1
|
Josa-Culleré L, Galan SRG, Cogswell TJ, Jackson TR, Jay-Smith M, Mola L, Greaves CR, Carter TS, Madden KS, Trott S, Zhang D, Bataille CJR, Davies SG, Vyas P, Milne TA, Naylor A, Wynne GM, Russell AJ. Phenotypic screening identifies a trisubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine series that induces differentiation in multiple AML cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115509. [PMID: 37343464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive type of leukaemia with low rates of long-term survival. While the current standard of care is based on cytotoxic chemotherapy, a promising emerging approach is differentiation therapy. However, most current differentiating agents target specific mutations and are effective only in certain patient subtypes. To identify agents which may be effective in wider population cohorts, we performed a phenotypic screen with the myeloid marker CD11b and identified a compound series that was able to differentiate AML cell lines in vitro regardless of their mutation status. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that replacing the formamide and catechol methyl ether groups with sulfonamide and indazole respectively improved the in vitro metabolic profile of the series while maintaining the differentiation profile in multiple cell lines. This optimisation exercise enabled progression of a lead compound to in vivo efficacy testing. Our work supports the promise of phenotypic screening to identify novel small molecules that induce differentiation in a wide range of AML subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Josa-Culleré
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sébastien R G Galan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Thomas J Cogswell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Thomas R Jackson
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Morgan Jay-Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Laura Mola
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher R Greaves
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tom S Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Katrina S Madden
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sophie Trott
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Douzi Zhang
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Alan Naylor
- Alan Naylor Consultancy Ltd., Harston, Cambridge, CB22 7QJ, UK
| | - Graham M Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aalbers J, Akerib DS, Akerlof CW, Al Musalhi AK, Alder F, Alqahtani A, Alsum SK, Amarasinghe CS, Ames A, Anderson TJ, Angelides N, Araújo HM, Armstrong JE, Arthurs M, Azadi S, Bailey AJ, Baker A, Balajthy J, Balashov S, Bang J, Bargemann JW, Barry MJ, Barthel J, Bauer D, Baxter A, Beattie K, Belle J, Beltrame P, Bensinger J, Benson T, Bernard EP, Bhatti A, Biekert A, Biesiadzinski TP, Birch HJ, Birrittella B, Blockinger GM, Boast KE, Boxer B, Bramante R, Brew CAJ, Brás P, Buckley JH, Bugaev VV, Burdin S, Busenitz JK, Buuck M, Cabrita R, Carels C, Carlsmith DL, Carlson B, Carmona-Benitez MC, Cascella M, Chan C, Chawla A, Chen H, Cherwinka JJ, Chott NI, Cole A, Coleman J, Converse MV, Cottle A, Cox G, Craddock WW, Creaner O, Curran D, Currie A, Cutter JE, Dahl CE, David A, Davis J, Davison TJR, Delgaudio J, Dey S, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Dushkin A, Edberg TK, Edwards WR, Elnimr MM, Emmet WT, Eriksen SR, Faham CH, Fan A, Fayer S, Fearon NM, Fiorucci S, Flaecher H, Ford P, Francis VB, Fraser ED, Fruth T, Gaitskell RJ, Gantos NJ, Garcia D, Geffre A, Gehman VM, Genovesi J, Ghag C, Gibbons R, Gibson E, Gilchriese MGD, Gokhale S, Gomber B, Green J, Greenall A, Greenwood S, van der Grinten MGD, Gwilliam CB, Hall CR, Hans S, Hanzel K, Harrison A, Hartigan-O'Connor E, Haselschwardt SJ, Hernandez MA, Hertel SA, Heuermann G, Hjemfelt C, Hoff MD, Holtom E, Hor JYK, Horn M, Huang DQ, Hunt D, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, James RS, Jeffery SN, Ji W, Johnson J, Kaboth AC, Kamaha AC, Kamdin K, Kasey V, Kazkaz K, Keefner J, Khaitan D, Khaleeq M, Khazov A, Khurana I, Kim YD, Kocher CD, Kodroff D, Korley L, Korolkova EV, Kras J, Kraus H, Kravitz S, Krebs HJ, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Kudryavtsev VA, Kyre S, Landerud B, Leason EA, Lee C, Lee J, Leonard DS, Leonard R, Lesko KT, Levy C, Li J, Liao FT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Linehan R, Lippincott WH, Liu R, Liu X, Liu Y, Loniewski C, Lopes MI, Lopez Asamar E, López Paredes B, Lorenzon W, Lucero D, Luitz S, Lyle JM, Majewski PA, Makkinje J, Malling DC, Manalaysay A, Manenti L, Mannino RL, Marangou N, Marzioni MF, Maupin C, McCarthy ME, McConnell CT, McKinsey DN, McLaughlin J, Meng Y, Migneault J, Miller EH, Mizrachi E, Mock JA, Monte A, Monzani ME, Morad JA, Morales Mendoza JD, Morrison E, Mount BJ, Murdy M, Murphy ASJ, Naim D, Naylor A, Nedlik C, Nehrkorn C, Neves F, Nguyen A, Nikoleyczik JA, Nilima A, O'Dell J, O'Neill FG, O'Sullivan K, Olcina I, Olevitch MA, Oliver-Mallory KC, Orpwood J, Pagenkopf D, Pal S, Palladino KJ, Palmer J, Pangilinan M, Parveen N, Patton SJ, Pease EK, Penning B, Pereira C, Pereira G, Perry E, Pershing T, Peterson IB, Piepke A, Podczerwinski J, Porzio D, Powell S, Preece RM, Pushkin K, Qie Y, Ratcliff BN, Reichenbacher J, Reichhart L, Rhyne CA, Richards A, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rodrigues JP, Rodriguez A, Rose HJ, Rosero R, Rossiter P, Rushton T, Rutherford G, Rynders D, Saba JS, Santone D, Sazzad ABMR, Schnee RW, Scovell PR, Seymour D, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silk JJ, Silva C, Sinev G, Skarpaas K, Skulski W, Smith R, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Soria J, Stancu I, Stark MR, Stevens A, Stiegler TM, Stifter K, Studley R, Suerfu B, Sumner TJ, Sutcliffe P, Swanson N, Szydagis M, Tan M, Taylor DJ, Taylor R, Taylor WC, Temples DJ, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Thomas KJ, Tiedt DR, Timalsina M, To WH, Tomás A, Tong Z, Tovey DR, Tranter J, Trask M, Tripathi M, Tronstad DR, Tull CE, Turner W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Va'vra J, Vacheret A, Vaitkus AC, Verbus JR, Voirin E, Waldron WL, Wang A, Wang B, Wang JJ, Wang W, Wang Y, Watson JR, Webb RC, White A, White DT, White JT, White RG, Whitis TJ, Williams M, Wisniewski WJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Wolfs JD, Woodford S, Woodward D, Worm SD, Wright CJ, Xia Q, Xiang X, Xiao Q, Xu J, Yeh M, Yin J, Young I, Zarzhitsky P, Zuckerman A, Zweig EA. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:041002. [PMID: 37566836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48} cm at the 90% confidence level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Aalbers
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - D S Akerib
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - C W Akerlof
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A K Al Musalhi
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - F Alder
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Alqahtani
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S K Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - C S Amarasinghe
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A Ames
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - T J Anderson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - N Angelides
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Armstrong
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - M Arthurs
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S Azadi
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Baker
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - S Balashov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Bang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J W Bargemann
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M J Barry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Barthel
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Bauer
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Baxter
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K Beattie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Belle
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Bensinger
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - T Benson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - E P Bernard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - A Biekert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - H J Birch
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - B Birrittella
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - G M Blockinger
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - K E Boast
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Boxer
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Bramante
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - C A J Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - P Brás
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J H Buckley
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - V V Bugaev
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - S Burdin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J K Busenitz
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M Buuck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - R Cabrita
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carels
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D L Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - B Carlson
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - M Cascella
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Chawla
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J J Cherwinka
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - N I Chott
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - A Cole
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Coleman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M V Converse
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - A Cottle
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - G Cox
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - W W Craddock
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - O Creaner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Curran
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - C E Dahl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - A David
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Davis
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Delgaudio
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - S Dey
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L de Viveiros
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - A Dushkin
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - T K Edberg
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M M Elnimr
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - W T Emmet
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
| | - S R Eriksen
- University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Fan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - S Fayer
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N M Fearon
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - H Flaecher
- University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - P Ford
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - V B Francis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E D Fraser
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T Fruth
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - N J Gantos
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Garcia
