1
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Moore PJ, Rao JR, Nelson D, McCollum G, Ballard LM, Millar BC, Nakanishi S, Tasaki E, Nakajima T, Matsuda M, Goldsmith CE, Coulter WA, Loughrey A, Rooney RJ, O'Sullivan JT, Moore JE. Examination of the antibacterial properties of sphagnum moss (Sphagnum spp.) and its significance with turf burning in Ireland. Br J Biomed Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12069149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
- Ballymena Academy, Ballymena
| | - J. R. Rao
- Applied Plant Science Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine
| | - D. Nelson
- Applied Plant Science Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast
| | - G. McCollum
- Applied Plant Science Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast
| | - L. M. Ballard
- Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, Cultra, Holywood, Co. Down, Northern Ireland
| | - B. C. Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - S. Nakanishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan
| | - E. Tasaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan
| | - T. Nakajima
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan
| | - M. Matsuda
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan
| | - C. E. Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - W. A. Coulter
- School of Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A. Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - R. J. Rooney
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | | | - J. E. Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine
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2
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Hayashi K, Hirayama J, Goldsmith CE, Coulter WA, Millar BC, Dooley JSG, Loughrey A, Rooney PJ, Matsuda M, Moore JE. Exposure to clinical X-ray radiation does not alter antibiotic susceptibility or genotype profile in Gram-negative and Gram-positive clinical pathogens. Br J Biomed Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12069137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hayashi
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - J. Hirayama
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - C. E. Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - W. A. Coulter
- School of Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast
| | - B. C. Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - J. S. G. Dooley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A. Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P. J. Rooney
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - M. Matsuda
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - J. E. Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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3
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Liu HJ, Simms HN, Herron B, Hedderwick S, Loughrey A, Lindsay JR. Cerebral Nocardiosis: A Rare Cause of Hemiplegia in the Acute Medicine Unit. Acute Med 2019; 18:41-44. [PMID: 32608393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nocardiosis, a rare infection occurring mostly in immunosuppressed patients can present with neurological complications including cerebral abscess formation, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We describe the case of a 54-year-old immunocompetent man with cerebral nocardiosis, who presented with sudden onset hemiparesis in an acute medicine unit. He required three craniotomies with excision, following failure to respond to antimicrobial therapy, with subsequent clinical improvement and radiological resolution of multiple cerebral abscesses. Challenges in diagnosis and management of hemiparesis in the acute medical unit are discussed. Successful management of cerebral nocardiosis require early communication with a neurosurgical unit, neuropathology and microbiology services to optimise management with targeted antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Liu
- MB MCh BAO, Foundation Year 1 Doctor, Department of Medicine, Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast
| | - H N Simms
- Consultant Neurosurgeon, Neurosurgery Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
| | - B Herron
- Consultant Neuropathologist, Neuropathology Department, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
| | - S Hedderwick
- Consultant in Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Service, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
| | - A Loughrey
- Consultant Microbiologist, Department of Microbiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
| | - J R Lindsay
- Consultant Physician (Endocrinology & Diabetes), Department of Medicine, Mater Infirmorum Hospital
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4
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Moore JE, Millar BC, Coulter WA, Mason C, Rooney PJ, Loughrey A, Goldsmith CE. Mining the antibiogram: what more can it tell us? Br J Biomed Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine
| | - B. C. Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - W. A. Coulter
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C. Mason
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P. J. Rooney
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - A. Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - C. E. Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
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5
