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Hwang J, Banerjee M, Venable AS, Walden Z, Jolly J, Zimmerman C, Adkisson E, Xiao Q. Quantitation of low abundant soluble biomarkers using high sensitivity Single Molecule Counting technology. Methods 2019; 158:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Carpenter KC, Henning AL, Ogenstad S. Oral Supplementation with Baker's Yeast Beta Glucan Is Associated with Altered Monocytes, T Cells and Cytokines following a Bout of Strenuous Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:786. [PMID: 29104540 PMCID: PMC5654840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical labor in extreme environmental conditions causes transient decreases in immune cell and cytokine concentrations, likely increasing the susceptibility to opportunistic infection. Baker's yeast beta glucan (BYBG) has been previously demonstrated to be an effective countermeasure in athletes, but its effectiveness in individuals of average fitness under similar physical stress is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if 10 days of oral supplementation with BYBG could modify previously observed suppression of monocytes, T cells, circulating and whole blood LPS-stimulated cytokines due to strenuous exercise. Venous blood samples were collected from 109 healthy volunteers prior to, immediately after, 2 and 4 h post-exercise. Monocyte and T cell concentration, cell-surface receptor expression and serum and LPS-stimulated cytokines were assessed. BYBG significantly (P < 0.05) altered total and classic monocyte concentration and expression of CD38, CD80, CD86, TLR2, and TLR4 on monocyte subsets. BYBG also significantly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell concentration and the exercise response of CCR7+/CD45RA- central memory (TCM) cells. Likewise, BYBG significantly (P < 0.05) altered serum IFN-γ and IL-2, and LPS-stimulated IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that oral BYBG supplementation modulates the expected exercise response for individuals of average fitness. This may result in a decrease in susceptibility to opportunistic infections after strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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McFarlin BK, Carpenter KC, Henning AL, Venable AS. Consumption of a high-fat breakfast on consecutive days alters preclinical biomarkers for atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:239-244. [PMID: 28000693 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Recent research has speculated that the risk of developing atherosclerosis is due to the accumulation of the effects of daily diet choices. The purpose of this study was to examine which of our previously identified preclinical disease risk biomarkers were further elevated when consuming a high-fat (644±50 kcal; 100% recommended dietary allowance for fat), high-calorie (1118±100 kcal; 70% daily caloric needs) breakfast on consecutive days. Young, normal weight females (N=7) participated in this study. SUBJECTS/METHODS Blood samples were taken premeal and hourly for 5-h postprandial. Serum biomarkers (C-peptide, eotaxin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), insulin, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) and tumor necrosis factor-α), monocyte concentration, and adhesion molecule expression (CD11a, CD18 and CD54) were measured. Area under the curve was calculated for each outcome variable as a function of day and data were analyzed for significance. RESULTS We found significant (P<0.05) increases on Day 2 for: GM-CSF (+47%; P=0.041), G-CSF (+31%; P=0.012), PPY (+51%; P=0.049), total monocyte (+110%; P=0.043), pro-inflammatory (PI) monocyte (+60%; P=0.012), PI monocyte CD18 (+960%; P=0.003), PI monocyte CD11a (+230%; P=0.006), and PI monocyte CD54 (+208%; P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the present study is the first to report changes in selected biomarkers and monocytes following eating a high-fat, high-calorie breakfast on consecutive days in humans. More research is needed to determine how transient the observed changes are and what the long-term implications for disease risk are.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - K C Carpenter
- Native American Community Health Center, Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - A L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - A S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Henning AL, Venable AS, Vingren JL, Hill DW, McFarlin BK. Consumption of a high-fat meal was associated with an increase in monocyte adhesion molecules, scavenger receptors, and Propensity to Form Foam Cells. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2016; 94:606-612. [PMID: 27569052 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage-derived foam cells are the predominant component of arterial plaques in the early stages of atherosclerosis. One factor that poses a major risk for plaque development is high levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as a result of a high-fat meal. In order to better understand how an individuals' diet affects arterial plaque deposition via the process of foam cell formation, we measured the acute circulating monocyte activity response after consuming a high-fat meal (85% of daily fat allowance). MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood samples from 17 participants were acquired on a FlowSight. Samples were analyzed to identify nonclassical (CD14+/16+) and classical (CD14+/16-) monocytes. We measured monocyte concentration, adhesion molecule expression, CD36 expression, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) endocytosis for preprandial 1, 3, and 5 h postprandial. RESULTS Consuming a high-fat meal caused increases in oxLDL uptake, adhesion molecule expression, and CD36 expression in both classical and nonclassical monocytes, with the nonclassical monocytes responding with larger increases than the classical monocytes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that consumption of a high-fat meal increased the potential of monocytes to become foam cells, and implicates nonclassical monocytes as having greater potential than classical monocytes to become foam cells. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - A S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - J L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - D W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - B K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
