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Amendola LM, Coffey AJ, Lowry J, Avecilla J, Malhotra A, Chawla A, Thacker S, Taylor JP, Rajkumar R, Brown CM, Golden-Grant K, Hejja R, Lee JA, Medrano P, Milewski B, Mullen F, Walker A, Huertez-Vasquez A, Longoni M, Perry DL, Hostin D, Ajay SS, Kesari A, Strom SP, Margulies E, Belmont J, Lanfear DE, Taft RJ. Development of a comprehensive genome-wide cardiovascular disease genetic risk assessment test. medRxiv 2024:2024.05.06.24306379. [PMID: 38766118 PMCID: PMC11100944 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.24306379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite monogenic and polygenic contributions to cardiovascular disease (CVD), genetic testing is not widely adopted, and current tests are limited by the breadth of surveyed conditions and interpretation burden. METHODS We developed a comprehensive clinical genome CVD test with semi-automated interpretation. Monogenic conditions and risk alleles were selected based on systematic assessment of the strength of disease association and evidence for increased disease risk, respectively. Non-CVD secondary finding genes, pharmacogenomic (PGx) variants and CVD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were also assessed for inclusion. Test performance was modeled using 2,594 genomes from the 1000 Genomes Project, and further investigated in 20 previously tested individuals. RESULTS The CVD genome test is composed of a panel of 215 CVD gene-disease pairs, 35 non-CVD secondary findings genes, 4 risk alleles or genotypes, 10 PGx genes and a PRS for coronary artery disease. Modeling of test performance from samples in the 1000 Genomes Project revealed ~6% of individuals with a monogenic finding in a CVD-associated gene, 6% with a risk allele finding, 0.9% with a non-CVD secondary finding, and 93% with CVD-associated PGx variants. Assessment of blinded clinical samples showed complete concordance with prior testing. An average of 4 variants were reviewed per case, with interpretation and reporting time ranging from 9-96 min. CONCLUSIONS A genome sequencing based CVD genetic risk assessment can provide comprehensive genetic disease and genetic risk information to patients with CVD. The semi-automated and limited interpretation burden suggest that this testing approach could be scaled to support population-level initiatives.
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Mohan S, McNulty S, Thaxton C, Elnagheeb M, Owens E, Flowers M, Nunnery T, Self A, Palus B, Gorokhova S, Kennedy A, Niu Z, Johari M, Baneye Maiga A, Macalalad K, Clause AR, Beckmann JS, Bronicki L, Cooper ST, Ganesh VS, Kang PB, Kesari A, Lek M, Levy J, Rufibach L, Savarese M, Spencer MJ, Straub V, Tasca G, Weihl CC. Expert Panel Curation of 31 Genes in Relation to Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy. bioRxiv 2024:2024.05.03.592369. [PMID: 38765987 PMCID: PMC11100593 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal conditions with some degree of phenotypic homogeneity. LGMD is defined as having onset >2 years of age with progressive proximal weakness, elevated serum creatine kinase levels and dystrophic features on muscle biopsy. Advances in massively parallel sequencing have led to a surge in genes linked to LGMD. Methods The ClinGen Muscular Dystrophies and Myopathies gene curation expert panel (MDM GCEP, formerly Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy GCEP) convened to evaluate the strength of evidence supporting gene-disease relationships (GDR) using the ClinGen gene-disease clinical validity framework to evaluate 31 genes implicated in LGMD. Results The GDR was exclusively LGMD for 17 genes, whereas an additional 14 genes were related to a broader phenotype encompassing congenital weakness. Four genes (CAPN3, COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3) were split into two separate disease entities, based on each displaying both dominant and recessive inheritance patterns, resulting in curation of 35 GDRs. Of these, 30 (86%) were classified as Definitive, 4 (11%) as Moderate and 1 (3%) as Limited. Two genes, POMGNT1 and DAG1, though definitively related to myopathy, currently have insufficient evidence to support a relationship specifically with LGMD. Conclusions The expert-reviewed assertions on the clinical validity of genes implicated in LGMDs form an invaluable resource for clinicians and molecular geneticists. We encourage the global neuromuscular community to publish case-level data that help clarify disputed or novel LGMD associations.
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Brown CM, Amendola LM, Chandrasekhar A, Hagelstrom RT, Halter G, Kesari A, Thorpe E, Perry DL, Taft RJ, Coffey AJ. A framework for the evaluation and reporting of incidental findings in clinical genomic testing. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01575-1. [PMID: 38565640 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no widely accepted recommendations in the genomics field guiding the return of incidental findings (IFs), defined here as unexpected results that are unrelated to the indication for testing. Consequently, reporting policies for IFs among laboratories offering genomic testing are variable and may lack transparency. Herein we describe a framework developed to guide the evaluation and return of IFs encountered in probands undergoing clinical genome sequencing (cGS). The framework prioritizes clinical significance and actionability of IFs and follows a stepwise approach with stopping points at which IFs may be recommended for return or not. Over 18 months, implementation of the framework in a clinical laboratory facilitated the return of actionable IFs in 37 of 720 (5.1%) individuals referred for cGS, which is reduced to 3.1% if glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is excluded. This framework can serve as a model to standardize reporting of IFs identified during genomic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Brown
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.
| | - Laura M Amendola
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | | | | | - Gillian Halter
- Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Erin Thorpe
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Denise L Perry
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Ryan J Taft
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Alison J Coffey
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.
