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Grill JD, Kind A, Hoang D, Gillen DL. Diversifying Recruitment Registries: Considering Neighborhood Health Metrics. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:119-125. [PMID: 35098982 PMCID: PMC8903055 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in clinical research participation perpetuate broader health disparities. Recruitment registries are novel tools to address known challenges in accrual to clinical research. Registries may accelerate accrual, but the utility of these tools to improve generalizability is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the diversity of a local on-line recruitment registry using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a publicly available metric of neighborhood disadvantage. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Data were collected in the University of California Irvine Consent-to-Contact Registry. PARTICIPANTS We categorized N=2,837 registry participants based on the ADI decile (collapsed into quintiles) using a state-based rankings. MEASUREMENTS We examined the proportion of enrollees per ADI quintile and quantified the demographics of these groups. We assessed willingness to participate in studies involving unique research procedures among the ADI groups. RESULTS Although registry enrollees represented the full spectrum of the ADI, they disproportionately represented less disadvantaged neighborhoods (lowest to highest quintiles: 42%, 30%, 15%, 6%, 7%). Compared to participants from less disadvantaged neighborhoods, participants from more disadvantaged neighborhoods were more often female, of non-white race, and Hispanic ethnicity. Despite demographic differences, ADI groups were observed to have similar willingness to participate in research studies. CONCLUSIONS People from more disadvantaged neighborhoods may be underrepresented in recruitment registries, increasing the risk that they will be underrepresented when using these tools to facilitate prospective recruitment to clinical research. Once enrolled in registries, participants from more disadvantaged neighborhoods may be equally willing to participate in research. Efforts to increase representation of participants from disadvantaged neighborhoods in registries could be an important first step toward increasing the generalizability of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Grill
- Joshua Grill, PhD, 3204 Biological Sciences III, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697,USA, , t: (949) 824-5905, f: (949) 824-0885
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Falcomatà C, Bärthel S, Ulrich A, Diersch S, Veltkamp C, Rad L, Boniolo F, Solar M, Steiger K, Seidler B, Zukowska M, Madej J, Wang M, Öllinger R, Maresch R, Barenboim M, Eser S, Tschurtschenthaler M, Mehrabi A, Roessler S, Goeppert B, Kind A, Schnieke A, Robles MS, Bradley A, Schmid RM, Schmidt-Supprian M, Reichert M, Weichert W, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Rad R, Schneider G, Saur D. Genetic Screens Identify a Context-Specific PI3K/p27Kip1 Node Driving Extrahepatic Biliary Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:3158-3177. [PMID: 34282029 PMCID: PMC7612573 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer ranks among the most lethal human malignancies, representing an unmet clinical need. Its abysmal prognosis is tied to an increasing incidence and a fundamental lack of mechanistic knowledge regarding the molecular basis of the disease. Here, we show that the Pdx1-positive extrahepatic biliary epithelium is highly susceptible toward transformation by activated PIK3CAH1047R but refractory to oncogenic KrasG12D. Using genome-wide transposon screens and genetic loss-of-function experiments, we discover context-dependent genetic interactions that drive extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and show that PI3K signaling output strength and repression of the tumor suppressor p27Kip1 are critical context-specific determinants of tumor formation. This contrasts with the pancreas, where oncogenic Kras in concert with p53 loss is a key cancer driver. Notably, inactivation of p27Kip1 permits KrasG12D-driven ECC development. These studies provide a mechanistic link between PI3K signaling, tissue-specific tumor suppressor barriers, and ECC pathogenesis, and present a novel genetic model of autochthonous ECC and genes driving this highly lethal tumor subtype. SIGNIFICANCE We used the first genetically engineered mouse model for extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma to identify cancer genes by genome-wide transposon-based mutagenesis screening. Thereby, we show that PI3K signaling output strength and p27Kip1 function are critical determinants for context-specific ECC formation. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falcomatà
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bärthel
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Ulrich
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Diersch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Veltkamp
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Rad
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Boniolo
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Myriam Solar
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Seidler
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zukowska
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joanna Madej
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Maresch
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Barenboim
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Eser
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of Surgery, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Kind
- Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria S. Robles
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Flisikowski K, Perleberg C, Niu G, Winogrodzki T, Bak A, Liang W, Grodziecki A, Zhang Y, Pausch H, Flisikowska T, Klinger B, Perkowska A, Kind A, Switonski M, Janssen KP, Saur D, Schnieke A. Wild-type APC Influences the Severity of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:669-671.e3. [PMID: 34774804 PMCID: PMC8777002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Perleberg
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany; Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guanglin Niu
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Winogrodzki
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Agnieszka Bak
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Wei Liang
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Alessandro Grodziecki
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Yue Zhang
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | | | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Bernhard Klinger
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Anna Perkowska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alexander Kind
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Frumkin D, Pietron M, Kind A, Leistner D, Krackhardt F, Laule M, Brand A, Knebel F, Lembcke A, Landmesser U, Stangl K, Dreger H. Long-term morphological appearance of transcatheter valves left in the ascending aorta after valve dislocation during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transcatheter valve embolization and migration (TVEM) is a potential complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (1). Registries suggest low incidence but clinical relevance due to increased acute and mid-term mortality with the majority embolizing in the aorta. However, there is little data on potential late complications such as leaflet and stent thrombosis or aortic wall alterations by migrated valves.
Purpose
The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence and clinical characteristics of TVEM in a large single center cohort of TAVI patients and to examine dislocated valves by ECG-gated computed tomography (CT).
Methods and results
Between July 2009 and May 2020, 40 TVEM occurred in 3387 TAVI procedures performed in our center (1.18%). TVEM was defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) criteria (3). Majority of TVEM were left in the ascending aorta (31 ascending, 3 arch, 1 descending aorta). 90% of TVEM occurred with a self-expanding valve (SEV), with no difference between older and newer valve generations, 10% with a ballon-expandable valve. Analyzing a TAVI sample cohort (n=200), horizontal aorta (p<0.001, OR 11.7, 95% CI: [3.9:34.8]), defined as aortic angulation >48°(4), as well as the use of SEV (p<0.001, OR 12.8, 95% CI: [3.1:53.9]) were identified as a predisposing risk factor for TVEM. OR in SEV was severely increased when isolating the analysis for patients with horizontal aorta only (p=0.003, OR 23.75, 95% CI: [2.8:129]). No other predisposing risk factors were identified in this cohort. Out of 35 patients still alive, 6 patients were willing to participate in our imaging sub-study. CT exams were performed on average 47 months after TAVI (IQR 50 months [25%Q: 16.8, 75%Q: 72.8]). We detected no leaflet or stent thrombosis, yet CT identified pin protrusions in the aorta in 3 out of 6 patients.
