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Kasoha M, Steinbach A, Seibold A, Bohle RM, Doerk M, Linxweiler B, Solomayer EF, Radosa JC. Die Rolle des Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) als prädiktiver Marker für das Ansprechen auf neoadjuvante Chemotherapie bei Patienten mit primärem Mammakarzinom. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Kasoha
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktiosmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - A Steinbach
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktiosmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - A Seibold
- Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - RM Bohle
- Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - M Doerk
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktiosmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - B Linxweiler
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktiosmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - EF Solomayer
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktiosmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - JC Radosa
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktiosmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
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Koenen A, Steinbach A, Schaper K, Zimmermann U, Miehe B, Kurt B, Rettig R, Grisk O. Effects of renal denervation on renal pelvic contractions and connexin expression in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:240-53. [PMID: 26436542 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The renal pelvis shows spontaneous rhythmic contractile activity. We assessed to what extent this activity depends on renal innervation and studied the role of connexins in pelvic contractions. METHODS Rats underwent unilateral renal denervation or renal transplantation. Renal pelvic pressure and diuresis were measured in vivo. Spontaneous and agonist-induced contractions of isolated renal pelves were investigated by wire myography. Rat and human renal pelvic connexin mRNA abundances and connexin localization were studied by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence respectively. RESULTS Renal denervation or transplantation increased renal pelvic pressure in vivo by about 60 and 150%, respectively, but did not significantly affect pelvic contraction frequency. Under in vitro conditions, isolated pelvic preparations from innervated or denervated kidneys showed spontaneous contractions. Pelves from denervated kidneys showed about 50% higher contraction frequencies than pelves from innervated kidneys, whereas contraction force was similar in pelves from denervated and innervated kidneys. There was no denervation-induced supersensitivity to noradrenaline or endothelin-1. Renal denervation did not increase pelvic connexin37, 40, 43 or 45 mRNA abundances. Gap junction blockade had no effect on spontaneous pelvic contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS The denervation-induced effect on pelvic pressure may be the consequence of the enhanced diuresis. The mechanisms underlying the denervation-induced effects on pelvic contraction frequency remain unknown. Our data rule out a major role for two important candidates, by showing that renal denervation neither induced supersensitivity to contractile agonists nor increased connexin mRNA abundance in the pelvic wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Koenen
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
| | - A. Steinbach
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
| | - K. Schaper
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
| | - U. Zimmermann
- Department of Urology; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - B. Miehe
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - B. Kurt
- Department of Physiology; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - R. Rettig
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
| | - O. Grisk
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
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Hamprecht A, Buchheidt D, Vehreschild JJ, Cornely OA, Spiess B, Plum G, Halbsguth TV, Kutsch N, Stippel D, Kahl P, Persigehl T, Steinbach A, Bos B, Hallek M, Vehreschild MJ. Azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia in Germany. Euro Surveill 2012. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.36.20262-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first culture-proven case of invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia in Germany. IA presented as breakthrough infection under posaconazole prophylaxis. Analysis of the resistance mechanism revealed the TR/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene, which indicates an environmental origin of the strain. This case underscores the need for monitoring azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. and for routine susceptibility testing of moulds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Buchheidt
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J J Vehreschild
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - O A Cornely
- Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, ZKS Köln (BMBF 01KN1106), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Spiess
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G Plum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T V Halbsguth
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Kutsch
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Stippel
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - P Kahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Germany
| | - A Steinbach
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Bos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Hallek
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M J Vehreschild