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Geffre
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Genovesi
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - C Ghag
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Gibbons
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - E Gibson
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - S Gokhale
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Gomber
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Green
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Greenall
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - S Greenwood
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - C B Gwilliam
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K Hanzel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Harrison
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - E Hartigan-O'Connor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M A Hernandez
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - G Heuermann
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - C Hjemfelt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - M D Hoff
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - E Holtom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Y-K Hor
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M Horn
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Hunt
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - O Jahangir
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R S James
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S N Jeffery
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - W Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J Johnson
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - A C Kaboth
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A C Kamaha
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
- University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547
| | - K Kamdin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - V Kasey
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - J Keefner
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - M Khaleeq
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Khazov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - I Khurana
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Y D Kim
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - C D Kocher
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Kodroff
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - L Korley
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - E V Korolkova
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Kras
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - H Kraus
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - H J Krebs
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - L Kreczko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Krikler
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kyre
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - B Landerud
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - E A Leason
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J Lee
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - D S Leonard
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - R Leonard
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - C Levy
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - J Li
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - F-T Liao
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Liao
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J Lin
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - A Lindote
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Linehan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - W H Lippincott
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - R Liu
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - X Liu
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Y Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - C Loniewski
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - M I Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B López Paredes
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Lorenzon
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - D Lucero
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - J M Lyle
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - P A Majewski
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Makkinje
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D C Malling
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - L Manenti
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R L Mannino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - N Marangou
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M F Marzioni
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Maupin
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - M E McCarthy
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - C T McConnell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D N McKinsey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J McLaughlin
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - Y Meng
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J Migneault
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E H Miller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - E Mizrachi
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - J A Mock
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - A Monte
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - M E Monzani
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- Vatican Observatory, Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State
| | - J A Morad
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - E Morrison
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - B J Mount
- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA
| | - M Murdy
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D Naim
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - A Naylor
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Nedlik
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - F Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Nguyen
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J A Nikoleyczik
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - A Nilima
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J O'Dell
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F G O'Neill
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - I Olcina
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M A Olevitch
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J Orpwood
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Pagenkopf
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - S Pal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K J Palladino
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Palmer
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M Pangilinan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - N Parveen
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - S J Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - E K Pease
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - B Penning
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - C Pereira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Pereira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Perry
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T Pershing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - I B Peterson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Piepke
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J Podczerwinski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - D Porzio
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Powell
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R M Preece
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - K Pushkin
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Y Qie
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - J Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C A Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Richards
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Q Riffard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - G R C Rischbieter
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - J P Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Rodriguez
- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA
| | - H J Rose
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P Rossiter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - T Rushton
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - G Rutherford
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Rynders
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - J S Saba
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Santone
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A B M R Sazzad
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - P R Scovell
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Seymour
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S Shaw
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - T Shutt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J J Silk
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - C Silva
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - K Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - W Skulski
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - R Smith
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Soria
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - I Stancu
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M R Stark
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - A Stevens
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T M Stiegler
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K Stifter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - R Studley
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - B Suerfu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Sutcliffe
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - N Swanson
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - M Tan
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - R Taylor
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D J Temples
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K J Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - M Timalsina
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - W H To
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - A Tomás
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Tong
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D R Tovey
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Tranter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Trask
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - D R Tronstad
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - W Turner
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - U Utku
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - A Vacheret
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Vaitkus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E Voirin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - W L Waldron
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - B Wang
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J J Wang
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - W Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J R Watson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - A White
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D T White
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - R G White
