1
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Hu SJ, Cotton AM, Lamas G, Duan K, Zhang X. Checklist of Yunnan Papilionidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) with nomenclatural notes and descriptions of new subspecies. Zootaxa 2023; 5362:1-69. [PMID: 38220735 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5362.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A checklist of the Papilionidae of Yunnan is presented, with nomenclatural and taxonomic changes made. In the nomenclatural section, the junior homonym Papilio bootes nigricans Rothschild, 1895 is replaced by Papilio bootes nigricauda Lamas & Cotton nom. nov., Chilasa (Cadugoides) epycides muhabbet Koak, 2005 is synonymised with Papilio epycides camilla Rousseau-Decelle, 1947 syn. nov., Graphium cloanthus nyghmat Koak & Kemal, 2000 is placed as a junior objective synonym syn. nov. of Graphium cloanthus clymenus (Leech, 1893), and Papilio astorion Westwood, 1842 is shown to have priority over Papilio varuna White, 1842, thus the valid species name is Atrophaneura astorion (Westwood, 1842) comb. nov. In the main checklist, five new subspecies are described: Parnassius cephalus haba Hu & Cotton ssp. nov., Lamproptera curius hsinningae Hu, Zhang & Cotton ssp. nov., Lamproptera curius yangtzeanus Hu & Cotton ssp. nov., Graphium macareus vadimi Cotton & Hu ssp. nov., and Papilio krishna benyongi Hu & Cotton ssp. nov. The First Reviser Principle under the ICZN Code is invoked to solve four taxonomic problems, and 18 names are synonymised with explanations, notably Papilio machaon venchuanus Moonen, 1984 syn. nov., which is synonymised with Papilio machaon schantungensis Eller, 1936. Byasa genestieri (Oberthr, 1918) stat. nov. is separated from Byasa latreillei (Donovan, 1826), and Papilio everesti Riley, 1927 stat. nov. and P. verityi Fruhstorfer, 1907 stat. nov. are separated from Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 as species. Taxa that require further confirmation of their presence in Yunnan and those that do not occur in Yunnan are enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ji Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security; Yunnan University; Kunming; 650500; China. Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security; Yunnan University; Kunming; 650500; China.
| | - Adam M Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5; Tambon Nong Kwai; Hang Dong; Chiang Mai; Thailand.
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Apartado 14-0434; Lima-14; Peru.
| | - Kuang Duan
- School of Agriculture; Yunnan University; Kunming; 650500; China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Kunming Youning Biotech Co.; Ltd; Kunming; 650031; China.
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2
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Yu XT, Yang FL, Da W, Li YC, Xi HM, Cotton AM, Zhang HH, Duan K, Xu ZB, Gong ZX, Wang WL, Hu SJ. Species Richness of Papilionidae Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the Hengduan Mountains and Its Future Shifts under Climate Change. Insects 2023; 14:259. [PMID: 36975944 PMCID: PMC10058169 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The family of Papilionidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) is a group of butterflies with high ecological and conservation value. The Hengduan Mountains (HMDs) in Southwest China is an important diversity centre for these butterflies. However, the spatial distribution pattern and the climate vulnerability of Papilionidae butterflies in the HDMs remain unknown to date. The lack of such knowledge has already become an obstacle in formulating effective butterfly conservation strategies. The present research compiled a 59-species dataset with 1938 occurrence points. The Maxent model was applied to analyse the spatial pattern of species richness in subfamilies Parnassiinae and Papilioninae, as well as to predict the response under the influence of climate change. The spatial pattern of both subfamilies in the HDMs has obvious elevation prevalence, with Parnassiinae concentrated in the subalpine to alpine areas (2500-5500 m) in western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and eastern Tibet, while Papilioninae is concentrated in the low- to medium-elevation areas (1500-3500 m) in the river valleys of western Yunnan and western Sichuan. Under the influence of climate change, both subfamilies would exhibit northward and upward range shifts. The majority of Parnassiinae species would experience drastic habitat contraction, resulting in lower species richness across the HDMs. In contrast, most Papilioninae species would experience habitat expansion, and the species richness would also increase significantly. The findings of this research should provide new insights and a clue for butterfly diversity and climatic vulnerability in southwestern China. Future conservation efforts should be focused on species with habitat contraction, narrow-ranged distribution and endemicity with both in situ and ex situ measures, especially in protected areas. Commercialised collecting targeting these species must also be regulated by future legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Yu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Asian International River Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fei-Ling Yang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Asian International River Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wa Da
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850008, China
| | - Yu-Chun Li
- Yulong Xueshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yulong, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xi
- Yulong Xueshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yulong, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Adam M. Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Tambon Nong Kwai, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand
| | - Hui-Hong Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kuang Duan
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhen-Bang Xu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gong
- Yulong Xueshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yulong, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Wen-Ling Wang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Asian International River Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shao-Ji Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Asian International River Center, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Cotton AM, Bolotov IN, Gofarov MY, Gorbach VV, Kolosova YS, Zheludkova AA, Kondakov AV, Spitsyn VM. The correct name for the South Western European species recently separated from Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Ecol Mont 2021. [DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.43.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The name nebrodensis Turati is shown to be unavailable and the first available name for the species is chosen by invoking the First Reviser Principle under the ICZN Code as Parnassius turatii Fruhstorfer, 1908. Rothschild was determined to be the first author to confer availability on the name nebrodensis by application of the Code.
