1
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Erb M, Hoffmann-Enger B, Deppe H, Soeberdt M, Haefeli RH, Rummey C, Feurer A, Gueven N. Features of idebenone and related short-chain quinones that rescue ATP levels under conditions of impaired mitochondrial complex I. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36153. [PMID: 22558363 PMCID: PMC3338594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain quinones have been investigated as therapeutic molecules due to their ability to modulate cellular redox reactions, mitochondrial electron transfer and oxidative stress, which are pathologically altered in many mitochondrial and neuromuscular disorders. Recently, we and others described that certain short-chain quinones are able to bypass a deficiency in complex I by shuttling electrons directly from the cytoplasm to complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to produce ATP. Although this energy rescue activity is highly interesting for the therapy of disorders associated with complex I dysfunction, no structure-activity-relationship has been reported for short-chain quinones so far. Using a panel of 70 quinones, we observed that the capacity for this cellular energy rescue as well as their effect on lipid peroxidation was influenced more by the physicochemical properties (in particular logD) of the whole molecule than the quinone moiety itself. Thus, the observed correlations allow us to explain the differential biological activities and therapeutic potential of short-chain quinones for the therapy of disorders associated with mitochondrial complex I dysfunction and/or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Erb
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals, Liestal, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Roman H. Haefeli
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals, Liestal, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nuri Gueven
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals, Liestal, Switzerland
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2
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Dallmann R, Weyermann P, Anklin C, Boroff M, Bray-French K, Cardel B, Courdier-Fruh I, Deppe H, Dubach-Powell J, Erb M, Haefeli RH, Henneböhle M, Herzner H, Hufschmid M, Marks DL, Nordhoff S, Papp M, Rummey C, Santos G, Schärer F, Siendt H, Soeberdt M, Sumanovski LT, Terinek M, Mondadori C, Güven N, Feurer A. The orally active melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist BL-6020/979: a promising candidate for the treatment of cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011; 2:163-174. [PMID: 21966642 PMCID: PMC3177041 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-011-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Under physiological conditions, the melanocortin system is a crucial part of the complex network regulating food intake and energy expenditure. In pathological states, like cachexia, these two parameters are deregulated, i.e., food intake is decreased and energy expenditure is increased-a vicious combination leading to catabolism. Agouti-related protein (AgRP), the endogenous antagonist at the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC-4R), was found to increase food intake and to reduce energy expenditure. This qualifies MC-4R blockade as an attractive mode of action for the treatment of cachexia. Based on this rationale, a novel series of small-molecule MC-4R antagonists was designed, from which the orally active compound BL-6020/979 (formerly known as SNT207979) emerged as the first promising development candidate showing encouraging pre-clinical efficacy and safety properties which are presented here. METHODS AND RESULTS: BL-6020/979 is an orally available, selective and potent MC-4R antagonist with a drug-like profile. It increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure in healthy wild-type but not in MC-4R deficient mice. More importantly, it ameliorated cachexia-like symptoms in the murine C26 adenocarcinoma model; with an effect on body mass and body composition and on the expression of catabolic genes. Moreover, BL-6020/979 showed antidepressant-like properties in the chronic mild stress model in rats and exhibits a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSION: The properties of BL-6020/979 demonstrated in animal models and presented here make it a promising candidate suitable for further development towards a first-in-class treatment option for cachexia that potentially opens up the opportunity to treat two hallmarks of the disease, i.e., decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure, with one drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dallmann
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstr. 190 8057 Zurich
| | - P. Weyermann
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - C. Anklin
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - M. Boroff
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - K. Bray-French
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - B. Cardel
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - I. Courdier-Fruh
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - H. Deppe
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - J. Dubach-Powell
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - M. Erb
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - R. H. Haefeli
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - M. Henneböhle
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - H. Herzner
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - M. Hufschmid
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - D. L. Marks
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vollum Institute; Oregon Health Sciences University; Portland
| | - S. Nordhoff
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - M. Papp
- Institute of Pharmacology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Krakow
| | - C. Rummey
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - G. Santos
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - F. Schärer
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - H. Siendt
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - M. Soeberdt
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - L. T. Sumanovski
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - M. Terinek
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - C. Mondadori
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - N. Güven
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
| | - A. Feurer
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd.; Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal
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3
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Nordhoff S, Bulat S, Cerezo-Gálvez S, Hill O, Hoffmann-Enger B, López-Canet M, Rosenbaum C, Rummey C, Thiemann M, Matassa VG, Edwards PJ, Feurer A. The design of potent and selective inhibitors of DPP-4: optimization of ADME properties by amide replacements. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6340-5. [PMID: 19833514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For a series of beta-homophenylalanine based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV ADME properties were improved by the incorporation of amide replacements. These efforts led to a novel series of potent and selective inhibitors of DPP-4 that exhibit an attractive pharmacokinetic profile and show excellent efficacy in an animal model of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Nordhoff
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd, Hammerstrasse 47, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.
