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Parakhin VV, Pokhvisneva GV, Shlykova NI, Samigullina AI, Nikitin SV, Smirnov GA, Gordeev PB, Kon'kova TS, Lempert DB, Pivkina AN. Highly energetic N-cyano-substituted CL-20 analogues: challenging the stability limits of polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6100-6111. [PMID: 38482568 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04203k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
To design high-energy-density materials of a new level, it is necessary to develop methods for the functionalization of energetic scaffolds, which will make it possible to tune their physicochemical and energetic properties. For this reason, we have elaborated an approach for synthesizing a new series of energetic cage compounds with advanced properties by introducing the N-cyano group into the polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitane framework. The structures of the obtained substances were fully characterized with a combination of methods, including multinuclear (1H, 13C{1H}, 14N, and 15N{1H}) NMR and IR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy and quantum chemical calculations. For the resulting compounds, thermal stability and safety tests were carried out, calorimetric and pycnometric measurements were performed, and the energetic potential was determined by high-temperature chemical equilibrium thermodynamic calculations. The new cyano derivatives have an acceptable density (up to 1.92 g cm-3) and a high enthalpy of formation (up to 2 MJ kg-1), which is 2 times that of the benchmark CL-20. The resistance of the target compounds to friction (up to 220 N) is the highest compared to CL-20 and its known analogues. 4,10-Dicyano-2,6,8,12-tetranitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane of the new series is the most thermally stable (a Tdec of 238 °C) among the known energetic polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes and is the first derivative of this family to surpass CL-20 in heat resistance. Moreover, the specific impulse for the novel materials showed an improvement of 6.5-13 s over CL-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Parakhin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Galina V Pokhvisneva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Nina I Shlykova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Aida I Samigullina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergei V Nikitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Gennady A Smirnov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel B Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatyana S Kon'kova
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - David B Lempert
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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2
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Melnikov IN, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG. New Mechanistic Insights into the Primary Thermolysis Reactions of 1,3,4,6-Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5- d]imidazole (BCHMX) from Predictive Local Coupled Cluster Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10860-10871. [PMID: 38039193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies of the decomposition mechanism of energetic materials quite often scrutinize only the primary thermolysis reactions. However, the secondary reactions are crucial, inter alia, for proper building of the combustion models and understanding the autocatalytic processes. In the present study, we applied predictive DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations to elucidate the kinetics and decomposition mechanism of a novel promising energetic material, 1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo [4,5-d] imidazole (BCHMX). We identified eight previously unknown BCHMX conformers, both cis and trans in accordance to the spatial position of the H atoms bonded to a carbon bridge. Among them, the relative enthalpies of cis isomers lie in the narrow range ∼10 kJ mol-1 rendering them thermally accessible in the course of decomposition. The radical N-NO2 bond cleavage via one of the novel conformers is the dominant primary decomposition channel of BCHMX with the kinetic parameters Ea = 168.4 kJ mol-1 and log(A, s-1) = 18.5. We also resolved several contradictory assumptions on the mechanism and key intermediates of BCHMX thermolysis. To get a deeper understanding of the decomposition mechanism, we examined a series of unimolecular and bimolecular secondary channels of BCHMX. Among the former reactions, the C-C bond unzipping followed by another radical elimination of a nitro group is the most energetically favorable pathway with an activation barrier ∼113 kJ mol-1. However, contrary to the literature assumptions, the bimolecular H atom abstraction from a pristine BCHMX molecule by a primary nitramine radical product, not the nitro one, followed by another NO2 radical elimination, is the most important bimolecular secondary thermolysis reaction of BCHMX at lower temperatures. The isokinetic temperature of the bimolecular and unimolecular secondary reactions is ∼620 K. Unimolecular reactions might be important in dilute solutions, where bimolecular reactions are suppressed. The secondary reactions considered in the present work might be pertinent in the case of related energetic nitramines (e.g., RDX, HMX, and CL-20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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Kosareva E, Gainutdinov R, Nikolskaia A, Pivkina AN, Muravyev NV. Can the Sublimation Enthalpy Be Obtained Using Atomic Force Microscopy with Heating? A PETN