out for definitive identification of 19 bacterial isolates recovered from sick and wild COTS. For 8 isolates, biochemical profiles and topA and mreB gene sequence alignments with the closest relatives (GenBank) confirmed previous 16S rRNA-based identification: V. fortis and Photobacterium eurosenbergii species (from wild COTS), and V natriegens (from diseased COTS). Further phylogenetic analysis based on topA and mreB concatenated sequences served to identify the remaining 11 V harveyi-like isolates: V. owensii and V. rotiferianus (from wild COTS), and V. owensii, V. rotiferianus, and V. harveyi (from diseased COTS). This study further confirms the reliability of topA-mreB gene sequence analysis for identification of these close species, and it reveals a wider distribution range of the potentially pathogenic V. harveyi group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rivera-Posada
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4812, Australia.
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Beleneva IA, Zhukova NV. [Seasonal population dynamic and biodiversity of heterotrophic bacteria from sea invertebrates and seawater of the Peter the Great bay, the Sea of Japan]. Mikrobiologiia 2009; 78:414-420. [PMID: 19580166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Beleneva IA. [Distribution and characteristics of Bacillus bacteria associated with hydrobionts and the waters of the Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan]. Mikrobiologiia 2008; 77:558-565. [PMID: 18825984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacilli of the species Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, B. marinus and B. licheniformis (a total of 53 strains) were isolated from 15 invertebrate species and the water of the Vostok Bay, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Bacilli were most often isolated from bivalves (22.7%) and sea cucumbers (18.9%); they occurred less frequently in sea urchins and starfish (13.2 and 7.5%, respectively). Most of bacilli strains were isolated from invertebrates inhabiting silted sediments. No Bacillus spp. strains were isolated from invertebrates inhabiting stony and sandy environments. The species diversity of bacilli isolated from marine objects under study was low. Almost all bacterial isolates were resistant to lincomycin. Unlike B. pumilus, B. subtilis isolates were mostly resistant to benzylpenicillin and ampicillin. Antibiotic sensitivity of B. licheniformis strains was variable (two strains were resistant to benzylpenicillin and oxacillin, while one was sensitive). A significant fraction of isolated bacilli contained pigments. Pigmented strains were more often isolated from seawater samples, while colorless ones predominated within hydrobionts. B. subtilis colonies had the broadest range of colors. In the Bacillus strains obtained, DNase, RNase, phosphatase, elastolytic, chitinase, and agarolytic activity was detected. Bacilli strains with hydrolytic activity occurred in invertebrates more often than in seawater.
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Ivanova EP, Bowman JP, Lysenko AM, Zhukova NV, Gorshkova NM, Kuznetsova TA, Kalinovskaya NI, Shevchenko LS, Mikhailov VV. Erythrobacter vulgaris sp. nov., a novel organism isolated from the marine invertebrates. Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 28:123-30. [PMID: 15830804 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four yellow-pigmented, gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic aerobic bacteria were isolated from starfish Stellaster equestris (strains 022-2-10T, 022-2-9, and 022-2-12) and soft coral (unidentified species) (strain 022-4-7) collected in the South China Sea. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based analyses of the new organisms revealed that Erythrobacter spp. were the closest relatives and shared the highest similarity of 98.7% to E. citreus, 98.5% to E. flavus, 97.9% to E. litoralis and 97.6% to E. longus. The novel organisms were tolerant to 3-6% NaCl, grew between 10 degrees C and 40 degrees C, and were not able to degrade gelatin, casein, and agar, while degraded Tween 80. Two strains (022-2-9 and 022-2-12) could weakly degrade starch. All strains produced a large pool of carotenoids and did not have Bacteriochlorophyll a. Phosphatidylethanolamine (30-36%), phosphatidylglycerol (39-46%), and phosphatidylcholine (21-27%) were the predominant phospholipids. Sphingoglycolipid was not detected. The major fatty acids were 16:0 (6-11%), 16:1omega7 (12-15%), and 18:1omega7 (46-49%). The two-hydroxy fatty acids, 13:0-2OH, 14:0-2OH, 15:0-2OH, 16:0-2OH were also present. The G + C content of the DNAs ranged from 61 to 62 mol%. The level of DNA similarity among four strains was conspecific and ranged from 94% to 98%. Even though new strains and other species of the genus had rather high level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed only 33-39% of binding with the DNA of the type strains. On the basis of these results and the significant differences demonstrated in the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is suggested that the new organisms be classified as a novel species; the name Erythrobacter vulgaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 022-2-10T (= KMM 3465T = CIP 107841T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Ivanova
- Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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Ivanova EP, Gorshkova NM, Sawabe T, Zhukova NV, Hayashi K, Kurilenko VV, Alexeeva Y, Buljan V, Nicolau DV, Mikhailov VV, Christen R. Sulfitobacter delicatus sp. nov. and Sulfitobacter dubius sp. nov., respectively from a starfish (Stellaster equestris) and sea grass (Zostera marina). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:475-480. [PMID: 15023963 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of data from phenotypic and genotypic characterization and analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, two novel species belonging to the genus Sulfitobacter are described. Strains KMM 3584T, a pale-yellowish, non-motile strain isolated from a starfish (Stellaster equestris), and KMM 3554T, which is motile by means of a single subpolar flagellum and was isolated from sea grass (Zostera marina), are marine, Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped organisms. Both strains have the ability to degrade gelatin, but not casein, chitin, agar, DNA, Tween 80 or starch. Strain KMM 3584T decomposed alginate and grew at NaCl concentrations of 1–8 % and temperatures of 12–37°C, whereas strain KMM 3554T grew in 1–12% NaCl and at temperatures of 10–30°C. The predominant fatty acid was 18:1ω7, amounting to up to 80% of the total fatty acids. The other characteristic feature was the presence of 18:2 isomers. The DNA G+C contents of KMM 3584T and KMM 3554T were respectively 60·0 and 63·7 mol%. The level of DNA similarity between the two strains was 33%. DNA from KMM 3584T and KMM 3554T had hybridization values of 5–24% and 10–41%, respectively, with DNA from the type strains of Sulfitobacter pontiacus, Sulfitobacter brevis, Sulfitobacter mediterraneus and Staleya guttiformis. It is proposed that strains KMM 3584T (=LMG 20554T=ATCC BAA-321T) and KMM 3554T (=LMG 20555T=ATCC BAA-320T) represent two novel species, Sulfitobacter delicatus sp. nov. and Sulfitobacter dubius sp. nov., respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Ivanova
