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Medeiros PHQS, Bolick DT, Ledwaba SE, Kolling GL, Costa DVS, Oriá RB, Lima AÂM, Barry EM, Guerrant RL. A bivalent vaccine confers immunogenicity and protection against Shigella flexneri and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:30. [PMID: 32257392 PMCID: PMC7101394 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine studies for Shigella flexneri and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli have been impaired by the lack of optimal animal models. We used two murine models to show that a S. flexneri 2a bivalent vaccine (CVD 1208S-122) expressing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factor antigen-I (CFA/I) and the binding subunits A2 and B of heat labile-enterotoxin (LTb) is immunogenic and protects against weight loss and diarrhea. These findings document the immunogenicity and pre-clinical efficacy effects of CVD 1208S-122 vaccine and suggest that further work can help elucidate relevant immune responses and ultimately its clinical efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Q S Medeiros
- 1Center for Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.,2Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - David T Bolick
- 1Center for Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Solanka E Ledwaba
- 1Center for Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.,3Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo province South Africa
| | - Glynis L Kolling
- 1Center for Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Deiziane V S Costa
- 1Center for Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.,2Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- 1Center for Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.,2Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Aldo Ângelo M Lima
- 2Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Eileen M Barry
- 4Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- 1Center for Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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Q.S. Medeiros PH, Ledwaba SE, Bolick DT, Giallourou N, Yum LK, Costa DV, Oriá RB, Barry EM, Swann JR, Lima AÂM, Agaisse H, Guerrant RL. A murine model of diarrhea, growth impairment and metabolic disturbances with Shigella flexneri infection and the role of zinc deficiency. Gut Microbes 2019; 10:615-630. [PMID: 30712505 PMCID: PMC6748602 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1564430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella is one of the major enteric pathogens worldwide. We present a murine model of S. flexneri infection and investigate the role of zinc deficiency (ZD). C57BL/6 mice fed either standard chow (HC) or ZD diets were pretreated with an antibiotic cocktail and received S. flexneri strain 2457T orally. Antibiotic pre-treated ZD mice showed higher S. flexneri colonization than non-treated mice. ZD mice showed persistent colonization for at least 50 days post-infection (pi). S. flexneri-infected mice showed significant weight loss, diarrhea and increased levels of fecal MPO and LCN in both HC and ZD fed mice. S. flexneri preferentially colonized the colon, caused epithelial disruption and inflammatory cell infiltrate, and promoted cytokine production which correlated with weight loss and histopathological changes. Infection with S. flexneri ΔmxiG (critical for type 3 secretion system) did not cause weight loss or diarrhea, and had decreased stool shedding duration and tissue burden. Several biochemical changes related to energy, inflammation and gut-microbial metabolism were observed. Zinc supplementation increased weight gains and reduced intestinal inflammation and stool shedding in ZD infected mice. In conclusion, young antibiotic-treated mice provide a new model of oral S. flexneri infection, with ZD promoting prolonged infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Q.S. Medeiros
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA,Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil,CONTACT Pedro Henrique Q.S. Medeiros Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, 345 Crispell Drive, MR6 Room 2711, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Solanka E. Ledwaba
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - David T. Bolick
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren K. Yum
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Deiziane V.S. Costa
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA,Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA,Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Eileen M. Barry
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Hervé Agaisse
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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de Medeiros PHQS, Pinto DV, de Almeida JZ, Rêgo JMC, Rodrigues FAP, Lima AÂM, Bolick DT, Guerrant RL, Oriá RB. Modulation of Intestinal Immune and Barrier Functions by Vitamin A: Implications for Current Understanding of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections in Children. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091128. [PMID: 30134532 PMCID: PMC6164597 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The micronutrient vitamin A refers to a group of compounds with pleiotropic effects on human health. These molecules can modulate biological functions, including development, vision, and regulation of the intestinal barrier. The consequences of vitamin A deficiency and supplementation in children from developing countries have been explored for several years. These children live in an environment that is highly contaminated by enteropathogens, which can, in turn, influence vitamin A status. Vitamin A has been described to modulate gene expression, differentiation and function of diverse immune cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. This review aims to summarize the most updated advances on elucidating the vitamin A effects targeting intestinal immune and barrier functions, which may help in further understanding the burdens of malnutrition and enteric infections in children. Specifically, by covering both clinical and in vivo/in vitro data, we describe the effects of vitamin A related to gut immune tolerance/homeostasis, intestinal barrier integrity, and responses to enteropathogens in the context of the environmental enteric dysfunction. Some of the gaps in the literature that require further research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Q S de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270 CE, Brazil.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Daniel V Pinto
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and the Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270 CE, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Zani de Almeida
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and the Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270 CE, Brazil.
| | - Juliana M C Rêgo
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and the Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270 CE, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, Christus University Center, Fortaleza 60190-060 CE, Brazil.
| | - Francisco A P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270 CE, Brazil.
| | - Aldo Ângelo M Lima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270 CE, Brazil.
| | - David T Bolick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and the Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270 CE, Brazil.
