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Abstract
Saliva is essential for the maintenance of oral health. When salivary flow is impaired, the risk of various oral diseases such as caries and candidiasis increases drastically. Under healthy conditions, saliva provides effective protection against microbial colonization by the collaborative action of numerous host-defense molecules. This review describes how saliva has been the guideline for the design and characterization of a heterodimeric antimicrobial construct called LFchimera. This construct mimics the helical parts of two antimicrobial domains in the crystal structure of bovine lactoferrin. It shows high antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and parasites including biowarfare agents such as Bacillus anthracis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and Yersinia pestis. Further, sublethal concentrations of LFchimera inhibited biofilm formation, the invasiveness of HeLa cells by Yersinia spp., and prevented haemolysis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, demonstrating the versatility of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Ligtenberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ligtenberg AJM. [Dissertation 25 years after date 48. The effect of saliva on the -colonisation of oral bacteria]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2017; 124:381-385. [PMID: 28718464 DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2017.07/08.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the research that formed the basis of the dissertation 'Intervention of saliva in the colonization process of oral bacteria' from 1992, the aggregation or clustering of oral bacteria by saliva was investigated. This prevents bacterial colonisation in the mouth. Major individual differences in aggregation activity of different saliva samples were found to exist, partly determined by the blood group of the saliva donor. As well as being found in red blood cells, AB0 blood group antigens also appear on salivary glycoproteins. This does, however, not hold true for all individuals: this is only the case for so-called secretors. Non-secretors aggregated fewer bacteria than secretors. Later research showed that this was associated with a higher risk of caries. Subsequent research revealed that the complement system, a defence system in blood, was activated by saliva of secretors, but not of non-secretors. This shows that the oral defence systems are influenced by blood group and secretor status, but in a different way than we originally thought.
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Sijbrandij T, Kaman WE, Ligtenberg AJM, Nazmi K, Veerman ECI, Bikker FJ. Bacillus globigii cell size is influenced by variants of the quorum sensing peptide extracellular death factor. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 105:221-8. [PMID: 24198119 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin modules are necessary for the mode of action of several antibiotics. One of the most studied toxin-antitoxin modules is the quorum sensing-dependent MazEF system in Escherichia coli. The quorum sensing factor in this system is called the extracellular death factor (EDF), a linear pentapeptide with the sequence NNWNN. In spite of the extensive research on the mazEF system and the involvement of the quorum sensing factor EDF, the effect of EDF itself on bacteria has not yet been studied. In this research, we determined the effect of EDF and variants on cell growth in the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and the Gram-positive Bacillus globigii. By aligning the zwf gene (from where EDF originates) of different bacterial species, we found 27 new theoretical variants of the peptide. By evaluating growth curves and light microscopy we found that three EDF variants reduced bacterial cell size in B. globigii, but not in E. coli. The D-peptides did not affect cell size, indicating that the effect is stereospecific. Peptides wherein tryptophan was substituted by alanine also did not affect cell size, which indicates that the effect seen is mediated by an intracellular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sijbrandij
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jager DHJ, Vieira AM, Ligtenberg AJM, Bronkhorst E, Huysmans MCDNJM, Vissink A. Effect of salivary factors on the susceptibility of hydroxyapatite to early erosion. Caries Res 2011; 45:532-7. [PMID: 21997255 DOI: 10.1159/000331938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary pellicle is known to reduce the erosion of enamel and differences in the level of protection exist between individual saliva sources, but which parameters or components are important is not known. The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between saliva parameters and early erosion of hydroxyapatite (HAp) with an in situ grown saliva film. METHODS Twenty-eight volunteers carried two HAp and one porcelain discs in their buccal sulcus for 1.5 h. Next, the discs covered with pellicle and the attached saliva film were exposed extraorally to 50 mM (pH = 3) citric acid for 2 min and unstimulated and stimulated saliva was collected. Calcium loss from HAp after erosive challenge was measured, corrected for calcium loss from pellicle on porcelain discs and averaged. Several salivary parameters were analysed. Pearson's linear correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to study the relation between saliva parameters and HAp erosion. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between HAp erosion and the concentration of phosphorus in unstimulated saliva (r = 0.40, p = 0.03) and between HAp erosion and the concentration of sodium (r = -0.40, p = 0.03), chloride (r = -0.47, p = 0.01), phosphorus (r = 0.45, p = 0.01) and flow (r = -0.39, p = 0.04) of stimulated saliva. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant role in the HAp erosion for sodium, urea, total protein, albumin, pH and flow of unstimulated saliva and for sodium, potassium, urea, and phosphorus of stimulated saliva. CONCLUSIONS Several salivary parameters are associated with the susceptibility of HAp to erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H J Jager
- UMCG Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Henssge U, Do T, Gilbert SC, Cox S, Clark D, Wickström C, Ligtenberg AJM, Radford DR, Beighton D. Application of MLST and pilus gene sequence comparisons to investigate the population structures of Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces oris. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21430. [PMID: 21738661 PMCID: PMC3127948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces oris are members of the oral biofilm. Their identification using 16S rRNA sequencing is problematic and better achieved by comparison of metG partial sequences. A. oris is more abundant and more frequently isolated than A. naeslundii. We used a multi-locus sequence typing approach to investigate the genotypic diversity of these species and assigned A. naeslundii (n = 37) and A. oris (n = 68) isolates to 32 and 68 sequence types (ST), respectively. Neighbor-joining and ClonalFrame dendrograms derived from the concatenated partial sequences of 7 house-keeping genes identified at least 4 significant subclusters within A. oris and 3 within A. naeslundii. The strain collection we had investigated was an under-representation of the total population since at least 3 STs composed of single strains may represent discrete clusters of strains not well represented in the collection. The integrity of these sub-clusters was supported by the sequence analysis of fimP and fimA, genes coding for the type 1 and 2 fimbriae, respectively. An A. naeslundii subcluster was identified with both fimA and fimP genes and these strains were able to bind to MUC7 and statherin while all other A. naeslundii strains possessed only fimA and did not bind to statherin. An A. oris subcluster harboured a fimA gene similar to that of Actinomyces odontolyticus but no detectable fimP failed to bind significantly to either MUC7 or statherin. These data are evidence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the species A. oris and A. naeslundii but the status of the subclusters identified here will require genome comparisons before their phylogenic position can be unequivocally established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Henssge