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Allio R, Nabholz B, Wanke S, Chomicki G, Pérez-Escobar OA, Cotton AM, Clamens AL, Kergoat GJ, Sperling FAH, Condamine FL. Genome-wide macroevolutionary signatures of key innovations in butterflies colonizing new host plants. Nat Commun 2021; 12:354. [PMID: 33441560 PMCID: PMC7806994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mega-diversity of herbivorous insects is attributed to their co-evolutionary associations with plants. Despite abundant studies on insect-plant interactions, we do not know whether host-plant shifts have impacted both genomic adaptation and species diversification over geological times. We show that the antagonistic insect-plant interaction between swallowtail butterflies and the highly toxic birthworts began 55 million years ago in Beringia, followed by several major ancient host-plant shifts. This evolutionary framework provides a valuable opportunity for repeated tests of genomic signatures of macroevolutionary changes and estimation of diversification rates across their phylogeny. We find that host-plant shifts in butterflies are associated with both genome-wide adaptive molecular evolution (more genes under positive selection) and repeated bursts of speciation rates, contributing to an increase in global diversification through time. Our study links ecological changes, genome-wide adaptations and macroevolutionary consequences, lending support to the importance of ecological interactions as evolutionary drivers over long time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Allio
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Benoit Nabholz
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Wanke
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guillaume Chomicki
- Department of Bioscience, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Adam M Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Tambon Nong Kwai, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anne-Laure Clamens
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gaël J Kergoat
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Felix A H Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, AB, Canada
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, AB, Canada.
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Xu ZB, Wang YY, Condamine FL, Cotton AM, Hu SJ. Are the Yellow and Red Marked Club-Tail Losaria coon the Same Species? Insects 2020; 11:E392. [PMID: 32599938 PMCID: PMC7349782 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Losaria coon (Fabricius, 1793) is currently comprised of ten subspecies, which were originally described under two names, Papilio coon and P. doubledayi before 1909, when they were combined as one species. The main difference between them is the colour of abdomen and hindwing subterminal spots-yellow in coon and red in doubledayi. Wing morphology, male and female genitalia, and molecular evidence (DNA barcodes) were analysed for multiple subspecies of L. coon and three other Losaria species-rhodifer, neptunus, and palu. Our molecular data support the separation of L. coon and L. doubledayi stat. rev. as two distinct species, with L. rhodifer positioned between them in phylogenetic analyses. Wing morphology and genitalic structures also confirm the molecular conclusions. Our findings divide L. coon into two species occupying different geographic ranges: with L. coon restricted to southern Sumatra, Java, and Bawean Island, while L. doubledayi occurs widely in regions from North India to northern Sumatra, including Hainan and Nicobar Islands. Hence, future conservation efforts must reassess the status and threat factors of the two species to form updated strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Bang Xu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Yun-Yu Wang
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier|CNRS|IRD|EPHE), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Adam M. Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Tambon Nong Kwai, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand;
| | - Shao-Ji Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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6