Conclusions
TVEM is a rare complication of TAVI. TVEM was significantly associated to the use of self-expanding valves and the presence of horizontal aorta. CT did detect pin protrusions in several cases which could bear the possible risk of perforation but showed no signs of long-term damage.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Representative CT images after TVEM
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Affiliation(s)
- D Frumkin
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Pietron
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kind
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - D Leistner
- Charite - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Krackhardt
- Charite - Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Laule
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - A Brand
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - F Knebel
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lembcke
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - U Landmesser
- Charite - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Stangl
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - H Dreger
- Charite - Campus Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
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Dutta R, Mandal S, Lin HCA, Raz T, Kind A, Schnieke A, Razansky D. Brilliant cresyl blue enhanced optoacoustic imaging enables non-destructive imaging of mammalian ovarian follicles for artificial reproduction. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200776. [PMID: 33143591 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of reproductive biology, there is a strong need for a suitable tool capable of non-destructive evaluation of oocyte viability and function. We studied the application of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) as an intra-vital exogenous contrast agent using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) for visualization of porcine ovarian follicles. The technique provided excellent molecular sensitivity, enabling the selection of competent oocytes without disrupting the follicles. We further conducted in vitro embryo culture, molecular analysis (real-time and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) and DNA fragmentation analysis to comprehensively establish the safety of BCB-enhanced MSOT imaging in monitoring oocyte viability. Overall, the experimental results suggest that the method offers a significant advance in the use of contrast agents and molecular imaging for reproductive studies. Our technique improves the accurate prediction of ovarian reserve significantly and, once standardized for in vivo imaging, could provide an effective tool for clinical infertility management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dutta
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Subhamoy Mandal
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Hsiao-Chun Amy Lin
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,iThera Medical GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Tal Raz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Recent decades have seen groundbreaking advances in cancer research. Genetically engineered animal models, mainly in mice, have contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in cancer. However, mice are not ideal for translating basic research into studies closer to the clinic. There is a need for complementary information provided by non-rodent species. Pigs are well suited for translational biomedical research as they share many similarities with humans such as body and organ size, aspects of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and can provide valuable means of developing and testing novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Porcine oncology is a new field, but it is clear that replication of key oncogenic mutation in pigs can usefully mimic several human cancers. This review briefly outlines the technology used to generate genetically modified pigs, provides an overview of existing cancer models, their applications and how the field may develop in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.K.); (A.K.)
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Fischer K, Rieblinger B, Hein R, Sfriso R, Zuber J, Fischer A, Klinger B, Liang W, Flisikowski K, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Kessler B, Wolf E, Rieben R, Schwinzer R, Kind A, Schnieke A. Viable pigs after simultaneous inactivation of porcine MHC class I and three xenoreactive antigen genes GGTA1, CMAH and B4GALNT2. Xenotransplantation 2019; 27:e12560. [PMID: 31591751 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell surface carbohydrate antigens play a major role in the rejection of porcine xenografts. The most important for human recipients are α-1,3 Gal (Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) causing hyperacute rejection, also Neu5Gc (N-glycolylneuraminic acid) and Sd(a) blood group antigens both of which are likely to elicit acute vascular rejection given the known human immune status. Porcine cells with knockouts of the three genes responsible, GGTA1, CMAH and B4GALNT2, revealed minimal xenoreactive antibody binding after incubation with human serum. However, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies cross-reacted with swine leucocyte antigen class I (SLA-I). We previously demonstrated efficient generation of pigs with multiple xeno-transgenes placed at a single genomic locus. Here we wished to assess whether key xenoreactive antigen genes can be simultaneously inactivated and if combination with the multi-transgenic background further reduces antibody deposition and complement activation. METHODS Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer were used to generate pigs carrying functional knockouts of GGTA1, CMAH, B4GALNT2 and SLA class I. Fibroblasts derived from one- to four-fold knockout animals, and from multi-transgenic cells (human CD46, CD55, CD59, HO1 and A20) with the four-fold knockout were used to examine the effects on human IgG and IgM binding or complement activation in vitro. RESULTS Pigs were generated carrying four-fold knockouts of important xenoreactive genes. In vitro assays revealed that combination of all four gene knockouts reduced human IgG and IgM binding to porcine kidney cells more effectively than single or double knockouts. The multi-transgenic background combined with GGTA1 knockout alone reduced C3b/c and C4b/c complement activation to such an extent that further knockouts had no significant additional effect. CONCLUSION We showed that pigs carrying several xenoprotective transgenes and knockouts of xenoreactive antigens can be readily generated and these modifications will have significant effects on xenograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Beate Rieblinger
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Rabea Hein
- Transplantationslabor, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Riccardo Sfriso
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Zuber
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Klinger
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Wei Liang
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Schwinzer
- Transplantationslabor, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Perkowska A, Flisikowska T, Perleberg C, Flisikowski K, Stachowiak M, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Saur D, Kind A, Schnieke A, Switonski M. The expression of TAP1 candidate gene, but not its polymorphism and methylation, is associated with colonic polyp formation in a porcine model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:306-313. [PMID: 30950765 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1590377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the dysfunction of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene causes hereditary familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The severity of polyposis varies between individuals, but genetic basis for this is in large part unknown. This variability also occurs in our porcine model of FAP, based on an APC1311 mutation (orthologous to human APC1309). Since loss of TAP1 function can lead to CRC in humans, we searched for germline polymorphisms in APC1311/+ pigs with low (LP) and high (HP) levels of polyposis, as well as in wild-type pigs representing six breeds and a commercial line. The distribution of 40 identified polymorphic variants was similar in the LP and HP pigs. In contrast, the TAP1 transcript level was significantly higher in normal colon mucosa of HP pigs than in LP pigs. Moreover, six SNPs showed significant effects on TAP1 promoter activity, but no correlation with severity of polyposis was observed. Analysis of DNA methylation in the promoter region showed that one CpG site differed significantly between LP and HP pigs. We conclude that TAP1 genotype may not itself be associated with polyposis, but our findings concerning its expression suggest a role in the development of polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Perkowska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Carolin Perleberg
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Monika Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dieter Saur
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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9