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4
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Sajan SA, Gradisch R, Vogel FD, Coffey AJ, Salyakina D, Soler D, Jayakar P, Jayakar A, Bianconi SE, Cooper AH, Liu S, William N, Benkel-Herrenbrück I, Maiwald R, Heller C, Biskup S, Leiz S, Westphal DS, Wagner M, Clarke A, Stockner T, Ernst M, Kesari A, Krenn M. De novo variants in GABRA4 are associated with a neurological phenotype including developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities and epilepsy. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01600-3. [PMID: 38565639 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nine out of 19 genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits have been linked to monogenic syndromes characterized by seizures and developmental disorders. Previously, we reported the de novo variant p.(Thr300Ile) in GABRA4 in a patient with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. However, no new cases have been reported since then. Through an international collaboration, we collected molecular and phenotype data of individuals carrying de novo variants in GABRA4. Patients and their parents were investigated either by exome or genome sequencing, followed by targeted Sanger sequencing in some cases. All variants within the transmembrane domain, including the previously reported p.(Thr300Ile) variant, were characterized in silico and analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. We identified three novel de novo missense variants in GABRA4 (NM_000809.4): c.797 C > T, p.(Pro266Leu), c.899 C > A, p.(Thr300Asn), and c.634 G > A, p.(Val212Ile). The p.(Thr300Asn) variant impacts the same codon as the previously reported variant p.(Thr300Ile) and likely arose post-zygotically as evidenced by sequencing oral mucosal cells. Overlapping phenotypes among affected individuals included developmental delay (4/4), epileptiform EEG abnormalities (3/4), attention deficits (3/4), seizures (2/4), autistic features (2/4) and structural brain abnormalities (2/4). MD simulations of the three variants within the transmembrane domain of the receptor indicate that sub-microsecond scale dynamics differ between wild-type and mutated subunits. Taken together, our findings further corroborate an association between GABRA4 and a neurological phenotype including variable neurodevelopmental, behavioral and epileptic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin A Sajan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ralph Gradisch
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian D Vogel
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison J Coffey
- lllumina Clinical Services Laboratory, Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daria Salyakina
- Personalized Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diana Soler
- Personalized Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Parul Jayakar
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anuj Jayakar
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Maiwald
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Gerinnungsdiagnostik und Medizinische Genetik Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Saskia Biskup
- Zentrum für Humangenetik, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics (CeGaT), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Leiz
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik S Westphal
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amy Clarke
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- lllumina Clinical Services Laboratory, Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martin Krenn
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences & Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Chandrasekhar A, Mroczkowski HJ, Urraca N, Gross A, Bluske K, Thorpe E, Hagelstrom RT, Schonberg SA, Perry DL, Taft RJ, Kesari A. Genome sequencing detects a balanced pericentric inversion with breakpoints that impact the DMD and upstream region of POU3F4 genes. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63462. [PMID: 37929330 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a family with two maternal half-brothers both of whom presented with muscular dystrophy, autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and sensorineural hearing loss. The elder brother had onset of features at ~3 months of age, followed by clinical confirmation of muscular dystrophy at 3 years. Skeletal biopsy staining at 4.7 years showed an absence of dystrophin protein which prompted extensive molecular testing over 4 years that included gene panels, targeted single-gene assays, arrays, and karyotyping, all of which failed to identify a clinically significant variant in the DMD gene. At 10 years of age, clinical whole-genome sequencing (cWGS) was performed, which revealed a novel hemizygous ~50.7 Mb balanced pericentric inversion on chromosome X that disrupts the DMD gene in both siblings, consistent with the muscular dystrophy phenotype. This inversion also impacts the upstream regulatory region of POU3F4, structural rearrangements which are known to cause hearing loss. The unaffected mother is a heterozygous carrier for the pericentric inversion. This finding illustrates the ability of cWGS to detect a wide breadth of disease-causing genomic variations including large genomic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry J Mroczkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nora Urraca
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Sajan SA, Brown CM, Davis-Keppen L, Burns K, Royer E, Coleman JAC, Hilton BA, DuPont BR, Perry DL, Taft RJ, Kesari A. The smallest likely pathogenic duplication of a SOX9 enhancer identified to date in a family with 46,XX testicular differences of sex development. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2831-2836. [PMID: 37551848 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants that duplicate distal upstream enhancer elements of the SOX9 gene cause 46,XX testicular differences of sex development (DSD) which is characterized by a 46,XX karyotype in an individual presenting with either ambiguous genitalia or genitalia with varying degrees of virilization, including those resembling typical male genitalia. Reported duplications in this region range in size from 24 to 780 kilobases (kb). Here we report a family with two affected individuals, the proband and his maternal uncle, harboring a 3.7 kb duplication of a SOX9 enhancer identified by clinical genome sequencing. Prior fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for SRY and a multi-gene panel for ambiguous genitalia were non-diagnostic. The unaffected mother also carries this duplication, consistent with previously described incomplete penetrance. To our knowledge, this is the smallest duplication identified to-date, most of which resides in a 5.2 kb region that has been previously shown to possess enhancer activity that promotes the expression of SOX9. The duplication was confirmed by quantitative-PCR and shown to be in tandem by bidirectional Sanger sequencing breakpoint analysis. This finding highlights the importance of non-coding variant interrogation in suspected genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin A Sajan
- lllumina Clinical Services Laboratory, Illumina Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carolyn M Brown
- lllumina Clinical Services Laboratory, Illumina Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Laura Davis-Keppen
- USD Sanford School of Medicine, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Burns
- USD Sanford School of Medicine, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Erin Royer
- USD Sanford School of Medicine, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | | | | | | | - Denise L Perry
- lllumina Clinical Services Laboratory, Illumina Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ryan J Taft
- lllumina Clinical Services Laboratory, Illumina Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- lllumina Clinical Services Laboratory, Illumina Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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7
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Keehan L, Haviland I, Gofin Y, Swanson LC, El Achkar CM, Schreiber J, VanNoy GE, O’Heir E, O’Donnell-Luria A, Lewis RA, Magoulas P, Tran A, Azamian MS, Chao HT, Pham L, Samaco RC, Elsea S, Thorpe E, Kesari A, Perry D, Lee B, Lalani SR, Rosenfeld JA, Olson HE, Burrage LC. Wide range of phenotypic severity in individuals with late truncations unique to the predominant CDKL5 transcript in the brain. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3516-3524. [PMID: 35934918 PMCID: PMC9669137 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is caused by heterozygous or hemizygous variants in CDKL5 and is characterized by refractory epilepsy, cognitive and motor impairments, and cerebral visual impairment. CDKL5 has multiple transcripts, of which the longest transcripts, NM_003159 and NM_001037343, have been used historically in clinical laboratory testing. However, the transcript NM_001323289 is the most highly expressed in brain and contains 170 nucleotides at the 3' end of its last exon that are noncoding in other transcripts. Two truncating variants in this region have been reported in association with a CDD phenotype. To clarify the significance and range of phenotypes associated with late truncating variants in this region of the predominant transcript in the brain, we report detailed information on two individuals, updated clinical information on a third individual, and a summary of published and unpublished individuals reported in ClinVar. The two new individuals (one male and one female) each had a relatively mild clinical presentation including periods of pharmaco-responsive epilepsy, independent walking and limited purposeful communication skills. A previously reported male continued to have a severe phenotype. Overall, variants in this region demonstrate a range of clinical severity consistent with reports in CDD but with the potential for milder presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keehan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Haviland