- Department of Microbiology, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Microbiology and Salivary Research, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy Do
- Department of Microbiology, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Microbiology and Salivary Research, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Microbiology and Salivary Research, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Cox
- Department of Microbiology, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Microbiology and Salivary Research, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Clark
- Department of Microbiology, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Microbiology and Salivary Research, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claes Wickström
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - David R. Radford
- Department of Microbiology, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Microbiology and Salivary Research, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Beighton
- Department of Microbiology, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Microbiology and Salivary Research, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Ligtenberg AJM, Camp PJM, Van Der Hoeven JS, Veerman ECI, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Aggregation of Oral Streptococci Selected by Growth on Human Saliva from Different Glands. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609109140261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. M. Ligtenberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam
| | - P. J. M. Camp
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Catholic University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. S. Van Der Hoeven
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Catholic University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E. C. I. Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam
| | - A. V. Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Ligtenberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands.
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Bikker FJ, van der Wal JE, Ligtenberg AJM, Mollenhauer J, de Blieck-Hogervorst JMA, van der Waal I, Poustka A, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Salivary agglutinin/DMBT1SAG expression is up-regulated in the presence of salivary gland tumors. J Dent Res 2004; 83:567-71. [PMID: 15218048 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary agglutinin (SAG) is encoded by the gene Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1) and represents the salivary variant of DMBT1 (DMBT1(SAG)). While SAG is a bona fide anti-caries factor, DMBT1 was proposed as a candidate tumor-suppressor for brain, digestive tract, and lung cancer. Though DMBT1(SAG) is expressed in the salivary glands, its expression in salivary gland tumors is unknown. Here we analyzed DMBT1(SAG) expression in 20 salivary gland tumors and 14 tumor-flanking tissues by immunohistochemistry. DMBT1(SAG) in salivary gland tumors resembles the changes of expression levels known from DMBT1 in tumors in other cancer types. Particularly, DMBT1(SAG) was up-regulated in 10/14 tumor-flanking tissues, and a strong staining of the luminal content in the tumor and/or the tumor-flanking tissue was observed in 14/20 cases. This suggests that, in addition to its role in caries defense, SAG may serve as a potential tumor indicator and/or tumor suppressor in salivary gland tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Bikker
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brand HS, Ligtenberg AJM, Bots CP, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Secretion rate and buffer capacity of whole saliva depend on the weight of the mechanical stimulus. Int J Dent Hyg 2004; 2:137-8. [PMID: 16451478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2004.00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H S Brand
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bikker FJ, Ligtenberg AJM, van der Wal JE, van den Keijbus PAM, Holmskov U, Veerman ECI, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Immunohistochemical detection of salivary agglutinin/gp-340 in human parotid, submandibular, and labial salivary glands. J Dent Res 2002; 81:134-9. [PMID: 11829014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary agglutinin is a Streptococcus mutans binding protein and a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. It is identical to lung gp-340 and brain DMBT1, which possibly play a role in innate immunity and tumor suppression, respectively. The goal of this study was to localize salivary agglutinin in human salivary glands. Two monoclonal antibodies, directed against gp-340, were characterized. mAb 213-1 reacted with sialic acid epitopes and cross-reacted with MUC7. The reaction with mAb 213-6 disappeared after reduction, suggesting that a protein epitope was recognized. In the parotid gland, immunohistochemical labeling with mAb 213-6 was found in the duct cells. In the submandibular gland and labial gland, both serous acini and demilune cells were labeled. In the labial gland, labeling was found at the luminal side of the duct cells. Salivary agglutinin was distinctly localized in salivary glands, but in distinct glandular secretions, no differences in electrophoretic behavior were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Bikker
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands.
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Ligtenberg AJM, Walgreen-weterings E, Veerman ECI, De Soet JJ, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Attachment of Streptococcus gordoniiHG 222 to Streptococcus oralisNy 586 and the Influence of Saliva. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1995. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609509140103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. M. Ligtenberg
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. Walgreen-weterings
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. C. I. Veerman
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. J. De Soet
- Departments of Oral Microbiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. V. Nieuw Amerongen
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ligtenberg AJM, Walgreen-Weterings E, Veerman ECI, De Soet JJ, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Attachment of Streptococcus gordoniiHG 222 to Streptococcus oralisNy 586 and the Influence of Saliva. Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 1994. [DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v8i5.8281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ligtenberg AJM, Camp PJM, Van Der Hoeven JS, Veerman ECI, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Aggregation of Oral Streptococci Selected by Growth on Human Saliva from Different Glands. Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 1991. [DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v4i1.7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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