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hamprecht A, Buchheidt D, Vehreschild JJ, Cornely OA, Spiess B, Plum G, Halbsguth TV, Kutsch N, Stippel D, Kahl P, Persigehl T, Steinbach A, Bos B, Hallek M, Vehreschild MJ. Azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia in Germany. Euro Surveill 2012; 17:20262. [PMID: 22971327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first culture-proven case of invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia in Germany. IA presented as breakthrough infection under posaconazole prophylaxis. Analysis of the resistance mechanism revealed the TR/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene, which indicates an environmental origin of the strain. This case underscores the need for monitoring azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. and for routine susceptibility testing of moulds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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5
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Karthaus M, Rüping MJGT, Cornely OA, Steinbach A, Groll AH, Lass-Flörl C, Ostermann H, Ruhnke M, Vehreschild JJ. Current issues in the clinical management of invasive candida infections--the AGIHO, DMykG, ÖGMM and PEG web-based survey and expert consensus conference 2009. Mycoses 2011; 54:e546-56. [PMID: 21554423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.01988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify unsolved issues in the management of invasive candidiasis, identify controversies and achieve consensus. The German Speaking Mycological Society (Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft, DMykG e.V.) asked other German infectious diseases (ID) and mycological societies to submit unsolved issues concerning the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections. Based on these contributions, a digital web-based questionnaire of 12 questions on Candida infections was designed to be completed by experts of the participating societies. Controversial results were identified by a mathematical model and were discussed at a consensus conference during the 43rd Annual Meeting of the DMykG e.V. in Cologne, Germany. Forty-two individuals completed the questionnaire. Analysis showed a strong consensus on treatment indications, choice of antifungals for clinical situations, handling of central venous catheters, duration of treatment and role of susceptibility testing. Opinions diverged on: initial treatment of haemodynamically stable neutropenic and haemodynamically unstable non-neutropenic patients, step down to oral treatment and the differential role of the echinocandins. These questions were presented for discussion at the expert consensus conference. In three of four questions, consensus was achieved. A two-step approach - web-based survey plus classical panel discussion - allows to capture expeditiously the opinions of a large and diverse group of individuals, to identify controversial issues and to resolve them in a personal, interactive setting. Thus, expert consensus was achieved on nine of 12 important questions on how to treat invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karthaus
- Cancer Center Munich South, Klinikum Neuperlach and Harlaching, Munich, Germany
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6
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Steinbach A, Winkenbach R, Ehmsen H. Materialeffizienz und Nachhaltigkeit in der Chemie: Wo stehen wir heute? CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Steinbach A, Winkenbach R, Ehmsen H. Materialeffizienz und Nachhaltigkeit in der Chemie: Materialeffizienz-orientierte Prozessanalysen in der Praxis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vehreschild JJ, Rüping MJGT, Wisplinghoff H, Farowski F, Steinbach A, Sims R, Stollorz A, Kreuzer KA, Hallek M, Bangard C, Cornely OA. Clinical effectiveness of posaconazole prophylaxis in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML): a 6 year experience of the Cologne AML cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:1466-71. [PMID: 20410061 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large randomized controlled trials have shown significant decreases in morbidity and mortality in leukaemia patients with posaconazole prophylaxis. However, the value of prophylaxis has been questioned in centres with a low incidence of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) and pre-emptive treatment strategies. METHODS We prospectively evaluated the epidemiology of IFDs in acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) patients undergoing first remission-induction chemotherapy before and after posaconazole prophylaxis had been introduced as a standard of care. Patients admitted from January 2003 to December 2005 received topical polyenes as antifungal prophylaxis (first group), while those admitted between January 2006 and December 2008 received 200 mg of oral posaconazole three times daily (second group). Other diagnostic and therapeutic standard operating procedures remained unchanged. RESULTS A total of 82 patients in the polyene prophylaxis group and 77 in the posaconazole prophylaxis group were included in the final analysis. Baseline characteristics were well matched between groups. Patients receiving topical polyene prophylaxis were more likely to experience breakthrough IFDs (19.5% and 3.9%; P = 0.003) or breakthrough aspergillosis (13.4% and 2.6%; P = 0.018) than patients receiving systemic posaconazole prophylaxis. They also had more febrile days (mean 10.7 +/- 9.66 and 7.3 +/- 5.73; P = 0.007), longer need for inpatient treatment (mean 53.0 +/- 24.16 and 46.0 +/- 14.39; P = 0.026) and a shorter fungal-free survival (78.7 and 90.4 days; P = 0.024). No significant differences were observed for persistent fever, pneumonia, lung infiltrates indicative of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, or attributable and overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS After introduction of posaconazole prophylaxis for patients with AML, the number of febrile days, the incidence rate of IFDs and aspergillosis and the duration of hospitalization decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Vehreschild
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany.