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McFarlin BK, Henning AL, Venable AS, Williams RR, Best Sampson JN. A shirt containing multistage phase change material and active cooling components was associated with increased exercise capacity in a hot, humid environment. Ergonomics 2016; 59:1019-1025. [PMID: 26472519 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in clothing design include the incorporation of phase change materials (PCM) and other active cooling components (ACC) to provide better body heat dissipation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of wearing a shirt containing multistage PCM/ACC on exercise capacity at low (5.0), moderate-high (7.5) and extreme (9.0) levels of the physiological strain index (PSI). Fourteen individuals tested two shirts (control vs. cooling) during 45-min of interval running in a hot, humid (35 ± 1 °C; 55 ± 6% RH) environment. The cooling shirt resulted in an 8% improvement in exercise capacity at a PSI of 7.5 (p < 0.05). The observed increase in exercise capacity would likely translate to a significant improvement in exercise performance. More research is needed to determine a best practice approach for the use of cooling clothing as a counter to exercise-induced heat exposure. Practitioner Summary: In this report, we demonstrate that when forced to exercise in a hot, humid environment, an individual's exercise capacity may increase by as much as 8% when wearing a shirt composed of multistage phase change material and active cooling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
- b Department of Biological Sciences , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
| | - Andrea L Henning
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
- b Department of Biological Sciences , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
| | - Adam S Venable
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
- b Department of Biological Sciences , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
| | - Randall R Williams
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
| | - Jill N Best Sampson
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
- b Department of Biological Sciences , University of North Texas , Denton , TX , USA
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McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Henning AL, Sampson JNB, Pennel K, Vingren JL, Hill DW. Reduced inflammatory and muscle damage biomarkers following oral supplementation with bioavailable curcumin. BBA Clin 2016; 5:72-8. [PMID: 27051592 PMCID: PMC4802396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage (EIMD) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) impact subsequent training sessions and activities of daily living (ADL) even in active individuals. In sedentary or diseased individuals, EIMD and DOMS may be even more pronounced and present even in the absence of structured exercise. Methods The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oral curcumin supplementation (Longvida® 400 mg/days) on muscle & ADL soreness, creatine kinase (CK), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) following EMID (eccentric-only dual-leg press exercise). Subjects (N = 28) were randomly assigned to either curcumin (400 mg/day) or placebo (rice flour) and supplemented 2 days before to 4 days after EMID. Blood samples were collected prior to (PRE), and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after EIMD to measure CK and inflammatory cytokines. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with P < 0.05. Results Curcumin supplementation resulted in significantly smaller increases in CK (− 48%), TNF-α (− 25%), and IL-8 (− 21%) following EIMD compared to placebo. We observed no significant differences in IL-6, IL-10, or quadriceps muscle soreness between conditions for this sample size. Conclusions Collectively, the findings demonstrated that consumption of curcumin reduced biological inflammation, but not quadriceps muscle soreness, during recovery after EIMD. The observed improvements in biological inflammation may translate to faster recovery and improved functional capacity during subsequent exercise sessions. General significance These findings support the use of oral curcumin supplementation to reduce the symptoms of EIMD. The next logical step is to evaluate further the efficacy of an inflammatory clinical disease model. Oral optimized curcumin supplementation reduced biological indices of muscle inflammation following exercise-induced muscle damage. Oral optimized curcumin supplementation did not significantly reduced subjective quadriceps muscle soreness for this sample size following exercise induced muscle damage. These findings support the use of oral, optimized curcumin supplementation to reduce the biological symptoms associated with exercise induced muscle damage. The next logical step is to evaluated oral, optimized curcumin supplementation in an inflammatory clinical disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jill N Best Sampson
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Kathryn Pennel
