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Vinnarasi F, Srinivasamoorthy K, Saravanan K, Rajesh Kanna A, Gopinath S, Prakash R, Ponnumani G, Babu C. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and risk evaluation of potential toxic elements in groundwater from Shanmughanadhi, Tamilnadu, India. Environ Res 2022; 204:112199. [PMID: 34673025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogeochemical and Health Risk Assessments of trace elements are integral to groundwater resource assessment, utilization, and human health. Investigation of groundwater chemistry and trace elemental impact on local inhabitants were attempted in Shanmuganadhi basin, Tamilnadu, India. About 60 groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon period and analyzed for hydrochemical composition, including major and trace elements (Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu Pb, Mn, and As) to isolate chemical characteristics and human health risk assessment. Groundwater geochemistry is prejudiced by geochemical reactions uniting cation exchange, dissolution and precipitation, adsorption, and anthropogenic contributions. About thirty-two percent of groundwater samples recorded higher F-(>1.5 mg/L) than the prescribed limit suggests sources from rock weathering and silicate dissolution. Nitrates (>45.0 mg/L) suggest sources from agricultural influences. Water types indicate alkalis (Na+ + K+) dominating alkali earth (Ca2+ - Mg2+) and strong acids (Cl- and SO42-) looming weak acid (CO32- and HCO3-) irrespective of water samples. The geochemical stability diagram suggests precipitation of silica, carbonate, and magnesium and dissolution of sulphate minerals along the groundwater flow path. Significant correlation between major ions and trace elements (Pb, Mn, Ni, and Cu) suggests origin from rock weathering, human impacts, and cultivation practices. Non-carcinogenic human risk for trace elements was higher in children compared with adults via ingestion and dermal exposure. The carcinogenic result suggests that Cr in CHK (7.1 × 10-2) and HBG (4.3 × 10-2) have the most excellent chance of cancer risk. The environmental risk category attempted using Comprehensive risk factor (CRI) suggests Pb (3.2-CHK, 2.6-HBG) with potential cancer risk. The comprehensive evaluation index recommends environmental damage between mild to moderate, indicating continuous exposure of traceable elements might result in cancer cause to the inhabitants. The study suggests water quality seems to be prejudiced by various geological and anthropogenic causes and endorses counteractive measures and proper execution of existing laws to protect groundwater resources in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vinnarasi
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
| | - K Srinivasamoorthy
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - K Saravanan
- Soil Mechanics Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - A Rajesh Kanna
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - S Gopinath
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - R Prakash
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India
| | - G Ponnumani
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - C Babu
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
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Sivasankar P, Rajesh Kanna A, Suresh Kumar G, Gummadi SN. Numerical modelling of biophysicochemical effects on multispecies reactive transport in porous media involving Pseudomonas putida for potential microbial enhanced oil recovery application. Bioresour Technol 2016; 211:348-359. [PMID: 27030954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
pH and resident time of injected slug plays a critical role in characterizing the reservoir for potential microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) application. To investigate MEOR processes, a multispecies (microbes-nutrients) reactive transport model in porous media was developed by coupling kinetic and transport model. The present work differs from earlier works by explicitly determining parametric values required for kinetic model by experimental investigations using Pseudomonas putida at different pH conditions and subsequently performing sensitivity analysis of pH, resident time and water saturation on concentrations of microbes, nutrients and biosurfactant within reservoir. The results suggest that nutrient utilization and biosurfactant production are found to be maximum at pH 8 and 7.5 respectively. It is also found that the sucrose and biosurfactant concentrations are highly sensitive to pH rather than reservoir microbial concentration, while at larger resident time and water saturation, the microbial and nutrient concentrations were lesser due to enhanced dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sivasankar
- Petroleum Engineering Program, Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - A Rajesh Kanna
- Petroleum Engineering Program, Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - G Suresh Kumar
- Petroleum Engineering Program, Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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