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Xu J, Stanley T, Millar B, McClurg R, Shaw A, Crothers L, Goldsmith C, Rooney P, Loughrey A, Murphy P, Dooley J, Moore J. Difficult-to-identify bacteria: how use of 16S rDNA PCR and gene sequencing can help. Br J Biomed Sci 2018; 65:33-6. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2008.11978106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Xu
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Xian Jiactong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - T. Stanley
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - B.C. Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - R.B. McClurg
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A. Shaw
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - L. Crothers
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - C.E. Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P.J. Rooney
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A. Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P.G. Murphy
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Adelaide & Meath Hospital, Tallagh, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - J.S.G. Dooley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - J.E. Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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6
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Patterson L, Irvine N, Wilson A, Doherty L, Loughrey A, Jessop L. Outbreak of invasive pneumococcal disease at a Belfast shipyard in men exposed to welding fumes, Northern Ireland, April-May 2015: preliminary report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 26062559 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.21.21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report an outbreak of four confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in individuals occupationally exposed to welding fumes, at a Belfast shipyard (Northern Ireland). All cases were hospitalised. A high-risk sub-group of 679 workers has been targeted for antibiotic prophylaxis and pneumococcal vaccination. Physicians and public health institutions outside Northern Ireland should be alert to individuals presenting with pneumonia or IPD and recent links to the shipyard, to facilitate early assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Patterson
- UK Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Public Health England, United Kingdom
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7
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Moore JE, Thompson I, Buchanan J, Loughrey A. Examination of factors that influence residual chlorine concentration in chlorine-based sanitising solutions: implications for ward disinfection. Br J Biomed Sci 2013; 70:123-5. [PMID: 24273899 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2013.11978275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Northern Ireland, UK.
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8
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Moore JE, Millar BC, Coulter WA, Mason C, Rooney RJ, Loughrey A, Goldsmith CE. Mining the antibiogram: what more can it tell us? Br J Biomed Sci 2012; 69:76-80. [PMID: 22872932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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9
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Moore RJ, Rao JR, Nelson D, McCollum G, Ballard LM, Millar BC, Nakanishi S, Tasaki E, Nakajima T, Matsuda M, Goldsmith CE, Coulter WA, Loughrey A, Rooney RJ, O'Sullivan JT, Moore JE. Examination of the antibacterial properties of sphagnum moss (Sphagnum spp.) and its significance with turf burning in Ireland. Br J Biomed Sci 2012; 69:178-180. [PMID: 23304795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Ireland.
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10
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Hayashi K, Hirayama J, Goldsmith CE, Coulter WA, Millar BC, Dooley JSG, Loughrey A, Rooney PJ, Matsuda M, Moore JE. Exposure to clinical X-ray radiation does not alter antibiotic susceptibility or genotype profile in gram-negative and gram-positive clinical pathogens. Br J Biomed Sci 2012; 69:119-122. [PMID: 23057159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Inadvertent exposure of bacterial pathogens to X-ray radiation may be an environmental stress, where the bacterium may respond by increasing mutational events, thereby potentially resulting in increased antibiotic resistance and alteration to genotypic profile. In order to examine this, four clinical pathogens, including the Gram-negative organisms Escherichia coli O157:H7 NCTC12900 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC10662, as well as the Gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus aureus NCTC6571 and Enterococcus faecium were exposed to X-rays (35,495 cGy/cm2) over a seven-day period. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed before, during and after exposure by examining susceptibility, as quantified by E-test with six antibiotics, as well as to a further 11 antibiotics by measurement of susceptibility zone sizes (mm). Additionally, the DNA profile of each organism was compared before, during and after exposure employing the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC PCR). Results indicated that exposure of these organisms to this amount of X-ray radiation did not alter their antibiotic susceptibility, nor their genomic DNA profile. Overall, these data indicate that exposure of bacteria to X-ray radiation does not alter the test organisms' antibiotic susceptibility profiles, nor alter genomic DNA profiles of bacteria, which therefore does not compromise molecular epidemiological tracking of bacteria within healthcare environments in which patients have been exposed to X-ray radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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11