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Längin M, Mayr T, Reichart B, Michel S, Buchholz S, Guethoff S, Dashkevich A, Baehr A, Egerer S, Bauer A, Mihalj M, Panelli A, Issl L, Ying J, Fresch AK, Buttgereit I, Mokelke M, Radan J, Werner F, Lutzmann I, Steen S, Sjöberg T, Paskevicius A, Qiuming L, Sfriso R, Rieben R, Dahlhoff M, Kessler B, Kemter E, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Klett K, Hinkel R, Kupatt C, Falkenau A, Reu S, Ellgass R, Herzog R, Binder U, Wich G, Skerra A, Ayares D, Kind A, Schönmann U, Kaup FJ, Hagl C, Wolf E, Klymiuk N, Brenner P, Abicht JM. Author Correction: Consistent success in life-supporting porcine cardiac xenotransplantation. Nature 2019; 568:E7. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Längin M, Mayr T, Reichart B, Michel S, Buchholz S, Guethoff S, Dashkevich A, Baehr A, Egerer S, Bauer A, Mihalj M, Panelli A, Issl L, Ying J, Fresch AK, Buttgereit I, Mokelke M, Radan J, Werner F, Lutzmann I, Steen S, Sjöberg T, Paskevicius A, Qiuming L, Sfriso R, Rieben R, Dahlhoff M, Kessler B, Kemter E, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Klett K, Hinkel R, Kupatt C, Falkenau A, Reu S, Ellgass R, Herzog R, Binder U, Wich G, Skerra A, Ayares D, Kind A, Schönmann U, Kaup FJ, Hagl C, Wolf E, Klymiuk N, Brenner P, Abicht JM. Consistent success in life-supporting porcine cardiac xenotransplantation. Nature 2018; 564:430-433. [PMID: 30518863 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart transplantation is the only cure for patients with terminal cardiac failure, but the supply of allogeneic donor organs falls far short of the clinical need1-3. Xenotransplantation of genetically modified pig hearts has been discussed as a potential alternative4. Genetically multi-modified pig hearts that lack galactose-α1,3-galactose epitopes (α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout) and express a human membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and human thrombomodulin have survived for up to 945 days after heterotopic abdominal transplantation in baboons5. This model demonstrated long-term acceptance of discordant xenografts with safe immunosuppression but did not predict their life-supporting function. Despite 25 years of extensive research, the maximum survival of a baboon after heart replacement with a porcine xenograft was only 57 days and this was achieved, to our knowledge, only once6. Here we show that α1,3-galactosyltransferase-knockout pig hearts that express human CD46 and thrombomodulin require non-ischaemic preservation with continuous perfusion and control of post-transplantation growth to ensure long-term orthotopic function of the xenograft in baboons, the most stringent preclinical xenotransplantation model. Consistent life-supporting function of xenografted hearts for up to 195 days is a milestone on the way to clinical cardiac xenotransplantation7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Michel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Buchholz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Guethoff
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexey Dashkevich
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Baehr
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Egerer
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maks Mihalj
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Panelli
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Issl
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiawei Ying
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ann Kathrin Fresch
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ines Buttgereit
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Mokelke
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Radan
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Werner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Lutzmann
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stig Steen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Trygve Sjöberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Audrius Paskevicius
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Liao Qiuming
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Sfriso
- Department for BioMedical Research (DMBR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DMBR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Klett
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Almuth Falkenau
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Reu
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ellgass
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Herzog
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Arne Skerra
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Brenner
- Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Transregional Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Fischer K, Kind A, Schnieke A. Assembling multiple xenoprotective transgenes in pigs. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12431. [PMID: 30055014 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a brief overview of the genetic modifications necessary for grafted porcine tissues and organs to overcome rejection in human recipients. It then focuses on the problem of generating and breeding herds of donor pigs carrying modified endogenous genes and multiple xenoprotective transgenes. A xenodonor pig optimised for human clinical use could well require the addition of ten or more xenoprotective transgenes. It is impractical to produce the required combination of transgene by cross-breeding animals bearing individual transgenes at unlinked genetic loci, because independent segregation means that huge numbers of pigs would be required to produce relatively few donor animals. A better approach is to colocate groups of transgenes at a single genomic locus. We outline current methods to assemble transgene arrays and consider their pros and cons. These include polycistronic expression systems, in vitro recombination of large DNA fragments in PAC and BAC vectors, transposon vectors, classical gene targeting by homologous recombination at permissive loci such as ROSA26, targeted transgene placement aided by gene editing systems such as CRISPR/Cas9, and transgene placement by site-specific recombination such as Min-tagging using the Bxb1recombinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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12
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Längin M, Panelli A, Reichart B, Kind A, Brenner P, Mayr T, Abicht JM. Perioperative Telemetric Monitoring in Pig-to-Baboon Heterotopic Thoracic Cardiac Xenotransplantation. Ann Transplant 2018; 23:491-499. [PMID: 30026460 PMCID: PMC6248073 DOI: 10.12659/aot.909522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perioperative monitoring and hemodynamic management after heterotopic thoracic cardiac xenotransplantation is challenging due to 2 independently beating hearts. Telemetry allows continuous monitoring of hemodynamic parameters of both the donor and recipient hearts. We describe our experience and report on the validity of a telemetric system during and after surgery. Material/Methods Wireless telemetry transmitters were implanted in 3 baboons receiving porcine donor hearts. Left ventricular pressure and ECG were assessed from the donor heart, whereas aortic pressure and temperature were assessed from the recipient. Telemetric data were validated with invasive blood pressure measurements. Results Telemetric blood pressure was lower than invasive blood pressure. Intraoperatively, the probe in the graft’s left ventricle measured negative end-diastolic pressures. Telemetry allowed simple discrimination between donor’s and recipient’s heart rates. Body temperature was underestimated by telemetry. Telemetric monitoring facilitates recognition of graft arrhythmias and volume demand. Conclusions In heterotopic thoracic cardiac xenotransplantation, telemetric implants are useful tools to continuously monitor the animals’ hemodynamic parameters and to discriminate donor and recipient organs. Accuracy is sufficient for systemic pressure measurement, but perioperative use of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure as a surrogate parameter for graft function is not advisable. Temperature measurements by telemetry do not reflect body core temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Panelli
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Brenner
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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13
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Abicht JM, Sfriso R, Reichart B, Längin M, Gahle K, Puga Yung GL, Seebach JD, Rieben R, Ayares D, Wolf E, Klymiuk N, Baehr A, Kind A, Mayr T, Bauer A. Multiple genetically modified GTKO/hCD46/HLA-E/hβ2−mg porcine hearts are protected from complement activation and natural killer cell infiltration during ex vivo perfusion with human blood. Xenotransplantation 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Riccardo Sfriso
- Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Katja Gahle
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Gisella L. Puga Yung
- Division of Immunology and Allergology; University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jörg D. Seebach
- Division of Immunology and Allergology; University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Eckhard Wolf
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Andrea Baehr
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Tanja Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
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14
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Rieblinger B, Fischer K, Kind A, Saller BS, Baars W, Schuster M, Wolf-van Buerck L, Schäffler A, Flisikowska T, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Kessler B, Flisikowski K, Wolf E, Seissler J, Schwinzer R, Schnieke A. Strong xenoprotective function by single-copy transgenes placed sequentially at a permissive locus. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12382. [PMID: 29359453 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple xenoprotective transgenes are best grouped at a single locus to avoid segregation during breeding and simplify production of donor animals. METHODS We used transgene stacking to place a human CD55 transgene adjacent to a human heme oxygenase 1 construct at the porcine ROSA26 locus. A transgenic pig was analyzed by PCR, RT-PCR, droplet digital PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Resistance to complement-mediated cell lysis and caspase 3/7 activation were determined in vitro. RESULTS The ROSA26 locus was retargeted efficiently, and animals were generated by nuclear transfer. RNA and protein analyses revealed abundant expression in all organs analyzed, including pancreatic beta cells. Transgenic porcine kidney fibroblasts were almost completely protected against complement-mediated lysis and showed reduced caspase 3/7 activation. CONCLUSION Step-by-step placement enables highly expressed single-copy xenoprotective transgenes to be grouped at porcine ROSA26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Rieblinger
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Konrad Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Benedikt S Saller