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoel Gofin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Swanson
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christelle Moufawad El Achkar
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Schreiber
- Division of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology, 8404 Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Grace E. VanNoy
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily O’Heir
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne O’Donnell-Luria
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard A. Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pilar Magoulas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahshid S. Azamian
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- McNair Medical Institute at the Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Pham
- The Meyer Center for Developmental Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodney C. Samaco
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather E. Olson
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Equal contributions
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Equal contributions
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8
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Nallamilli BRR, Chakravorty S, Kesari A, Bean L, Hegde M. Reply: Autosomal dominant segregation of
CAPN3
c.598_612del15 associated with a mild form of calpainopathy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2541. [PMID: 33058423 PMCID: PMC7732248 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samya Chakravorty
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GeorgiaUSA
- Neurosciences Division Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GeorgiaUSA
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Lora Bean
- PerkinElmer Genomics Waltham MassachusettsUSA
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9
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Nallamilli BRR, Chakravorty S, Kesari A, Tanner A, Ankala A, Schneider T, da Silva C, Beadling R, Alexander JJ, Askree SH, Whitt Z, Bean L, Collins C, Khadilkar S, Gaitonde P, Dastur R, Wicklund M, Mozaffar T, Harms M, Rufibach L, Mittal P, Hegde M. Genetic landscape and novel disease mechanisms from a large LGMD cohort of 4656 patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:1574-1587. [PMID: 30564623 PMCID: PMC6292381 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs), one of the most heterogeneous neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), involves predominantly proximal‐muscle weakness with >30 genes associated with different subtypes. The clinical‐genetic overlap among subtypes and with other NMDs complicate disease‐subtype identification lengthening diagnostic process, increases overall costs hindering treatment/clinical‐trial recruitment. Currently seven LGMD clinical trials are active but still no gene‐therapy‐related treatment is available. Till‐date no nation‐wide large‐scale LGMD sequencing program was performed. Our objectives were to understand LGMD genetic basis, different subtypes’ relative prevalence across US and investigate underlying disease mechanisms. Methods A total of 4656 patients with clinically suspected‐LGMD across US were recruited to conduct next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based gene‐panel testing during June‐2015 to June‐2017 in CLIA‐CAP‐certified Emory‐Genetics‐Laboratory. Thirty‐five LGMD‐subtypes‐associated or LGMD‐like other NMD‐associated genes were investigated. Main outcomes were diagnostic yield, gene‐variant spectrum, and LGMD subtypes’ prevalence in a large US LGMD‐suspected population. Results Molecular diagnosis was established in 27% (1259 cases; 95% CI, 26–29%) of the patients with major contributing genes to LGMD phenotypes being: CAPN3(17%), DYSF(16%), FKRP(9%) and ANO5(7%). We observed an increased prevalence of genetically confirmed late‐onset Pompe disease, DNAJB6‐associated LGMD subtype1E and CAPN3‐associated autosomal‐dominant LGMDs. Interestingly, we identified a high prevalence of patients with pathogenic variants in more than one LGMD gene suggesting possible synergistic heterozygosity/digenic/multigenic contribution to disease presentation/progression that needs consideration as a part of diagnostic modality. Interpretation Overall, this study has improved our understanding of the relative prevalence of different LGMD subtypes, their respective genetic etiology, and the changing paradigm of their inheritance modes and novel mechanisms that will allow for improved timely treatment, management, and enrolment of molecularly diagnosed individuals in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akanchha Kesari
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322.,EGL Genetics-Eurofins Tucker Atlanta Georgia 30084
| | - Alice Tanner
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322.,EGL Genetics-Eurofins Tucker Atlanta Georgia 30084
| | - Arunkanth Ankala
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322.,EGL Genetics-Eurofins Tucker Atlanta Georgia 30084
| | | | | | | | - John J Alexander
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322.,EGL Genetics-Eurofins Tucker Atlanta Georgia 30084
| | - Syed Hussain Askree
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322.,EGL Genetics-Eurofins Tucker Atlanta Georgia 30084
| | - Zachary Whitt
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322.,Augusta University Augusta Georgia 30912
| | - Lora Bean
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322.,EGL Genetics-Eurofins Tucker Atlanta Georgia 30084
| | - Christin Collins
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322
| | - Satish Khadilkar
- Department of Neurology Bombay Hospital Mumbai Maharashtra India.,Department of Neurology Sir J J Group of Hospitals Grant Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Pradnya Gaitonde
- Centre for Advanced Molecular Diagnostics in Neuromuscular Disorders (CAMDND) 400022 Mumbai India
| | - Rashna Dastur
- Centre for Advanced Molecular Diagnostics in Neuromuscular Disorders (CAMDND) 400022 Mumbai India
| | - Matthew Wicklund
- Neurology The University of Colorado at Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado 80045
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Neurology University of California, Irvine Orange California 92868
| | - Matthew Harms
- Department of Neurology Columbia University New York New York 10032
| | | | | | - Madhuri Hegde
- Emory University Department of Human Genetics Atlanta Georgia 30322
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10
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Punetha J, Kesari A, Uapinyoying P, Giri M, Clarke NF, Waddell LB, North KN, Ghaoui R, O'Grady GL, Oates EC, Sandaradura SA, Bönnemann CG, Donkervoort S, Plotz PH, Smith EC, Tesi-Rocha C, Bertorini TE, Tarnopolsky MA, Reitter B, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I, Hoffman EP. Targeted Re-Sequencing Emulsion PCR Panel for Myopathies: Results in 94 Cases. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:209-225. [PMID: 27854218 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular diagnostics in the genetic myopathies often requires testing of the largest and most complex transcript units in the human genome (DMD, TTN, NEB). Iteratively targeting single genes for sequencing has traditionally entailed high costs and long turnaround times. Exome sequencing has begun to supplant single targeted genes, but there are concerns regarding coverage and needed depth of the very large and complex genes that frequently cause myopathies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficiency of next-generation sequencing technologies to provide molecular diagnostics for patients with previously undiagnosed myopathies. METHODS We tested a targeted re-sequencing approach, using a 45 gene emulsion PCR myopathy panel, with subsequent sequencing on the Illumina platform in 94 undiagnosed patients. We compared the targeted re-sequencing approach to exome sequencing for 10 of these patients studied. RESULTS We detected likely pathogenic mutations in 33 out of 94 patients with a molecular diagnostic rate of approximately 35%. The remaining patients showed variants of unknown significance (35/94 patients) or no mutations detected in the 45 genes tested (26/94 patients). Mutation detection rates for targeted re-sequencing vs. whole exome were similar in both methods; however exome sequencing showed better distribution of reads and fewer exon dropouts. CONCLUSIONS Given that costs of highly parallel re-sequencing and whole exome sequencing are similar, and that exome sequencing now takes considerably less laboratory processing time than targeted re-sequencing, we recommend exome sequencing as the standard approach for molecular diagnostics of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Punetha
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Prech Uapinyoying
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leigh B Waddell
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roula Ghaoui
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gina L O'Grady
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily C Oates
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah A Sandaradura
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul H Plotz
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward C Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolina Tesi-Rocha
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tulio E Bertorini
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Neuromuscular Disease Clinic, Health Sciences Centre, ON, Canada
| | - Bernd Reitter
