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Raza ST, Feyissa A, Li R, Rene ER, Ali Z, Iqbal H, Sahito ZA, Chen Z. Emerging technology effects on combined agricultural and eco-vermicompost. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120056. [PMID: 38219670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on the waste management of livestock manure and wetland plant residues and their increasing effect on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The benefits of nutrient-rich plants and manures are often overlooked. By conducting a soil column experiment with a fully factorial design, this work found that adding the vermicompost amendments of wetland plants [combination of Canna indica (CiV), Cyperus alternifollius (CaV), Acorus calamus (AcV), and Hydrocotyle vulgaris (HvV) vermicompost] to agricultural wastes affected maize growth throughout its growing season. The results demonstrated that the use of combined AcV and HvV wetland plant-based vermicompost as an organic fertilizer increased the plant total nitrogen (TN: 92% increase) and soil organic matter (SOM: 192% increase) compared with those in control CK. Meanwhile, the combination of CaV with HvV increased the shoot biomass by 3.4 and 4.6 folds compared with that in NPK and CK, respectively. Overall, a new approach for transforming ecological wastes into organic fertilizers was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Turab Raza
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Adugna Feyissa
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.o. Box 3015, 2601, DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Laboratory of Environmental Health & Wildlife, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Sahito
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Raza ST, Zhu Y, Wu J, Rene ER, Ali Z, Feyissa A, Khan S, Anjum R, Bazai NA, Chen Z. Different ratios of Canna indica and maize-vermicompost as biofertilizers to improve soil fertility and plant growth: A case study from southwest China. Environ Res 2022; 215:114374. [PMID: 36150444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is recommended as an eco-friendly technology for an organic amendment to avoid the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, which are causing environmental pollution. Here, this study evaluated soil fertility and plant growth after vermicompost amendment using reclaimed wetland plants and manure. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the seven treatments for nutrient recovery and plant growth: a control group without any fertilization (CK); four groups with vermicompost prepared from different ratios of ecological wetland plant residues, maize, and pig manure (V1, 4:6; V2, 5:5; V3, 6:6; and V4, 7:3); one group with only Canna indica (V5, Ci), and a group with synthetic fertilizers (NPK). The results showed the remarkable impacts of Ci-vermicompost and different ratios of organic fertilizer on soil fertility and plant height (28.8%) as major outcomes. In addition, vermicompost substantially increased soil total nitrogen (60.5%), soil organic matter (60.9%) including dissolved organic carbon (52.2%), and shoot biomass (V4, three-fold increase) compared with NPK and CK. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that vermicomposting combined with wetland plants is a feasible method for organic amendments and offers an innovative approach for recycling ecological waste to produce nutrient-rich organic fertilizers, reduce environmental damage, and improve crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Turab Raza
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yingmo Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.o. Box 3015, 2601, DA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Laboratory of Environmental Health & Wildlife, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adugna Feyissa
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shamshad Khan
- School of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
| | - Raheel Anjum
- Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmed Bazai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Feyissa A, Gurmesa GA, Yang F, Long C, Zhang Q, Cheng X. Soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry in secondary grasslands along a climatic gradient of subtropical China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 825:154019. [PMID: 35192834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil extracellular enzymes plays key roles in ecosystem carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling, and are very sensitive to climatic, plant, and edaphic factors. However, the interactive effects of these factors on soil enzyme activities at large spatial scales remain unclear. Here, we investigated the spatial pattern of the activities of five soil hydrolyzing enzymes [β-D-cellobiohydrolase (CB), β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), L-leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (AP)], and their C:N:P acquisition ratios in relation to plant inputs and edaphic properties across a 600-km climatic gradient in secondary grasslands of subtropical China. The activities of CB, BG, and NAG decreased while that of LAP increased with the increasing mean annual temperature (MAT). The activities of all enzymes did not significantly vary with the mean annual precipitation (MAP). We found that the activities of BG, NAG, and AP were predominately dependent on plant N contents, while the soil LAP activity was tightly related to soil recalcitrant C and N contents. In contrast, the ecoenzymatic C:nutrient (N and P) acquisition ratios increased with increasing MAP and decreasing MAT, primarily due to the increase in plant input at warmer and wetter sites. In addition to climates, plant C inputs, C use efficiency, soil pH, soil organic C, soil C:P, and N:P ratios explained 79% and 72% of the overall variation in ecoenzymatic C:nutrient and P:N acquisition ratios, respectively. The pattern of ecoenzymatic C:N:P acquisition ratios also revealed unexpected N limitation in subtropical grasslands. Overall, our study highlighted the importance of climate in controlling soil biological C, N, and P acquisition activities through its direct and indirect effects on plant inputs and soil edaphic factors, thereby providing useful information for better understanding and predictions of soil C and nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems at regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Feyissa
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chunyan Long