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Lang N, Röpcke J, Zimmermann H, Steinbach A, Wege S. In situ monitoring of plasma etch processes with a quantum cascade laser arrangement in semiconductor industrial environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/157/1/012007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Klinger F, Grimm R, Steinbach A, Tanneberger M, Kunert-Keil C, Rettig R, Grisk O. Low NaCl intake elevates renal medullary endothelin-1 and endothelin A (ETA) receptor mRNA but not the sensitivity of renal Na+ excretion to ETA receptor blockade in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 192:429-42. [PMID: 17892519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was performed to investigate the effects of NaCl intake on renal mRNA expression of pre-pro-endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin A (ET(A)) and endothelin B (ET(B)) receptors as well as on renal ET-1 content in rats. We further tested for NaCl intake-dependent differences in the contribution of the ET system to renal sodium handling. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats with telemetric devices were randomized to 0.15%, 0.60% and 1.80% NaCl diets with or without losartan. Renal sodium balance and arterial pressure were monitored. Renal blood flow and fractional sodium excretion (FENa) were measured in response to acute infusion of ET(A) and ET(B) blockers into the inner stripe of the outer renal medulla. RESULTS Medullary pre-pro-ET-1, ET(A) and ET(B) receptor mRNA was 50%, 81% and 33% higher in rats on 0.15% vs. 1.80% NaCl. Losartan reduced medullary gene expression in rats on 0.15% NaCl. Medullary ET-1 content was 983 +/- 88 and 479 +/- 42 ng mg(-1) protein in rats on 0.15% and 1.80% NaCl (P < 0.001). Chronic ET(A) receptor blocker treatment reduced arterial pressure by 8-10 mmHg in rats on 0.15% vs. 1.80% NaCl without affecting renal sodium balances. Acute medullary ET(A) or ET(B) receptor blockade did not alter medullary blood flow and FENa in animals on either diet. CONCLUSION In rats renal medullary ET-1 content and mRNA expression of three ET system components are inversely related to NaCl intake. Higher expression levels on low NaCl intake are AT(1) receptor dependent but are not associated with increased sensitivity of renal sodium handling to ET(A) receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Klinger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Thienel F, Atahi J, Wernsing M, Wernsing N, Steinbach A, Schadwinkel N, Larbig M, Lemke C, Matthaei S. Effekt von Insulin Glulisin auf postprandiale Plasmaglucosespiegel bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes nach einer standardisierten Testmahlzeit im Vergleich zu Insulin Lispro. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Stancu G, Lang N, Röpcke J, Reinicke M, Steinbach A, Wege S. In Situ Monitoring of Silicon Plasma Etching Using a Quantum Cascade Laser Arrangement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200606584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Wolf R, Zimmermann D, Weber M, Feilen P, Ehrhart F, Salinas Jungjohann M, Katsen A, Behringer M, Gessner P, Pliess L, Steinbach A, Spitz J, Vásquez JA, Schneider S, Bamberg E, Weber MM, Zimmermann U, Zimmermann H. Real-time 3-D dark-field microscopy for the validation of the cross-linking process of alginate microcapsules. Biomaterials 2005; 26:6386-93. [PMID: 15913773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alginate-based microencapsulation is a promising method for long-term maintenance of cellular and membrane function of the cells and tissue fragments required for in vitro and in vivo biosensors, for tissue engineering and particularly for immunoisolation of non-autologous transplants. Microcapsules of high mechanical strength and optimum permeability can be produced by injection of BaCl2 crystals into alginate droplets before they come into contact with external Ba2+. A key requirement is that the system parameters (number of crystals, speed of the crystal stream etc.) are properly adjusted according to the mannuronic and guluronic acid ratio and the average molecular mass of the alginate as well as to the diameter of the microcapsules. Robust, reliable, rapid and low-cost validation tools are, therefore, needed for assurance of the microcapsule quality. Here, we describe a novel three-dimensional (3-D) dark-field microscopy that allows the real-time measurement of the number and spatial distribution of the injected Ba2+ ions throughout the microcapsules after treatment with sulphate. This novel method requires only a conventional microscope equipped with three polarising filters and a double aperture stop. In contrast to confocal laser scanning microscopy images, peripherally attached BaSO4 precipitates can clearly be distinguished from internal ones. The data also demonstrate that several steps of the alginate gelling process must be improved before such immunoisolation can be used in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wolf