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - T J Whitis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M Williams
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - J D Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - S Woodford
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Woodward
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - S D Worm
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C J Wright
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Q Xia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - X Xiang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Q Xiao
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - M Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J Yin
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - I Young
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - A Zuckerman
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E A Zweig
- University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cipriani B, Corbin A, Miller D, Naylor A, Khan F, Milne G, Young B, Satchell R, Sarkar S, Quareshy M, Nika A, Singh P, Knox G, Turner D, Sankaran S, Basak NP, Bohn T, Bopp T, Koturan S, Sun B, Fairfax B, McCarthy T, Hughes S. Abstract 668: The translational biology of small molecule GPR65 inhibitors: shared effects between mouse models and human primary tumors highlight the unique transformative potential of targeting a genetically validated innate immune checkpoint. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Whilst the advent of Immune Checkpoint Blockade has revolutionized the management of cancer, a significant proportion of patients have limited or absent response to these therapies. A key cause of this immune insensitivity is the hostile solid tumor microenvironment (TME) dominated by immunosuppressive myeloid cells. We previously identified the acid sensing G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR65, as a primary determinant of these suppressive cells. In mice, genetic deletion of Gpr65 or oral administration of small molecule GPR65 inhibitors in vivo causes a profound repolarization of immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages, an increase in infiltrating effector cells and potent anti tumor effects in syngeneic models. In TCGA data, across all tumors, patients homozygous for a hypomorphic coding variant in GPR65 (I231L) show increased overall survival, providing compelling genetic evidence of the clinical potential of GPR65 inhibition. To further explore the translational potential of GPR65 we employed a range of techniques to define the human biology of this receptor in different contexts. At the mechanistic level, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of human PBMCs obtained from healthy donors demonstrated a pronounced effect of low pH on the myeloid compartment, with a clear polarization of these cells toward an immunosuppressive character and modulation of GPR65 expression. In parallel, pharmacological inhibition of GPR65 in human monocyte derived macrophages exposed to low pH demonstrated that equivalent gene expression changes are primarily due to GPR65 activation. To examine the relevance of these findings to the intact acidic human TME, we performed studies in fresh primary human tumor histocultures from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients with immunohistochemically confirmed high macrophage infiltration and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) expression. In these cultures, GPR65 inhibition caused a dose dependent suppression of a geneset closely overlapping with that modulated by GPR65 in primary macrophages. Furthermore, we observed a marked decrease in immune suppressive IL10 secretion with coincident elevation of specific proinflammatory chemokines. Consistent with these findings, in vivo administration of a small molecule GPR65 inhibitor elicited similar changes in human CA9 expressing RCC PDX tumors implanted in myeloid boosted CD34+ stem cell engrafted NCG mice. In summary, inhibition of GPR65 provides a unique and genetically validated approach to favorably modify the immunosupressive TME with features highly conserved between mouse and human contexts. We propose that GPR65 inhibition holds significant clinical promise, with specific evidence around ccRCC as a potential standout indication.
Citation Format: Barbara Cipriani, Alastair Corbin, David Miller, Alan Naylor, Faraz Khan, Gavin Milne, Barbara Young, Rupert Satchell, Sourav Sarkar, Mussa Quareshy, Anastasia Nika, Preeti Singh, Gavin Knox, Darryl Turner, Satish Sankaran, Nandini Pal Basak, Toszka Bohn, Tobia Bopp, Surya Koturan, Bo Sun, Benjamin Fairfax, Tom McCarthy, Stuart Hughes. The translational biology of small molecule GPR65 inhibitors: shared effects between mouse models and human primary tumors highlight the unique transformative potential of targeting a genetically validated innate immune checkpoint [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 668.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Naylor
- 1Pathios Therapeutics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gavin Milne
- 3Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Knox
- 4Malvern Panalytical, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Tobia Bopp
- 6University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bo Sun
- 7University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cipriani B, Miller D, Naylor A, Milne G, Young B, Satchell R, Sarkar S, Smith Z, McPherson R, Nika A, Singh P, Bohn T, Bopp T, McCarthy T, Hughes S. Abstract 2162: Inhibition of GPR65 counteracts low pH induced immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages: In vitro and in vivo characterization of potent, selective and orally bioavailable small molecule GPR65 antagonists. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The acidic tumour microenvironment (TME) and the abundance of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) are key features of solid tumours that drive immune suppression, support tumour growth and limit the efficacy of approved therapies. We identified the pH sensing GPCR, GPR65, as a key determinant of low pH induced immune suppression in human cancers, particularly in TAMs, based on the following observations: 1) cancer patients who are homozygous for a hypomorphic coding variant in GPR65 (I231L) show a statistically significant increase in survival and altered expression of key immune system genes compared to other genotypes; 2) single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data from multiple solid tumors show that GPR65 and downstream pathway genes are ubiquitously expressed in myeloid and other innate immune cells in human cancers; and 3) low pH acting via GPR65 profoundly alters gene expression in human macrophages in vitro, bringing about a pronounced suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and a marked upregulation of tissue repair genes. These findings identify GPR65 as a novel innate immune check point, and suggest that GPR65 inhibition could be highly beneficial in cancer. Indeed, previous work has shown that genetic ablation of the GPR65 signaling pathway in B16.F10 tumour bearing mice upregulates immunostimulatory genes in TAMs and significantly reduces tumor growth1. Pathios has identified potent and selective antagonists of human GPR65 with excellent oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. In line with their potencies in recombinant cell systems, lead molecules are able to inhibit low pH induced cAMP elevations in primary human macrophages with IC50 values in the single digit nM range. In macrophages subjected to acidic conditions, the inhibitory effects on cAMP are accompanied by a reduction in the expression of anti inflammatory and tissue repair genes, and the enhancement of immunostimulatory genes. In particular, GPR65 inhibition counteracts the pronounced low pH induced suppression of key Type I/II interferon (IFN) response genes and chemokines such as CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. Following oral administration in tumour bearing mice, lead compounds up-regulate the expression of anti-tumor immune response genes at systemic exposures that significantly suppress GPR65 signalling in vitro. Results from tumour growth inhibition studies in mice with our GPR65 inhibitors will be also be presented. In summary, ‘Macrophage Conditioning’ via GPR65 inhibition holds substantial promise as a novel immunoncology strategy to counteract the immunosuppressive effects of the acidic TME on TAMs, and could be deployed either as monotherapy or in combination with T cell checkpoint inhibitors or other standard of care treatments. 1Nat. Immunol. 19:1319
Citation Format: Barbara Cipriani, David Miller, Alan Naylor, Gavin Milne, Barbara Young, Rupert Satchell, Suorav Sarkar, Zoe Smith, Rhoanne McPherson, Anastasia Nika, Preeti Singh, Toszka Bohn, Tobias Bopp, Tom McCarthy, Stuart Hughes. Inhibition of GPR65 counteracts low pH induced immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages: In vitro and in vivo characterization of potent, selective and orally bioavailable small molecule GPR65 antagonists [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2162.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan Naylor
- 1Pathios Therapeutics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Milne
- 2Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Zoe Smith
- 2Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Toszka Bohn
- 4Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- 4Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cipriani B, Naylor A, Milne G, Young B, Satchell R, Sarkar S, Smith Z, Healy L, Unitt J, Holien J, McPherson R, Nika A, Cartier J, Bohn T, Bopp T, McCarthy T, Hughes S. Abstract 1631: GPR65 is a critical mediator of low pH induced immunosuppressive signalling in tumor associated macrophages: Human target validation of GPR65 as a novel innate immune checkpoint and discovery of potent, selective GPR65 antagonists. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major innate immune component in the microenvironment of solid tumors. These cells are highly heterogeneous and plastic but often display a pronounced immunosuppressive phenotype that supports primary tumor growth and metastasis. A recently identified determinant of the immunosuppressive properties of TAMs is the activation of the pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor, GPR65, on these cells by the acidic microenvironment that is inherent to many advanced solid tumours1. Previous work in mouse macrophages has shown that GPR65 activation leads to an elevation of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), an isoform of the CREM gene, which in turn suppresses the expression of a host of proinflammatory mediators1. Consistent with a high expression of GPR65 and CREM in human myeloid cells, and particularly in human TAMs, we now show that equivalent immunosuppressive signaling is also present in human macrophages in response to low pH. Further substantiating GPR65 as an innate immune checkpoint in human cancers, we also show that subjects that are homozygous for a hypomorphic coding variant in GPR65 (I231L) have a significantly improved survival across a range of cancers compared to other genotypes. This survival advantage is maintained in patients with highly glycolytic tumors that would otherwise be predicted to respond poorly to immunotherapy, and is consistent with studies showing that genetic deletion of ICER attenuates the growth of anti-PD-1-resistant B16.F10 melanoma tumors in mice1. With a view to developing a therapeutic agent able to reverse low pH-dependent immunosuppression in TAMs, we identified potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of GPR65 from a screening campaign. These molecules were able to fully ablate the acidic pH-induced expression of ICER in human macrophages with downstream implications for pro-inflammatory cytokines known to support T cell anti-tumor responses. Additional medicinal chemistry optimization led to molecules exhibiting excellent oral bioavailability in preclinical species and systemic exposure that completely suppressed GPR65 signaling following oral dosing in mice. Profiling of these inhibitors in relevant mouse tumor models is currently ongoing. In conclusion, we have (i) demonstrated that GPR65 is a key determinant of low pH-induced immunosuppression in human macrophages and thus an important innate immune checkpoint in cancer, and (ii) identified selective small molecule inhibitors of GPR65 with potent in vivo activity. This work provides the basis for developing novel “macrophage conditioning” therapeutic agents that may have utility across a range of cancers, either as single agents or in combination with other approved immunoncology drugs. 1Nat Immunol 19:1319.