Nanofilm Case. Langmuir 2023. [PMID: 37352490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Vaporization is an important aspect of the performance and detection of energetic materials. While the traditional techniques concentrate on bulk property changes during sublimation, atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers the possibility to track particle volume changes under heating. Ideally, this will enable the investigation of chemicals that are challenging to study using conventional vaporization analysis methods, i.e., those having low thermal stability and/or low volatility. However, prior studies have demonstrated that novel structural effects at the nanoscale may interfere with sublimation mass loss. The present work aims to provide a comprehensive investigation of the sublimation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) thin films with respect to the measurement parameters, the heating technique, the sample composition, and the type of the substrate. We observed the low-temperature recrystallization of thin-film islands during heating together with the sublimation process; this was demonstrated by the unexpected local increase in volume with temperature. Overall, AFM allows us to set up a precise nanoscale vaporization experiment and, in some instances, to obtain a reliable estimate of the sublimation enthalpy. However, it is crucial to consider the sample's morphology as well as any concurrent structural transformations in order to ensure the validity of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kosareva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Radmir Gainutdinov
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Nikolskaia
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V Muravyev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Shaferov AV, Arakelov ST, Teslenko FE, Pivkina AN, Muravyev NV, Fershtat L. First Example of 1,2,5-Oxadiazole-Based Hypergolic Ionic Liquids: a New Class of Potential Energetic Fuels. Chemistry 2023:e202300948. [PMID: 37216337 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of liquid energetic fuels with improved properties is important topic in space propulsion technologies. In this manuscript, a series of energetic ionic liquids incorporating a 1,2,5-oxadiazole ring and nitrate, dicyanamide or dinitramide anion was synthesized and their physicochemical properties were evaluated. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized and were found to have good thermal stabilities (up to 219 °C) and experimental densities (1.21-1.47 g cm-3). Advantageously, 1,2,5-oxadiazole-based ionic liquids have high combined nitrogen-oxygen contents (up to 64.4%), while their detonation velocities are on the level of known explosive TNT, and combustion performance exceeds those of benchmark 2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium nitrate. Considering the established hypergolicity with H2O2 in the presence of a catalyst, and insensitivity to impact, synthesized ionic liquids have strong application potential as energetic fuels for space technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Shaferov
- FSBIS N D Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences: FGBUN Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sergey T Arakelov
- FSBIS N D Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences: FGBUN Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Fedor E Teslenko
- FSBIS N D Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences: FGBUN Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences: FGBUN Federal'nyj issledovatel'skij centr himiceskoj fiziki im N N Semenova Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Laboratory of Energetic Materials, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Nikita V Muravyev
- FSBIS N N Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Energetic Materials, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Leonid Fershtat
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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5
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Rzhevskiy SA, Minaeva LI, Topchiy MA, Melnikov IN, Kiselev VG, Pivkina AN, Fomenkov IV, Asachenko AF. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of High-Energy Fillers Derived from Nitroisobutylglycerol. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8541. [PMID: 37239887 PMCID: PMC10218491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a comprehensive laboratory synthesis of a series of energetic azidonitrate derivatives (ANDP, SMX, AMDNNM, NIBTN, NPN, 2-nitro-1,3-dinitro-oxypropane) starting from the readily available nitroisobutylglycerol. This simple protocol allows obtaining the high-energy additives from the available precursor in yields higher than those reported using safe and simple operations not presented in previous works. A detailed characterization of the physical, chemical, and energetic properties including impact sensitivity and thermal behavior of these species was performed for the systematic evaluation and comparison of the corresponding class of energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Rzhevskiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.R.); (L.I.M.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Lidiya I. Minaeva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.R.); (L.I.M.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Maxim A. Topchiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.R.); (L.I.M.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Igor N. Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Igor V. Fomenkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.R.); (L.I.M.); (M.A.T.)