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie I, Elektronenmikroskopie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Sukhorukov VL, Reuss R, Zimmermann D, Held C, Müller KJ, Kiesel M, Gessner P, Steinbach A, Schenk WA, Bamberg E, Zimmermann U. Surviving High-Intensity Field Pulses: Strategies for Improving Robustness and Performance of Electrotransfection and Electrofusion. J Membr Biol 2005; 206:187-201. [PMID: 16456714 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-005-0791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrotransfection and electrofusion, both widely used in research and medical applications, still have to face a range of problems, including the existence of electroporation-resistant cell types, cell mortality and also great batch-to-batch variations of the transfection and fusion yields. In the present study, a systematic analysis of the parameters critical for the efficiency and robustness of electromanipulation protocols was performed on five mammalian cell types. Factors examined included the sugar composition of hypotonic pulse media (trehalose, sorbitol or inositol), the kinetics of cell volume changes prior to electropulsing, as well as the growth medium additives used for post-pulse cell cultivation. Whereas the disaccharide trehalose generally allowed regulatory volume decrease (RVD), the monomeric sugar alcohols sorbitol and inositol inhibited RVD or even induced secondary swelling. The different volume responses could be explained by the sugar selectivity of volume-sensitive channels (VSC) in the plasma membrane of all tested cell types. Based on the volumetric data, highest transfection and fusion yields were mostly achieved when the target cells were exposed to hypotonicity for about 2 min prior to electropulsing. Longer hypotonic treatment (10-20 min) decreased the yields of viable transfected and hybrid cells due to (1) the cell size reduction upon RVD (trehalose) or (2) the excessive losses of cytosolic electrolytes through VSC (inositol/sorbitol). Doping the plasma membrane with lipophilic anions prevented both cell shrinkage and ion losses (probably due to VSC inhibition), which in turn resulted in increased transfection and fusion efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Sukhorukov
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
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15
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Zimmermann H, Zimmermann D, Reuss R, Feilen PJ, Manz B, Katsen A, Weber M, Ihmig FR, Ehrhart F, Gessner P, Behringer M, Steinbach A, Wegner LH, Sukhorukov VL, Vásquez JA, Schneider S, Weber MM, Volke F, Wolf R, Zimmermann U. Towards a medically approved technology for alginate-based microcapsules allowing long-term immunoisolated transplantation. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2005; 16:491-501. [PMID: 15928863 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-0523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The concept of encapsulated-cell therapy is very appealing, but in practice a great deal of technology and know-how is needed for the production of long-term functional transplants. Alginate is one of the most promising biomaterials for immunoisolation of allogeneic and xenogeneic cells and tissues (such as Langerhans islets). Although great advances in alginate-based cell encapsulation have been reported, several improvements need to be made before routine clinical applications can be considered. Among these is the production of purified alginates with consistently high transplantation-grade quality. This depends to a great extent on the purity of the input algal source as well as on the development of alginate extraction and purification processes that can be validated. A key engineering challenge in designing immunoisolating alginate-based microcapsules is that of maintaining unimpeded exchange of nutrients, oxygen and therapeutic factors (released by the encapsulated cells), while simultaneously avoiding swelling and subsequent rupture of the microcapsules. This requires the development of efficient, validated and well-documented technology for cross-linking alginates with divalent cations. Clinical applications also require validated technology for long-term cryopreservation of encapsulated cells to maintaining a product inventory in order to meet end-user demands. As shown here these demands could be met by the development of novel, validated technologies for production of transplantation-grade alginate and microcapsule engineering and storage. The advances in alginate-based therapy are demonstrated by transplantation of encapsulated rat and human islet grafts that functioned properly for about 1 year in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zimmermann
- Abteilung Kryobiophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, 66386, St. Ingbert, Germany