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Moore JE, McCollum G, Murphy A, Millar BC, Nelson D, Goldsmith CE, Elborn JS, Loughrey A, Rooney PJ, Rao JR. Assessment of inhibition/growth-promoting properties of new agents on moulds: description of a simple bio-imaging technique. Br J Biomed Sci 2010; 67:145-6. [PMID: 20973410 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2010.11730312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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12
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Moore JE, Watabe M, Millar BC, Rooney PJ, Loughrey A, Goldsmith CE, McMahon MAS, McDowell DA, Murphy RG. Molecular characterisation of the recA locus in clinical isolates of verocytotoxigenic E. coli O157:H7. Br J Biomed Sci 2010; 66:37-41. [PMID: 19348125 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2009.11730242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular epidemiology of verocytoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is important to help elucidate reservoirs and modes of transmission, particularly between animals and humans. As the recA gene locus is now beginning to gain application in bacterial genotyping schemes, and as it has not been examined previously in E. coli O157 isolates, this study aims to examine potential polymorphic variation as a possible epidemiological marker for the subspecies characterisation of clinically significant verocytotoxigenic E. coli O157:H7. A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was designed to target a 638 bp region of the recA gene in E. coli O157 isolates. The PCR amplification of genomic DNA from extracted organisms was able to generate an amplicon of the expected size (approximately 638 bp) for all E. coli O157:H7 examined (n=80), as well as for other non-O157 E. coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaeceae including Citrobacter, Hafnia, Shigella, Enterobacter and Providencia. Subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analyses of these recA amplicons were able to differentiate E. coli O157 from the organisms examined, but were unable to distinguish between 79 isolates of wild-type E. coli O157, suggesting a highly conserved recA gene structure within the local population of organisms examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Ireland, UK.
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13
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Maeda Y, Stanley T, Stirling J, Griffiths M, Calvert A, Stuart Elborn J, Cherie Millar B, Goldsmith CE, Rendall J, Loughrey A, Rooney PJ, Moore JE. No Evidence of Transmission of Bacteria Between Reptiles and a CF Patient - A Case Report of a Young Adult CF Patient and Reptiles. Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 57:e47-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Rao D, Hamilton E, Glennie L, McConnell D, Millar BC, Rooney RJ, Goldsmith CE, Loughrey A, Shields M, Moore JE. Should long-haul flights carry antibiotics on board to treat acute bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia? Br J Biomed Sci 2009; 65:201-2. [PMID: 19181040 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2008.11978130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Rao
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
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15
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McCavert M, O'Donnell ME, Campbell D, Loughrey A, Hannon RJ, Lau L. Spontaneous lower limb subcutaneous emphysema: a diagnostic dilemma. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2009; 69:712-4. [PMID: 19186618 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2008.69.12.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M McCavert
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulster
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16
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Moore JE, Watabe M, Millar BC, Rooney PJ, Loughrey A, Goldsmith CE. Direct molecular (PCR) detection of verocytotoxigenic and related virulence determinants (eae, hyl, stx) in E. coli O157:H7 from fresh faecal material. Br J Biomed Sci 2008; 65:163-5. [PMID: 18986109 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2008.11978121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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17
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Moore JE, Watabe M, Millar BC, McMahon MAS, McDowell DA, Rooney RJ, Loughrey A, Goldsmith CE. Molecular characterisation of verocytoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. Br J Biomed Sci 2008; 65:161-3. [PMID: 18986108 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2008.11978120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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18
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Maeda Y, Millar BC, Loughrey A, McCalmont M, Nagano Y, Goldsmith CE, Rooney PJ, Moore JE. Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: what are we missing? J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:876-7. [PMID: 18587023 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.046011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Maeda
- Department of Bacteriology, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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19
