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El-Sayed ASA, Yassin MA, Ali GS. Transcriptional and Proteomic Profiling of Aspergillus flavipes in Response to Sulfur Starvation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144304. [PMID: 26633307 PMCID: PMC4669086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavipes has received considerable interest due to its potential to produce therapeutic enzymes involved in sulfur amino acid metabolism. In natural habitats, A. flavipes survives under sulfur limitations by mobilizing endogenous and exogenous sulfur to operate diverse cellular processes. Sulfur limitation affects virulence and pathogenicity, and modulates proteome of sulfur assimilating enzymes of several fungi. However, there are no previous reports aimed at exploring effects of sulfur limitation on the regulation of A. flavipes sulfur metabolism enzymes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and proteomic levels. In this report, we show that sulfur limitation affects morphological and physiological responses of A. flavipes. Transcription and enzymatic activities of several key sulfur metabolism genes, ATP-sulfurylase, sulfite reductase, methionine permease, cysteine synthase, cystathionine β- and γ-lyase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were increased under sulfur starvation conditions. A 50 kDa protein band was strongly induced by sulfur starvation, and the proteomic analyses of this protein band using LC-MS/MS revealed similarity to many proteins involved in the sulfur metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Apopka, Florida 32703, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSA); (AES)
| | - Marwa A. Yassin
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gul Shad Ali
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Apopka, Florida 32703, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSA); (AES)
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Sato M, Watanabe K. [Detailed reaction mechanism of thioacetal forming enzyme, Ecm18]. Seikagaku 2014; 86:242-248. [PMID: 24864451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Petrisor AI, Szyjka S, Kawaguchi T, Visscher PT, Norman RS, Decho AW. Changing microspatial patterns of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) during cycling of marine stromatolite mats. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:850-77. [PMID: 24413754 PMCID: PMC3907843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microspatial arrangements of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) in surface microbial mats (~1.5 mm) forming open marine stromatolites were investigated. Previous research revealed three different mat types associated with these stromatolites, each with a unique petrographic signature. Here we focused on comparing "non-lithifying" (Type-1) and "lithifying" (Type-2) mats. Our results revealed three major trends: (1) Molecular typing using the dsrA probe revealed a shift in the SRM community composition between Type-1 and Type-2 mats. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) coupled to confocal scanning-laser microscopy (CSLM)-based image analyses, and 35SO4(2-)-silver foil patterns showed that SRM were present in surfaces of both mat types, but in significantly (p < 0.05) higher abundances in Type-2 mats. Over 85% of SRM cells in the top 0.5 mm of Type-2 mats were contained in a dense 130 µm thick horizontal layer comprised of clusters of varying sizes; (2) Microspatial mapping revealed that locations of SRM and CaCO3 precipitation were significantly correlated (p < 0.05); (3) Extracts from Type-2 mats contained acylhomoserine-lactones (C4- ,C6- ,oxo-C6,C7- ,C8- ,C10- ,C12- , C14-AHLs) involved in cell-cell communication. Similar AHLs were produced by SRM mat-isolates. These trends suggest that development of a microspatially-organized SRM community is closely-associated with the hallmark transition of stromatolite surface mats from a non-lithifying to a lithifying state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru I Petrisor
- Department of Urban and Landscape Planning, School of Urban Planning, "Ion Mincu" University of Architecture and Urban Planning, str. Academiei nr. 18-20, sector 1, Bucharest 010014, Romania.
| | - Sandra Szyjka
- Department of Urban and Landscape Planning, School of Urban Planning, "Ion Mincu" University of Architecture and Urban Planning, str. Academiei nr. 18-20, sector 1, Bucharest 010014, Romania.
| | - Tomohiro Kawaguchi
- Department of Urban and Landscape Planning, School of Urban Planning, "Ion Mincu" University of Architecture and Urban Planning, str. Academiei nr. 18-20, sector 1, Bucharest 010014, Romania.
| | - Pieter T Visscher
- Department of Urban and Landscape Planning, School of Urban Planning, "Ion Mincu" University of Architecture and Urban Planning, str. Academiei nr. 18-20, sector 1, Bucharest 010014, Romania.
| | - Robert Sean Norman
- Department of Urban and Landscape Planning, School of Urban Planning, "Ion Mincu" University of Architecture and Urban Planning, str. Academiei nr. 18-20, sector 1, Bucharest 010014, Romania.
| | - Alan W Decho
- Department of Urban and Landscape Planning, School of Urban Planning, "Ion Mincu" University of Architecture and Urban Planning, str. Academiei nr. 18-20, sector 1, Bucharest 010014, Romania.