- Children's Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Nghiem PP, Kornegay JN, Uaesoontrachoon K, Bello L, Yin Y, Kesari A, Mittal P, Schatzberg SJ, Many GM, Lee NH, Hoffman EP. Osteopontin is linked with AKT, FoxO1, and myostatin in skeletal muscle cells. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:1119-1127. [PMID: 28745831 PMCID: PMC5690863 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Osteopontin (OPN) polymorphisms are associated with muscle size and modify disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We hypothesized that OPN may share a molecular network with myostatin (MSTN). Methods: Studies were conducted in the golden retriever (GRMD) and mdx mouse models of DMD. Follow‐up in‐vitro studies were employed in myogenic cells and the mdx mouse treated with recombinant mouse (rm) or human (Hu) OPN protein. Results: OPN was increased and MSTN was decreased and levels correlated inversely in GRMD hypertrophied muscle. RM‐OPN treatment led to induced AKT1 and FoxO1 phosphorylation, microRNA‐486 modulation, and decreased MSTN. An AKT1 inhibitor blocked these effects, whereas an RGD‐mutant OPN protein and an RGDS blocking peptide showed similar effects to the AKT inhibitor. RMOPN induced myotube hypertrophy and minimal Feret diameter in mdx muscle. Discussion: OPN may interact with AKT1/MSTN/FoxO1 to modify normal and dystrophic muscle. Muscle Nerve56: 1119–1127, 2017
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Nghiem
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4458 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Joe N Kornegay
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4458 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4458, USA
| | | | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ying Yin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Priya Mittal
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Gina M Many
- Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, USA
| | - Norman H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA
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12
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Punetha J, Kesari A, Hoffman EP, Gos M, Kamińska A, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I, Hu Y, Zou Y, Bönnemann CG, JȨdrzejowska M. Novel Col12A1 variant expands the clinical picture of congenital myopathies with extracellular matrix defects. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:277-281. [PMID: 27348394 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in the COL12A1 (collagen, type XII, alpha 1) gene have been described in a milder Bethlem-like myopathy in 6 patients from 3 families (dominant missense), and in a severe congenital form with failure to attain ambulation in 2 patients in a single pedigree (recessive loss-of-function). METHODS We describe an 8-year-old girl of Polish origin who presented with profound hypotonia and joint hyperlaxity at birth after a pregnancy complicated by oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth retardation. RESULTS We identified a novel, potentially pathogenic heterozygous missense COL12A1 c.8329G>C (p.Gly2777Arg) variant using a targeted sequencing panel. Patient fibroblast studies confirmed intracellular retention of the COL12A1 protein, consistent with a dominant-negative mutation. CONCLUSIONS As our patient showed a more intermediate phenotype, this case expands the phenotypic spectrum for COL12A1 disorders. So far, COL12A1 disorders seem to cover much of the severity range of an Ehlers-Danlos/Bethlem-like myopathy overlap syndrome associated with both connective tissue abnormalities and muscle weakness. Muscle Nerve 55: 277-281, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Punetha
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Monika Gos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kamińska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Ying Hu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaqun Zou
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria JȨdrzejowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Punetha J, Kesari A, Hoffman E, Gos M, Kaminska A, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Hu Y, Zou Y, Bonnemann C, Jedrzejowska M. A novel COL12A1 variant expands the clinical picture for a collagen XII-related myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Punetha J, Mansoor S, Bertorini TE, Kesari A, Brown KJ, Hoffman EP. Somatic mosaicism due to a reversion variant causing hemi-atrophy: a novel variant of dystrophinopathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1511-4. [PMID: 26956251 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of hemi-atrophy in a young adult male, with a positive family history of three maternal uncles with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The patient showed progressive weakness localized to the left side, an abnormal electromyography, and creatine kinase levels >3000 IU/l. Muscle biopsy showed both dystrophin-positive and -negative myofibers. An out-of-frame duplication variant in DMD, that is, c.(93+1_94-1)_(649+1_650-1)dup(p.?) resulting in duplication of exons 3-7 was inherited, but the muscle biopsy showed dystrophin mRNA with and without the duplication. Dystrophin quantification using mass spectrometry showed 25% normal dystrophin protein levels in the muscle biopsy from the stronger right side. Sex chromosome aneuploidy was ruled out. We conclude that the patient inherited the duplication variant, but early in development an inner cell mass underwent a somatic recombination event removing the duplication and restoring dystrophin expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a reversion leading to somatic mosaicism in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Punetha
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.,Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Simin Mansoor
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tulio E Bertorini
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristy J Brown
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.,Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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15
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Bello L, Kesari A, Gordish-Dressman H, Cnaan A, Morgenroth LP, Punetha J, Duong T, Henricson EK, Pegoraro E, McDonald CM, Hoffman EP. Genetic modifiers of ambulation in the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group Duchenne Natural History Study. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:684-96. [PMID: 25641372 PMCID: PMC4403971 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective We studied the effects of LTBP4 and SPP1 polymorphisms on age at loss of ambulation (LoA) in a multiethnic Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cohort. Methods We genotyped SPP1 rs28357094 and LTBP4 haplotype in 283 of 340 participants in the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group Duchenne Natural History Study (CINRG-DNHS). Median ages at LoA were compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test. We controlled polymorphism analyses for concurrent effects of glucocorticoid corticosteroid (GC) treatment (time-varying Cox regression) and for population stratification (multidimensional scaling of genome-wide markers). Results Hispanic and South Asian participants (n = 18, 41) lost ambulation 2.7 and 2 years earlier than Caucasian subjects (p = 0.003, <0.001). The TG/GG genotype at SPP1 rs28357094 was associated to 1.2-year-earlier median LoA (p = 0.048). This difference was greater (1.9 years, p = 0.038) in GC-treated participants, whereas no difference was observed in untreated subjects. Cox regression confirmed a significant effect of SPP1 genotype in GC-treated participants (hazard ratio = 1.61, p = 0.016). LTBP4 genotype showed a direction of association with age at LoA as previously reported, but it was not statistically significant. After controlling for population stratification, we confirmed a strong effect of LTBP4 genotype in Caucasians (2.4 years, p = 0.024). Median age at LoA with the protective LTBP4 genotype in this cohort was 15.0 years, 16.0 for those who were treated with GC. Interpretation SPP1 rs28357094 acts as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of GC response, and LTBP4 haplotype modifies age at LoA in the CINRG-DNHS cohort. Adjustment for GC treatment and population stratification appears crucial in assessing genetic modifiers in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bello
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neuroscience (Neurological, Psychiatric, Sensory, Reconstructive, Rehabilitative Science), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Dadgar S, Wang Z, Johnston H, Kesari A, Nagaraju K, Chen YW, Hill DA, Partridge TA, Giri M, Freishtat RJ, Nazarian J, Xuan J, Wang Y, Hoffman EP. Asynchronous remodeling is a driver of failed regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 207:139-58. [PMID: 25313409 PMCID: PMC4195829 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, asynchronous regeneration in microenvironments within muscle tissue results in development of fibrosis in lieu of global muscle recovery. We sought to determine the mechanisms underlying failure of muscle regeneration that is observed in dystrophic muscle through hypothesis generation using muscle profiling data (human dystrophy and murine regeneration). We found that transforming growth factor β–centered networks strongly associated with pathological fibrosis and failed regeneration were also induced during normal regeneration but at distinct time points. We hypothesized that asynchronously regenerating microenvironments are an underlying driver of fibrosis and failed regeneration. We validated this hypothesis using an experimental model of focal asynchronous bouts of muscle regeneration in wild-type (WT) mice. A chronic inflammatory state and reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity are observed in bouts separated by 4 d, whereas a chronic profibrotic state was seen in bouts separated by 10 d. Treatment of asynchronously remodeling WT muscle with either prednisone or VBP15 mitigated the molecular phenotype. Our asynchronous regeneration model for pathological fibrosis and muscle wasting in the muscular dystrophies is likely generalizable to tissue failure in chronic inflammatory states in other regenerative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Dadgar