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Zhang HH, Cotton AM, Condamine FL, Wang RJ, Hsu YF, Duan K, Zhang X, Hu SJ. Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The Graphium (Pazala) alebion and G. (P.) tamerlanus Groups, with Notes on Taxonomic and Distribution Confusions (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Zootaxa 2020; 4759:zootaxa.4759.1.5. [PMID: 33056933 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Three Graphium species belonging to two species groups of the subgenus Pazala, the alebion and tamerlanus groups, were examined in molecular and morphological studies, and their female genitalia are reported for the first time. Their relationship with other species groups within the subgenus is assessed and their divergence times are estimated. We find that G. (P.) alebion is the first lineage to diverge within Pazala in the early Miocene (20 Ma) and that G. (P.) tamerlanus and G. (P.) parus are sister species and diverged from each other in the late Miocene (7 Ma). A revision of the four recognised taxa belonging to three species is presented, and historical misidentification of these taxa and their geographic ranges are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hong Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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7
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Hu SJ, Condamine FL, Monastyrskii AL, Cotton AM. A New Species of the Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus Group from Central Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Zootaxa 2019; 4554:286-300. [PMID: 30790988 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus group was recently defined and the status of taxa as well as the number of species was revised. We report here the discovery of a new species from Kon Tum plateau of the Truong Son (Annamite) Range of Central Vietnam, which we describe based on morphological and molecular evidence. Molecular phylogeny shows that the new taxon, G. (P.) wenlingae Hu, Cotton Monastyrskii sp. nov., is sister to G. (P.) daiyuanae Hu, Zhang Cotton, 2018 plus G. (P.) confucius Hu, Duan Cotton, 2018. Molecular dating analysis further suggests that this new species diverged from its sister clade in the Pliocene (~3.5 million years ago). The new taxon constitutes the eighth and southernmost species of the mandarinus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ji Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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8
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Hu SJ, Cotton AM, Condamine FL, Duan K, Wang RJ, Hsu YF, Zhang X, Cao J. Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879) Group, with Treatments of Known Taxa and Descriptions of New Species and New Subspecies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Zootaxa 2018; 4441:401-446. [PMID: 30313994 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The previously recognised closely related species Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879) and G. (P.) sichuanica (Koiwaya, 1993) are shown to comprise seven species as a result of both molecular and morphological analysis. Molecular dating analysis is also performed on the mandarinus group in order to investigate the divergence time of the taxa. Two taxa, G. (P.) garhwalica (Katayama, 1988) stat. nov. and G. (P.) paphus (de Nicéville, 1886) stat. nov., are raised from subspecific to specific status; G. (P.) hoeneanus Cotton Hu nom. nov., stat. rev. is separated from sichuanica at species level; and two previously unrecognised new species, G. (P.) daiyuanae Hu, Zhang Cotton sp. nov. and G. (P.) confucius Hu, Duan Cotton sp. nov. are described from Vietnam and China respectively, the latter being sympatric with nominate G. (P.) mandarinus. The identity of the lectotype of G. (P.) mandarinus is confirmed and a lectotype is designated for the taxon Papilio Glycerion Gray, 1831. A new subspecies of G. (P.) mandarinus is described from western Yunnan and northern Myanmar, G. (P.) mandarinus stilwelli Cotton Hu ssp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ji Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Abstract
Lasers present a unique light source with many clinical uses including a number of applications relevant to the lower extremity. In this article, the basic principles of lasers and their interactions with tissue will be reviewed. The article examines laser applications in skin and vascular disease including wound healing. The principles of laser safety are discussed, and relevant future developments are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cotton
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Southampton University, Hospitals Trust NHS, Southampton, UK.