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6
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Melnikov IN, Kiselev VG, Dalinger IL, Starosotnikov AM, Muravyev NV, Pivkina AN. Thermochemistry, Tautomerism, and Thermal Stability of 5,7-Dinitrobenzotriazoles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065330. [PMID: 36982405 PMCID: PMC10049112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro derivatives of benzotriazoles are safe energetic materials with remarkable thermal stability. In the present study, we report on the kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition for 5,7-dinitrobenzotriazole (DBT) and 4-amino-5,7-dinitrobenzotriazole (ADBT). The pressure differential scanning calorimetry was employed to study the decomposition kinetics of DBT experimentally because the measurements under atmospheric pressure are disturbed by competing evaporation. The thermolysis of DBT in the melt is described by a kinetic scheme with two global reactions. The first stage is a strong autocatalytic process that includes the first-order reaction (Ea1I = 173.9 ± 0.9 kJ mol−1, log(A1I/s−1) = 12.82 ± 0.09) and the catalytic reaction of the second order with Ea2I = 136.5 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1, log(A2I/s−1) = 11.04 ± 0.07. The experimental study was complemented by predictive quantum chemical calculations (DLPNO-CCSD(T)). The calculations reveal that the 1H tautomer is the most energetically preferable form for both DBT and ADBT. Theory suggests the same decomposition mechanisms for DBT and ADBT, with the most favorable channels being nitro-nitrite isomerization and C–NO2 bond cleavage. The former channel has lower activation barriers (267 and 276 kJ mol−1 for DBT and ADBT, respectively) and dominates at lower temperatures. At the same time, due to the higher preexponential factor, the radical bond cleavage, with reaction enthalpies of 298 and 320 kJ mol−1, dominates in the experimental temperature range for both DBT and ADBT. In line with the theoretical predictions of C–NO2 bond energies, ADBT is more thermally stable than DBT. We also determined a reliable and mutually consistent set of thermochemical values for DBT and ADBT by combining the theoretically calculated (W1-F12 multilevel procedure) gas-phase enthalpies of formation and experimentally measured sublimation enthalpies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N. Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor L. Dalinger
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nikita V. Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-137-8203
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Parakhin VV, Pokhvisneva GV, Ternikova TV, Shlykova NI, Samigullina AI, Nikitin SV, Gordeev PB, Smirnov GA, Kon'kova TS, Lempert DB, Pivkina AN. Linking polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitane cages via an N, N'-methylene bridge: a promising strategy for design energetic ensembles of CL-20 derivatives and adjusting their properties. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To solve actual tasks for the implementation of the modern space program, it is necessary to search for new high-energy components of rocket propellants. For this purpose, we designed a...
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8
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Chaplygin DA, Larin AA, Meerov DB, Monogarov KA, Pronkin DK, Pivkina AN, Fershtat LL. (2-Vinyltetrazolyl)furoxans as New Potential Energetic Monomers. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200365. [PMID: 36513393 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective approach toward the synthesis of a set of new (2-vinyltetrazolyl)furoxans as potential energetic monomers has been realized. All target energetic materials were thoroughly characterized by spectral and analytical methods. Moreover, crystal structures of two representative heterocyclic systems were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Prepared high-energy substances have high combined nitrogen-oxygen content (63-71 %), high enthalpies of formation and good detonation parameters (D: 6.7-7.8 km s-1 ; P: 18-28 GPa). Mechanical sensitivities of the synthesized vinyltetrazoles range these explosives from highly sensitive to completely insensitive. Using calculations of molecular electrostatic potentials (ESP), structural factors influencing the impact sensitivity were revealed. Overall, newly synthesized (2-vinyltetrazolyl)furoxans are of interest as promising energetic monomers due to the presence of the vinyl moiety and explosophoric heterocyclic combination, while their performance exceeds that of benchmark explosive TNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Chaplygin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Larin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Meerov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry K Pronkin
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid L Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000, Myasnitskaya str., 20, Moscow, Russian Federation
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9