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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De la Garza-Ramos C, Jain A, Montazeri SA, Okromelidze L, McGeary R, Bhatt AA, Sandhu SJS, Grewal SS, Feyissa A, Sirven JI, Ritaccio AL, Tatum WO, Gupta V, Middlebrooks EH. Brain Abnormalities and Epilepsy in Patients with Parry-Romberg Syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:850-856. [PMID: 35672084 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by progressive hemifacial atrophy. Concomitant brain abnormalities have been reported, frequently resulting in epilepsy, but the frequency and spectrum of brain involvement are not well-established. This study aimed to characterize brain abnormalities in Parry-Romberg syndrome and their association with epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a single-center, retrospective review of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Parry-Romberg syndrome and brain MR imaging. The degree of unilateral hemispheric atrophy, white matter disease, microhemorrhage, and leptomeningeal enhancement was graded as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Other abnormalities were qualitatively reported. Findings were considered potentially Parry-Romberg syndrome-related when occurring asymmetrically on the side affected by Parry-Romberg syndrome. RESULTS Of 80 patients, 48 (60%) had brain abnormalities identified on MR imaging, with 26 (32%) having abnormalities localized to the side of the hemifacial atrophy. Sixteen (20%) had epilepsy. MR imaging brain abnormalities were more common in the epilepsy group (100% versus 48%, P < .001) and were more frequently present ipsilateral to the hemifacial atrophy in patients with epilepsy (81% versus 20%, P < .001). Asymmetric white matter disease was the predominant finding in patients with (88%) and without (23%) epilepsy. White matter disease and hemispheric atrophy had a higher frequency and severity in patients with epilepsy (P < .001). Microhemorrhage was also more frequent in the epilepsy group (P = .015). CONCLUSIONS Ipsilateral MR imaging brain abnormalities are common in patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome, with a higher frequency and greater severity in those with epilepsy. The most common findings in both groups are white matter disease and hemispheric atrophy, both presenting with greater severity in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De la Garza-Ramos
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - A Jain
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - S A Montazeri
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - L Okromelidze
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - R McGeary
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - A A Bhatt
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - S J S Sandhu
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - S S Grewal
- Department of Neurologic Surgery (S.S.G.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - A Feyissa
- Department of Neurology (A.F., J.I.S., A.L.R., W.O.T.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - J I Sirven
- Department of Neurology (A.F., J.I.S., A.L.R., W.O.T.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - A L Ritaccio
- Department of Neurology (A.F., J.I.S., A.L.R., W.O.T.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - W O Tatum
- Department of Neurology (A.F., J.I.S., A.L.R., W.O.T.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - V Gupta
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - E H Middlebrooks
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.l.G.-R., A.J., S.A.M., L.O., R.M., A.A.B., S.J.S., V.G., E.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Feyissa A, Yang F, Wu J, Chen Q, Zhang D, Cheng X. Soil nitrogen dynamics at a regional scale along a precipitation gradient in secondary grassland of China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 781:146736. [PMID: 33812122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The availability of soil inorganic nitrogen (N) is primarily regulated by the rates of soil N transformation, including mineralization, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, and are sensitive to climate, plant, and soil factors. However, the interactive effects among these factors regulating soil N transformation rates in ecosystems across large spatial scales remain unclear. Here, we investigated the spatial patterns of the potential N mineralization, nitrification, ammonification, and denitrification rates in relation to plant traits and soil edaphic conditions across a 600-km precipitation gradient in secondary grasslands of South China. The soil potential N mineralization and nitrification rates significantly increased with increasing precipitation. However, the soil potential N ammonification and denitrification rates did not significantly vary with precipitation. Moreover, the soil potential N nitrification and denitrification rates significantly increased with increasing soil pH, whereas the potential N mineralization and ammonification rates decreased with increasing soil pH. The soil potential N mineralization rate was positively correlated with soil labile N but negatively correlated with soil recalcitrant C and N contents. Our results revealed that changes in soil NH4+-N and pH along precipitation gradients primarily controlled the potential N mineralization, nitrification, and ammonification rates. In contrast, soil NO3--N, soil pH, and plant N inputs predominantly regulated the potential N denitrification rate. Overall, our results reveal that soil N transformation varies along the precipitation gradient, and these results need to be considered when studying the effects of climate change on N cycling in grassland ecosystems across diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Feyissa
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Junjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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Feyissa A, Yang F, Feng J, Wu J, Chen Q, Cheng X. Soil labile and recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen dynamics in relation to functional vegetation groups along precipitation gradients in secondary grasslands of South China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:10528-10540. [PMID: 31939024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are strongly controlled by plant inputs and climatic conditions. However, the interrelation of labile and recalcitrant pools with changes in plant functional groups (i.e., C3 and C4) along precipitation gradients is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the soil organic C and N (SOC and SON), labile C and N (LC and LN), recalcitrant C and N (RC and RN), and their isotopes (δ13C, and δ15N) in relation to C3 and C4 plant inputs from 20 sites across a 600-km precipitation gradient in secondary grasslands of South China. The SOC content decreased first slightly and then increased along precipitation gradients, largely due to the increase in C4 plant C inputs in the lower precipitation regions. In contrast, the SON content increased with increasing N inputs from C3 plant at higher precipitation regions. The LC and LN contents increased with increasing precipitation, whereas RC and RN did not change with precipitation. The LC and LN were correlated with plant C and N contents, as well as the mean annual precipitation, respectively. Increases in LC and LN stocks were tightly related to enhanced plant C and N inputs influenced by precipitation, suggesting stronger sensitivity of labile pools to both plant functional groups inputs and precipitation compared to the recalcitrant pool. Moreover, the δ13C values in RC declined with precipitation, while the δ15N values of both labile and recalcitrant N increased with increasing precipitation, further revealing that soil labile and recalcitrant C and N pools closely related to the shift in the C3 and C4 plant along precipitation gradients. Overall, our findings indicated that soil labile and recalcitrant fractions should be considered in context of precipitation under which plant inputs takes place in predicting soil C and N dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Feyissa
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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