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Lewis DS, Sperling FAH, Nakahara S, Cotton AM, Kawahara AY, Condamine FL. Role of
C
aribbean Islands in the diversification and biogeography of Neotropical
H
eraclides
swallowtails. Cladistics 2014; 31:291-314. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Delano S. Lewis
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- The Office of Research and Grants and the Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Department Northern Caribbean University Manchester Road Mandeville Jamaica WI
| | - Felix A. H. Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Shinichi Nakahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Adam M. Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Ban Hua Tung, Tambon Nong Kwai Amphoe Hang Dong Chiang Mai 50230 Thailand
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS UMR 7641 Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées (Ecole Polytechnique) Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
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Abstract
A newly discovered, third species of the genus Lamproptera (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is described, 183 years after the second currently recognised species was first named. Lamproptera paracurius Hu, Zhang & Cotton sp. n., from N.E. Yunnan, China, is based on marked differences in external morphology and male genital structure. The species is confirmed as a member of the genus, and detailed comparisons are made with other taxa included in the genus. Keys to Lamproptera species based on external characters and male genitalia are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ji Hu
- Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Ecosecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.;
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Higher Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.;
| | - Adam M Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Tambon Nong Kwai, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai, Thailand.;
| | - Hui Ye
- Laboratory Supervisor, Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Ecosecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.;
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Condamine FL, Toussaint EF, Cotton AM, Genson GS, Sperling FA, Kergoat GJ. Fine-scale biogeographical and temporal diversification processes of peacock swallowtails (PapiliosubgenusAchillides) in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Cladistics 2012; 29:88-111. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Simonsen TJ, Zakharov EV, Djernaes M, Cotton AM, Vane-Wright R, Sperling FA. Phylogenetics and divergence times of Papilioninae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the enigmatic genera Teinopalpus and Meandrusa. Cladistics 2011; 27:113-137. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Warner MB, Cotton AM, Stokes MJ. Comparison of curvilinear and linear ultrasound imaging probes for measuring cross-sectional area and linear dimensions. J Med Eng Technol 2009; 32:498-504. [PMID: 19005964 DOI: 10.1080/03091900701695533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether different ultrasound probe/transducer configurations produce the same measurements. Two investigators undertook 10 scans of a general purpose semi-solid multi-tissue ultrasound phantom (phantom A) using two ultrasound scanners with a linear and curvilinear probe. From those 10 scans, two measurements of cross-sectional area (CSA), width and thickness were made. These measurements were then repeated with an open-top fluid-filled phantom, with 10% ethanol solution (phantom B). Intra- and inter-rater reliability were examined using Bland and Altman plots. Agreement between measurements made with the two probe types was also assessed using Bland and Altman plots. An independent samples t-test was used to compare statistical differences between probe type configuration. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) and a tendency for increased measurements in CSA and width, and decreased measurements in thickness when using a curvilinear probe on phantom A, and these differences were not scanner specific. When imaging phantom B there were no significant differences in measurements between probe configurations; however there was a small bias for smaller CSA measurements with a curvilinear probe. In conclusion there are small differences in measurements obtained from different ultrasound probe configurations using a semi-solid phantom, but their clinical significance is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Warner
- School of Health Professions and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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15
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Murrills AJ, Petley GW, Cotton AM, Cooper C. A suggested methodology for the construction of national bone density reference ranges: 1372 Caucasian women from four UK sites. Br J Radiol 1998; 71:898-900. [PMID: 9828810 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.71.848.9828810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Petley GW, Cotton AM, Murrills AJ, Taylor PA, Cooper C, Cawley MI, Wilkin TJ. Reference ranges of bone mineral density for women in southern England: the impact of local data on the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Br J Radiol 1996; 69:655-60. [PMID: 8696703 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-69-823-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of reference ranges that accurately represent the population at large is essential for the correct identification of osteoporosis from bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. In this study, reference data supplied by the manufacturer of the Lunar DPX+ bone densitometer were compared with data obtained locally. Lumbar spine, proximal femur and total body BMD measurements were made in an age-stratified random sample of 702 Southampton women aged 20 to 89 years. Relevant demographic and medical data were recorded for each subject using a questionnaire. Reference curves of BMD (mean +/- SD) were plotted against age for each measurement site and were found to be higher than the manufacturer's reference values at all ages and sites. Exclusion of women with factors known to affect bone mass only served to increase this discrepancy. According to World Health Organisation definitions, osteoporosis may be identified from BMD values alone. Based upon neck of femur BMD values, 100 (14.8%) of the women in this study group were categorized as osteoporotic using local young normal reference data, compared with only 39 (5.8%) using the manufacturer's data. By normalizing for age distribution, these findings were extrapolated to the local population where it was predicted that 26.0% and 10.1% of females over 50 years of age would be classified as osteoporotic using the respective reference ranges. This study clearly illustrates how the numbers of women diagnosed as osteoporotic vary with the use of different reference populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Petley
- Department of Medical Physics & Medical Engineering, Southampton University Hospital, UK
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