- Industrial Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, Russia
| | - Nataliya M Gorshkova
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, Russia
| | - Tomoo Sawabe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Natalia V Zhukova
- Institute of Marine Biology of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Karin Hayashi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Valerie V Kurilenko
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, Russia
| | - Yulia Alexeeva
- Industrial Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia
| | - Vlado Buljan
- Muscle Research Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Dan V Nicolau
- Industrial Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia
| | - Valery V Mikhailov
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, Russia
| | - Richard Christen
- Muscle Research Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Coteur G, DeBecker G, Warnau M, Jangoux M, Dubois P. Differentiation of immune cells challenged by bacteria in the common European starfish, Asterias rubens (Echinodermata). Eur J Cell Biol 2002; 81:413-8. [PMID: 12160149 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebocytes are the main effector cells of the echinoderm immune system. In starfishes, a taxon in which bacterial diseases have been rarely reported, amoebocytes are considered to be the only circulating and immune cell type. The present paper addresses the question of amoebocyte differentiation in the starfish Asterias rubens when challenged by bacteria. Starfishes were injected with FITC-coupled bacteria (Micrococcus luteus). Amoebocytes were collected at regular time intervals for 24 h. The cytometric characteristics and the phagocytic activity were studied by flow cytometry. Three amoebocyte groups of different size were identified. The cell concentrations of the two largest and more numerous of these groups (G2 and G3) were modulated by immune stimulation while the group of smallest, less numerous, cells (G1) was unaffected. All of these cell groups were phagocytic but their kinetics of cell activation and bacteria ingestion differed. G1 cells showed the lowest phagocytic activity while G3 cells had the highest and fastest phagocytic activity. Starfish amoebocytes appear to be segregated in three groups, two of them (G2 and G3) being immunomodulated and one of them presenting a very fast reaction to bacteria. It is suggested that the high efficiency of the immune system in starfishes is related to this fast reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Coteur
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Abstract
Many microbes associated with marine organisms have antimicrobial activity. We report the isolation of bacteria associated with Amphipholis gracillima that have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against a number of common bacterial strains. Fifty-eight isolates of bacilli obtained from A. gracillima arm homogenates, from excised wound tissue, or from swabs of arm stumps exhibited 20-100% inhibition of one or more of 16 test bacteria at 35% salinity. Forty-one of the isolates were capable of 20-100% inhibition of one or more of 19 subject bacteria at 10% salinity at 37 degrees C. Three isolates, BE37, BE52, and BE53, exhibited the greatest range of antibacterial activity at both 10% and 35% salinity. Our results suggest that some of the bacteria associated with A. gracillima may provide the animal with chemical defenses against adverse bacterial infection. The water-soluble inhibitory chemicals produced by the bacteria could potentially function as antimicrobial compounds against human pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Strahl
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, P.O. Box 32027, Boone, NC 28608-2027, USA
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Silva JR, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, Porto-Neto LR, Borges JC. Comparative Study of in Vivo and in Vitro Phagocytosis Including Germicidal Capacity in Odontaster validus (Koehler, 1906) at 0°C. J Invertebr Pathol 2001; 77:180-5. [PMID: 11356053 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.2001.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The phagocytosis and germicidal capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by phagocytic amoebocytes (PA) of the Antarctic starfish Odontaster validus were studied in vivo (after incubation periods of 1, 2, and 4 h) and in vitro (after incubation periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h) at 0 degree C. The total number of PA and the phagocytic capacity (PC), phagocytic index (PI), and germicidal capacity (GC) of the PA were calculated. Results showed significant variability of the total PA number in different animals. There was a significant increase in PC and no significant differences in PI and GC for different in vitro incubation times. In vivo, experiments showed no significant difference of PC and PI, but there was a significant increase in GC as incubation periods increased. Comparison between in vitro and in vivo results revealed that PI and PC were significantly higher in vitro and that GC was significantly higher in vivo. The present study shows for the first time the phagocytosis and GC of an Antarctic invertebrate in vivo at low temperature (0 degree C), and the results are comparing with the available literature for echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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Reed KC, Crowell MC, Castro MD, Sloan ML. Skin and soft-tissue infections after injury in the ocean: culture methods and antibiotic therapy for marine bacteria. Mil Med 1999; 164:198-201. [PMID: 10091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated organisms from two common Indo-Pacific marine animals (Echinometra mathaei urchins and Acanthaster planci sea stars) likely to cause puncture wounds to recreational beachcombers, diverse, or operational military forces during amphibious assaults demonstrate why practitioners should consider their first choice for potential antibiotic therapy differently from their usual favorite antibiotics. The effects of thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) agar, varying salt concentrations in the standard media, and comparison of room temperature incubation versus use of the 30 degrees C (86 degrees F) incubator are reviewed. The yield of pathogenic marine bacteria is increased if TCBS agar is used and more than one temperature is used for incubation. A potentially significant human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, appears to be ubiquitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Reed
- Microbiology Division, U.S. Naval Hospital Okinawa, Japan
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