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Wiebke Baars
- Transplant Laboratory, Department for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Schuster
- Medizinische Klinik and Polyklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lelia Wolf-van Buerck
- Medizinische Klinik and Polyklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schäffler
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik and Polyklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schwinzer
- Transplant Laboratory, Department for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Abstract
Genetically modified animals are vital for gaining a proper understanding of disease mechanisms. Mice have long been the mainstay of basic research into a wide variety of diseases but are not always the most suitable means of translating basic knowledge into clinical application. The shortcomings of rodent preclinical studies are widely recognised, and regulatory agencies around the world now require preclinical trial data from nonrodent species. Pigs are well suited to biomedical research, sharing many similarities with humans, including body size, anatomical features, physiology and pathophysiology, and they already play an important role in translational studies. This role is set to increase as advanced genetic techniques simplify the generation of pigs with precisely tailored modifications designed to replicate lesions responsible for human disease. This article provides an overview of the most promising and clinically relevant genetically modified porcine models of human disease for translational biomedical research, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We briefly summarise the technologies involved and consider the future impact of recent technical advances. Summary: An overview of porcine models of human disease, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We summarise the technologies involved and potential future impact of recent technical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Perleberg
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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16
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Stachowiak M, Flisikowska T, Bauersachs S, Perleberg C, Pausch H, Switonski M, Kind A, Saur D, Schnieke A, Flisikowski K. Altered microRNA profiles during early colon adenoma progression in a porcine model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96154-96160. [PMID: 29221194 PMCID: PMC5707088 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are dysregulated in various cancers including colorectal cancer, and are potential useful biomarkers of disease development. We used next generation sequencing to investigate miRNA expression profiles in low- and high-grade intraepithelial dysplastic polyps from pigs carrying a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli tumour suppressor (APC1311 , orthologous to human APC1309 ) that model an inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis. We identified several miRNAs and their isomiRs significantly (P < 0.05) differentially expressed between low and high-grade intraepithelial dysplastic polyps. Of these, ssc-let-7e, ssc-miR-98, ssc-miR-146a-5p, ssc-miR-146b, ssc-miR-183 and ssc-miR-196a were expressed at higher level and ssc-miR-126-3p at lower level in high-grade intraepithelial dysplastic polyps. Functional miRNA target analysis revealed significant (P < 0.001) over-representation of cancer-related pathways, including 'microRNAs in cancer', 'proteoglycans in cancer', 'pathways in cancer' and 'colorectal cancer'. This is the first study to reveal miRNAs associated with premalignant transformation of colon polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Physiology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Current address: University of Zurich, Clinic for Animal Reproduction Medicine, Genetics and Functional Genomics Group, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Perleberg
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hubert Pausch
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Xu H, Pausch H, Venhoranta H, Rutkowska K, Wurmser C, Rieblinger B, Flisikowska T, Frishman D, Zwierzchowski L, Fries R, Andersson M, Kind A, Schnieke A, Flisikowski K. Maternal placenta modulates a deleterious fetal mutation†. Biol Reprod 2017; 97:249-257. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Mayr T, Bauer A, Reichart B, Guethoff S, Schoenmann U, Längin M, Panelli A, Kind A, Brenner P, Abicht JM. Hemodynamic and perioperative management in two different preclinical pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplantation models. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Sonja Guethoff
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | | | - Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Alessandro Panelli
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Paolo Brenner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
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Abicht JM, Kourtzelis I, Reichart B, Koutsogiannaki S, Primikyri A, Lambris JD, Chavakis T, Holdt L, Kind A, Guethoff S, Mayr T. Complement C3 inhibitor Cp40 attenuates xenoreactions in pig hearts perfused with human blood. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24:10.1111/xen.12262. [PMID: 27677785 PMCID: PMC5358808 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system plays a crucial role in acute xenogeneic reactions after cardiac transplantation. We used an ex vivo perfusion model to investigate the effect of Cp40, a compstatin analog and potent inhibitor of complement at the level of C3. METHODS Fifteen wild-type pig hearts were explanted, cardiopleged, and reperfused ex vivo after 150 minutes of cold ischemia. Hearts were challenged in a biventricular working heart mode to evaluate cardiac perfusion and function. In the treatment group (n=5), the complement cascade was blocked at the level of C3 using Cp40, using diluted human blood. Untreated human and porcine blood was used for controls. RESULTS Throughout the perfusion, C3 activation was inhibited when Cp40 was used (mean of all time points: 1.11 ± 0.34% vs 3.12 ± 0.48% control activation; P<.01). Compared to xenoperfused controls, the cardiac index improved significantly in the treated group (6.5 ± 4.2 vs 3.5 ± 4.8 mL/min/g; P=.03, 180 minutes perfusion), while the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase as a maker for cell degradation was reduced in the perfusate (583 ± 187 U/mL vs 2108 ± 1145 U/mL, P=.02). Histological examination revealed less hemorrhage and edema, and immunohistochemistry confirmed less complement fragment deposition than in untreated xenoperfused controls. CONCLUSIONS Cp40 efficiently prevents C3 activation of the complement system, resulting in reduced cell damage and preserved function in wild-type porcine hearts xenoperfused ex vivo. We suggest that this compstatin analog, which blocks all main pathways of complement activation, could be a beneficial perioperative treatment in preclinical and in future clinical xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Walter-Brendel-Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Alexandra Primikyri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Lesca Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine of Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Guethoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Lin HCA, Dutta R, Mandal S, Kind A, Schnieke A, Razansky D. Advancing ovarian folliculometry with selective plane illumination microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38057. [PMID: 27905503 PMCID: PMC5131314 DOI: 10.1038/srep38057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of ovarian status and follicle monitoring are common methods of diagnosing female infertility. We evaluated the suitability of selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) for the study of ovarian follicles. The large field of view and fast acquisition speed of our SPIM system enables rendering of volumetric image stacks from intact whole porcine ovarian follicles, clearly visualizing follicular features including follicle volume and average diameter (70 μm-2.5 mm), their spherical asymmetry parameters, size of developing cumulus oophorus complexes (40 μm-110 μm), and follicular wall thickness (90 μm-120 μm). Follicles at all developmental stages were identified. A distribution of the theca thickness was measured for each follicle, and a relationship between these distributions and the stages of follicular development was discerned. The ability of the system to non-destructively generate sub-cellular resolution 3D images of developing follicles, with excellent image contrast and high throughput capacity compared to conventional histology, suggests that it can be used to monitor follicular development and identify structural abnormalities indicative of ovarian ailments. Accurate folliculometric measurements provided by SPIM images can immensely help the understanding of ovarian physiology and provide important information for the proper management of ovarian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chun Amy Lin
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rahul Dutta
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Subhamoy Mandal
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Begovic H, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Kind A. Improving colposcopy standards by applying the quality indicators from the European Federation of Colposcopy. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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22
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Flisikowska T, Wander C, Wagner A, Bruening F, Kind A, Flisikowski K, Schnieke A, Wurmser C, Fries R, Stachowiak M, Perkowska A, Switonski M, Bauersachs S, Saur D. P7009 Precancerous molecular features committing development of colonic polyps revealed by studies on the porcine model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4179b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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24