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Zuyi Wang
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Helen Johnston
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - D Ashley Hill
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Terence A Partridge
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Mamta Giri
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Jianhua Xuan
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 24061
| | - Yue Wang
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 24061
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010 Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010
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O'Grady GL, Best HA, Oates EC, Kaur S, Charlton A, Brammah S, Punetha J, Kesari A, North KN, Ilkovski B, Hoffman EP, Clarke NF. Recessive ACTA1 variant causes congenital muscular dystrophy with rigid spine. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:883-6. [PMID: 25182138 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in ACTA1, which encodes α-skeletal actin, cause several congenital myopathies, most commonly nemaline myopathy. Autosomal recessive variants comprise approximately 10% of ACTA1 myopathy. All recessive variants reported to date have resulted in loss of skeletal α-actin expression from muscle and severe weakness from birth. Targeted next-generation sequencing in two brothers with congenital muscular dystrophy with rigid spine revealed homozygous missense variants in ACTA1. Skeletal α-actin expression was preserved in these patients. This report expands the clinical and histological phenotype of ACTA1 disease to include congenital muscular dystrophy with rigid spine and dystrophic features on muscle biopsy. This represents a new class of recessive ACTA1 variants, which do not abolish protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L O'Grady
- 1] Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather A Best
- 1] Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily C Oates
- 1] Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Charlton
- Histopathology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Brammah
- Electron Microscope Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaya Punetha
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kathryn N North
- 1] Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [3] Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [4] Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biljana Ilkovski
- 1] Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- 1] Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kesari A, Punetha J, Uapinyoying P, Clarke N, Waddell L, North K, Plotz P, Tesi-Rocha C, Bonnemann C, Grosmann C, Bertorini T, Hoffman E. P.10.21 Next-generation sequencing meets genetic diagnostics: Development of a comprehensive workflow for neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.06.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Carss K, Stevens E, Foley A, Cirak S, Riemersma M, Torelli S, Hoischen A, Willer T, van Scherpenzeel M, Moore S, Messina S, Bertini E, Bönnemann C, Abdenur J, Grosmann C, Kesari A, Punetha J, Quinlivan R, Waddell L, Young H, Wraige E, Yau S, Brodd L, Feng L, Sewry C, MacArthur D, North K, Hoffman E, Stemple D, Hurles M, van Bokhoven H, Campbell K, Lefeber D, Lin YY, Muntoni F, Muntoni F. Mutations in GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B cause congenital and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies associated with hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:29-41. [PMID: 23768512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophies with hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) are a heterogeneous group of disorders often associated with brain and eye defects in addition to muscular dystrophy. Causative variants in 14 genes thought to be involved in the glycosylation of α-DG have been identified thus far. Allelic mutations in these genes might also cause milder limb-girdle muscular dystrophy phenotypes. Using a combination of exome and Sanger sequencing in eight unrelated individuals, we present evidence that mutations in guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-mannose) pyrophosphorylase B (GMPPB) can result in muscular dystrophy variants with hypoglycosylated α-DG. GMPPB catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose from GTP and mannose-1-phosphate. GDP-mannose is required for O-mannosylation of proteins, including α-DG, and it is the substrate of cytosolic mannosyltransferases. We found reduced α-DG glycosylation in the muscle biopsies of affected individuals and in available fibroblasts. Overexpression of wild-type GMPPB in fibroblasts from an affected individual partially restored glycosylation of α-DG. Whereas wild-type GMPPB localized to the cytoplasm, five of the identified missense mutations caused formation of aggregates in the cytoplasm or near membrane protrusions. Additionally, knockdown of the GMPPB ortholog in zebrafish caused structural muscle defects with decreased motility, eye abnormalities, and reduced glycosylation of α-DG. Together, these data indicate that GMPPB mutations are responsible for congenital and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies with hypoglycosylation of α-DG.
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Clarke NF, Amburgey K, Teener J, Camelo-Piragua S, Kesari A, Punetha J, Waddell LB, Davis M, Laing NG, Monnier N, North KN, Hoffman EP, Dowling JJ. A novel mutation expands the genetic and clinical spectrum of MYH7-related myopathies. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:432-6. [PMID: 23478172 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
MYH7 mutations are an established cause of Laing distal myopathy, myosin storage myopathy, and cardiomyopathy, as well as additional myopathy subtypes. We report a novel MYH7 mutation (p.Leu1597Arg) that arose de novo in two unrelated probands. Proband 1 has a myopathy characterized by distal weakness and prominent contractures and histopathology typical of multi-minicore disease. Proband 2 has an axial myopathy and histopathology consistent with congenital fiber type disproportion. These cases highlight the broad spectrum of clinical and histological patterns associated with MYH7 mutations, and provide further evidence that MYH7 is likely responsible for a greater proportion of congenital myopathies than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel F Clarke
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Tesi Rocha C, Kesari A, Punetha J, Bonnemann C, Hoffman E. D.P.1 Next-generation sequencing approach for muscular dystrophy diagnosis: Advantages and pitfalls of new diagnostic technology. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pegoraro E, Hoffman EP, Piva L, Gavassini BF, Cagnin S, Ermani M, Bello L, Soraru G, Pacchioni B, Bonifati MD, Lanfranchi G, Angelini C, Kesari A, Lee I, Gordish-Dressman H, Devaney JM, McDonald CM. SPP1 genotype is a determinant of disease severity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology 2010; 76:219-26. [PMID: 21178099 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318207afeb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common single-gene lethal disorder. Substantial patient-patient variability in disease onset and progression and response to glucocorticoids is seen, suggesting genetic or environmental modifiers. METHODS Two DMD cohorts were used as test and validation groups to define genetic modifiers: a Padova longitudinal cohort (n = 106) and the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG) cross-sectional natural history cohort (n = 156). Single nucleotide polymorphisms to be genotyped were selected from mRNA profiling in patients with severe vs mild DMD, and genome-wide association studies in metabolism and polymorphisms influencing muscle phenotypes in normal volunteers were studied. RESULTS Effects on both disease progression and response to glucocorticoids were observed with polymorphism rs28357094 in the gene promoter of SPP1 (osteopontin). The G allele (dominant model; 35% of subjects) was associated with more rapid progression (Padova cohort log rank p = 0.003), and 12%-19% less grip strength (CINRG cohort p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Osteopontin genotype is a genetic modifier of disease severity in Duchenne dystrophy. Inclusion of genotype data as a covariate or in inclusion criteria in DMD clinical trials would reduce intersubject variance, and increase sensitivity of the trials, particularly in older subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pegoraro
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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De S, Ghosh S, Chatterjee R, Chen YQ, Moses L, Kesari A, Hoffman E, Dutta SK. PCB congener specific oxidative stress response by microarray analysis using human liver cell line. Environ Int 2010; 36:907-917. [PMID: 20638727 PMCID: PMC3018769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have examined the effect of exposure to different congeners of PCBs and their role in oxidative stress response. A metabolically competent human liver cell line (HepG2) was exposed with two prototype congeners of PCBs: coplanar PCB-77 and non-coplanar PCB-153. After the predetermined times of exposure (0-24h) at 70 μM concentration, the HepG2 cells showed significant apoptotic changes by fluorescent microscopy after 12h of exposure. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified oxidative stress as the predominant enrichment. Further, paraquat assay showed that PCB congeners lead to oxidative stress to different extents, PCB-77 being more toxic. This study, with emphasis on all recommended microarray quality control steps, showed that apoptosis was one of the most significant cellular processes as a result of oxidative stress, but each of these congeners had a unique signature gene expression, which was further validated by Taqman real time PCR and immunoblotting. The pathways involved leading to the common apoptotic effect were completely different. Further in-silico analysis showed that PCB-153 most likely acted through the TNF receptor, leading to oxidative stress involving metallothionein gene families, and causing apoptosis mainly by the Fas receptor signaling pathway. In contrast, PCB-77 acted through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. It induced oxidative stress through the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) leading to apoptosis through AHR/ARNT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo De