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Mittendorf J, Weigand S, Alonso-Alija C, Bischoff E, Feurer A, Gerisch M, Kern A, Knorr A, Lang D, Muenter K, Radtke M, Schirok H, Schlemmer KH, Stahl E, Straub A, Wunder F, Stasch JP. Discovery of riociguat (BAY 63-2521): a potent, oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. BMC Pharmacol 2009. [PMCID: PMC3313366 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-9-s1-p52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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5
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Nordhoff S, López-Canet M, Hoffmann-Enger B, Bulat S, Cerezo-Gálvez S, Hill O, Rosenbaum C, Rummey C, Thiemann M, Matassa VG, Edwards PJ, Feurer A. From lead to preclinical candidate: Optimization of β-homophenylalanine based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4818-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Mittendorf J, Weigand S, Alonso-Alija C, Bischoff E, Feurer A, Gerisch M, Kern A, Knorr A, Lang D, Muenter K, Radtke M, Schirok H, Schlemmer KH, Stahl E, Straub A, Wunder F, Stasch JP. Discovery of riociguat (BAY 63-2521): a potent, oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:853-65. [PMID: 19263460 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a key signal-transduction enzyme activated by nitric oxide (NO). Impairments of the NO-sGC signaling pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and other diseases. Direct stimulation of sGC represents a promising therapeutic strategy particularly for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH), a disabling disease associated with a poor prognosis. Previous sGC stimulators such as the pyrazolopyridines BAY 41-2272 and BAY 41-8543 demonstrated beneficial effects in experimental models of PH, but were associated with unfavorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties. Herein we disclose an extended SAR exploration of this compound class to address these issues. Our efforts led to the identification of the potent sGC stimulator riociguat, which exhibits an improved DMPK profile and exerts strong effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with PH. Riociguat is currently being investigated in phase III clinical trials for the oral treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mittendorf
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
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7
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Nordhoff S, Cerezo-Gálvez S, Deppe H, Hill O, López-Canet M, Rummey C, Thiemann M, Matassa VG, Edwards PJ, Feurer A. Discovery of beta-homophenylalanine based pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl amides and sulfonamides as highly potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4201-3. [PMID: 19515557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of DPP-4 inhibitor 5, that was discovered by structure based design, are described and structure-activity relationships discussed. With analogue 7k one of the most potent non-covalent inhibitors of DPP-4 reported to date (IC(50)=0.38nM) was discovered. X-ray structure of inhibitor 7k bound to DPP-4 revealed a hydrogen bonding interaction with Q553. First successful efforts in balancing overall properties, as demonstrated by improved metabolic stability, highlight the potential of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Nordhoff
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd, Hammerstrasse 47, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.