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Peter A, Steinbach A, Liedl R, Ptak T, Michaelis W, Teutsch G. Assessing microbial degradation of o-xylene at field-scale from the reduction in mass flow rate combined with compound-specific isotope analyses. J Contam Hydrol 2004; 71:127-154. [PMID: 15145565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2003] [Revised: 09/12/2003] [Accepted: 09/26/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, natural attenuation (NA) has evolved into a possible remediation alternative, especially in the case of BTEX spills. In order to be approved by the regulators, biodegradation needs to be demonstrated which requires efficient site investigation and monitoring tools. Three methods--the Integral Groundwater Investigation method, the compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and a newly developed combination of both--were used in this work to quantify at field scale the biodegradation of o-xylene at a former gasworks site which is heavily contaminated with BTEX and PAHs. First, the Integral Groundwater Investigation method [Schwarz, R., Ptak, T., Holder, T., Teutsch, G., 1998. Groundwater risk assessment at contaminated sites: a new investigation approach. In: Herbert, M. and Kovar, K. (Editors), GQ'98 Groundwater Quality: Remediation and Protection. IAHS Publication 250, pp. 68-71; COH 4 (2000) 170] was applied, which allows the determination of mass flow rates of o-xylene by integral pumping tests. Concentration time series obtained during pumping at two wells were used to calculate inversely contaminant mass flow rates at the two control planes that are defined by the diameter of the maximum isochrone. A reactive transport model was used within a Monte Carlo approach to identify biodegradation as the dominant process for reduction in the contaminant mass flow rate between the two consecutive control planes. Secondly, compound-specific carbon isotope analyses of o-xylene were performed on the basis of point-scale samples from the same two wells. The Rayleigh equation was used to quantify the degree of biodegradation that occurred between the wells. Thirdly, a combination of the Integral Groundwater Investigation method and the compound-specific isotope analysis was developed and applied. It comprises isotope measurements during the integral pumping tests and the evaluation of delta13C time series by an inversion algorithm to obtain spatially integrated mean isotope values at the control planes. It was shown that the Rayleigh equation is applicable to spatially integrated mean isotope values in order to obtain the mean biodegradation between the consecutive control planes. All three approaches yielded consistently a 98-99% degradation of o-xylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peter
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Sigwartstr. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Steinbach A, Joyez P, Cottet A, Esteve D, Devoret MH, Huber ME, Martinis JM. Direct measurement of the Josephson supercurrent in an ultrasmall Josephson junction. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:137003. [PMID: 11580618 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.137003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the supercurrent flowing through a nonhysteretic, ultrasmall, voltage-biased Josephson junction. In contrast with experiments performed so far on hysteretic Josephson junctions, we find a supercurrent peak whose maximum I(s max) increases as the temperature T decreases. The asymptotic T = 0 value of I(s max) agrees with the junction Ambegaokar-Baratoff critical current, as predicted by theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steinbach
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steinbach
- University of California, Division of Health Sciences, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Esterhai JL, Clark JM, Morton HE, Smith DW, Steinbach A, Richter SD. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen exposure on oxygen tension within the medullary canal in the rabbit tibial osteomyelitis model. J Orthop Res 2001; 4:330-6. [PMID: 3734939 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect on intramedullary oxygen tension of 100% oxygen exposure at 1, 2, 2.4, and 3 atm pressure was studied in 12 New Zealand white rabbits with chronic right tibial osteomyelitis. The model, modified from that described by others, incorporates a multipuncture silastic closure plug placed transcortically in the proximal tibial metaphysis through which platinum needle, polarographic electrode oxygen tension determinations can be made without repeat surgical exposure. In 40% of the control, left, noninfected tibial metaphyses the baseline oxygen tension with the animals breathing room air at sea level was suboptimal for leukocyte bacterial killing. This oxygen tension was depressed further in the infected right tibia. Medullary canal oxygen tension increased in response to hyperbaric oxygen exposure in both the infected and noninfected tibiae. Whereas the amount of the oxygen tension increase varied with the presence of infection and depth of dive, neither the time for oxygen tension to plateau nor the time required for return to baseline tension after completion of hyperbaric oxygen exposure varied with the presence of infection or depth of dive. After completion of hyperbaric oxygen exposure, the oxygen tension within the medullary canal returned to baseline within 15 min.