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Saalfrank A, Janssen KP, Ravon M, Flisikowski K, Eser S, Steiger K, Flisikowska T, Müller-Fliedner P, Schulze É, Brönner C, Gnann A, Kappe E, Böhm B, Schade B, Certa U, Saur D, Esposito I, Kind A, Schnieke A. A porcine model of osteosarcoma. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e210. [PMID: 26974205 PMCID: PMC4815050 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously produced pigs with a latent oncogenic TP53 mutation. Humans with TP53 germline mutations are predisposed to a wide spectrum of early-onset cancers, predominantly breast, brain, adrenal gland cancer, soft tissue sarcomas and osteosarcomas. Loss of p53 function has been observed in >50% of human cancers. Here we demonstrate that porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) convert to a transformed phenotype after activation of latent oncogenic TP53R167H and KRASG12D, and overexpression of MYC promotes tumorigenesis. The process mimics key molecular aspects of human sarcomagenesis. Transformed porcine MSCs exhibit genomic instability, with complex karyotypes, and develop into sarcomas on transplantation into immune-deficient mice. In pigs, heterozygous knockout of TP53 was sufficient for spontaneous osteosarcoma development in older animals, whereas homozygous TP53 knockout resulted in multiple large osteosarcomas in 7–8-month-old animals. This is the first report that engineered mutation of an endogenous tumour-suppressor gene leads to invasive cancer in pigs. Unlike in Trp53 mutant mice, osteosarcoma developed in the long bones and skull, closely recapitulating the human disease. These animals thus promise a model for juvenile osteosarcoma, a relatively uncommon but devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saalfrank
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - K-P Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ravon
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - S Eser
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K Steiger
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - P Müller-Fliedner
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - É Schulze
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - C Brönner
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - A Gnann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Kappe
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - B Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - B Schade
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - U Certa
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Saur
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - I Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - A Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Abicht JM, Mayr TA, Reichart B, Plotzki E, Güthoff S, Falkenau A, Kind A, Denner J. Hepatic Failure After Pig Heart Transplantation Into a Baboon: No Involvement of Porcine Hepatitis E Virus. Ann Transplant 2016; 21:12-16. [PMID: 26739324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After transplantation of pig hearts into baboons, a particularly high increase of liver parameters was observed in 1 animal. To evaluate whether porcine hepatitis E virus (HEV) was involved in the pathological changes, the donor pig and the recipient baboon were screened for the presence of HEV. MATERIAL AND METHODS Screening for HEV was performed using highly sensitive and specific PCR methods as well as immunological screening for HEV-specific antibodies. RESULTS HEV was not detected in the donor pig or the baboon recipient. At necropsy, histopathological examination of liver sections showed acute coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes and hemorrhage, but minimal inflammatory cell activity. CONCLUSIONS The liver failure observed in the recipient animal was not due to transmission of porcine HEV. Liver failure could have been caused by the onset of cardiac failure related to delayed transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja A Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Plotzki
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Güthoff
- Department of HIV and Other Retroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Almuth Falkenau
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Denner
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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26
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Abicht J, Mayr T, Reichart B, Buchholz S, Werner F, Lutzmann I, Schmoeckel M, Bauer A, Thormann M, Langenmayer M, Herbach N, Pohla H, Herzog R, McGregor CGA, Ayares D, Wolf E, Klymiuk N, Baehr A, Kind A, Hagl C, Ganswindt U, Belka C, Guethoff S, Brenner P. Pre‐clinical heterotopic intrathoracic heart xenotransplantation: a possibly useful clinical technique. Xenotransplantation 2015; 22:427-42. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich Germany
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127 Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Tanja Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich Germany
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127 Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127 Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Buchholz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Fabian Werner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Isabelle Lutzmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Michael Schmoeckel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Asklepios Klinik St Georg Hamburg Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Michael Thormann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Martin Langenmayer
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Nadja Herbach
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Heike Pohla
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory LIFE Center Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Rudolf Herzog
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127 Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | | | | | - Eckhard Wolf
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Andrea Baehr
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Germany
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Radiation Oncology Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Sonja Guethoff
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127 Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Paolo Brenner
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127 Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
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27
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Flisikowski K, Flisikowska T, Sikorska A, Perkowska A, Kind A, Schnieke A, Switonski M. Germline gene polymorphisms predisposing domestic mammals to carcinogenesis. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:289-298. [PMID: 26575426 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease caused in part by predisposing germline gene polymorphisms. Knowledge of carcinogenesis in companion mammals (dog and cat) and some livestock species (pig and horse) is quite advanced. The prevalence of certain cancers varies by breed in these species, suggesting the presence of predisposing genetic variants in susceptible breeds. This review summarizes the present understanding of germline gene polymorphisms, including BRCA1, BRCA2, MC1R, KIT, NRAS and RAD51, associated with predisposition to melanoma, mammary cancer, osteosarcoma and histiocytic sarcoma in dogs, cats, pigs and horses. The predisposing variants in these species are discussed in the context of human germline gene polymorphisms associated with the same types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - T Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - A Sikorska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Perkowska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - A Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - M Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Li S, Pausch H, Venhoranta H, Adamowicz K, Andersson M, Zwierzchowski L, Kind A, Schnieke A, Flisikowski K. PEG3 domain gene expression in maternal and foetal placenta in intrauterine growth restricted bovine foetuses. Anim Genet 2015; 47:106-9. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie der Nutztiere; Technische Universität München; Liesel-Beckmannstr. 1 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Hubert Pausch
- Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht; Technische Universität München; Liesel-Beckmannstr. 1 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Heli Venhoranta
- Department of Production Animal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Helsinki; Paroninkuja 20 04920 Saarentaus Finland
| | - Krzysztof Adamowicz
- Chair of Forest Economics; Poznan University of Life Science; ul. Wojska Polskiego 71 C 60-625 Poznan Poland
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department of Production Animal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Helsinki; Paroninkuja 20 04920 Saarentaus Finland
| | - Lech Zwierzchowski
- Department of Molecular Biology; Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Polish Academy of Sciences; ul. Postepu 36A Jastrzebiec 05-552 Magdalenka Poland
| | - Alexander Kind
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie der Nutztiere; Technische Universität München; Liesel-Beckmannstr. 1 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie der Nutztiere; Technische Universität München; Liesel-Beckmannstr. 1 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie der Nutztiere; Technische Universität München; Liesel-Beckmannstr. 1 85354 Freising Germany
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29