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Li DD, Wang Y, Dai BD, Li XX, Zhao LX, Cao YB, Yan L, Jiang YY. ECM17-dependent methionine/cysteine biosynthesis contributes to biofilm formation in Candida albicans. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 51:50-9. [PMID: 23246394 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans has become the fourth leading pathogen of nosocomial bloodstream infections largely due to biofilm formation on implanted medical devices. Previous microarray data indicated that almost all genes in methionine (Met)/cysteine (Cys) biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated during biofilm formation, especially during the adherence period. In this work, we studied the role of Met/Cys biosynthesis pathway by disrupting ECM17, a gene encoding sulfite reductase in C. albicans. It was found that the ecm17Δ/Δ mutant failed to catalyze the biochemical reaction from sulfite to H(2)S and hardly grew in media lacking Met and Cys. NaSH, the donor of H(2)S, dose-dependently improved the growth of ecm17Δ/Δ in media lacking a sulfur source. Sufficient Met/Cys supply inhibited the expression of ECM17 in a dose-dependent manner. These results validated the important role of ECM17 in Met/Cys biosynthesis. Interestingly, the ecm17Δ/Δ mutant showed diminished ability to form biofilm, attenuated adhesion on abiotic substrate and decreased filamentation on solid SLD medium, especially under conditions lacking Met/Cys. Further results indicated that ECM17 affected the expressions of ALS3, CSH1, HWP1 and ECE1, and that the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway was associated with ECM17 and Met/Cys biosynthesis pathway. These results provide new insights into the role of Met/Cys biosynthesis pathway in regulating cAMP-PKA pathway and benefiting biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Dong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Fan LF, Tang SL, Chen CP, Hsieh HL. Diversity and composition of sulfate- and sulfite-reducing prokaryotes as affected by marine-freshwater gradient and sulfate availability. Microb Ecol 2012; 63:224-237. [PMID: 21785985 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate- and sulfite-reducing prokaryotes (SSRP) communities play a key role in both sulfur and carbon cycles. In estuarine ecosystems, sulfate concentrations change with tides and could be limited in tidal freshwater reach or deep sediments. In a subtropical estuary of northern Taiwan in December 2007, we examined the compositional changes of SSRP communities. We examined three sites: from the lower estuarine brackish-water reach (site GR and mangrove vegetation site, GM) to the upper estuarine tidal freshwater reach (site HR), as well as from surface to a 50-cm depth. The partial sequence of sulfite reductase (dsrB) genes was used as a molecular marker of SSRP, linked to polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques. SSRP communities of the DGGE profiles varied with sites according to one-way analyses of similarities (Global R = 0.69, P = 0.001). Using cluster analysis, the DGGE profile was found to show site-specific clusters and a distinct depth zonation (five, six, and two SSRP communities at the GM, GR, and HR sites, respectively). SSRP composition was highly correlated to the combination of salinity, reduced sulfur, and total organic carbon contents (BIO-ENV analysis, r ( s ) = 0.56). After analyzing a total of 35 dsrB sequences in the DGGE gel, six groups with 15 phylotypes were found, which were closely related to marine-freshwater gradient. Moreover, sequences neighboring sulfite-reducing prokaryotes were observed, in addition to those affiliated to sulfate-reducing prokaryotes. Four phylotypes harvested in HR resembled the genus Desulfitobacterium, a sulfite-reducing prokaryote, which failed to use sulfate as an electron acceptor and were active in freshwater and sulfate-limited habitat. The other five phylotypes in the HR reach belonged to the sulfate-reducing prokaryotes of the genera Desulfatiferula, Desulfosarcina, Desulfovibrio, and Desulfotomaculum, which appeared to tolerate low salinity and low sulfate supply. SSRP phylotypes at the mangrove-vegetated GM site (five phylotypes in two groups) were phylogenetically less diverse, when compared with those at the non-mangrove-vegetated GR site (three phylotypes in three groups) and the tidally influenced freshwater HR site (nine phylotypes in five groups). Phylotypes found at GR and GM were all affiliated to marine sulfate-reducing prokaryote strains of the genera Desulfofaba, Desulfobotulus, Desulfatiferula, Desulfosarcina, and Desulfotomaculum. Notably, a phylotype recorded in the surface sediment at GR resembled the genus Desulfobulbus, which was