Citation Format: Barbara Cipriani, Alan Naylor, Gavin Milne, Barbara Young, Rupert Satchell, Sourav Sarkar, Zoe Smith, Louise Healy, John Unitt, Jessica Holien, Rhoanne McPherson, Anastasia Nika, Jessy Cartier, Tozska Bohn, Tobias Bopp, Tom McCarthy, Stuart Hughes. GPR65 is a critical mediator of low pH induced immunosuppressive signalling in tumor associated macrophages: Human target validation of GPR65 as a novel innate immune checkpoint and discovery of potent, selective GPR65 antagonists [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1631.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Naylor
- 1Pathios Therapeutics, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Milne
- 2Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Zoe Smith
- 2Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Healy
- 2Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Unitt
- 2Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom McCarthy
- 1Pathios Therapeutics, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hopkinson M, Nicholson G, Weaving D, Hendricks S, Fitzpatrick A, Naylor A, Robertson C, Beggs C, Jones B. Rugby league ball carrier injuries: The relative importance of tackle characteristics during the European Super League. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:269-278. [PMID: 33210564 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1853817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rugby league carries a high injury incidence with 61% of injuries occurring at tackles. The ball carrier has a higher injury incidence than the defender, therefore understanding mechanisms occurring during injurious tackles are important. Given the dynamic, open nature of tackling, characteristics influencing tackle outcome likely encompass complex networks of dependencies. This study aims to identify important classifying characteristics of the tackle related to ball carrier injurious and non-injurious events in rugby league and identify the characteristics capability to correctly classify those events. Forty-one ball carrier injuries were identified and 205 matched non-injurious tackles were identified as controls. Each case and control were analysed retrospectively through video analysis. Random forest models were built to (1) filter tackle characteristics possessing relative importance for classifying tackles resulting in injurious/non-injurious outcomes and (2) determine sensitivity and specificity of tackle characteristics to classify injurious and non-injurious events. Six characteristics were identified to possess relative importance to classify injurious tackles. This included 'tackler twisted ball carrier's legs when legs were planted on ground', 'the tackler and ball carrier collide heads', 'the tackler used body weight to tackle ball carrier', 'the tackler has obvious control of the ball carrier' 'the tackler was approaching tackle sub-maximally' and 'tackler's arms were below shoulder level, elbows were flexed'. The study identified tackle characteristics that can be modified in attempt to reduce injury. Additional injury data are needed to establish relationship networks of characteristics and analyse specific injuries. Sensitivity and specificity results of the random forest were 0.995 and 0.525.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hopkinson
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - G Nicholson
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - D Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - S Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Fitzpatrick
- Faculty of Health, The University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - A Naylor
- Faculty of Health, The University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - C Robertson
- Faculty of Health, The University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - C Beggs
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - B Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akerib D, Alsum S, Araújo H, Bai X, Balajthy J, Baxter A, Bernard E, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski T, Boulton E, Boxer B, Brás P, Burdin S, Byram D, Carmona-Benitez M, Chan C, Cutter J, de Viveiros L, Druszkiewicz E, Fan A, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell R, Ghag C, Gilchriese M, Gwilliam C, Hall C, Haselschwardt S, Hertel S, Hogan D, Horn M, Huang D, Ignarra C, Jacobsen R, Jahangir O, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Korolkova E, Kravitz S, Kudryavtsev V, Leason E, Lenardo B, Lesko K, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Lopes M, Manalaysay A, Mannino R, Marangou N, McKinsey D, Mei DM, Moongweluwan M, Morad J, Murphy A, Naylor A, Nehrkorn C, Nelson H, Neves F, Nilima A, Oliver-Mallory K, Palladino K, Pease E, Riffard Q, Rischbieter G, Rhyne C, Rossiter P, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov V, Sorensen P, Sumner T, Szydagis M, Taylor D, Taylor R, Taylor W, Tennyson B, Terman P, Tiedt D, To W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Uvarov S, Vacheret A, Velan V, Webb R, White J, Whitis T, Witherell M, Wolfs F, Woodward D, Xu J, Zhang C. Discrimination of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils in two-phase xenon time projection chambers. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
8
|
Fenton CG, Doig CL, Fareed S, Naylor A, Morrell AP, Addison O, Wehmeyer C, Buckley CD, Cooper MS, Lavery GG, Raza K, Hardy RS. 11β-HSD1 plays a critical role in trabecular bone loss associated with systemic glucocorticoid therapy. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:188. [PMID: 31420008 PMCID: PMC6698000 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their efficacy in the treatment of chronic inflammation, the prolonged application of therapeutic glucocorticoids (GCs) is limited by significant systemic side effects including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is a bi-directional enzyme that primarily activates GCs in vivo, regulating tissue-specific exposure to active GC. We aimed to determine the contribution of 11β-HSD1 to GIOP. METHODS Wild type (WT) and 11β-HSD1 knockout (KO) mice were treated with corticosterone (100 μg/ml, 0.66% ethanol) or vehicle (0.66% ethanol) in drinking water over 4 weeks (six animals per group). Bone parameters were assessed by micro-CT, sub-micron absorption tomography and serum markers of bone metabolism. Osteoblast and osteoclast gene expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Wild type mice receiving corticosterone developed marked trabecular bone loss with reduced bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular number (Tb.N). Histomorphometric analysis revealed a dramatic reduction in osteoblast numbers. This was matched by a significant reduction in the serum marker of osteoblast bone formation P1NP and gene expression of the osteoblast markers Alp and Bglap. In contrast, 11β-HSD1 KO mice receiving corticosterone demonstrated almost complete protection from trabecular bone loss, with partial protection from the decrease in osteoblast numbers and markers of bone formation relative to WT counterparts receiving corticosterone. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that 11β-HSD1 plays a critical role in GIOP, mediating GC suppression of anabolic bone formation and reduced bone volume secondary to a decrease in osteoblast numbers. This raises the intriguing possibility that therapeutic inhibitors of 11β-HSD1 may be effective in preventing GIOP in patients receiving therapeutic steroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Fenton
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C. L. Doig
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S. Fareed
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Naylor
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. P. Morrell
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - O. Addison
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - C. Wehmeyer
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C. D. Buckley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. S. Cooper
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - G. G. Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K. Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. S. Hardy
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Akerib DS, Alsum S, Araújo HM, Bai X, Balajthy J, Beltrame P, Bernard EP, Bernstein A, Biesiadzinski TP, Boulton EM, Boxer B, Brás P, Burdin S, Byram D, Carmona-Benitez MC, Chan C, Cutter JE, Davison TJR, Druszkiewicz E, Fallon SR, Fan A, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Genovesi J, Ghag C, Gilchriese MGD, Gwilliam C, Hall CR, Haselschwardt SJ, Hertel SA, Hogan DP, Horn M, Huang DQ, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, Ji W, Kamdin K, Kazkaz K, Khaitan D, Knoche R, Korolkova EV, Kravitz S, Kudryavtsev VA, Lenardo BG, Lesko KT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Lopes MI, Manalaysay A, Mannino RL, Marangou N, Marzioni MF, McKinsey DN, Mei DM, Moongweluwan M, Morad JA, Murphy ASJ, Naylor A, Nehrkorn C, Nelson HN, Neves F, Oliver-Mallory KC, Palladino KJ, Pease EK, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rhyne C, Rossiter P, Shaw S, Shutt TA, Silva C, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Sumner TJ, Szydagis M, Taylor DJ, Taylor WC, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Tiedt DR, To WH, Tripathi M, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Uvarov S, Velan V, Webb RC, White JT, Whitis TJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Woodward D, Xu J, Yazdani K, Zhang C. Results of a Search for Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using 2013 LUX Data. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:131301. [PMID: 31012624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.131301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The scattering of dark matter (DM) particles with sub-GeV masses off nuclei is difficult to detect using liquid xenon-based DM search instruments because the energy transfer during nuclear recoils is smaller than the typical detector threshold. However, the tree-level DM-nucleus scattering diagram can be accompanied by simultaneous emission of a bremsstrahlung photon or a so-called "Migdal" electron. These provide an electron recoil component to the experimental signature at higher energies than the corresponding nuclear recoil. The presence of this signature allows liquid xenon detectors to use both the scintillation and the ionization signals in the analysis where the nuclear recoil signal would not be otherwise visible. We report constraints on spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering for DM particles with masses of 0.4-5 GeV/c^{2} using 1.4×10^{4} kg day of search exposure from the 2013 data from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment for four different classes of mediators. This analysis extends the reach of liquid xenon-based DM search instruments to lower DM masses than has been achieved previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Bai