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington DC
| | | | | | - Y-Q Chen
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington DC
| | - Linda Moses
- Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC
| | | | - Eric Hoffman
- Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC
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De S, Ghosh S, Chatterjee R, Chen YQ, Moses L, Kesari A, Hoffman EP, Dutta SK. PCB congener specific oxidative stress response by microarray analysis using human liver cell line. Environ Int 2010. [PMID: 20638727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have examined the effect of exposure to different congeners of PCBs and their role in oxidative stress response. A metabolically competent human liver cell line (HepG2) was exposed with two prototype congeners of PCBs: coplanar PCB-77 and non-coplanar PCB-153. After the predetermined times of exposure (0-24h) at 70 μM concentration, the HepG2 cells showed significant apoptotic changes by fluorescent microscopy after 12h of exposure. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified oxidative stress as the predominant enrichment. Further, paraquat assay showed that PCB congeners lead to oxidative stress to different extents, PCB-77 being more toxic. This study, with emphasis on all recommended microarray quality control steps, showed that apoptosis was one of the most significant cellular processes as a result of oxidative stress, but each of these congeners had a unique signature gene expression, which was further validated by Taqman real time PCR and immunoblotting. The pathways involved leading to the common apoptotic effect were completely different. Further in-silico analysis showed that PCB-153 most likely acted through the TNF receptor, leading to oxidative stress involving metallothionein gene families, and causing apoptosis mainly by the Fas receptor signaling pathway. In contrast, PCB-77 acted through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. It induced oxidative stress through the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) leading to apoptosis through AHR/ARNT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo De
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
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Kesari A, Neel R, Wagoner L, Harmon B, Spurney C, Hoffman EP. Somatic mosaicism for Duchenne dystrophy: evidence for genetic normalization mitigating muscle symptoms. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1499-503. [PMID: 19530190 PMCID: PMC2729699 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a young adult male presenting with cardiac failure necessitating cardiac transplantation 7 months after presentation. Skeletal muscle biopsy showed mosaic immunostaining for dystrophin. DNA studies showed somatic mosaicism for a nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene (Arg2905X). The frequency of normal versus mutant genes were determined in blood/DNA (50:50), muscle/DNA (80:20) and muscle/mRNA (90:10). These data are consistent with genetic normalization processes that may biochemically rescue skeletal muscle in male somatic mosaic patients mitigating muscle symptoms (gradual loss of dystrophin-negative skeletal muscle tissue replaced by dystrophin-positive stem cells). To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of a clinically ascertained patient showing somatic mosaicism for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We hypothesize that many somatic mosaic males for DMD exist, yet they are not detected clinically due to genetic normalization. Somatic mosaicism for DMD should be considered in acute heart failure with dilated cardiomyopathy, as genetic normalization in heart is unlikely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Kesari
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
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Méjat A, Decostre V, Li J, Renou L, Kesari A, Hantaï D, Stewart CL, Xiao X, Hoffman E, Bonne G, Misteli T. Lamin A/C-mediated neuromuscular junction defects in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 184:31-44. [PMID: 19124654 PMCID: PMC2615092 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200811035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes lamins A and C, two intermediate filament-type proteins that are important determinants of interphase nuclear architecture. Mutations in LMNA lead to a wide spectrum of human diseases including autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (AD-EDMD), which affects skeletal and cardiac muscle. The cellular mechanisms by which mutations in LMNA cause disease have been elusive. Here, we demonstrate that defects in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are part of the disease mechanism in AD-EDMD. Two AD-EDMD mouse models show innervation defects including misexpression of electrical activity–dependent genes and altered epigenetic chromatin modifications. Synaptic nuclei are not properly recruited to the NMJ because of mislocalization of nuclear envelope components. AD-EDMD patients with LMNA mutations show the same cellular defects as the AD-EDMD mouse models. These results suggest that lamin A/C–mediated NMJ defects contribute to the AD-EDMD disease phenotype and provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the muscle-specific phenotype of AD-EDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Méjat
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kesari A, Fukuda M, Knoblach S, Bashir R, Nader GA, Rao D, Nagaraju K, Hoffman EP. Dysferlin deficiency shows compensatory induction of Rab27A/Slp2a that may contribute to inflammatory onset. Am J Pathol 2008; 173:1476-87. [PMID: 18832576 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene cause limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy. Dysferlin-deficient cells show abnormalities in vesicular traffic and membrane repair although onset of symptoms is not commonly seen until the late teenage years and is often associated with subacute onset and marked muscle inflammation. To identify molecular networks specific to dysferlin-deficient muscle that might explain disease pathogenesis, muscle mRNA profiles from 10 mutation-positive LGMD2B/MM patients were compared with a disease control [LGMD2I; (n = 9)], and normal muscle samples (n = 11). Query of inflammatory pathways suggested LGMD2B-specific increases in co-stimulatory signaling between dendritic cells and T cells (CD86, CD28, and CTLA4), associated with localized expression of both versican and tenascin. LGMD2B muscle also showed an increase in vesicular trafficking pathway proteins not normally observed in muscle (synaptotagmin-like protein Slp2a/SYTL2 and the small GTPase Rab27A). We propose that Rab27A/Slp2a expression in LGMD2B muscle provides a compensatory vesicular trafficking pathway that is able to repair membrane damage in the absence of dysferlin. However, this same pathway may release endocytotic vesicle contents, resulting in an inflammatory microenvironment. As dysferlin deficiency has been shown to enhance phagocytosis by macrophages, together with our findings of abnormal myofiber endocytosis pathways and dendritic-T cell activation markers, these results suggest a model of immune and inflammatory network over-stimulation that may explain the subacute inflammatory presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Kesari
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010, USA
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Kesari A, Pirra LN, Bremadesam L, McIntyre O, Gordon E, Dubrovsky AL, Viswanathan V, Hoffman EP. Integrated DNA, cDNA, and protein studies in Becker muscular dystrophy show high exception to the reading frame rule. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:728-37. [PMID: 18348289 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a milder form of X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, we report a study of 75 patients with immunoblot and/or immunostaining findings of muscle biopsy consistent with BMD (abnormal dystrophin). We utilized multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) on genomic DNA (gDNA) to screen all 79 exons for both deletions and duplications. A total of 19 patients testing negative for MLPA mutations were tested for mRNA splicing abnormalities using cDNA-MLPA on muscle biopsy. Complete cDNA sequencing was done on MLPA-negative patients. We identified disease-causing mutations in 66 (88%) of the patients. Of the mutation-positive patients, 42 (64%) showed deletions of one or more exons, 14 (21%) showed duplications, and 10 (15%) showed various mutations detected by cDNA-MLPA and sequencing studies. We found a high rate of "exceptions" to the reading frame rule in this BMD series (out-of-frame BMD; 17/56 deletions/duplications; 30%). This was partly explained by the high incidence of 5' gene deletions in BMD patients (a region known to be a hotspot for exceptions), and due to complex splicing patterns in which a subset of transcripts showed deletions larger than gDNA (exon-skipping). Comparing our findings in BMD to previously published DMD data, BMD patients have higher proportions of duplications, a different distribution of mutations, and higher exception to the reading frame rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Kesari