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Leonov NE, Emel'yanov AE, Klenov MS, Churakov AM, Strelenko YA, Pivkina AN, Fedyanin IV, Lempert DB, Kon'kova TS, Matyushin YN, Tartakovsky VA. Novel (1H-tetrazol-5-yl-NNO-azoxy)furazans and their energetic salts: synthesis, characterization and energetic properties. Mendeleev Communications 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Zelenov VP, Dalinger IL, Anisimov AA, Yu. Suponitsky K, Pivkina AN, Sheremetev AB. New heterocyclic furazano[3,4-d ][1,2,3]triazine system as a platform for energetic compound engineering. Mendeleev Communications 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Larin AA, Pivkina AN, Ananyev IV, Khakimov DV, Fershtat LL. Novel family of nitrogen-rich energetic (1,2,4-triazolyl) furoxan salts with balanced performance. Front Chem 2022; 10:1012605. [PMID: 36172000 PMCID: PMC9510683 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1012605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich energetic materials comprised of a combination of several heterocyclic subunits retain their leading position in the field of materials science. In this regard, a preparation of novel high-energy materials with balanced set of physicochemical properties is highly desired. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new series of energetic salts incorporating a (1,2,4-triazolyl) furoxan core and complete evaluation of their energetic properties. All target energetic materials were well characterized with IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, while compound 6 was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Prepared nitrogen-rich salts have high thermal stability (up to 232°C), good experimental densities (up to 1.80 g cm−3) and high positive enthalpies of formation (344–1,095 kJ mol−1). As a result, synthesized energetic salts have good detonation performance (D = 7.0–8.4 km s−1; p = 22–32 GPa), while their sensitivities to impact and friction are quite low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Larin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Khakimov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Leonid L. Fershtat,
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12
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Bystrov DM, Pivkina AN, Fershtat LL. An Alliance of Polynitrogen Heterocycles: Novel Energetic Tetrazinedioxide-Hydroxytetrazole-Based Materials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185891. [PMID: 36144627 PMCID: PMC9505947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Energetic materials constitute one of the most important subtypes of functional materials used for various applications. A promising approach for the construction of novel thermally stable high-energy materials is based on an assembly of polynitrogen biheterocyclic scaffolds. Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of a new series of high-nitrogen energetic salts comprising the C-C linked 6-aminotetrazinedioxide and hydroxytetrazole frameworks. Synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. As a result of a vast amount of the formed intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, prepared ammonium and amino-1,2,4-triazolium salts are thermally stable and have good densities of 1.75–1.78 g·cm−3. All synthesized compounds show high detonation performance, reaching that of benchmark RDX. At the same time, as compared to RDX, investigated salts are less friction sensitive due to the formed net of hydrogen bonds. Overall, reported functional materials represent a novel perspective subclass of secondary explosives and unveil further opportunities for an assembly of biheterocyclic next-generation energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M. Bystrov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Kosygin Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zhilin ES, Ananyev IV, Pivkina AN, Fershtat LL. Renaissance of dinitroazetidine: novel hybrid energetic boosters and oxidizers. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14088-14096. [PMID: 36040752 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-oxygen organic materials constitute an important family of multipurpose high-energy materials. However, the preparation of energetic boosters and oxidizers for various civil and space technologies remains a challenging task and such materials usually require special precautions and fine tunability of their functional properties. To find a balance between energy and safety while retaining the oxidizing ability of target energetic materials, novel hybrid organic compounds comprising furoxan and 3,3-dinitroazetidine scaffolds enriched with additional nitro groups were synthesized. The prepared 3-(3,3-dinitroazetidinoyl)-4-nitrofuroxan and 3,3-dinitro-1-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)azetidine have high nitrogen-oxygen contents (75-79%), positive oxygen balance to CO (up to +10.3%) and good experimental densities (1.75-1.80 g cm-3). A combination of superior detonation performance (D = 8.3-8.5 km s-1 and P = 32-33 GPa) and moderate mechanical sensitivity enables the application potential of these energetic materials as booster explosives or oxidizers. Additionally, their functional properties remain essentially competitive with other oxygen-rich energetic materials (pentaerythritol tetranitrate, ammonium dinitramide, and tetranitratoethane). Hirshfeld surface calculations supported by energy framework plots were also performed to better understand the relationship between the molecular structure and stability/sensitivity. This work unveils novel directions in the construction of balanced energetic boosters and oxidizers for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor S Zhilin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Ivan V Ananyev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-1, Leninsky Prospect, 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics 101000, Myasnitskaya str., 20, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid L Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation. .,National Research University Higher School of Economics 101000, Myasnitskaya str., 20, Moscow, Russia