recorded from freshwater environment consisting of the freshwater input at GR during ebb tides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Feng Fan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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Linderholm A, Dietzel K, Hirst M, Bisson LF. Identification of MET10-932 and characterization as an allele reducing hydrogen sulfide formation in wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7699-707. [PMID: 20889780 PMCID: PMC2988593 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01666-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vineyard isolate of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, UCD932, was identified as a strain producing little or no detectable hydrogen sulfide during wine fermentation. Genetic analysis revealed that this trait segregated as a single genetic determinant. The gene also conferred a white colony phenotype on BiGGY agar (bismuth-glucose-glycine-yeast agar), which is thought to indicate low basal levels of sulfite reductase activity. However, this isolate does not display a requirement for S-containing amino acids, indicating that the sulfate reduction pathway is fully operational. Genetic crosses against known mutations conferring white colony color on BiGGY agar identified the gene leading to reduced H(2)S formation as an allele of MET10 (MET10-932), which encodes a catalytic subunit of sulfite reductase. Sequence analysis of MET10-932 revealed several corresponding amino acid differences in relation to laboratory strain S288C. Allele differences for other genes of the sulfate reduction pathway were also detected in UCD932. The MET10 allele of UCD932 was found to be unique in comparison to the sequences of several other vineyard isolates with differing levels of production of H(2)S. Replacing the MET10 allele of high-H(2)S-producing strains with MET10-932 prevented H(2)S formation by those strains. A single mutative change, corresponding to T662K, in MET10-932 resulted in a loss of H(2)S production. The role of site 662 in sulfide reduction was further analyzed by changing the encoded amino acid at this position. A change back to threonine or to the conservative serine fully restored the H(2)S formation conferred by this allele. In addition to T662K, arginine, tryptophan, and glutamic acid substitutions similarly reduced sulfide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Linderholm
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kevin Dietzel
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marissa Hirst
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Linda F. Bisson
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
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Baumler DJ, Hung KF, Jeong KC, Kaspar CW. Production of methanethiol and volatile sulfur compounds by the archaeon "Ferroplasma acidarmanus". Extremophiles 2007; 11:841-51. [PMID: 17914603 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-007-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Acidophiles are typically isolated from sulfate-rich ecological niches yet the role of sulfur metabolism in their growth and survival is poorly defined. Studies of heterotrophically grown "Ferroplasma acidarmanus" showed that its growth requires a minimum of 100 mM of a sulfate-containing salt. Headspace gas analyses by GC/MS determined that the volatile sulfur compound emitted by active "F. acidarmanus" cultures is methanethiol. In "F. acidarmanus" cultures grown either heterotrophically or chemolithotrophically, methanethiol was produced constitutively. Radiotracer studies with (35)S-labeled methionine, cysteine, and sulfate showed that all three were used in methanethiol production. Additionally, (3)H-labeled methionine was incorporated into methanethiol and was probably used as a methyl-group donor. Methanethiol production in whole cell lysates supplied with SO (3) (2-) indicated that NADPH-dependant sulfite reductase and methyltransferase activities were present. Cell lysates also contained enzymatic activity for methionine-gamma-lyase that cleaved the side chain of either methionine to form methanethiol or cysteine to produce H(2)S. Since methanethiol was detected from the degradation of cysteine, it is likely that sulfide was methylated by a thiol methyltransferase. Collectively, these data demonstrate that "F. acidarmanus" produces methanethiol through the metabolism of methionine, cysteine, or sulfate. This is the first report of a methanethiol-producing acidophile, thus identifying a new contributor to the global sulfur cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Baumler
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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