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Nagaraju K, Rawat R, Veszelovszky E, Thapliyal R, Kesari A, Sparks S, Raben N, Plotz P, Hoffman EP. Dysferlin deficiency enhances monocyte phagocytosis: a model for the inflammatory onset of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B. Am J Pathol 2008; 172:774-85. [PMID: 18276788 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlin deficiency causes limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B; proximal weakness) and Miyoshi myopathy (distal weakness). Muscle inflammation is often present in dysferlin deficiency, and patients are frequently misdiagnosed as having polymyositis. Because monocytes normally express dysferlin, we hypothesized that monocyte/macrophage dysfunction in dysferlin-deficient patients might contribute to disease onset and progression. We therefore examined phagocytic activity, in the presence and absence of cytokines, in freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes from LGMD2B patients and in the SJL dysferlin-deficient mouse model. Dysferlin-deficient monocytes showed increased phagocytic activity compared with control cells. siRNA-mediated inhibition of dysferlin expression in the J774 macrophage cell line resulted in significantly enhanced phagocytosis, both at baseline and in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining for several mononuclear cell activation markers in LGMD2B human muscle and SJL mouse muscle. SJL muscle showed strong up-regulation of endocytic proteins CIMPR, clathrin, and adaptin-alpha, and LGMD2B muscle exhibited decreased expression of decay accelerating factor, which was not dysferlin-specific. We further showed that expression levels of small Rho family GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc 42 were increased in dysferlin-deficient murine immune cells compared with control cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that mild myofiber damage in dysferlin-deficient muscle stimulates an inflammatory cascade that may initiate, exacerbate, and possibly perpetuate the underlying myofiber-specific dystrophic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Kesari A, Idris MM, Chandak GR, Mittal B. Genotype-phenotype correlation of SMN locus genes in spinal muscular atrophy patients from India. Exp Mol Med 2005; 37:147-54. [PMID: 16000867 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2005.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy has been classified into four groups based on the age of onset and clinical severity of the disease. Homozygous deletion in SMN1 gene causes the disease but the clinical severity may be modified by copy number of homologous gene SMN2 as well as the extent of deletion at SMN locus. In the view of scarcity of genotype and phenotype correlation data from India, this study has been undertaken to determine that correlation in SMA patients by using the SMN and NAIP genes and two polymorphic markers C212 and C272 located in this region. Two to four alleles of the markers C212 and C272 were observed in normal individuals. However, majority of Type I patients showed only one allele from both markers whereas in Type II and III patients, 2-3 alleles were observed. The SMN2 copy number in our type III patients showed that patients carry 3-5 copies of SMN2 gene. Our results suggest that extent of deletions encompassing H4F5, SMN1, NAIP and copy number of SMN2 gene can modify the SMA phenotype, thus accounting for the different clinical subtypes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Kesari
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate, Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226 014-India
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Kesari A, Rennert H, Leonard DGB, Mittal B. SMN1 dosage analysis in spinal muscular atrophy from India. BMC Med Genet 2005; 6:22. [PMID: 15910686 PMCID: PMC1174872 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-6-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) represents the second most common fatal autosomal recessive disorder after cystic fibrosis. Due to the high carrier frequency, the burden of this genetic disorder is very heavy in developing countries like India. As there is no cure or effective treatment, genetic counseling becomes very important in disease management. SMN1 dosage analysis results can be utilized for identifying carriers before offering prenatal diagnosis in the context of genetic counseling. Methods In the present study we analyzed the carrier status of parents and sibs of proven SMA patients. In addition, SMN1 copy number was determined in suspected SMA patients and parents of children with a clinical diagnosis of SMA. Results wenty nine DNA samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR to determine the number of SMN1 gene copies present, and 17 of these were found to have one SMN1 gene copy. The parents of confirmed SMA patients were found to be obligate carriers of the disease. Dosage analysis was useful in ruling out clinical suspicion of SMA in four patients. In a family with history of a deceased floppy infant and two abortions, both parents were found to be carriers of SMA and prenatal diagnosis could be offered in future pregnancies. Conclusion SMN1 copy number analysis is an important parameter for identification of couples at risk for having a child affected with SMA and reduces unwarranted prenatal diagnosis for SMA. The dosage analysis is also useful for the counseling of clinically suspected SMA with a negative diagnostic SMA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Kesari
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-14, U.P, India
- Current Address- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center Washington- DC. USA
| | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia USA
| | - Debra GB Leonard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Newyork Presbyterian Hospital, Cornell Campus, Newyork USA
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-14, U.P, India
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Kesari A, Misra UK, Kalita J, Mishra VN, Pradhan S, Patil SJ, Phadke SR, Mittal B. Study of survival of motor neuron (SMN) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene deletions in SMA patients. J Neurol 2005; 252:667-71. [PMID: 15772743 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-005-0714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In view of the paucity of deletion studies of survival of motor neuron (SMN) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein (NAIP) genes in Indian SMA patients, this study has been undertaken to determine the status of SMN1, SMN2 and NAIP gene deletions in Indian SMA patients. Clinically and neurophysiologically diagnosed SMA patients were included in the study. A gene deletion study was carried out in 45 proximal SMA patients and 50 controls of the same ethnic group. Both SMN1 and NAIP genes showed homozygous absence in 76% and 31% respectively in proximal SMA patients. It is proposed that the lower deletion frequency of SMN1 gene in Indian patients may be due to mutations present in other genes or population variation, which need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Kesari
- Dept. of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
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Misra UK, Kalita J, Mishra VN, Kesari A, Mittal B. A Clinical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Survival Motor Neuron Gene Deletion Study of Hirayama Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 62:120-3. [PMID: 15642858 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.62.1.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirayama disease (HD) is a segmental nonprogressive spinal muscular atrophy found in male patients. OBJECTIVE To report the results of a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography (EMG), and survival motor neuron (SMN) gene analysis of HD. DESIGN Clinical, MRI, and SMN gene deletion study. SETTING Tertiary care teaching hospital. PATIENTS Patients with HD diagnosed according to defined criteria were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS Patients underwent a neurologic evaluation and pedigree charting. Concentric needle EMG was performed on a number of muscles. Motor nerve conduction study of the median, ulnar, and peroneal nerves and sensory conduction study of the median, ulnar, and sural nerves were also performed. Spinal MRI of the cervical region was performed with the 2-T scanner operating at 1.5 T. Gene deletion study of SMN1 and SMN2 was performed in all patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES History of trauma, occupation, exercise, associated medical disease, and cold paresis and muscle wasting, power, reflex changes, and tone. RESULTS Fifteen male patients with HD from 14 families participated in the study (mean age at the onset of disease, 18 years; range, 15-23 years). Muscle weakness and wasting were noted in the right upper limb in 12 and the left upper limb in 3, which became bilateral in 8 patients. Cold paresis was present in 6 patients and polyminimyoclonus in all patients. The EMG revealed fibrillations in 10, fasciculations in 15, and neurogenic motor unit potentials in C7, C8, and T1 myotomes in all patients. The EMG abnormalities were unilateral in 5, bilateral in 10, and subclinical in 2 patients. Spinal MRI revealed cord atrophy in 3 of 11 patients. Although family history was present in 1 brother only, the results of both SMN1 and SMN2 gene deletion studies were negative in all patients. CONCLUSIONS The SMN gene deletion is not found in HD. Exclusive occurrence in male patients and the presence of this disease in 2 brothers suggest a possible role of the X chromosome, which needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Misra
