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Rothoeft T, Maier C, Talarico A, Hoffmann A, Schlegtendal A, Lange B, Petersmann A, Denz R, Timmesfeld N, Toepfner N, Vidal-Blanco E, Pfaender S, Lücke T, Brinkmann F. Natural and hybrid immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02225-w. [PMID: 38499828 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In contrast to adults, immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents with natural or hybrid immunity is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze different immune compartments in different age groups and whether humoral immune reactions correlate with a cellular immune response. METHODS 72 children and adolescents with a preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. 37 were vaccinated with an RNA vaccine (BNT162b2). Humoral immunity was analyzed 3-26 months (median 10 months) after infection by measuring Spike protein (S), nucleocapsid (NCP), and neutralizing antibodies (nAB). Cellular immunity was analyzed using a SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). RESULTS All children and adolescents had S antibodies; titers were higher in those with hybrid immunity (14,900 BAU/ml vs. 2118 BAU/ml). NCP antibodies were detectable in > 90%. Neutralizing antibodies (nAB) were more frequently detected (90%) with higher titers (1914 RLU) in adolescents with hybrid immunity than in children with natural immunity (62.5%, 476 RLU). Children with natural immunity were less likely to have reactive IGRAs (43.8%) than adolescents with hybrid immunity (85%). The amount of interferon-γ released by T cells was comparable in natural and hybrid immunity. CONCLUSION Spike antibodies are the most reliable markers to monitor an immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2. High antibody titers of spike antibodies and nAB correlated with cellular immunity, a phenomenon found only in adolescents with hybrid immunity. Hybrid immunity is associated with markedly higher antibody titers and a higher probability of a cellular immune response than a natural immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rothoeft
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
| | - C Maier
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Talarico
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Hoffmann
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Schlegtendal
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - B Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - A Petersmann
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Denz
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Timmesfeld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Toepfner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Vidal-Blanco
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Pfaender
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Lücke
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - F Brinkmann
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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Lukasik H, Grote H, Bogaert S, Volkenstein S, Schlegtendal A, Eitner L, Beermann L, Maier C, Brinkmann F, van Ackeren K. Olfactory disorders in childhood: A comparative study of olfaction in children with adenoid hyperplasia versus a control group and the postoperative effects of adenoidectomy with respect to olfactory ability. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 174:111735. [PMID: 37801831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyposmia in childhood is poorly characterized. The "U-Sniff Test", validated for children with anosmia, can be used to objectify olfactory impairment but has not been used to distinguish between hyposmia and normosmia. Therefore, we investigated children with enlarged adenoids with respect to hyposmia, its correlation with adenoid size, and the sensitivity of questionnaires to predict olfactory impairment. METHODS In a prospective comparison, olfaction was assessed by "U-Sniff Test" (score 0-12; <8 hyposmia) in 41 children (5-18 years) with adenoid hyperplasia and compared with 196 children without any respiratory affection (control) after exclusion of previous SARS-Cov2-infection from December 2020 to December 2021. ENT-related complaints were collected using a self-designed questionnaire. We were able to include 13 children in a follow-up examination to compare preoperative performance in the "U-Sniff Test" with postoperative outcome after adenoidectomy. STATISTICS chi-square-test (p < 0.05), odds-ratio, Spearman's rho, ROC-, cluster analysis. RESULTS Severe hyposmia was present in 36.6% of children with adenoid-hyperplasia compared to 3.1% of the control-group. Adenoid-children scored significantly more often between 8 and 10 points (58.5%) than the control (31.6%; p < 0.01). Adenoid size and olfactory performance correlate significantly (r: 0.83; CI -0.89 … -0.72). Hyposmia in the adenoid group is characterized predominately by loss of the odors banana, butter and rose. None of children with hyposmia or parents reported impaired olfactory performance. Postoperatively, olfactory function improved significantly in 85% of cases (p 0.01, SD ± 1.71, Δ3.54points). CONCLUSION Questionnaires are insufficient to detect hyposmia in this cohort. In contrast, the "U-Sniff Test" detects even reduced olfactory performance without reaching the cut-off value, which represents the majority of test results in the adenoid group. Therefore, we recommend the classification of moderate hyposmia (8-10 points) to be included for our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lukasik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - H Grote
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Bogaert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Volkenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - A Schlegtendal
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Eitner
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Beermann
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - C Maier
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - F Brinkmann
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, German Center for Lung Research (ARCN, DZL), Luebeck, Germany
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Rumpf C, Schwartbeck B, Hait R, Deiwick S, Decker C, Romme K, Dübbers A, Küster P, Graepler-Mainka U, Hebestreit H, van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel S, Renner S, Wollschläger B, Naehrig S, Sterling F, Schlegtendal A, Sutharsan S, Ballmann M, Junge S, Kahl B. ePS3.01 Preliminary results of an ongoing study, which determines the prevalence and possible impact of mucoid Staphylococcus aureus on lung disease of people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Röhmel J, Dörfler F, Koerner-Rettberg C, Brinkmann F, Schlegtendal A, Wetzke M, Helms S, Große-Onnebrink J, Yu Y, Nuesslein T, Wojsyk-Banaszak I, Becker S, Eickmeier O, Sommerburg O, Omran H, Stahl M, Mall M, Rudolf I. ePS5.09 Comparison of the Lung Clearance Index in preschool children with primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Stahl M, Ricklefs I, Dopfer C, Barth S, Schlegtendal A, Graeber S, Sommerburg O, Diekmann G, Wielpuetz M, Kauczor HU, Hüsing J, Koerner-Rettberg C, Naehrlich L, Tümmler B, Kopp M, Mall M. WS14.3 Randomised, double-blind, controlled pilot study on safety and efficacy of hypertonic saline as preventive inhalation therapy in infants with CF (PRESIS). J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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