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Wander C, Flisikowska T, Saalfrank A, Schulze E, Flisikowski K, Wolf E, Dieter S, Kind A, Schnieke A. 107 The pig as a model for human cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(15)30003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li S, Edlinger M, Saalfrank A, Flisikowski K, Tschukes A, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Kessler B, Saur D, Kind A, Wolf E, Schnieke A, Flisikowska T. Viable pigs with a conditionally-activated oncogenic KRAS mutation. Transgenic Res 2015; 24:509-17. [PMID: 25716163 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations of KRAS play a major role in human carcinogenesis. Here we describe viable gene-targeted pigs carrying a latent KRAS (G12D) mutant allele that can be activated by Cre recombination. These have been produced as part of a program to model human cancers in pigs by replicating genetic lesions known to initiate and drive human disease. Cre-activated KRAS (G12D) animals add to a growing set of gene-targeted pigs that includes a Cre-activated oncogenic mutant TP53, a Cre-responsive dual fluorescent reporter and two truncating mutations of APC (adenomatous polyposis coli). These alleles can be combined and activated in various tissues to produce new models for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Reichart B, Guethoff S, Brenner P, Poettinger T, Wolf E, Ludwig B, Kind A, Mayr T, Abicht JM. Xenotransplantation of Cells, Tissues, Organs and the German Research Foundation Transregio Collaborative Research Centre 127. Adv Exp Med Biol 2015; 865:143-55. [PMID: 26306448 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18603-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human organ transplantation is the therapy of choice for end-stage organ failure. However, the demand for organs far exceeds the donation rate, and many patients die while waiting for a donor. Clinical xenotransplantation using discordant species, particularly pigs, offers a possible solution to this critical shortfall. Xenotransplantation can also increase the availability of cells, such as neurons, and tissues such as cornea, insulin producing pancreatic islets and heart valves. However, the immunological barriers and biochemical disparities between pigs and primates (human) lead to rejection reactions despite the use of common immunosuppressive drugs. These result in graft vessel destruction, haemorrhage, oedema, thrombus formation, and transplant loss. Our consortium is pursuing a broad range of strategies to overcome these obstacles. These include genetic modification of the donor animals to knock out genes responsible for xenoreactive surface epitopes and to express multiple xenoprotective molecules such as the human complement regulators CD46, 55, 59, thrombomodulin and others. We are using (new) drugs including complement inhibitors (e.g. to inhibit C3 binding), anti-CD20, 40, 40L, and also employing physical protection methods such as macro-encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Regarding safety, a major objective is to assure that possible infections are not transmitted to recipients. While the aims are ambitious, recent successes in preclinical studies suggest that xenotransplantation is soon to become a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Reichart
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany,
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Schönhuber N, Seidler B, Schuck K, Veltkamp C, Schachtler C, Zukowska M, Eser S, Feyerabend TB, Paul MC, Eser P, Klein S, Lowy AM, Banerjee R, Yang F, Lee CL, Moding EJ, Kirsch DG, Scheideler A, Alessi DR, Varela I, Bradley A, Kind A, Schnieke AE, Rodewald HR, Rad R, Schmid RM, Schneider G, Saur D. A next-generation dual-recombinase system for time- and host-specific targeting of pancreatic cancer. Nat Med 2014; 20:1340-1347. [PMID: 25326799 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have dramatically improved our understanding of tumor evolution and therapeutic resistance. However, sequential genetic manipulation of gene expression and targeting of the host is almost impossible using conventional Cre-loxP-based models. We have developed an inducible dual-recombinase system by combining flippase-FRT (Flp-FRT) and Cre-loxP recombination technologies to improve GEMMs of pancreatic cancer. This enables investigation of multistep carcinogenesis, genetic manipulation of tumor subpopulations (such as cancer stem cells), selective targeting of the tumor microenvironment and genetic validation of therapeutic targets in autochthonous tumors on a genome-wide scale. As a proof of concept, we performed tumor cell-autonomous and nonautonomous targeting, recapitulated hallmarks of human multistep carcinogenesis, validated genetic therapy by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase inactivation as well as cancer cell depletion and show that mast cells in the tumor microenvironment, which had been thought to be key oncogenic players, are dispensable for tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schönhuber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Barbara Seidler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schuck
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christian Veltkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christina Schachtler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zukowska
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Stefan Eser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Thorsten B Feyerabend
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division for Cellular Immunology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariel C Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Philipp Eser
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Moores Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ruby Banerjee
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fangtang Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Everett J Moding
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angelika Scheideler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dario R Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (CSIC-UC-Sodercan), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Kind
- Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division for Cellular Immunology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Venhoranta H, Pausch H, Flisikowski K, Wurmser C, Taponen J, Rautala H, Kind A, Schnieke A, Fries R, Lohi H, Andersson M. In frame exon skipping in UBE3B is associated with developmental disorders and increased mortality in cattle. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:890. [PMID: 25306138 PMCID: PMC4203880 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited developmental diseases can cause severe animal welfare and economic problems in dairy cattle. The use of a small number of bulls for artificial insemination (AI) carries a risk that recessive defects rapidly enrich in the population. In recent years, an increasing number of Finnish Ayrshire calves have been identified with signs of ptosis, intellectual disability, retarded growth and mortality, which constitute an inherited disorder classified as PIRM syndrome. Results We established a cohort of nine PIRM-affected calves and 38 unaffected half-siblings and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to map the disease to a 700-kb region on bovine chromosome 17 (p = 1.55 × 10-9). Whole genome re-sequencing of an unaffected carrier, its affected progeny and 43 other unaffected animals from another breed identified a G > A substitution mutation at the last nucleotide of exon 23 in the ubiquitin protein ligase E3B encoding gene (UBE3B). UBE3B transcript analysis revealed in-frame exon skipping in the affected animals resulting in an altered protein lacking 40 amino acids, of which 20 are located in the conserved HECT-domain, the catalytic site of the UBE3B protein. Mutation screening in 129 Ayrshire AI bulls currently used in Finland indicated a high carrier frequency (17.1%). We also found that PIRM syndrome might be connected to the recently identified AH1 haplotype, which has a frequency of 26.1% in the United States Ayrshire population. Conclusion We describe PIRM syndrome in cattle, which is associated with the mutated UBE3B gene. The bovine phenotype resembles human Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome, which is also caused by mutations in UBE3B. PIRM syndrome might be connected with the recently identified AH1 haplotype, which is associated with reduced fertility in the US Ayrshire population. This study enables the development of a genetic test to efficiently reduce the high frequency of mutant UBE3B in Ayrshires, significantly improving animal health and reducing economic loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-890) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Venhoranta
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920 Saarentaus, Finland.
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Saner F, Gobrecht-Keller U, Osterwalder A, Scharfe M, Kind A, Hösli I. Analyse der Sectiorate 2013 am Universitätsspital Basel anhand der Robsonkriterien und deren Zusammenhang zum kindlichen Outcome. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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35
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Venhoranta H, Li S, Salamon S, Flisikowska T, Andersson M, Switonski M, Kind A, Schnieke A, Flisikowski K. Non-CpG hypermethylation in placenta of mutation-induced intrauterine growth restricted bovine foetuses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:391-4. [PMID: 24480436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The existence of non-CpG methylation in mammalian DNA has mainly been observed in embryonic stem cells, but its functional significance is uncertain. We found an age-dependent non-CpG hypermethylation in DMR at the 3' end of the MIMT1 in the placenta of intrauterine growth restricted foetuses in cattle. Data suggest that this DMR play a role in epigenetic regulation of the PEG3 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Venhoranta
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - Shun Li
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Sylwia Salamon
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
