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Carreras A, Bernard S, Durambur G, Gügi B, Loutelier C, Pawlak B, Boulogne I, Vicré M, Driouich A, Goffner D, Follet-Gueye ML. In vitro characterization of root extracellular trap and exudates of three Sahelian woody plant species. Planta 2019; 251:19. [PMID: 31781905 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan protein content in both root extracellular trap and root exudates varies in three Sahelian woody plant species that are differentially tolerant to drought. At the root tip, mature root cap cells, mainly border cells (BCs)/border-like cells (BLCs) and their associated mucilage, form a web-like structure known as the "Root Extracellular Trap" (RET). Although the RET along with the entire suite of root exudates are known to influence rhizosphere function, their features in woody species is poorly documented. Here, RET and root exudates were analyzed from three Sahelian woody species with contrasted sensitivity to drought stress (Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia raddiana and Tamarindus indica) and that have been selected for reforestation along the African Great Green Wall in northern Senegal. Optical and transmission electron microscopy show that Balanites aegyptiaca, the most drought-tolerant species, produces only BC, whereas Acacia raddiana and Tamarindus indica release both BCs and BLCs. Biochemical analyses reveal that RET and root exudates of Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia raddiana contain significantly more abundant arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) compared to Tamarindus indica, the most drought-sensitive species. Root exudates of the three woody species also differentially impact the plant soil beneficial bacteria Azospirillum brasilense growth. These results highlight the importance of root secretions for woody species survival under dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Carreras
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Gaëlle Durambur
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Corinne Loutelier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, COBRA CNRS UMR 6014, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Barbara Pawlak
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Maite Vicré
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Deborah Goffner
- CNRS UMI 3189 ESS, Pôle France, 13344, Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
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Marcus SE, Verhertbruggen Y, Hervé C, Ordaz-Ortiz JJ, Farkas V, Pedersen HL, Willats WGT, Knox JP. Pectic homogalacturonan masks abundant sets of xyloglucan epitopes in plant cell walls. BMC Plant Biol 2008; 8:60. [PMID: 18498625 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/37.8.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular probes are required to detect cell wall polymers in-situ to aid understanding of their cell biology and several studies have shown that cell wall epitopes have restricted occurrences across sections of plant organs indicating that cell wall structure is highly developmentally regulated. Xyloglucan is the major hemicellulose or cross-linking glycan of the primary cell walls of dicotyledons although little is known of its occurrence or functions in relation to cell development and cell wall microstructure. RESULTS Using a neoglycoprotein approach, in which a XXXG heptasaccharide of tamarind seed xyloglucan was coupled to BSA to produce an immunogen, we have generated a rat monoclonal antibody (designated LM15) to the XXXG structural motif of xyloglucans. The specificity of LM15 has been confirmed by the analysis of LM15 binding using glycan microarrays and oligosaccharide hapten inhibition of binding studies. The use of LM15 for the analysis of xyloglucan in the cell walls of tamarind and nasturtium seeds, in which xyloglucan occurs as a storage polysaccharide, indicated that the LM15 xyloglucan epitope occurs throughout the thickened cell walls of the tamarind seed and in the outer regions, adjacent to middle lamellae, of the thickened cell walls of the nasturtium seed. Immunofluorescence analysis of LM15 binding to sections of tobacco and pea stem internodes indicated that the xyloglucan epitope was restricted to a few cell types in these organs. Enzymatic removal of pectic homogalacturonan from equivalent sections resulted in the abundant detection of distinct patterns of the LM15 xyloglucan epitope across these organs and a diversity of occurrences in relation to the cell wall microstructure of a range of cell types. CONCLUSION These observations support ideas that xyloglucan is associated with pectin in plant cell walls. They also indicate that documented patterns of cell wall epitopes in relation to cell development and cell differentiation may need to be re-considered in relation to the potential masking of cell wall epitopes by other cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Marcus SE, Verhertbruggen Y, Hervé C, Ordaz-Ortiz JJ, Farkas V, Pedersen HL, Willats WGT, Knox JP. Pectic homogalacturonan masks abundant sets of xyloglucan epitopes in plant cell walls. BMC Plant Biol 2008; 8:60. [PMID: 18498625 PMCID: PMC2409341 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-8-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular probes are required to detect cell wall polymers in-situ to aid understanding of their cell biology and several studies have shown that cell wall epitopes have restricted occurrences across sections of plant organs indicating that cell wall structure is highly developmentally regulated. Xyloglucan is the major hemicellulose or cross-linking glycan of the primary cell walls of dicotyledons although little is known of its occurrence or functions in relation to cell development and cell wall microstructure. RESULTS Using a neoglycoprotein approach, in which a XXXG heptasaccharide of tamarind seed xyloglucan was coupled to BSA to produce an immunogen, we have generated a rat monoclonal antibody (designated LM15) to the XXXG structural motif of xyloglucans. The specificity of LM15 has been confirmed by the analysis of LM15 binding using glycan microarrays and oligosaccharide hapten inhibition of binding studies. The use of LM15 for the analysis of xyloglucan in the cell walls of tamarind and nasturtium seeds, in which xyloglucan occurs as a storage polysaccharide, indicated that the LM15 xyloglucan epitope occurs throughout the thickened cell walls of the tamarind seed and in the outer regions, adjacent to middle lamellae, of the thickened cell walls of the nasturtium seed. Immunofluorescence analysis of LM15 binding to sections of tobacco and pea stem internodes indicated that the xyloglucan epitope was restricted to a few cell types in these organs. Enzymatic removal of pectic homogalacturonan from equivalent sections resulted in the abundant detection of distinct patterns of the LM15 xyloglucan epitope across these organs and a diversity of occurrences in relation to the cell wall microstructure of a range of cell types. CONCLUSION These observations support ideas that xyloglucan is associated with pectin in plant cell walls. They also indicate that documented patterns of cell wall epitopes in relation to cell development and cell differentiation may need to be re-considered in relation to the potential masking of cell wall epitopes by other cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yves Verhertbruggen
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - José J Ordaz-Ortiz
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence GLYCOBIOS, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henriette L Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocentre, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William GT Willats
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocentre, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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