1
|
Wik E, Trovik J, Kusonmano K, Birkeland E, Raeder MB, Pashtan I, Hoivik EA, Krakstad C, Werner HMJ, Holst F, Mjøs S, Halle MK, Mannelqvist M, Mauland KK, Oyan AM, Stefansson IM, Petersen K, Simon R, Cherniack AD, Meyerson M, Kalland KH, Akslen LA, Salvesen HB. Endometrial Carcinoma Recurrence Score (ECARS) validates to identify aggressive disease and associates with markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K alterations. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 134:599-606. [PMID: 24995579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previously reported 29-gene expression signature identified an aggressive subgroup of endometrial cancer patients with PI3K activation. We here wanted to validate these findings by independent patient series. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 29-gene expression signature was assessed in fresh frozen tumor tissue from 280 primary endometrial carcinomas (three independent cohorts), 19 metastatic lesions and in 333 primary endometrial carcinomas using TCGA data, and expression was related to clinico-pathologic features and survival. The 29-gene signature was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR, DNA oligonucleotide microarrays, or RNA sequencing. PI3K alterations were assessed by immunohistochemistry, DNA microarrays, DNA sequencing, SNP arrays or fluorescence in situ hybridization. A panel of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also correlated to the 29-gene signature score. RESULTS High 29-gene Endometrial Carcinoma Recurrence Score (ECARS) values consistently validated to identify patients with aggressive clinico-pathologic phenotype and reduced survival. Within the presumed favorable subgroups of low grade, endometrioid tumors confined to the uterus, high ECARS still predicted a poor prognosis. The score was higher in metastatic compared to primary lesions (P<0.001) and was significantly associated with potential measures of PI3K activation, markers of EMT and vascular invasion as an indicator of metastatic spread (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS ECARS validates to identify aggressive endometrial carcinomas in multiple, independent patients cohorts. The higher signature score in metastatic compared to primary lesions, and the potential link to PI3K activation and EMT, support further studies of ECARS in relation to response to PI3K and EMT inhibitors in clinical trials of metastatic endometrial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - J Trovik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - K Kusonmano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Birkeland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M B Raeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - I Pashtan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E A Hoivik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - C Krakstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - H M J Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - F Holst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - S Mjøs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - M K Halle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - M Mannelqvist
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K K Mauland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - A M Oyan
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I M Stefansson
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Petersen
- Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Simon
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A D Cherniack
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - M Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K H Kalland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - L A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H B Salvesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Engerud H, Tangen IL, Berg A, Kusonmano K, Halle MK, Oyan AM, Kalland KH, Stefansson I, Trovik J, Salvesen HB, Krakstad C. High level of HSF1 associates with aggressive endometrial carcinoma and suggests potential for HSP90 inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:78-84. [PMID: 24853175 PMCID: PMC4090731 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent identification of a specific role of HSF1 in cancer progression has led to new relevance of HSF1 as both a prognostic and a predictive marker. The role of HSF1 in endometrial cancer has so far been unexplored. Methods: A total of 823 lesions from endometrial carcinoma precursors, primary tumours and metastases were prospectively collected and explored for HSF1 protein expression in relation to established markers for aggressive disease and survival. Transcriptional alterations related to HSF1 protein level were investigated by microarray analysis for 224 freshly frozen samples in parallel. Results: High expression of HSF1 protein in endometrial carcinoma is significantly associated with aggressive disease and poor survival (all P-values ⩽0.02), also among ERα-positive patients presumed to have good prognosis. The HSF1-related gene signatures increase during disease progression and were also found to have prognostic value. Gene expression analyses identified HSP90 inhibition as a potential novel therapeutic approach for cases with high protein expression of HSF1. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time in endometrial cancer that high expression of HSF1 and measures for transcriptional activation of HSF1 associate with poor outcome and disease progression. The HSP90 inhibitors are suggested as new targeted therapeutics for patients with high HSF1 levels in tumour in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Engerud
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I L Tangen
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Berg
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Kusonmano
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway [3] Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M K Halle
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - A M Oyan
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K H Kalland
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Stefansson
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Trovik
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H B Salvesen
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Krakstad
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stuhr LEB, Raa A, Oyan AM, Kalland KH, Sakariassen PO, Petersen K, Bjerkvig R, Reed RK. Hyperoxia retards growth and induces apoptosis, changes in vascular density and gene expression in transplanted gliomas in nude rats. J Neurooncol 2007; 85:191-202. [PMID: 17557137 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the biological effects of hyperoxic treatment on BT4C rat glioma xenografts in vivo with special reference to tumor growth, angiogenesis, apoptosis, general morphology and gene expression parameters. One group of tumor bearing animals was exposed to normobaric hyperoxia (1 bar, pO(2) = 1.0) and another group was exposed to hyperbaric hyperoxia (2 bar, pO(2) = 2.0), whereas animals housed under normal atmosphere (1 bar, pO(2) = 0.2) served as controls. All treatments were performed at day 1, 4 and 7 for 90 min. Treatment effects were determined by assessment of tumor growth, vascular morphology (immunostaining for von Willebrand factor), apoptosis by TUNEL staining and cell proliferation by Ki67 staining. Moreover, gene expression profiles were obtained and verified by real time quantitative PCR. Hyperoxic treatment caused a approximately 60% reduction in tumor growth compared to the control group after 9 days (p < 0.01). Light microscopy showed that the tumors exposed to hyperoxia contained large "empty spaces" within the tumor mass. Moreover, hyperoxia induced a significant increase in the fraction of apoptotic cells ( approximately 21%), with no significant change in cell proliferation. After 2 bar treatment, the mean vascular density was reduced in the central parts of the tumors compared to the control and 1 bar group. The vessel diameters were significantly reduced (11-24%) in both parts of the tumor tissue. Evidence of induced cell death and reduced angiogenesis was reflected by gene expression analyses.Increased pO(2)-levels in experimental gliomas, using normobaric and moderate hyperbaric oxygen therapy, caused a significant reduction in tumor growth. This process is characterized by enhanced cell death, reduced vascular density and changes in gene expression corresponding to these effects.