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de Queiroz CAA, Fonseca SGC, Frota PB, Figueiredo IL, Aragão KS, Magalhães CEC, de Carvalho CBM, Lima AÂM, Ribeiro RA, Guerrant RL, Moore SR, Oriá RB. Zinc treatment ameliorates diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in undernourished rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:136. [PMID: 25095704 PMCID: PMC4142448 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WHO guidelines recommend zinc supplementation as a key adjunct therapy for childhood diarrhea in developing countries, however zinc's anti-diarrheal effects remain only partially understood. Recently, it has been recognized that low-grade inflammation may influence stunting. In this study, we examined whether oral zinc supplementation could improve weight, intestinal inflammation, and diarrhea in undernourished weanling rats. METHODS Rats were undernourished using a northeastern Brazil regional diet (RBD) for two weeks, followed by oral gavage with a saturated lactose solution (30 g/kg) in the last 7 days to induce osmotic diarrhea. Animals were checked for diarrhea daily after lactose intake. Blood was drawn in order to measure serum zinc levels by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Rats were euthanized to harvest jejunal tissue for histology and cytokine profiles by ELISA. In a subset of animals, spleen samples were harvested under aseptic conditions to quantify bacterial translocation. RESULTS Oral zinc supplementation increased serum zinc levels following lactose-induced osmotic diarrhea. In undernourished rats, zinc improved weight gain following osmotic diarrhea and significantly reduced diarrheal scores by the third day of lactose intake (p < 0.05), with improved jejunum histology (p < 0.0001). Zinc supplementation diminished bacterial translocation only in lactose-challenged undernourished rats (p = 0.03) compared with the untreated challenged controls and reduced intestinal IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines to control levels. CONCLUSION Altogether our findings provide novel mechanisms of zinc action in the setting of diarrhea and undernutrition and support the use of zinc to prevent the vicious cycle of malnutrition and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Azevedo OGR, Oliveira RAC, Oliveira BC, Zaja-Milatovic S, Araújo CV, Wong DVT, Costa TB, Lucena HBM, Lima RCP, Ribeiro RA, Warren CA, Lima AÂM, Vitek MP, Guerrant RL, Oriá RB. Apolipoprotein E COG 133 mimetic peptide improves 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:35. [PMID: 22524518 PMCID: PMC3398852 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal mucositis is one of the major troublesome side effects of anticancer chemotherapy leading to poor patient compliance. In this study we addressed the role of the novel apolipoprotein E (ApoE) COG 133 mimetic peptide in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-challenged Swiss mice and IEC-6 cell monolayers. Experiments were also conducted in C57BL6J ApoE knock-out mice to assess the effects of apoE peptide treatment. Methods Experimental groups were as follows: unchallenged controls, 5-FU-challenged mice (450 mg/kg, i.p) with or without the ApoE peptide (0.3, 1, and 3 μM, given twice daily i.p. for 4 days). Mice were sacrificed 3 days after 5-FU challenge. Proximal small intestinal samples were harvested for molecular biology and histological processing. We conducted ELISA assays and RT-PCR to target IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, iNOS, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) to assess intestinal inflammation. Cell death and NF-κB assays were also conducted in apoE knock-out mice. In our in vitro models, IEC-6 cells were exposed to 1 mM of 5-FU in glutamine free media with or without the ApoE peptide (0.02, 0.2, 2, 5, 10, and 20 μM). We investigated IEC-6 cell proliferation and migration, 24 h after the 5-FU challenge. Additionally, apoptotic IEC-6 cells were measured by Tunel and flow cytometry. Equimolar doses of the ApoA-I (D4-F) peptide were also used in some experiments for comparative studies. Results Villus blunting and heavy inflammatory infiltrates were seen in the 5-FU-challenged group, findings that were partially ameliorated by the ApoE peptide. We found increased intestinal MPO and pro-inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and TNF-α and iNOS transcripts, and reduction of IL-10 following 5-FU treatment, each of which were partially abrogated by the peptide. Improvements were also found in IEC-6 cell apoptosis and migration following ApoE and D-4F treatment. Conclusion Altogether, these findings suggest that the novel ApoE COG 133 mimetic peptide can reduce 5-FU-induced intestinal changes and potentially benefit mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orleâncio Gomes R Azevedo
- Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Carter Harrison Bldg MR-6, 625 Crispell Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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