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Stirling J, Griffith M, Blair I, Cormican M, Dooley JSG, Goldsmith CE, Glover SG, Loughrey A, Lowery CJ, Matsuda M, McClurg R, McCorry K, McDowell D, McMahon A, Cherie Millar B, Nagano Y, Rao JR, Rooney PJ, Smyth M, Snelling WJ, Xu J, Moore JE. Prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in a population of zoo animals. Zoonoses Public Health 2008; 55:166-72. [PMID: 18331520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Faecal prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, including Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, as well as Arcobacter, were examined in 317 faecal specimens from 44 animal species in Belfast Zoological Gardens, during July-September 2006. Thermophilic campylobacters including Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari, were the most frequently isolated pathogens, where members of this genus were isolated from 11 animal species (11 of 44; 25%). Yersinia spp. were isolated from seven animal species (seven of 44; 15.9%) and included, Yersinia enterocolitica (five of seven isolates; 71.4%) and one isolate each of Yersinia frederiksenii and Yersinia kristensenii. Only one isolate of Salmonella was obtained throughout the entire study, which was an isolate of Salmonella dublin (O 1,9,12: H g, p), originating from tiger faeces after enrichment. None of the animal species found in public contact areas of the zoo were positive for any gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. Also, water from the lake in the centre of the grounds, was examined for the same bacterial pathogens and was found to contain C. jejuni. This study is the first report on the isolation of a number of important bacterial pathogens from a variety of novel host species, C. jejuni from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), C. lari from a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Y. kristensenii from a vicugna (Vicugna vicugna) and Y. enterocolitica from a maned wolf and red panda (Ailurus fulgens). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the faeces of animals in public contact areas of the zoo were not positive for the bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens examined. This is reassuring for the public health of visitors, particularly children, who enjoy this educational and recreational resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stirling
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AD, Northern Ireland
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20
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Nagano Y, Watabe M, Porter KG, Coulter WA, Millar BC, Elborn JS, Goldsmith CE, Rooney PJ, Loughrey A, Moore JE. Development of a genus-specific PCR assay for the molecular detection, confirmation and identification of Fusobacterium spp. Br J Biomed Sci 2007; 64:74-7. [PMID: 17633142 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2007.11732760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay is developed for the detection and identification of clinically relevant Fusobacterium species, including F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum. Two 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) primers, FUSO1 (forward primer: 5'-GAG AGA GCT TTG CGT CC-3' [17-mer]) and FUSO 2 (reverse primer: 5'-TGG GCG CTG AGG TTC GAC -3' [18-mer]) are designed to target conserved regions of the 16S rDNA gene for Fusobacterium spp. Subsequent proof-of-principle studies employing this assay detected Fusobacterium spp. in the faeces of eight (10%) out of 80 patients with suspected gastrointestinal infection. This assay may be used for the genus-specific detection of Fusobacterium spp. from clinical specimens and for subsequent species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nagano
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, UK
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21
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Millar BC, Loughrey A, Elborn JS, Moore JE. Proposed definitions of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). J Hosp Infect 2007; 67:109-13. [PMID: 17669546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new type of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is emerging as a significant pathogen in otherwise healthy individuals in the community. This MRSA is distinct from healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA, in terms of epidemiology, microbiology and clinical manifestations. A considerable number of reports are beginning to appear describing the organism and associated infections in the literature. However, within these reports, there is a lack of consensus as to the terminology used to describe community-associated (CA)-MRSA. This confusion is further compounded with the recent emergence of nosocomial transmission of CA-MRSA within hospitals. The aim of this article is to highlight the differences between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA and to propose standard definitions of the various subgroups of CA-MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