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Venhoranta H, Bauersachs S, Taponen J, Lohi H, Taira T, Andersson M, Kind A, Schnieke A, Flisikowski K. Fetal growth restriction caused by MIMT1 deletion alters brain transcriptome in cattle. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:463-7. [PMID: 23726833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined levels of gene expression in the brains of bovine fetuses carrying a truncated MIMT1 allele, MIMT1(Del), shown to cause late abortion and stillbirth as a result of fetal growth restriction. MIMT1 is a non-protein coding gene that forms part of the imprinted PEG3 (paternally expressed gene 3) domain. Microarray analysis of brain cortex samples from mid-gestation MIMT1(Del/WT) bovine fetuses and wild-type siblings was performed to study the effect of fetal growth restriction on brain gene expression. Statistical analysis revealed 134 genes with increased mRNA levels and 22 with reduced levels in MIMT1(Del/WT) fetuses. Gene set enrichment analysis identified a relatively small number of significant functional clusters representing three major biological processes: response to oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and epithelial cell proliferation. Gene expression microarray analyses identified increased expression of VIPR2, HTRA1, S100A4 and MYH8 in fetuses carrying the deletion and decreased expression of DRD2, ADAM18, miR345, ZNF585A. ADAM18, DRD2 and S100A4 are known to be involved in prenatal brain development. ZNF585A, miR-345, VIPR2, HTRA1, and MYH8 are known to be involved in cell growth and differentiation, but any role in neural developmental has yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Venhoranta
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
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Reichart B, Guethoff S, Mayr T, Thormann M, Buchholz S, Postrach J, Ayares D, Elliott RB, Tan P, Kind A, Hagl C, Brenner P, Abicht JM. Discordant cardiac xenotransplantation: broadening the horizons. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 45:1-5. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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38
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Kurome M, Geistlinger L, Kessler B, Zakhartchenko V, Klymiuk N, Wuensch A, Richter A, Baehr A, Kraehe K, Burkhardt K, Flisikowski K, Flisikowska T, Merkl C, Landmann M, Durkovic M, Tschukes A, Kraner S, Schindelhauer D, Petri T, Kind A, Nagashima H, Schnieke A, Zimmer R, Wolf E. Factors influencing the efficiency of generating genetically engineered pigs by nuclear transfer: multi-factorial analysis of a large data set. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 23688045 PMCID: PMC3691671 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically engineered donor cells is currently the most widely used strategy to generate tailored pig models for biomedical research. Although this approach facilitates a similar spectrum of genetic modifications as in rodent models, the outcome in terms of live cloned piglets is quite variable. In this study, we aimed at a comprehensive analysis of environmental and experimental factors that are substantially influencing the efficiency of generating genetically engineered pigs. Based on a considerably large data set from 274 SCNT experiments (in total 18,649 reconstructed embryos transferred into 193 recipients), performed over a period of three years, we assessed the relative contribution of season, type of genetic modification, donor cell source, number of cloning rounds, and pre-selection of cloned embryos for early development to the cloning efficiency. RESULTS 109 (56%) recipients became pregnant and 85 (78%) of them gave birth to offspring. Out of 318 cloned piglets, 243 (76%) were alive, but only 97 (40%) were clinically healthy and showed normal development. The proportion of stillborn piglets was 24% (75/318), and another 31% (100/318) of the cloned piglets died soon after birth. The overall cloning efficiency, defined as the number of offspring born per SCNT embryos transferred, including only recipients that delivered, was 3.95%. SCNT experiments performed during winter using fetal fibroblasts or kidney cells after additive gene transfer resulted in the highest number of live and healthy offspring, while two or more rounds of cloning and nuclear transfer experiments performed during summer decreased the number of healthy offspring. CONCLUSION Although the effects of individual factors may be different between various laboratories, our results and analysis strategy will help to identify and optimize the factors, which are most critical to cloning success in programs aiming at the generation of genetically engineered pig models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kurome
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Geistlinger
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annegret Wuensch
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Richter
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Baehr
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Kraehe
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katinka Burkhardt
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Merkl
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Landmann
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marina Durkovic
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Tschukes
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Simone Kraner
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dirk Schindelhauer
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Petri
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Greenblatt D, Greenburg C, Kind A. Causes and Implications of Readmission After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. J Vasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Merkl C, Saalfrank A, Riesen N, Kühn R, Pertek A, Eser S, Hardt MS, Kind A, Saur D, Wurst W, Iglesias A, Schnieke A. Efficient generation of rat induced pluripotent stem cells using a non-viral inducible vector. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55170. [PMID: 23383095 PMCID: PMC3561372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods of generating rat induced pluripotent stem cells are based on viral transduction of pluripotency inducing genes (Oct4, Sox2, c-myc and Klf4) into somatic cells. These activate endogenous pluripotency genes and reprogram the identity of the cell to an undifferentiated state. Epigenetic silencing of exogenous genes has to occur to allow normal iPS cell differentiation. To gain more control over the expression of exogenous reprogramming factors, we used a novel doxycycline-inducible plasmid vector encoding Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4. To ensure efficient and controlled generation of iPS cells by plasmid transfection we equipped the reprogramming vector with a bacteriophage φC31 attB site and used a φC31 integrase expression vector to enhance vector integration. A series of doxycycline-independent rat iPS cell lines were established. These were characterized by immunocytochemical detection of Oct4, SSEA1 and SSEA4, alkaline phosphatase staining, methylation analysis of the endogenous Oct4 promoter and RT-PCR analysis of endogenous rat pluripotency genes. We also determined the number of vector integrations and the extent to which reprogramming factor gene expression was controlled. Protocols were developed to generate embryoid bodies and rat iPS cells demonstrated as pluripotent by generating derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers in vitro, and teratoma formation in vivo. All data suggest that our rat iPS cells, generated by plasmid based reprogramming, are similar to rat ES cells. Methods of DNA transfection, protein transduction and feeder-free monolayer culture of rat iPS cells were established to enable future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Merkl
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Anja Saalfrank
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Nathalie Riesen
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Pertek
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Eser
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V., Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Iglesias
- Small Molecule Research - Discovery Technologies, Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basle, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cancers are a leading cause of death worldwide and a major priority for biomedical research. Most animal models of solid cancers are in rodents, particularly genetically engineered mice. However, mice differ significantly from humans in size, lifespan, physiology, anatomy, and diet, limiting their usefulness for some studies. Pigs are increasingly recognised as a valuable adjunct to pre-clinical research. Our aim is to provide a series of genetically defined pigs that model serious and common human cancers. These will allow new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be investigated at human scale, and longitudinal studies under conditions that mimic the human patient. We are thus engaged in a program of gene targeting to replicate in pigs a series of genetic lesions known to underlie human cancers. Here, we describe results from two key tumour suppressor genes: adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and p53 (TP53). Somatic mutations resulting in inactivation or altered p53 function are present in most human cancers, and germline TP53 mutations are responsible for Li-Fraumeni multiple cancer syndrome. TP53R175H is the most frequent missense mutation in many sporadic human cancers. We have created gene-targeted knockout pigs and pigs carrying a latent TP53R167H mutant allele orthologous to human mutant TP53R175H that can be activated by Cre recombination to model the occurrence of oncogenic mutant p53 in chosen tissues (Leuchs et al. 2012 PLoS One, in press). In vitro studies indicate that porcine TP53R167H resembles human TP53R175H in altered function, and homozygous knockout of porcine TP53 results in transformation of porcine MSCs. APC plays a vital initiating role in both sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) and the inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). We generated gene-targeted cloned pigs carrying two different nonsense mutations in APC (APC1061 and APC1311) at sites orthologous to human germline mutations responsible for FAP. At 1 year of age, the APC1311 mutation resulted in >100 lesions, including ~60 polyps, exclusively in the large intestine. Importantly, this accords with the location and onset of human FAP in early adulthood, and contrasts with equivalent mutations in mice where polyps develop in the small intestine. Histological and molecular analysis showed that the porcine model recapitulates all major features of early stage human FAP (Flisikowska et al. 2012 Gastroenterology, in press). Tumorigenesis involves multiple genetic alterations over time. It will now be possible to mimic this progression in pigs by combining these and other mutations. We are confident that pig models will make a significant contribution to human oncology.