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8
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Mittendorf J, Weigand S, Alonso-Alija C, Bischoff E, Feurer A, Gerisch M, Kern A, Knorr A, Lang D, Muenter K, Radtke M, Schirok H, Schlemmer KH, Stahl E, Straub A, Wunder F, Stasch JP. Cover Picture: Discovery of Riociguat (BAY 63-2521): A Potent, Oral Stimulator of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension (ChemMedChem 5/2009). ChemMedChem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200990020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Schirok H, Kast R, Figueroa-Pérez S, Bennabi S, Gnoth M, Feurer A, Heckroth H, Thutewohl M, Paulsen H, Knorr A, Hütter J, Lobell M, Münter K, Geiß V, Ehmke H, Lang D, Radtke M, Mittendorf J, Stasch JP. Cover Picture: Design and Synthesis of Potent and Selective Azaindole-Based Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors (ChemMedChem 12/2008). ChemMedChem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200890046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Schirok H, Kast R, Figueroa-Pérez S, Bennabi S, Gnoth M, Feurer A, Heckroth H, Thutewohl M, Paulsen H, Knorr A, Hütter J, Lobell M, Münter K, Geiß V, Ehmke H, Lang D, Radtke M, Mittendorf J, Stasch JP. Design and Synthesis of Potent and Selective Azaindole-Based Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1893-904. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bulat S, Bosio S, Papadopoulos M, Cerezo-Galvez S, Grabowski E, Rosenbaum C, Matassa V, Ott I, Metz G, Schamberger J, Sekul R, Feurer A. Design and Discovery of Novel, Potent Pyrazinone-Based Thrombin Inhibitors with a Solubilizing Amino P1-P2-Linker. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2006. [DOI: 10.2174/157018006777574203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Nordhoff S, Cerezo-Gálvez S, Feurer A, Hill O, Matassa VG, Metz G, Rummey C, Thiemann M, Edwards PJ. The reversed binding of β-phenethylamine inhibitors of DPP-IV: X-ray structures and properties of novel fragment and elaborated inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1744-8. [PMID: 16376544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The co-crystal structure of beta-phenethylamine fragment inhibitor 5 bound to DPP-IV revealed that the phenyl ring occupied the proline pocket of the enzyme. This finding provided the basis for a general hypothesis of a reverse binding mode for beta-phenethylamine-based DPP-IV inhibitors. Novel inhibitor design concepts that obviate substrate-like structure-activity relationships (SAR) were thereby enabled, and novel, potent inhibitors were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Nordhoff
- Medicinal Chemistry, Santhera Pharmaceuticals, Im Neuenheimer Feld 518-519, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Neumann T, Junker HD, Keil O, Burkert K, Ottleben H, Gamer J, Sekul R, Deppe H, Feurer A, Tomandl D, Metz G. Discovery of Thrombin Inhibitor Fragments from Chemical Microarray Screening. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2005. [DOI: 10.2174/157018005774717343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Bischoff E, Schramm M, Straub A, Feurer A, Stasch JP. BAY 41-2272: a stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase induces nitric oxide-dependent penile erection in vivo. Urology 2003; 61:464-7. [PMID: 12597982 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of BAY 41-2272 on penile erections in an in vivo rabbit model. The nitric oxide (NO)-dependent increase of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibition has been shown to be an effective mechanism in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Direct, NO-independent stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase should also lead to elevated cGMP levels in tissues and could be an attractive alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. BAY 41-2272 is a novel non-NO-based direct stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase that activates purified enzyme in a synergistic fashion with NO. METHODS BAY 41-2272 was administered to conscious rabbits intravenously (IV) and orally (PO). Erection was assessed in a time-dependent manner by measuring the length of the uncovered penile mucosa. Erections were evaluated in the absence and presence of NO (with intravenous sodium nitroprusside [SNP] as the NO donor). RESULTS BAY 41-2272 only induced weak penile erections in conscious rabbits after IV (1 mg/kg) and PO (10 mg/kg) administration in the absence of an NO donor. However, the efficacy of BAY 41-2272 was potentiated by the simultaneous administration of SNP. Through simultaneous SNP administration, the effective doses of BAY 41-2272 were reduced significantly (minimal effective dose 0.1 mg/kg IV and 1 mg/kg PO). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study clearly demonstrated the effect of BAY 41-2272 on penile erection in the conscious rabbit model after PO and IV administration. The time-course and onset of erection was concurrent with the stimulation by exogenous NO (SNP), suggesting that this new pharmacologic mechanism of soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulation could be used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Because the effect is increased by SNP, it can be expected that BAY 41-2272 would have enhanced activity during sexual arousal, when NO is produced endogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bischoff