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Wishart K, Loughrey A, McClurg RB, Goldsmith CE, Millar BC, Rao J, Sengupta B, Dooley JSG, Rooney RJ, Moore JE. Lack of horizontal gene transfer of methicillin-resistance genetic determinants from PBP2a-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Br J Biomed Sci 2007; 64:6-9. [PMID: 17444411 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2007.11732747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous research shows that approximately half of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Belfast City Hospital were resistant to methicillin. The presence of this relatively high proportion of methicillin-resistance genetic material gives rise to speculation that these organisms may act as potential reservoirs of methicillin-resistance genetic material to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer from PBP2a-positive CNS to MSSA, potentially transforming MSSA to MRSA, aided by electroporation-type activities such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), should be considered. Methicillin-resistant CNS (MR-CNS) isolates are collected over a two-month period from a variety of clinical specimen types, particularly wound swabs. The species of all isolates are confirmed, as well as their resistance to oxacillin by standard disc diffusion assays. In addition, MSSA isolates are collected over the same period and confirmed as PBP2a-negative. Electroporation experiments are designed to mimic the time/voltage combinations used commonly in the clinical application of TENS. No transformed MRSA were isolated and all viable S. aureus cells remained susceptible to oxacillin and PBP2a-negative. Experiments using MSSA pre-exposed to sublethal concentrations of oxacillin (0.25 microg/mL) showed no evidence of methicillin gene transfer and the generation of an MRSA. The study showed no evidence of horizontal transfer of methicillin resistance genetic material from MR-CNS to MSSA. These data support the belief that TENS and the associated time/voltage combinations used do not increase conjugational transposons or facilitate horizontal gene transfer from MR-CNS to MSSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wishart
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, UK
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Loughrey A, Rooney P, O'Leary M, McCalmont M, Warner M, Karisik E, Donaghy P, Smyth B, Woodford N, Livermore D. P1348 Prevalence of an epidemic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strain in LTCFs in Belfast. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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O'Leary M, Loughrey A, Rooney P, Buchanan J, Merron M, McCalmont M, Donaghy P, Smyth B. P3.16 An Investigation Into the Importance of Nursing Homes in the Epidemiology of ESBL Producing E. Coli. J Hosp Infect 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(06)60059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Woodford N, Ward ME, Kaufmann ME, Turton J, Fagan EJ, James D, Johnson AP, Pike R, Warner M, Cheasty T, Pearson A, Harry S, Leach JB, Loughrey A, Lowes JA, Warren RE, Livermore DM. Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54:735-43. [PMID: 15347638 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During 2003, the Health Protection Agency's Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring and Reference Laboratory began to receive isolates of Escherichia coli for confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production with a phenotype implying a CTX-M-type beta-lactamase, i.e. MICs of cefotaxime > or = 8-fold higher than MICs of ceftazidime. Many were referred as being from community patients. We examined 291 CTX-M-producing isolates from the UK and investigated the genetic basis of their phenotype. METHODS PCR was used to detect alleles encoding CTX-M enzymes and to assign these to their blaCTX-M phylogenetic groups. Selected alleles were sequenced. Producers were compared by analysis of banding patterns generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of XbaI-digested genomic DNA. MICs were determined by an agar dilution method or by Etest. RESULTS Of 291 CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates studied from 42 UK centres, 70 (24%) were reportedly from community patients, many of whom had only limited recent hospital contact. Community isolates were referred by 12 centres. Two hundred and seventy-nine (95.9%) producers contained genes encoding group 1 CTX-M enzymes and 12 contained blaCTX-M-9-like alleles. An epidemic CTX-M-15-producing strain was identified, with 110 community and inpatient isolates referred from six centres. Representatives of four other major strains also produced CTX-M-15, as did several sporadic isolates examined. Most producers were multi-resistant to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, tetracycline and aminoglycosides as well as to non-carbapenem beta-lactams. CONCLUSIONS CTX-M-producing E. coli are a rapidly developing problem in the UK, with CTX-M-15 particularly common. The diversity of producers and geographical scatter of referring laboratories indicates wide dissemination of blaCTX-M genes. Because of the public health implications, including for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections, the spread of these strains--and CTX-M-15 beta-lactamase in particular--merits close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Woodford
- Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring and Reference Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division-Colindale, Health Protection Agency, London.
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Hoffer EP, Mathewson HO, Loughrey A, Barnett GO. Use of computer-aided instruction in graduate nursing education: a controlled trial. J Emerg Nurs 1975; 1:27-9. [PMID: 1097779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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