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow 226 014, India.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the psychosocial issues associated with prenatal diagnosis of SMA in India and the use of SMN1 copy number analysis for carrier detection prior to offering prenatal diagnosis. METHODS Homozygous deletion of SMN1 gene was done by PCR-RFLP. Copy number analysis of SMN1 gene was performed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS We report our experience of eight cases of prenatal diagnosis for SMA and the use of carrier detection prior to offering prenatal diagnosis. Quantitative PCR results show that SMN1 copy number analysis is useful to identify couples at risk. CONCLUSION Case analyses depict unique psychosocial issues associated with prenatal diagnosis of SMA from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Kesari
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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35
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Mishra VN, Kalita J, Kesari A, Mitta B, Shankar SK, Misra UK. A clinical and genetic study of spinal muscular atrophy. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 44:307-12. [PMID: 15378871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluates clinical, electromyography (EMG) and genetic analysis of consecutive patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in a tertiary care adult neurology practice in India. METHODS Consecutive patients with SMA attending the neurology out patient department during 2001-2003 were included. They were subjected to a detailed clinical examination, nerve conduction and EMG and muscle biopsy. Clinically patients were classified into generalised and segmental SMA. SMN gene deletion study was carried out in all the patients. RESULTS There were 15 patients with type III and type IV SMA and 15 with segmental SMA (Hirayama disease). The age ranged between 5 and 23 years in type III SMA, 33-50 years in type IV SMA and 16-30 years in Hirayama disease (HD). The latter was found exclusively in males. Family history was observed in 1 patient each in all the groups. In SMA III mother and brother were affected, in SMA IV two siblings and in HD one brother had similar disease. One type III SMA family was associated with deafness and one type IV family had strong association with maturity onset diabetes in young. The EMG was characterised by lack of fibrillations in all type III and IV SMA patients except 1 whereas in HD, 11 out of 15 had fibrillations suggesting ongoing denervation. The EMG was suggestive of reinnervation in generalised SMA in both upper and lower limb muscles where as these abnormalities were restricted to C7-T1 mytomes in HD. Muscle biopsy in 10 patients with generalised SMA revealed group atrophy in all, and loss of fascicular architecture in 3, clumping of nuclei in 7 and hypertrophic fibers in 4. SMN1 gene deletion was present in 3 patients with type III but none in type IV and HD. CONCLUSION SMN gene deletion was positive in 33% type III SMA whereas it was negative in type IV and HD. Presence of HD only in males may be consistent with X-linked disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi PGIMS, Lucknow.
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Kesari A, Mittal B. Nucleotide differences in SMN1 and SMN2 gene. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24:398. [PMID: 15164419 DOI: 10.1002/pd.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kesari A, Mukherjee M, Mittal B. Mutation analysis in spinal muscular atrophy using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2003; 40:439-441. [PMID: 22900372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction digestion is universally used for molecular diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In the present study, we have used a modified strategy based on amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) to develop a rapid and reliable method for mutation detection and prenatal diagnosis in SMA patients. The telomeric (SMN1) and centromeric (SMN2) copies of exon 7 of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene were amplified by ARMS-PCR, using primers specific to SMN1 and SMN2 nucleotide sequence with the exonic mismatch G (for SMN1) and A (for SMN2) at the 3' end. The PCR products were analyzed on agarose gels. All the patients who had homozygous deletion of exon 7 of SMN1 gene by conventional PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method showed the same deletion status by ARMS-PCR. This procedure showed a 100% concordance between PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR methods for the detection of SMN1/SMN2 status in patients with SMA. An artifact due to incomplete digestion is not a problem while using ARMS-PCR. The modified protocol is specific, rapid and highly reliable for use in prenatal diagnosis as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Kesari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
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Pandey GS, Kesari A, Mukherjee M, Mittal RD, Mittal B. Re-evaluation of reading frame-shift hypothesis in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. Neurol India 2003; 51:367-9. [PMID: 14652441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The reading frame hypothesis has been proposed to explain the molecular basis of two allelic forms of muscular dystrophies, Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD). To evaluate the hypothesis in Indian D/BMD patients, we analyzed deletion of dystrophin exons in 147 DMD and 19 BMD patients. Our studies showed deviation of more than 30% from the reading frame hypothesis in DMD patients (47/147). The present results implicate a need to reevaluate the reading frame hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Pandey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow - 226014, India
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Pal SK, Pandey GS, Kesari A, Choudhuri G, Mittal B. Fighting cancer in the information age: the role of Internet. Indian J Exp Biol 2003; 41:189-200. [PMID: 15267146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem worldwide which is likely to assume alarming proportions in the next two decades. Communication and information have increasingly been considered important in helping people to cope with cancer. The arrival of Internet offers the opportunity to fundamentally reinvent medicine and health care delivery. Medical professionals can now use the Internet for continuing medical education, access latest medical information, for fast confirmation of diagnosis, exchange opinion on treatment strategies and in palliative care. Internet can provide cost-effective and timely ways to deliver a complex mix of interesting and high-quality information and expertise to cancer patients. Patients can also independently search the Internet to know about their illness and treatment options. However, of concern is the quality of information that is available in the 'Net'. Some Internet sites may contain erroneous information on cancer and can pose serious problems. There are also many good sites, which provide quality information on cancer for medical professionals, researchers and patients. This article focuses on how the Internet will aid us in fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Kumar Pal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 014, India.
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Panigrahi I, Kesari A, Phadke SR, Mittal B. Clinical and molecular diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy. Neurol India 2002; 50:117-22. [PMID: 12134171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The spinal muscular atrophies are a group of disorders characterized by flaccid limb weakness. It is necessary to differentiate these from other causes and identify the SMA variants. In classical SMA, majority of the patients shows homozygous deletion of the telomeric SMN gene (SMN1) on chromosome 5q. The availability of DNA analysis has allowed proper genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in the affected families. Application of newer techniques has enabled more accurate carrier detection. Our objective is to stress the variability in the clinical features and recent advances in the molecular diagnosis for SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Panigrahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
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Rohlff C, Blagosklonny MV, Kyle E, Kesari A, Kim IY, Zelner DJ, Hakim F, Trepel J, Bergan RC. Prostate cancer cell growth inhibition by tamoxifen is associated with inhibition of protein kinase C and induction of p21(waf1/cip1). Prostate 1998; 37:51-9. [PMID: 9721069 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(19980915)37:1<51::aid-pros8>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and modulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are both associated with tamoxifen treatment, and both appear to be important in the regulation of prostate cancer cell growth. Investigations were performed which sought to measure the efficacy, and to elucidate the mechanism of growth inhibition by tamoxifen, in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. METHODS Growth assays were performed on PC3, PC3-M, and DU145 prostate cancer cells. TGF-beta was measured by ELISA; p21(waf1/cip1) and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein levels were measured by Western blot; PKC activity was measured by kinase assay; and effects upon cell cycle were measured by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS IC50s for growth inhibition ranged from 5.5-10 microM, and were not affected by estrogen. Tamoxifen-mediated growth inhibition was not associated with induction of TGF-beta. However, tamoxifen treatment was associated with inhibition of PKC, which was followed by induction of p21(waf1/cip1), Rb dephosphorylation, and G1/S phase cell cycle arrest. Similar effects were observed with the known PKC inhibitor, Ro31-8220. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that micromolar concentrations of tamoxifen inhibit prostate cancer cell growth by inhibition of PKC, resulting in induction of the p21(waf1/cip1) protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rohlff
- Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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