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - David W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Venable AS, Henning AL, Prado EA, McFarlin BK. Using Image-Based Flow Cytometry with a FISH-Based FlowRNA Assay to Simultaneously Detect Intracellular TNF-α Protein and mRNA in Monocytes Following LPS Stimulation. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1389:139-51. [PMID: 27460242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3302-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Existing methods of assessing monocyte inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) response to in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation lack the ability to simultaneously detect intracellular mRNA and protein. This procedure takes advantage of new methodologies and instrumentation to simultaneously measure intracellular TNF-α mRNA and protein in CD14(+) monocytes after 1, 3, and 6 h of LPS stimulation. By assessing multiple timepoints, we are able to discern how LPS stimulation affects the temporal relationship between TNF-α mRNA and protein. By using image-based flow cytometry it is possible to co-localize mRNA and protein signals to identify the length of incubation that is needed to initiate protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Prado
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Henning AL, Prado EA, Best Sampson JN, Vingren JL, Hill DW. Natural cocoa consumption: Potential to reduce atherogenic factors? J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:626-32. [PMID: 25769436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-term consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa has been demonstrated to improve various facets of vascular health. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 4 weeks of natural cocoa consumption on selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers in young (19-35 years) women of differing body mass indices (BMI; normal, overweight or obese). Subjects (n = 24) consumed a natural cocoa-containing product (12.7 g natural cocoa, 148 kcal/serving) or an isocaloric cocoa-free placebo daily for 4 weeks in a random, double-blind manner with a 2-week washout period between treatment arms. Fasted (>8-h) blood samples were collected before and after each 4-week period. Serum was analyzed to determine lipid profile (chemistry analyzer) and CVD biomarkers (26 biomarkers). EDTA-treated blood was used to assess monocytes (CD14, CD16, v11b and CD62L), while citrate-treated blood was used to measure changes in endothelial microparticles (EMPs; CD42a-/45-/144+) by flow cytometry. Natural cocoa consumption resulted in a significant decrease in haptoglobin (P = .034), EMP concentration (P = .017) and monocyte CD62L (P = .047) in obese compared to overweight and normal-weight subjects. Natural cocoa consumption regardless of BMI group was associated with an 18% increase in high-density lipoprotein (P = .020) and a 60% decrease in EMPs (P = .047). Also, obese subjects experienced a 21% decrease in haptoglobin (P = .034) and a 24% decrease in monocyte CD62L expression in (P = .047) following 4 weeks of natural cocoa consumption. Collectively, these findings indicate that acute natural cocoa consumption was associated with decreased obesity-related disease risk. More research is needed to assess the stability of the observed short-term changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Prado
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jill N Best Sampson
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - David W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Prado EA, Henning AL, Williams RR. Image-based flow cytometry technique to evaluate changes in granulocyte function in vitro. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 25591001 PMCID: PMC4354483 DOI: 10.3791/52201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes play a key role in the body's innate immune response to bacterial and viral infections. While methods exist to measure granulocyte function, in general these are limited in terms of the information they can provide. For example, most existing assays merely provide a percentage of how many granulocytes are activated following a single, fixed length incubation. Complicating matters, most assays focus on only one aspect of function due to limitations in detection technology. This report demonstrates a technique for simultaneous measurement of granulocyte phagocytosis of bacteria and oxidative burst. By measuring both of these functions at the same time, three unique phenotypes of activated granulocytes were identified: 1) Low Activation (minimal phagocytosis, no oxidative burst), 2) Moderate Activation (moderate phagocytosis, some oxidative burst, but no co-localization of the two functional events), and 3) High Activation (high phagocytosis, high oxidative burst, co-localization of phagocytosis and oxidative burst). A fourth population that consisted of inactivated granulocytes was also identified. Using assay incubations of 10, 20, and 40-min the effect of assay incubation duration on the redistribution of activated granulocyte phenotypes was assessed. A fourth incubation was completed on ice as a control. By using serial time incubations, the assay may be able to able to detect how a treatment spatially affects granulocyte function. All samples were measured using an image-based flow cytometer equipped with a quantitative imaging (QI) option, autosampler, and multiple lasers (488, 642, and 785 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas
| | - Eric A Prado
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas
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McFarlin BK, Williams RR, Venable AS, Dwyer KC, Haviland DL. Image-based cytometry reveals three distinct subsets of activated granulocytes based on phagocytosis and oxidative burst. Cytometry A 2013; 83:745-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory; University of North Texas; Denton; Texas
| | | | - Adam S. Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory; University of North Texas; Denton; Texas
| | - Karen C. Dwyer
- South Core Flow Cytometry Facility, UT MD Anderson; Houston; Texas
| | - David L. Haviland
- Methodist Research Institute; Core Flow Cytometry Facility; Houston; Texas
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