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Flisikowski K, Venhoranta H, Bauersachs S, Hänninen R, Fürst RW, Saalfrank A, Ulbrich SE, Taponen J, Lohi H, Wolf E, Kind A, Andersson M, Schnieke A. Truncation of MIMT1 Gene in the PEG3 Domain Leads to Major Changes in Placental Gene Expression and Stillbirth in Cattle1. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:140. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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43
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Flisikowska T, Merkl C, Landmann M, Eser S, Rezaei N, Cui X, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Kessler B, Wieland H, Rottmann O, Schmid RM, Schneider G, Kind A, Wolf E, Saur D, Schnieke A. A porcine model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1173-1175.e7. [PMID: 22864254 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We created gene-targeted pigs with mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene (APC) that are orthologous to those responsible for human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). One-year-old pigs with the APC(1311) mutation (orthologous to human APC(1309)) have aberrant crypt foci and low- and high-grade dysplastic adenomas in the large intestine, similar to the precancerous lesions that develop in patients with FAP. Dysplastic adenomas accumulate β-catenin and lose heterozygosity of APC. This large-animal, genetic model of FAP will be useful in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for colorectal cancer. DNA sequence data: NCBI accession number GU951771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Merkl
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Landmann
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Eser
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nousin Rezaei
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Xinxin Cui
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Hagen Wieland
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Oswald Rottmann
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
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Leuchs S, Saalfrank A, Merkl C, Flisikowska T, Edlinger M, Durkovic M, Rezaei N, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Kessler B, Flisikowski K, Kind A, Wolf E, Schnieke A. Inactivation and inducible oncogenic mutation of p53 in gene targeted pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43323. [PMID: 23071491 PMCID: PMC3465291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the tumor suppressor p53 plays a major role in human carcinogenesis. Here we describe gene-targeted porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and live pigs carrying a latent TP53R167H mutant allele, orthologous to oncogenic human mutant TP53R175H and mouse Trp53R172H, that can be activated by Cre recombination. MSCs carrying the latent TP53R167H mutant allele were analyzed in vitro. Homozygous cells were p53 deficient, and on continued culture exhibited more rapid proliferation, anchorage independent growth, and resistance to the apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, all characteristic of cellular transformation. Cre mediated recombination activated the latent TP53R167H allele as predicted, and in homozygous cells expressed mutant p53-R167H protein at a level ten-fold greater than wild-type MSCs, consistent with the elevated levels found in human cancer cells. Gene targeted MSCs were used for nuclear transfer and fifteen viable piglets were produced carrying the latent TP53R167H mutant allele in heterozygous form. These animals will allow study of p53 deficiency and expression of mutant p53-R167H to model human germline, or spontaneous somatic p53 mutation. This work represents the first inactivation and mutation of the gatekeeper tumor suppressor gene TP53 in a non-rodent mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Leuchs
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Anja Saalfrank
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Merkl
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Marlene Edlinger
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Marina Durkovic
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Nousin Rezaei
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cieslak J, Flisikowska T, Schnieke A, Kind A, Szydlowski M, Switonski M, Flisikowski K. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene are presumably associated with transcription level and carcass traits in pigs. Anim Genet 2012; 44:340-3. [PMID: 22812639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to screen for polymorphisms in the porcine adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene promoter, analyse their influence on transcription and identify any association with production traits in pigs. A 1018-bp region of the ADIPOQ gene promoter was analysed in 113 pigs, and seven novel polymorphisms found. Luciferase assays were performed in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells and primary porcine adipose mesenchymal stem cells (pADMSCs) to investigate their affect on promoter activity. A 16-bp indel (c.-106_-91delGCCAGGGGTGTGAGCC) was found to influence promoter strength in vitro. In the HEK293 cell line, the Del/Del genotype showed greater luciferase activity than did the Ins/Ins genotype (P < 0.01). In pADMSCs, the insertion genotype of the ADIPOQ promoter showed greater luciferase activity than did the deletion genotype (P < 0.01). An association study performed for two novel polymorphisms, c.-67G>A and the 16-bp indel, showed significant correlation with loin measurements in Polish Landrace (P < 0.05) and synthetic line 990 (P < 0.01) pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cieslak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
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Müller M, Henle A, Rohner S, Kind A, Droz SC, Surbek D. Intrapartaler Gruppe B-Streptokokkennachweis mittels PCR-Schnelltest: Labor versus Gebärsaal. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1293477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Clark B, Brown R, Ploquin J, Kind A, Grimard L, Dunscombe P. WE-C-214-06: Patient Safety Improvement through Incident Learning in Radiation Treatment - Four Years Experience. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Telford G, Brown AP, Kind A, English JSC, Pritchard DI. Maggot chymotrypsin I from Lucilia sericata is resistant to endogenous wound protease inhibitors. Br J Dermatol 2010; 164:192-6. [PMID: 21175562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chymotrypsin found in the secretions of Lucilia sericata and manufactured as a recombinant enzyme degrades chronic wound eschar ex vivo. OBJECTIVES To characterize the inhibition profile of the L. sericata recombinant chymotrypsin I. METHODS Activity of recombinant chymotrypsin I and its sensitivity to endogenous inhibitors were determined enzymatically using the fluorogenic substrate succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl-aminomethyl coumarin. RESULTS We report the presence of high concentrations of two endogenous inhibitors, α1-antichymotrypsin and α1-antitrypsin, in wound eschar and a trace of a third, α2-macroglobulin, with the potential to inhibit this debridement process. However, the addition of a soluble and inhibitor-containing extract of chronic wound eschar to chymotrypsin I did not affect activity of the enzyme, neither did the addition of purified native α1-antichymotrypsin or α1-antitrypsin, although chymotrypsin I was inhibited by α2-macroglobulin. Conversely, the mammalian equivalent, α-chymotrypsin, was inhibited by the purified native α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulin and by the soluble extract of wound eschar. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the maggot-derived chymotrypsin I is biochemically distinct from human α-chymotrypsin and the lack of inhibition by wound eschar suggests a means by which chymotrypsin I activity survives within the wound to contribute towards debridement during maggot biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Telford
- Immune Modulation Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Zakhartchenko V, Flisikowska T, Li S, Richter T, Wieland H, Durkovic M, Rottmann O, Kessler B, Gungor T, Brem G, Kind A, Wolf E, Schnieke A. Cell-mediated transgenesis in rabbits: chimeric and nuclear transfer animals. Biol Reprod 2010; 84:229-37. [PMID: 20944083 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.087098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to perform precise genetic engineering such as gene targeting in rabbits would benefit biomedical research by enabling, for example, the generation of genetically defined rabbit models of human diseases. This has so far not been possible because of the lack of functional rabbit embryonic stem cells and the high fetal and perinatal mortality associated with rabbit somatic cell nuclear transfer. We examined cultured pluripotent and multipotent cells for their ability to support the production of viable animals. Rabbit putative embryonic stem (ES) cells were derived and shown capable of in vitro and in vivo pluripotent differentiation. We report the first live born ES-derived rabbit chimera. Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were derived from bone marrow, and multipotent differentiation was demonstrated in vitro. Nuclear transfer was carried out with both cell types, and embryo development was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Rabbit MSCs were markedly more successful than ES cells as nuclear donors. MSCs were transfected with fluorescent reporter gene constructs and assessed for nuclear transfer competence. Transfected MSCs supported development with similar efficiency as normal MSCs and resulted in the first live cloned rabbits from genetically manipulated MSCs. Reactivation of fluorescence reporter gene expression in reconstructed embryos was investigated as a means of identifying viable embryos in vitro but was not a reliable predictor. We also examined serial nuclear transfer as a means of rescuing dead animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zakhartchenko
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Muenchen, Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Fischer B, Yui Chan J, Hunter C, Yvslaker M, Uptegraw J, Carlsson C, Kind A, Hunt GG, Asthana S, Gleason C. 077 BEYOND AGS CRITERIA: IDENTIFYING SENIORS AT-RISK FOR FALLS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(10)70078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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