Fixed target matrix for femtosecond time-resolved and in situ serial micro-crystallography

We present a crystallography chip enabling in situ room temperature crystallography at microfocus synchrotron beamlines and X-ray free-electron laser (X-FEL) sources. Compared to other in situ approaches, we observe extremely low background and high diffraction data quality. The chip design is robust and allows fast and efficient loading of thousands of small crystals. The ability to load a large number of protein crystals, at room temperature and with high efficiency, into prescribed positions enables high throughput automated serial crystallography with microfocus synchrotron beamlines. In addition, we demonstrate the application of this chip for femtosecond time-resolved serial crystallography at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS, Menlo Park, California, USA). The chip concept enables multiple images to be acquired from each crystal, allowing differential detection of changes in diffraction intensities in order to obtain high signal-to-noise and fully exploit the time resolution capabilities of XFELs.

[Working atmosphere in primary care: what needs improving?]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the factors linked to the perception of professional quality of life (PQL) in a health area.

DESIGN

Analytical cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Area 11, primary care, Madrid.

PARTICIPANTS

The professionals in the area (1436) were stratified into three groups: I) doctors, pharmacists and psychologists; II) nurses, midwives, physiotherapists and social workers, and III) administrative and nursing assistants and caretakers.

INTERVENTIONS

A satisfaction questionnaire (PQL-35) was sent out to 450 professionals selected at random. 282 replies were received (62.7%). All calculations used 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS

The mean PQL score (scale from 1 to 10) was 5.14 (4.90-5.37); for intrinsic motivation (IM), 7.41 (7.26-7.53); for management support (MS), 4.80 (4.64-4.96); and for work-loads (WL), 6.06 (5.91-6.21). Perception of PQL was higher in women, group II and professionals with fewer work demands. Perception of best MS was in women, urban centres and people in charge of administrative areas. Women and temporary workers had higher IM. WL perception was higher in groups I and III. Age, marital status, work shift, length of employment, number of companions and belonging to management committees were not related to PQL. In the multi-variate analysis MS was found to be the factor most affecting PQL.

CONCLUSIONS

Perception of PQL is medium-low, with adequate intrinsic motivation but a certain discontent related to high work-loads and perception of scant management support.

[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: long-term follow up study in a pediatric population (86 cases)]

Eighty six patients (48 males and 38 females) with W-P-W diagnosed before the age of 15 years had a maximum follow-up of 20 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 3 y and 5 m., most cases being concentrated in the first 6 months of life (37%). Twenty seven (31.4%) had associated heart disease, the more common being: ventricular septal defect (6 cases), Ebstein malformation (5 cases) and transposition of the great arteries (4 cases). Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was the commonest form of clinical presentation, followed by examination because heart murmur or heart disease. Fifty patients (58%) had SVT along the follow-up. SVT was more frequent in W-P-W type A than in type B (p less than 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.001) between the association of SVT and the absence of heart disease, but the finding must be questioned because the true incidence of W-P-W in normal population is unknown. There also were a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between the association of W-P-W type B and the presence of heart disease. An electrophysiologic study was performed in 11 patients, 6 of them being concealed W-P-W. Four patients were operated upon because of SVT. We have studied a total of 154 SVT episodes in the 50 patients with SVT. The treatment more frequently used to finish the SVT included: verapamil, DC-Countershock and Digoxin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)