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - J Balajthy
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E P Bernard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E M Boulton
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - B Boxer
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Brás
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Burdin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Byram
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - S R Fallon
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - A Fan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J Genovesi
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Ghag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Gwilliam
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - D P Hogan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Horn
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - O Jahangir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - W Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Kamdin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Knoche
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E V Korolkova
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - B G Lenardo
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Liao
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - J Lin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lindote
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Lopes
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R L Mannino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N Marangou
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M F Marzioni
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D N McKinsey
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D-M Mei
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Moongweluwan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Morad
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - A Naylor
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H N Nelson
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Neves
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K J Palladino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E K Pease
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Riffard
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G R C Rischbieter
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - C Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - P Rossiter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T A Shutt
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Silva
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- LIP-Coimbra, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Department of Physics, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754, USA
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - W H To
- California State University Stanislaus, Department of Physics, 1 University Circle, Turlock, California 95382, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - U Utku
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S Uvarov
- University of California Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - V Velan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A & M University, Department of Physics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T J Whitis
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Woodward
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Yazdani
- Imperial College London, High Energy Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Zhang
- University of South Dakota, Department of Physics, 414E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beattie WS, Wijeysundera DN, Chan MTV, Peyton PJ, Leslie K, Paech MJ, Sessler DI, Wallace S, Myles PS, Galagher W, Farrington C, Ditoro A, Baulch S, Sidiropoulos S, Bulach R, Bryant D, O’Loughlin E, Mitteregger V, Bolsin S, Osborne C, McRae R, Backstrom M, Cotter R, March S, Silbert B, Said S, Halliwell R, Cope J, Fahlbusch D, Crump D, Thompson G, Jefferies A, Reeves M, Buckley N, Tidy T, Schricker T, Lattermann R, Iannuzzi D, Carroll J, Jacka M, Bryden C, Badner N, Tsang MWY, Cheng BCP, Fong ACM, Chu LCY, Koo EGY, Mohd N, Ming LE, Campbell D, McAllister D, Walker S, Olliff S, Kennedy R, Eldawlatly A, Alzahrani T, Chua N, Sneyd R, McMillan H, Parkinson I, Brennan A, Balaji P, Nightingale J, Kunst G, Dickinson M, Subramaniam B, Banner-Godspeed V, Liu J, Kurz A, Hesler B, Fu AY, Egan C, Fiffick AN, Hutcherson MT, Turan A, Naylor A, Obal D, Cooke E. Implication of Major Adverse Postoperative Events and Myocardial Injury on Disability and Survival. Anesth Analg 2018. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000003310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
11
|
Healy MP, Allan AC, Bailey K, Billinton A, Chessell IP, Clayton NM, Giblin GM, Kay MA, Khaznadar T, Michel AD, Naylor A, Price H, Spalding DJ, Stevens DA, Swarbrick ME, Wilson AW. Discovery of {4-[4,9-bis(ethyloxy)-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[f]isoindol-2-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}acetic acid (GSK726701A), a novel EP4 receptor partial agonist for the treatment of pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1892-1896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
12
|
Wilkinson S, Naylor A, Goh K. Digital image analysis protocol for determining the radiocarpal joint space in the rheumatoid arthritic wrist. Comput Biol Med 2017; 89:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Bonacucina G, Naylor A, Whitaker M, Lam JKW, Howdle SM, Casettari L, Palmieri GF. PEGylated Biodegradable Polyesters for PGSS Microparticles Formulation: Processability, Physical and Release Properties. Curr Drug Deliv 2017; 13:673-81. [PMID: 26674199 DOI: 10.2174/1567201813666151207111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particles from Gas Saturated Solution (PGSS) is an emergent method that employs supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to produce microparticles. It is suitable for encapsulating biologically active compounds including therapeutic peptides and proteins. Poly(lactide acid) (PLA) and/or poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) are the most commonly used materials in PGSS, due to their good processability in scCO2. Previous studies demonstrated that the properties of the microparticles can be modulated by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) or tri-block PEGylated copolymers. OBJECTIVE In the present work, the effect of the addition of biodegradable PEGylated di-block copolymers on the physical properties and drug release performance of microparticles prepared by PGSS technique was evaluated. METHOD mPEG5kDa-P(L)LA and mPEG5kDa-P(L)LGA with similar molecular weights were synthesized and their behaviour, when exposed to supercritical CO2, was investigated. Different microparticle formulations, composed of a high (81%) or low (9%) percentage of the synthesized copolymers were prepared and compared in terms of particle size distribution, morphology, yield and protein release. Drug release studies were performed using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. RESULTS PEGylated copolymers showed good processability in PGSS without significant changes to the physical properties of the microparticles. However, the addition of PEG exerted a modulating effect on the microparticle drug dissolution behaviour, increasing the rate of BSA release as a function of its content in the formulation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the feasibility of producing microparticles by using PEGylated di-block copolymers through a PGSS technique at mild operating conditions (low operating pressure and temperature).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento, 6, Urbino (PU) 61029, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Ross E, Naylor A, Kollias G, Filer A, Dean J, Buckley C, Clark A. FRI0052 Targeting Tristetraprolin To Treat Inflammatory Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
16
|
Delles RM, Naylor A, Kocher A, Dawson KA, Samuel RS. 142 Diets with organic trace minerals Bioplex®) and yeast Protein (NuPro®) improved the water-holding capacity of pork loin meat. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/msasas2016-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
17
|
Girling SJ, Fraser MA, Richardson D, Harley J, Ireland JL, Naylor A, Milne E. An acute outbreak of equine dysautonomia (equine grass sickness) in a group of eight Przewalski's horses (Equus ferus [caballus] przewalskii). EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Girling
- Veterinary Department; Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Edinburgh Zoo; UK
| | - M. A. Fraser
- School of Life Sport and Social Science; Edinburgh Napier University; UK
| | - D. Richardson
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Highland Wildlife Park; Kincraig Kingussie UK
| | - J. Harley
- Strathspey Veterinary Centre; Granton on Spey; Highland UK
| | - J. L. Ireland
- Epidemiology Department; Centre for Preventive Medicine; Animal Health Trust; Kentford Newmarket UK
| | - A. Naylor
- Veterinary Department; Royal Zoological Society of Scotland; Edinburgh Zoo; UK
| | - E. Milne
- Easter Bush Pathology; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Midlothian UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Steinthal N, Naylor A, Nayar S, Desanti G, Toellner K, Marshall J, Fitzpatrick M, Caamaño J, Withers D, Buckley CD, Barone C. A1.17 A novel role for CD248 in controlling the differentiation of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) following immune challenge. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207259.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Beer SL, Collins CL, Henman DJ, Naylor A. Maintaining finisher pig performance without dietary organic copper with a mannan-rich fraction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Anim Prod Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/anv55n12ab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Naylor A, Whitaker M, Palmieri GF, Giorgioni G, Casettari L. Evaluation of P(L)LA-PEG-P(L)LA as processing aid for biodegradable particles from gas saturated solutions (PGSS) process. Int J Pharm 2014; 468:250-7. [PMID: 24746690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A series of biodegradable P(L)LA-PEG1.5 kDa-P(L)LA copolymers have been synthesized and compared as processing aid versus Poloxamer 407 (PEO-PPO-PEO), in the formulation of protein encapsulated microparticles, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded microcarriers were prepared applying the particles from the gas saturated solutions (PGSS) technique using scCO2 and thus, avoiding the standard practice of organic solvent encapsulation. Four triblock copolymers were synthesized and characterized, particularly in terms of thermal properties and behaviour when exposed to scCO2. The effects of the inclusion of these copolymers in the formulation of poly(α-hydroxy acids) based microparticles - e.g. poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) - were analysed in terms of yield, particle size, morphology and drug release. The use of P(L)LA-PEG1.5 kDa-P(L)LA triblock copolymers were found to increase the yield of the PGSS-based process and to decrease the size of the microparticles produced, in comparison with the formulation containing the Poloxamer 407. Moreover the microparticles formulated with the triblock copolymers possessing the higher hydrophobic character were able to maintain a controlled drug release profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