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Business Group, Wuppertal, Germany
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15
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Stasch JP, Alonso-Alija C, Apeler H, Dembowsky K, Feurer A, Minuth T, Perzborn E, Schramm M, Straub A. Pharmacological actions of a novel NO-independent guanylyl cyclase stimulator, BAY 41-8543: in vitro studies. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135:333-43. [PMID: 11815368 PMCID: PMC1573147 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2001] [Revised: 10/30/2001] [Accepted: 11/05/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BAY 41-8543 is a novel, highly specific and so far the most potent NO-independent stimulator of sGC. Here we report the effects of BAY 41-8543 on the isolated enzyme, endothelial cells, platelets, isolated vessels and Langendorff heart preparation. BAY 41-8543 stimulates the recombinant sGC concentration-dependently from 0.0001 microM to 100 microM up to 92-fold. In combination, BAY 41-8543 and NO have synergistic effects over a wide range of concentrations. Similar results are shown in implying that BAY 41-8543 stimulates the sGC directly and furthermore makes the enzyme more sensitive to its endogenous activator NO. In vitro, BAY 41-8543 is a potent relaxing agent of aortas, saphenous arteries, coronary arteries and veins with IC(50)-values in the nM range. In the rat heart Langendorff preparation, BAY 41-8543 potently reduces coronary perfusion pressure from 10(-9) to 10(-6) g ml(-1) without any effect on left ventricular pressure and heart rate. BAY 41-8543 is effective even under nitrate tolerance conditions proved by the same vasorelaxing effect on aortic rings taken either from normal or nitrate-tolerant rats. BAY 41-8543 is a potent inhibitor of collagen-mediated aggregation in washed human platelets (IC(50)=0.09 microM). In plasma, BAY 41-8543 inhibits collagen-mediated aggregation better than ADP-induced aggregation, but has no effect on the thrombin pathway. BAY 41-8543 is also a potent direct stimulator of the cyclic GMP/PKG/VASP pathway in platelets and synergizes with NO over a wide range of concentrations. These results suggest that BAY 41-8543 is on the one hand an invaluable tool for studying sGC signaling in vitro and on the other hand its unique profile may offer a novel approach for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bayer AG, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.
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16
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Abstract
SARs around a novel type of guanylate cyclase stimulator which act by a mechanism different from classical NO-donors are described. Several pyrazolopyridinylpyrimidines are shown to relax aortic rings and revealed a long-lasting blood pressure lowering effect in rats after oral application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Straub
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharma Research Centre, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, FRG.
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17
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Stasch JP, Becker EM, Alonso-Alija C, Apeler H, Dembowsky K, Feurer A, Gerzer R, Minuth T, Perzborn E, Pleiss U, Schröder H, Schroeder W, Stahl E, Steinke W, Straub A, Schramm M. NO-independent regulatory site on soluble guanylate cyclase. Nature 2001; 410:212-5. [PMID: 11242081 DOI: 10.1038/35065611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a widespread, potent, biological mediator that has many physiological and pathophysiological roles. Research in the field of NO appears to have followed a straightforward path, and the findings have been progressive: NO and cyclic GMP are involved in vasodilatation; glycerol trinitrate relaxes vascular smooth muscles by bioconversion to NO; mammalian cells synthesize NO; and last, NO mediates vasodilatation by stimulating the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heterodimeric (alpha/beta) haem protein that converts GTP to cGMP2-4. Here we report the discovery of a regulatory site on sGC. Using photoaffinity labelling, we have identified the cysteine 238 and cysteine 243 region in the alpha1-subunit of sGC as the target for a new type of sGC stimulator. Moreover, we present a pyrazolopyridine, BAY 41-2272, that potently stimulates sGC through this site by a mechanism that is independent of NO. This results in antiplatelet activity, a strong decrease in blood pressure and an increase in survival in a low-NO rat model of hypertension, and as such may offer an approach for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Stasch
- Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Wey 18a, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
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18
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Staab HA, Feurer A, Krieger C, Kumar AS. Photoinduced Electron-Transfer in Porphyrin-quinone Cyclophanes, 15. Distance Dependence of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer: Syntheses and Structures of Naphthalene-Spacered Porphyrin-Quinone Cyclophanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719971121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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