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Holschbach M, Hamkens W, Steinbach A, Hamacher K, Stöcklin G. [13N]Cisplatin: a fast and efficient on-line synthesis using a solid state support. Appl Radiat Isot 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(96)00323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Goldberg SK, Walkenstein MD, Steinbach A, Aranson R. The role of staging bronchoscopy in the preoperative assessment of a solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest 1993; 104:94-7. [PMID: 8391964 DOI: 10.1378/chest.104.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to assess the role of a staging fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the preoperative assessment of an indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN), we reviewed our experience in 33 SPNs identified among 1,269 bronchoscopies performed at the Albert Einstein Medical Center between 1985 and 1989. All lesions were less than 4 cm in greatest diameter and were not associated with symptoms of weight loss, chest pain, hemoptysis, localized wheezing, or hoarseness. A tissue diagnosis was established in 25 patients, 23 of whom had a malignant SPN. This study failed to detect a single case in which a fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination of the airway discovered a lesion that would preclude surgery and potentially curative resection. We recommend the abandonment of a staging bronchoscopy in the evaluation of a patient with an indeterminant SPN in whom history, physical examination, laboratory, and imaging studies fail to document contraindications to surgery. No additional useful information is derived and a substantial cost savings to the patient can be realized if the procedure is eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia 19141
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Steinbach A. Pap smear adequacy. J Am Board Fam Pract 1989; 2:294. [PMID: 2801202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Adler
- Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Abstract
It is shown that, insofar as radiation damage is concerned, transmission neutron microscopy using neutrons in the energy range approximately 0.0001-1.0 eV is extremely attractive for the imaging of specialized organic materials. By "specialized organic materials" is meant organic specimens composed entirely of specific isotopes that have been selected on the basis of their favorable properties with regard to radiation damage. In connection with such specimens, it is demonstrated that at a resolution of, for example, 100 A, neutrons will have an advantage over soft X-rays in terms of radiation damage, provided that the inherent (neutron) bright field image contrast turns out to be greater than 10(-5). Suggestions relating to (a) the comprehensive calculation of the radiation damage sustained by specialized organic specimens under slow neutron irradiation, (b) the construction of a theory of image formation in the neutron microscope, (c) the development of neutron lenses/focusing devices, and (d) the development of a brighter neutron source (essential for neutron microscopy) are outlined in some detail. The paper concludes with two appendices, which provide important background material.
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Wilson M, Steinbach A. Facts and fancies on high rise living. Can Fam Physician 1973; 19:72-74. [PMID: 20468903 PMCID: PMC2370675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors, after reviewing various findings and opinions about the effects of high rise living on each segment of the population, state their own findings from a six-year practice in a downtown Toronto complex of single family units and apartments. They show that the pathology of patients does not differ markedly in either group.
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Stefani E, Steinbach A. Persistence of excitation contraction coupling in "slow" muscle fibres after a treatment that destroys transverse tubules in "twitch" fibres. Nature 1968; 218:681-2. [PMID: 5655960 DOI: 10.1038/218681a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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