| | - G Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
| | - M Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
| | - A Naylor
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Limited BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom
| | - M Whitaker
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Limited BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom
| | - G F Palmieri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
| | - G Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
| | - L Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, Urbino, PU 61029, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Croft A, Naylor A, Zimmermann B, Jaurez M, Hardie D, Desanti G, Filer A, Ulf Muller-Ladner U, Neuman E, Buckley C. FRI0042 Synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis differentiate into distinct fibroblast subsets in the presence of cartilage. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
22
|
Maynard W, Naylor A, Egginton S, Buckley C. The role of CD248 in angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. Int J Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Mehta P, Holder S, Fisher B, Vincent T, Nadesalingam K, Maciver H, Shingler W, Bakshi J, Hassan S, D'Cruz D, Chan A, Litwic AE, McCrae F, Seth R, McCrae F, Nandagudi A, Jury E, Isenberg D, Karjigi U, Paul A, Rees F, O'Dowd E, Kinnear W, Johnson S, Lanyon P, Bakshi J, Stevens R, Narayan N, Marguerie C, Robinson H, Ffolkes L, Worsnop F, Ostlere L, Kiely P, Dharmapalaiah C, Hassan N, Nandagudi A, Bharadwaj A, Skibinska M, Gendi N, Davies EJ, Akil M, Kilding R, Ramachandran Nair J, Walsh M, Farrar W, Thompson RN, Borukhson L, McFadyen C, Singh D, Rajagopal V, Chan AML, Wearn Koh L, Christie JD, Croot L, Gayed M, Disney B, Singhal S, Grindulis K, Reynolds TD, Conway K, Williams D, Quin J, Dean G, Churchill D, Walker-Bone KE, Goff I, Reynolds G, Grove M, Patel P, Lazarus MN, Roncaroli F, Gabriel C, Kinderlerer AR, Nikiphorou E, Hall FC, Bruce E, Gray L, Krutikov M, Wig S, Bruce I, D'Agostino MA, Wakefield R, Berner Hammer H, Vittecoq O, Galeazzi M, Balint P, Filippucci E, Moller I, Iagnocco A, Naredo E, Ostergaard M, Gaillez C, Kerselaers W, Van Holder K, Le Bars M, Stone MA, Williams F, Wolber L, Karppinen J, Maatta J, Thompson B, Atchia I, Lorenzi A, Raftery G, Platt P, Platt PN, Pratt A, Turmezei TD, Treece GM, Gee AH, Poole KE, Chandratre PN, Roddy E, Clarson L, Richardson J, Hider S, Mallen C, Lieberman A, Prouse PJ, Mahendran P, Samarawickrama A, Churchill D, Walker-Bone KE, Ottery FD, Yood R, Wolfson M, Ang A, Riches P, Thomson J, Nuki G, Humphreys J, Verstappen SM, Chipping J, Hyrich K, Marshall T, Symmons DP, Roy M, Kirwan JR, Marshall RW, Matcham F, Scott IC, Rayner L, Hotopf M, Kingsley GH, Scott DL, Steer S, Ma MH, Dahanayake C, Scott IC, Kingsley G, Cope A, Scott DL, Dahanayake C, Ma MH, Scott IC, Kingsley GH, Cope A, Scott DL, Wernham A, Ward L, Carruthers D, Deeming A, Buckley C, Raza K, De Pablo P, Nikiphorou E, Carpenter L, Jayakumar K, Solymossy C, Dixey J, Young A, Singh A, Penn H, Ellerby N, Mattey DL, Packham J, Dawes P, Hider SL, Ng N, Humby F, Bombardieri M, Kelly S, Di Cicco M, Dadoun S, Hands R, Rocher V, Kidd B, Pyne D, Pitzalis C, Poore S, Hutchinson D, Low A, Lunt M, Mercer L, Galloway J, Davies R, Watson K, Dixon W, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Mercer L, Lunt M, Low A, Galloway J, Watson KD, Dixon WG, Symmons D, Hyrich KL, Low A, Lunt M, Mercer L, Bruce E, Dixon W, Hyrich K, Symmons D, Malik SP, Kelly C, Hamilton J, Heycock C, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Harris HE, Tweedie F, Skaparis Y, White M, Scott N, Samson K, Mercieca C, Clarke S, Warner AJ, Humphreys J, Lunt M, Marshall T, Symmons D, Verstappen S, Chan E, Kelly C, Woodhead FA, Nisar M, Arthanari S, Dawson J, Sathi N, Ahmad Y, Koduri G, Young A, Kelly C, Chan E, Ahmad Y, Woodhead FA, Nisar M, Arthanari S, Dawson J, Sathi N, Koduri G, Young A, Cumming J, Stannett P, Hull R, Metsios G, Stavropoulos Kalinoglou A, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJ, Nightingale P, Koutedakis Y, Kitas GD, Nikiphorou E, Dixey J, Williams P, Kiely P, Walsh D, Carpenter L, Young A, Perry E, Kelly C, de-Soyza A, Moullaali T, Eggleton P, Hutchinson D, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJ, Metsios G, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Sandoo A, Kitas GD, de Pablo P, Maggs F, Carruthers D, Faizal A, Pugh M, Jobanputra P, Kehoe O, Cartwright A, Askari A, El Haj A, Middleton J, Aynsley S, Hardy J, Veale D, Fearon U, Wilson G, Muthana M, Fossati G, Healy L, Nesbitt A, Becerra E, Leandro MJ, De La Torre I, Cambridge G, Nelson PN, Roden D, Shaw M, Davari Ejtehadi H, Nevill A, Freimanis G, Hooley P, Bowman S, Alavi A, Axford J, Veitch AM, Tugnet N, Rylance PB, Hawtree S, Muthana M, Aynsley S, Mark Wilkinson J, Wilson AG, Woon Kam N, Filter A, Buckley C, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Croft AP, Naylor A, Zimmermann B, Hardie D, Desanti G, Jaurez M, Muller-Ladner U, Filer A, Neumann E, Buckley C, Movahedi M, Lunt M, Ray DW, Dixon WG, Burmester GR, Matucci-Cerinic M, Navarro-Blasco F, Kary S, Unnebrink K, Kupper H, Mukherjee S, Cornell P, Richards S, Rahmeh F, Thompson PW, Westlake SL, Javaid MK, Batra R, Chana J, Round G, Judge A, Taylor P, Patel S, Cooper C, Ravindran V, Bingham CO, Weinblatt ME, Mendelsohn A, Kim L, Mack M, Lu J, Baker D, Westhovens R, Hewitt J, Han C, Keystone EC, Fleischmann R, Smolen J, Emery P, Genovese M, Doyle M, Hsia EC, Hart JC, Lazarus MN, Kinderlerer AR, Harland D, Gibbons C, Pang H, Huertas C, Diamantopoulos A, Dejonckheere F, Clowse M, Wolf D, Stach C, Kosutic G, Williams S, Terpstra I, Mahadevan U, Smolen J, Emery P, Ferraccioli G, Samborski W, Berenbaum F, Davies O, Koetse W, Bennett B, Burkhardt H, Weinblatt ME, Fleischmann R, Davies O, Luijtens K, van der Heijde D, Mariette X, van Vollenhoven RF, Bykerk V, de Longueville M, Arendt C, Luijtens K, Cush J, Khan A, Maclaren Z, Dubash S, Chalam VC, Sheeran T, Price T, Baskar S, Mulherin D, Molloy C, Keay F, Heritage C, Douglas B, Fleischmann R, Weinblatt ME, Schiff MH, Khanna D, Furst DE, Maldonado MA, Li W, Sasso EH, Emerling D, Cavet G, Ford K, Mackenzie-Green B, Collins D, Price E, Williamson L, Golla J, Vagadia V, Morrison E, Tierney A, Wilson H, Hunter J, Ma MH, Scott DL, Reddy V, Moore S, Ehrenstein M, Benson C, Wray M, Cairns A, Wright G, Pendleton A, McHenry M, Taggart A, Bell A, Bosworth A, Cox M, Johnston G, Shah P, O'Brien A, Jones P, Sargeant I, Bukhari M, Nusslein H, Alten R, Galeazzi M, Lorenz HM, Boumpas D, Nurmohamed MT, Bensen W, Burmester GR, Peter HH, Rainer F, Pavelka K, Chartier M, Poncet C, Rauch C, Le Bars M, Lempp H, Hofmann D, Adu A, Congreve C, Dobson J, Rose D, Simpson C, Wykes T, Cope A, Scott DL, Ibrahim F, Schiff M, Alten R, Weinblatt ME, Nash P, Fleischmann R, Durez P, Kaine J, Delaet I, Kelly S, Maldonado M, Patel S, Genovese M, Jones G, Sebba A, Lepley D, Devenport J, Bernasconi C, Smart D, Mpofu C, Gomez-Reino JJ, Verma I, Kaur J, Syngle A, Krishan P, Vohra K, Kaur L, Garg N, Chhabara M, Gibson K, Woodburn J, Telfer S, Buckley F, Finckh A, Huizinga TW, Dejonckheere F, Jansen JP, Genovese M, Sebba A, Rubbert-Roth A, Scali JJ, Alten R, Kremer JM, Pitts L, Vernon E, van Vollenhoven RF, Sharif MI, Das S, Emery P, Maciver H, Shingler W, Helliwell P, Sokoll K, Vital EM. Case Reports * 1. A Late Presentation of Loeys-Dietz Syndrome: Beware of TGF Receptor Mutations in Benign Joint Hypermobility. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
24
|
Hammond C, Velard F, Ah Kioon MD, Come D, Hafsia N, Lin H, Ea HK, Liote F, Dudek M, Wallis GA, Paton K, Harris J, Kendall DA, Kelly S, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Dixon W, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Ntatsaki E, Watts RA, Mooney J, Scott DGI, Humphreys J, Verstappen SM, Marshall T, Lunt M, Hyrich K, Symmons DP, Khan A, Scott DL, Abraham A, Pearce MS, Mann KD, Francis RM, Birrell F, Moinzadeh P, Fonseca C, Hellmich M, Shah A, Chighizola C, Denton CP, Ong V, Croia C, Bombardieri M, Francesca A, Serafini B, Humby F, Kelly S, Migliorini P, Pitzalis C, Miles K, Heaney J, Sibinska Z, Salter D, Savill J, Gray D, Gray M, Jones GW, Greenhill CJ, Williams AS, Nowell MA, Jenkins BJ, Jones SA, McGovern J, Nguyen DX, Notley CA, Mauri C, Isenberg D, Ehrenstein M, Jacklin C, Bosworth AM, Bateman J, Allen M, Samani D, Davies D, Harris HE, Brannan S, Venters G, McQuillian A, Lovegrove F, Gibson J, Chinn D, Mclaren JS, Gordhan C, Stack RJ, Kumar K, Awad I, Raza K, Bacon P, Arkell P, Ryan S, Brownfield A, Packham J, Jacklin C, Bosworth AM, Wilkinson K, Roberts KJ, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Headland SE, Perretti M, Norling L, Dalli J, Flower R, Serhan C, Perretti M, Naylor A, Azzam E, Smith S, Croft A, Duffield J, Huso D, Gay S, Ospelt C, Cooper M, Isacke C, Goodyear S, Rogers M, Buckley C, Greenhill CJ, Williams AS, Jones GW, Nowell MA, Moideen AN, Rosas M, Taylor PR, Humphreys IR, Jones SA, Vattakuzhi Y, Horwood NJ, Clark AR, Mueller AJ, Laird EG, Tew SR, Clegg PD, Orozco G, Eyre S, Bowes J, Flynn E, Barton A, Worthington J, Eyre S, Bowes J, Barton A, Amos C, Diogo D, Lee A, Padyukov L, Stahl EA, Martin J, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S, Raychaudhuri S, Plenge R, Klareskog L, Gregersen P, Worthington J, Jani M, Chinoy H, Lamb J, Hazel P, Wedderburn L, Vencovsky J, Danko K, Lundberg I, O'Callaghan AS, Radstake T, Ollier WER, Cooper RG, Cobb J, Hinks A, Bowes J, Steel K, Sudman M, Marion MC, Keddache M, Wedderburn LR, Haas JP, Glass DN, Langefeld CD, Thomson W, Thompson SD, Cobb J, Hinks A, Flynn E, Hirani S, Patrick F, Kassoumeri L, Ursu S, Moncrieffe H, Bulatovic M, Bohm M, van Zelst B, Dolezalova P, de Jonge R, Wulffraat N, Newman S, Thomson W, Wedderburn L. Oral abstracts 7: Molecular mechanisms of disease--osteoarthritis * S1. Identification of novel osteoarthritis genes using zebrafish. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
25
|
Allan AC, Billinton A, Brown SH, Chowdhury A, Eatherton AJ, Fieldhouse C, Giblin GM, Goldsmith P, Hall A, Hurst DN, Naylor A, Rawlings DA, Sime M, Scoccitti T, Theobald PJ. Discovery of a novel series of nonacidic benzofuran EP1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4343-8. [PMID: 21676612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Baxendale A, van Hooff P, Durrant LG, Spendlove I, Howdle SM, Woods HM, Whitaker MJ, Davies OR, Naylor A, Lewis AL, Illum L. Single shot tetanus vaccine manufactured by a supercritical fluid encapsulation technology. Int J Pharm 2011; 413:147-54. [PMID: 21554938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Single shot vaccines of tetanus toxoid (TT) were manufactured using the NanoMix process - a low temperature solvent free encapsulation technology using supercritical fluids. The formulations were injected into mice, and compared to multiple injections of a commercially available alum adsorbed TT vaccine. After 5 months the antibody titres were found to be similar for both the alum adsorbed and microparticle formulations, demonstrating for the first time the potential of formulating antigens in PLA microparticles using the supercritical fluid (NanoMix) technique to produce single shot vaccines. The results are likely to be due to the maintenance of toxoid bioactivity and some degree of sustained release of the encapsulated antigens, resulting in repeated stimulation of antigen presenting cells eliminating the need for multiple immunisations. This demonstrates the potential of this supercritical fluid processing technique to reduce the need for booster doses in a vaccine regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aj Baxendale