Collapse
|
5
|
Oyan AM, Nilsen F, Goksøyr A, Holmqvist B. Partial cloning of constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases and detailed neuronal expression of NOS mRNA in the cerebellum and optic tectum of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 78:38-49. [PMID: 10891583 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies of different species have implicated nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) in various physiological and pathological events. Three major NOS isoforms are present in the brain of mammals; endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). Little is known about the significance of the presence of these proteins in the brain. We report the first investigation into the presence of nNOS and iNOS isoforms in a teleost, adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Complementary DNA was synthesized from cerebellum and thymus mRNA using RT-PCR techniques with primers against conserved regions of NOS. Cloning and sequencing revealed a partial gene sequence of 560 bp corresponding to mammalian nNOS from cerebellum cDNA. The predicted protein sequence of identified salmon nNOS possessed 85% identity to that of mammalian nNOS. Northern blot analysis of different tissues revealed expression in brain and heart, and indicated expression of three different nNOS mRNAs in the brain. In addition, a 389 bp sequence corresponding to iNOS was identified in thymus cDNA. Salmon iNOS is almost identical to rainbow trout iNOS (95%), but shows much less amino acid identity to goldfish (65%) and mammalian (52%) iNOS. Phylogenetically, all vertebrate nNOS and iNOS homologues are clustered separately. Expression studies by means of in situ hybridization revealed abundant nNOS mRNA transcripts in distinct neuronal populations throughout the Purkinje cell layer of the corpus cerebellum and the periventricular layer of the optic tectum. Our data show that adult Atlantic salmon possess a gene encoding an nNOS isoform and putative alternatively spliced forms, which are expressed in distinct neuronal populations in the cerebellum and optic tectum, and in yet unidentified cell types in the heart. The data suggest that the arising of different vertebrate NOS isoforms is an evolutionary old event. The well conserved sequences present in salmon and mammalian nNOS may reflect their importance in protein function, whereas interspecies distributional differences in cellular expression of nNOS and sequence differences of iNOS may reflect variations and specializations in routes of NO action in the vertebrate phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Oyan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kalland KH, Kalvenes MB, Oyan AM, Haukenes G. Study of transcription in measles virus-infected Vero cells using cDNA probes prepared from poly(A)RNA from uninfected and infected cells. APMIS 1991; 99:33-41. [PMID: 1671552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1991.tb05115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
From af primary plasmid cDNA library prepared from measles virus-infected Vero cell poly(A)RNA, 435 clones selected at random were used to examine the sensitivity and specificity of cDNA probes derived from total poly(A)RNA from uninfected and infected Vero cells. The correlation between the abundance level of a particular species in the cDNA probe and the hybridization signal strength generated by the corresponding cDNA clone on a filter was reliably determined only when at least three independently prepared filters were examined. Variation in the amount of target plasmid was the most important cause of spurious signals. Variation in cDNA insert length did not disturb the signal strength within certain limits. cDNA species with abundance levels down to 0.08-0.01% were able to produce a hybridization signal above background. Unspecific cross-hybridization was shown to define the sensitivity limit of mixed cDNA probes. Despite the many false signals present at different stages, cDNA probes provided valuable information: the cDNA probes were used to monitor relative RNA expression levels and to clone five different measles virus transcripts and 2 host cell transcripts more abundantly expressed in infected cells. The abundance levels of the measles virus nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein, matrix, fusion protein and haemagglutinin genes were 1.5%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.75% and 0.5%, respectively, of the total cDNA library.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Kalland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|