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd., BioCity Nottingham, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giblin GMP, Billinton A, Briggs M, Brown AJ, Chessell IP, Clayton NM, Eatherton AJ, Goldsmith P, Haslam C, Johnson MR, Mitchell WL, Naylor A, Perboni A, Slingsby BP, Wilson AW. Discovery of 1-[4-(3-chlorophenylamino)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-7-yl]-1-morpholin-4-ylmethanone (GSK554418A), a brain penetrant 5-azaindole CB2 agonist for the treatment of chronic pain. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5785-8. [PMID: 19743867 DOI: 10.1021/jm9009857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and SAR of a series of novel azaindole CB(2) agonists. 6-Azaindole 18 showed activity in an acute pain model but was inactive in a chronic model. 18 is a Pgp substrate with low brain penetration. The template was redesigned, and the resulting 5-azaindole 36 was a potent CB(2) agonist with high CNS penetration. This compound was efficacious in the acute model and the chronic joint pain model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M P Giblin
- Neurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Charrier N, Clarke B, Cutler L, Demont E, Dingwall C, Dunsdon R, Hawkins J, Howes C, Hubbard J, Hussain I, Maile G, Matico R, Mosley J, Naylor A, O’Brien A, Redshaw S, Rowland P, Soleil V, Smith KJ, Sweitzer S, Theobald P, Vesey D, Walter DS, Wayne G. Second generation of BACE-1 inhibitors. Part 1: The need for improved pharmacokinetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3664-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Hall A, Billinton A, Brown SH, Chowdhury A, Clayton NM, Giblin GMP, Gibson M, Goldsmith PA, Hurst DN, Naylor A, Peet CF, Scoccitti T, Wilson AW, Winchester W. Discovery of sodium 6-[(5-chloro-2-{[(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxy}phenyl)methyl]-2-pyridinecarboxylate (GSK269984A) an EP1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2599-603. [PMID: 19332369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Beswick PJ, Blackaby AP, Bountra C, Brown T, Browning K, Campbell IB, Corfield J, Gleave RJ, Guntrip SB, Hall RM, Hindley S, Lambeth PF, Lucas F, Mathews N, Naylor A, Player H, Price HS, Sidebottom PJ, Taylor NL, Webb G, Wiseman J. Identification and optimisation of a novel series of pyrimidine based cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Utilisation of a biotransformation approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4509-14. [PMID: 19523822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many years of work have been invested in the identification of potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. One issue faced by workers is the balance between the lipophilicity required for potent enzyme inhibition and the physical properties necessary for drug absorption and distribution in vivo. Frequently approaches to reduce lipophilicity through introduction of polar functionality is hampered by highly challenging chemistry to prepare key molecules. We have complemented traditional synthetic chemistry with a biotransformations approach which efficiently provided access to an array of key target molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Beswick
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Swarbrick ME, Beswick PJ, Gleave RJ, Green RH, Bingham S, Bountra C, Carter MC, Chambers LJ, Chessell IP, Clayton NM, Collins SD, Corfield JA, Hartley CD, Kleanthous S, Lambeth PF, Lucas FS, Mathews N, Naylor A, Page LW, Payne JJ, Pegg NA, Price HS, Skidmore J, Stevens AJ, Stocker R, Stratton SC, Stuart AJ, Wiseman JO. Identification of [4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyrimidinyl] amines and ethers as potent and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4504-8. [PMID: 19520573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of [4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyrimidine-based cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, which have a different arrangement of substituents compared to the more common 1,2-diarylheterocycle based molecules, have been discovered. For example, 2-(butyloxy)-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (47), a member of the 2-pyrimidinyl ether series, has been shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor with a favourable pharmacokinetic profile, high brain penetration and good efficacy in rat models of hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Swarbrick
- Pain and Neuroexcitability Discovery Performance Unit, Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hall A, Brown SH, Budd C, Clayton NM, Giblin GM, Goldsmith P, Hayhow TG, Hurst DN, Naylor A, Anthony Rawlings D, Scoccitti T, Wilson AW, Winchester WJ. Discovery of GSK345931A: An EP1 receptor antagonist with efficacy in preclinical models of inflammatory pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:497-501. [PMID: 19036582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
Mitchell WL, Giblin GMP, Naylor A, Eatherton AJ, Slingsby BP, Rawlings AD, Jandu KS, Haslam CP, Brown AJ, Goldsmith P, Clayton NM, Wilson AW, Chessell IP, Green RH, Whittington AR, Wall ID. Pyridine-3-carboxamides as novel CB(2) agonists for analgesia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:259-63. [PMID: 19010671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the medicinal chemistry approach which led to the discovery of a novel pyridine-3-carboxamide series of CB(2) receptor agonists. The SAR of this new template was evaluated and culminated in the identification of analogue 14a which demonstrated efficacy in an in vivo model of inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William L Mitchell
- GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hall A, Billinton A, Bristow AK, Brown SH, Chowdhury A, Cutler L, Giblin GM, Goldsmith P, Hayhow TG, Kilford IR, Naylor A, Passingham B, Rawlings DA. Discovery of brain penetrant, soluble, pyrazole amide EP1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4027-32. [PMID: 18571922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
35
|
Charrier N, Clarke B, Cutler L, Demont E, Dingwall C, Dunsdon R, East P, Hawkins J, Howes C, Hussain I, Jeffrey P, Maile G, Matico R, Mosley J, Naylor A, O’Brien A, Redshaw S, Rowland P, Soleil V, Smith KJ, Sweitzer S, Theobald P, Vesey D, Walter DS, Wayne G. Second Generation of Hydroxyethylamine BACE-1 Inhibitors: Optimizing Potency and Oral Bioavailability. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3313-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Charrier
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Brian Clarke
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Leanne Cutler
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Emmanuel Demont
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Colin Dingwall
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Rachel Dunsdon
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Philip East
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Julie Hawkins
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Colin Howes
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Ishrut Hussain
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Phil Jeffrey
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Graham Maile
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Rosalie Matico
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Julie Mosley
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Alan Naylor
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Alistair O’Brien
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Sally Redshaw
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Paul Rowland
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Virginie Soleil
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Kathrine J. Smith
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Sharon Sweitzer
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Pam Theobald
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - David Vesey
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Daryl S. Walter
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Gareth Wayne
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hall A, Billinton A, Brown SH, Chowdhury A, Giblin GMP, Goldsmith P, Hurst DN, Naylor A, Patel S, Scoccitti T, Theobald PJ. Discovery of a novel indole series of EP1 receptor antagonists by scaffold hopping. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2684-90. [PMID: 18378447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the medicinal chemistry approach that generated a novel indole series of EP(1) receptor antagonists. The SAR of this new template was evaluated and culminated in the identification of compound 12g which demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a preclinical model of inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hall A, Bit RA, Brown SH, Chowdhury A, Giblin GM, Hurst DN, Kilford IR, Lewell X, Naylor A, Scoccitti T. Novel methylene-linked heterocyclic EP1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1592-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
38
|
Clarke B, Demont E, Dingwall C, Dunsdon R, Faller A, Hawkins J, Hussain I, MacPherson D, Maile G, Matico R, Milner P, Mosley J, Naylor A, O’Brien A, Redshaw S, Riddell D, Rowland P, Soleil V, Smith KJ, Stanway S, Stemp G, Sweitzer S, Theobald P, Vesey D, Walter DS, Ward J, Wayne G. BACE-1 inhibitors part 2: Identification of hydroxy ethylamines (HEAs) with reduced peptidic character. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1017-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
39
|
Clarke B, Demont E, Dingwall C, Dunsdon R, Faller A, Hawkins J, Hussain I, MacPherson D, Maile G, Matico R, Milner P, Mosley J, Naylor A, O’Brien A, Redshaw S, Riddell D, Rowland P, Soleil V, Smith KJ, Stanway S, Stemp G, Sweitzer S, Theobald P, Vesey D, Walter DS, Ward J, Wayne G. BACE-1 inhibitors Part 1: Identification of novel hydroxy ethylamines (HEAs). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1011-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Beswick P, Charrier N, Clarke B, Demont E, Dingwall C, Dunsdon R, Faller A, Gleave R, Hawkins J, Hussain I, Johnson CN, MacPherson D, Maile G, Matico R, Milner P, Mosley J, Naylor A, O’Brien A, Redshaw S, Riddell D, Rowland P, Skidmore J, Soleil V, Smith KJ, Stanway S, Stemp G, Stuart A, Sweitzer S, Theobald P, Vesey D, Walter DS, Ward J, Wayne G. BACE-1 inhibitors part 3: Identification of hydroxy ethylamines (HEAs) with nanomolar potency in cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1022-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
41
|
De Beule PAA, Dunsby C, Galletly NP, Stamp GW, Chu AC, Anand U, Anand P, Benham CD, Naylor A, French PMW. A hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime probe for skin cancer diagnosis. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:123101. [PMID: 18163714 DOI: 10.1063/1.2818785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The autofluorescence of biological tissue can be exploited for the detection and diagnosis of disease but, to date, its complex nature and relatively weak signal levels have impeded its widespread application in biology and medicine. We present here a portable instrument designed for the in situ simultaneous measurement of autofluorescence emission spectra and temporal decay profiles, permitting the analysis of complex fluorescence signals. This hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime probe utilizes two ultrafast lasers operating at 355 and 440 nm that can excite autofluorescence from many different biomolecules present in skin tissue including keratin, collagen, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), and flavins. The instrument incorporates an optical fiber probe to provide sample illumination and fluorescence collection over a millimeter-sized area. We present a description of the system, including spectral and temporal characterizations, and report the preliminary application of this instrument to a study of recently resected (<2 h) ex vivo skin lesions, illustrating its potential for skin cancer detection and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A A De Beule
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kumar S, Dunsby C, De Beule PAA, Owen DM, Anand U, Lanigan PMP, Benninger RKP, Davis DM, Neil MAA, Anand P, Benham C, Naylor A, French PMW. Multifocal multiphoton excitation and time correlated single photon counting detection for 3-D fluorescence lifetime imaging. Opt Express 2007; 15:12548-61. [PMID: 19550524 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.012548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a multifocal multiphoton time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscope system that uses a 16 channel multi-anode PMT detector. Multiphoton excitation minimizes out-of-focus photobleaching, multifocal excitation reduces non-linear in-plane photobleaching effects and TCSPC electronics provide photon-efficient detection of the fluorescence decay profile. TCSPC detection is less prone to bleaching- and movement-induced artefacts compared to wide-field time-gated or frequency-domain FLIM. This microscope is therefore capable of acquiring 3-D FLIM images at significantly increased speeds compared to single beam multiphoton microscopy and we demonstrate this with live cells expressing a GFP tagged protein. We also apply this system to time-lapse FLIM of NAD(P)H autofluorescence in single live cells and report measurements on the change in the fluorescence decay profile following the application of a known metabolic inhibitor.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hall A, Brown SH, Chowdhury A, Giblin GMP, Gibson M, Healy MP, Livermore DG, Wilson RJM, Naylor A, Rawlings DA, Roman S, Ward E, Willay C. Identification and optimization of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole EP1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4450-5. [PMID: 17574410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of oxadiazole EP1 receptor antagonists was identified by replacing the amide of a known glycine sulfonamide derivative with a 1,3,4-oxadiazole. Optimization of the substitution patterns on the three aromatic rings led to the identification of high affinity EP1 receptor antagonists. The derivative with highest affinity displayed a binding IC50 of 2.5 nM (pIC50 8.6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Giblin GMP, O'Shaughnessy CT, Naylor A, Mitchell WL, Eatherton AJ, Slingsby BP, Rawlings DA, Goldsmith P, Brown AJ, Haslam CP, Clayton NM, Wilson AW, Chessell IP, Wittington AR, Green R. Discovery of 2-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)amino]-N-[(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 5-pyrimidinecarboxamide, a Selective CB2 Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Inflammatory Pain. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2597-600. [PMID: 17477516 DOI: 10.1021/jm061195+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective CB2 receptor agonists are promising potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. A focused screen identified a pyrimidine ester as a partial agonist at the CB2 receptor with micromolar potency. Subsequent lead optimization identified 35, GW842166X, as the optimal compound in the series. 35 has an oral ED50 of 0.1 mg/kg in the rat FCA model of inflammatory pain and was selected as a clinical candidate for this indication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M P Giblin
- Neurology and GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hussain I, Hawkins J, Harrison D, Hille C, Wayne G, Cutler L, Buck T, Walter D, Demont E, Howes C, Naylor A, Jeffrey P, Gonzalez MI, Dingwall C, Michel A, Redshaw S, Davis JB. Oral administration of a potent and selective non-peptidic BACE-1 inhibitor decreases beta-cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-beta production in vivo. J Neurochem 2007; 100:802-9. [PMID: 17156133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Generation and deposition of the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide following proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by BACE-1 and gamma-secretase is central to the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, inhibition of BACE-1, a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of Abeta, is an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We have designed a selective non-peptidic BACE-1 inhibitor, GSK188909, that potently inhibits beta-cleavage of APP and reduces levels of secreted and intracellular Abeta in SHSY5Y cells expressing APP. In addition, we demonstrate that this compound can effectively lower brain Abeta in vivo. In APP transgenic mice, acute oral administration of GSK188909 in the presence of a p-glycoprotein inhibitor to markedly enhance the exposure of GSK188909 in the brain decreases beta-cleavage of APP and results in a significant reduction in the level of Abeta40 and Abeta42 in the brain. Encouragingly, subchronic dosing of GSK188909 in the absence of a p-glycoprotein inhibitor also lowers brain Abeta. This pivotal first report of central Abeta lowering, following oral administration of a BACE-1 inhibitor, supports the development of BACE-1 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishrut Hussain
- Neurology and GastroIntestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development Ltd, Harlow, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hall A, Atkinson S, Brown SH, Chessell IP, Chowdhury A, Giblin GMP, Goldsmith P, Healy MP, Jandu KS, Johnson MR, Michel AD, Naylor A, Sweeting JA. Discovery of novel, non-acidic 1,5-biaryl pyrrole EP1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1200-5. [PMID: 17196385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the carboxylic acid group in a series of previously described 1,5-biaryl pyrrole EP1 receptor antagonists led to the discovery of various novel non-acidic antagonists. Several analogues displayed high binding affinity and high binding efficiency indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
McKeown SC, Hall A, Blunt R, Brown SH, Chessell IP, Chowdhury A, Giblin GMP, Healy MP, Johnson MR, Lorthioir O, Michel AD, Naylor A, Lewell X, Roman S, Watson SP, Winchester WJ, Wilson RJ. Identification of novel glycine sulfonamide antagonists for the EP1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1750-4. [PMID: 17236765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput screen targeting the EP(1) receptor identified non-acidic glycine sulfonamide derivative 2a with a pK(i) of 6.2. Analogue synthesis allowed a thorough investigation of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and led to a 100-fold increase in recombinant potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C McKeown
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hall A, Brown SH, Chessell IP, Chowdhury A, Clayton NM, Coleman T, Giblin GMP, Hammond B, Healy MP, Johnson MR, Metcalf A, Michel AD, Naylor A, Novelli R, Spalding DJ, Sweeting J, Winyard L. 1,5-Biaryl pyrrole derivatives as EP1 receptor antagonists. Structure–activity relationships of 6-substituted and 5,6-disubstituted benzoic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:916-20. [PMID: 17175160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the SAR of 1,5-biaryl pyrrole derivatives, with substituents in the 6-position of the benzoic acid moiety, as EP(1) receptor antagonists. Substitution at this position was well tolerated and led to the identification of several analogues with high affinity for the EP(1) receptor that displayed good efficacy in the established FCA model of inflammatory pain. Furthermore, several analogues were prepared which combined substitution at the 5- and 6-positions as well as derivatives with an aromatic ring fused to the 5- and 6-positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hall A, Brown SH, Chessell IP, Chowdhury A, Clayton NM, Coleman T, Giblin GMP, Hammond B, Healy MP, Johnson MR, Metcalf A, Michel AD, Naylor A, Novelli R, Spalding DJ, Sweeting J. 1,5-Biaryl pyrrole derivatives as EP1 receptor antagonists: Structure–activity relationships of 4- and 5-substituted benzoic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:732-5. [PMID: 17098427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper details the SAR of 1,5-biaryl pyrrole derivatives with substituents in the 2-, 4-, and 5-positions of the benzoic acid group as EP1 receptor antagonists. Substitution at the 2-position was poorly tolerated, whereas only fluorine was tolerated at the 4-position. In contrast, a range of substituents at the 5-position were discovered which enhanced the in vitro affinity and led to compounds with promising oral exposure. Three derivatives showed efficacy in a preclinical model of inflammatory pain when dosed orally to rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- Neurology and Gastrointestinal Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Giblin GMP, Bit RA, Brown SH, Chaignot HM, Chowdhury A, Chessell IP, Clayton NM, Coleman T, Hall A, Hammond B, Hurst DN, Michel AD, Naylor A, Novelli R, Scoccitti T, Spalding D, Tang SP, Wilson AW, Wilson R. The discovery of 6-[2-(5-chloro-2-{[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]oxy}phenyl)-1-cyclopenten-1-yl]-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, GW848687X, a potent and selective prostaglandin EP1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:385-9. [PMID: 17084082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a series of selective EP1 receptor antagonists based on a 1,2-diarylcyclopentene template is described. After defining the structural requirements for EP1 potency and selectivity, heterocyclic rings were incorporated to reduce logD and improve in vitro pharmacokinetic properties. The 2,6-substituted pyridines and pyridazines gave an appropriate balance of potency, in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and a low potential for inhibiting a range of CYP450 enzymes. From this series, GW848687X was shown to have an excellent profile in models of inflammatory pain and was selected as a development candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M P Giblin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and DMPK, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|