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Muravyev NV, Gorn MV, Melnikov IN, Monogarov KA, Korsunskii BL, Dalinger IL, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG. Autocatalytic decomposition of energetic materials: interplay of theory and thermal analysis in the study of 5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole thermolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16325-16342. [PMID: 35758846 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A reliable kinetic description of the thermal stability of energetic materials (EM) is very important for safety and storage-related problems. Among other pertinent issues, autocatalysis very often complicates the decomposition kinetics of EM. In the present study, the kinetics and decomposition mechanism of a promising energetic compound, 5-amino-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazole (5-ADP) were studied using a set of complementary experimental (e.g., differential scanning calorimetry in the solid state, melt, and solution along with advanced thermokinetic models, accelerating rate calorimetry, and evolved gas analysis) and theoretical techniques (CCSD(T)-F12 and DLPNO-CCSD(T) predictive quantum chemical calculations). The experimental study revealed that the strong acceleration of the decomposition rate of 5-ADP is caused by two factors: the progressive liquefaction of the sample directly observed using in situ optical microscopy, and the autocatalysis by reaction products. For the first time, the processing of the non-isothermal data was performed with a formal Manelis-Dubovitsky kinetic model that accounts for both factors. With the aid of quantum chemical calculations, we have rationalized the autocatalysis present in the formal kinetic models at the molecular level. Theory revealed an unusual primary decomposition channel of 5-ADP, viz., the two subsequent sigmatropic H-shifts in the pyrazole ring followed by the C-NO2 bond scission yielding a pyrazolyl and nitrogen dioxide radicals as simple primary products. Moreover, we found the secondary reactions of the latter radical with the 5-ADP to be kinetically unimportant. On the contrary, the substituted pyrazolyl radical turned out to undergo a facile addition to 5-ADP, followed by a fast exothermic elimination of another ˙NO2 species. We believe the latter process to contribute remarkably to the observed autocatalytic behavior of 5-ADP. Most importantly, the calculations provide detailed mechanistic evidence complementing the thermoanalytical experiment and formal kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Margarita V Gorn
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor N Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris L Korsunskii
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor L Dalinger
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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15
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Larin AA, Shaferov AV, Monogarov KA, Meerov DB, Pivkina AN, Fershtat LL. Novel energetic oxadiazole assemblies. Mendeleev Communications 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Leonov NE, Semenov SE, Klenov MS, Churakov AM, Strelenko YA, Pivkina AN, Fedyanin IV, Lempert DB, Kon'kova TS, Matyushin YN, Miroshnichenko EA, Tartakovsky VA. Novel energetic aminofurazans with a nitro-NNO-azoxy group. Mendeleev Communications 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Leonov NE, Sidorov FM, Klenov MS, Churakov AM, Strelenko YA, Pivkina AN, Fedyanin IV, Lempert DB, Kon'kova TS, Matyushin YN, Tartakovsky VA. Synthesis and properties of novel energetic (cyano-NNO-azoxy)furazans. Mendeleev Communications 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Chaplygin DA, Larin AA, Muravyev NV, Meerov DB, Kosareva EK, Kiselev VG, Pivkina AN, Ananyev IV, Fershtat LL. Nitrogen-rich metal-free salts: a new look at the 5-(trinitromethyl)tetrazolate anion as an energetic moiety. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13778-13785. [PMID: 34505609 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of energetic nitrogen-rich salts comprised of a 5-(trinitromethyl)tetrazolate anion and high-nitrogen cations was synthesized by simple and efficient chemical routes from readily available commercial reagents. These energetic materials were fully characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 14N) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the structure of an energetic salt containing the 3,6,7-triamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazolium cation was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The synthesized compounds exhibit decent experimental densities (1.648-1.845 g cm-3) and positive enthalpies of formation (up to 725.5 kJ mol-1) and, as a result, superior detonation performance (detonation velocities 8.2-9.2 km s-1 and detonation pressures 28.5-37.8 GPa), which is comparable to or even exceeding those of commonly used booster explosive PETN. On the other hand, high mechanical sensitivity of several novel 5-(trinitromethyl)tetrazolate salts along with their high combined nitrogen-oxygen content (>81%) and excellent detonation performance render them environmentally friendly alternatives to lead-based primary explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Chaplygin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Larin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikita V Muravyev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Meerov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina K Kosareva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ananyev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid L Fershtat
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Larin AA, Shaferov AV, Kulikov AS, Pivkina AN, Monogarov KA, Dmitrienko AO, Ananyev IV, Khakimov DV, Fershtat L, Makhova NN. Design and Synthesis of Nitrogen-Rich Azo-Bridged Furoxanylazoles as High-Performance Energetic Materials. Chemistry 2021; 27:14628-14637. [PMID: 34324750 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel energetic materials comprising of azo-bridged furoxanylazoles enriched with energetic functionalities was designed and synthesized. These high-energy materials were thoroughly characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, 14 N) spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular structures of representative amino and azo oxadiazole assemblies were additionally confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction. A comparison of contributions of explosophoric moieties into the density of energetic materials revealed that furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole rings are the densest motifs while the substitution of the azide and amino fragments on the nitro and azo ones leads to an increase of the density. Azo bridged energetic materials have high nitrogen-oxygen contents (68.8-76.9%) and high thermal stability. The synthesized compounds exhibit good experimental densities (1.62-1.88 g cm -3 ), very high enthalpies of formation (846-1720 kJ mol -1 ), and, as a result, excellent detonation performance (detonation velocities 7.66-9.09 km s -1 and detonation pressures 25.0-37.7 GPa). From the application perspective, the detonation parameters of azo oxadiazole assemblies exceed those of the benchmark explosive RDX, while a combination of high detonation performance and acceptable friction sensitivity of azo(1,2,4-triazolylfuroxan) make it a promising potential alternative to PETN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Larin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander V Shaferov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander S Kulikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Institut himiceskoj fiziki imeni N N Semenova RAN, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- Institut himiceskoj fiziki imeni N N Semenova RAN, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Artem O Dmitrienko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Ivan V Ananyev
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Dmitry V Khakimov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Leonid Fershtat
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Nina N Makhova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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21
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Dalinger IL, Shkineva TK, Vatsadze IA, Kormanov AV, Kozeev AM, Suponitsky KY, Pivkina AN, Sheremetev AB. Novel energetic CNO oxidizer: Pernitro-substituted pyrazolyl-furazan framework. FirePhysChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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22
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Pivkina AN, Caveny LH, DeLuca LT, Gany A. Yurii V. Frolov – Leader in the Russian Combustion Community and beyond. Prop , Explos , Pyrotech 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla N. Pivkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Science Moscow Russia
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23
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Muravyev NV, Monogarov KA, Melnikov IN, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG. Learning to fly: thermochemistry of energetic materials by modified thermogravimetric analysis and highly accurate quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15522-15542. [PMID: 34286759 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The standard state enthalpy of formation and the enthalpy of sublimation are essential thermochemical parameters determining the performance and application prospects of energetic materials (EM). Direct experimental measurements of these properties are complicated by low volatility and high heat release in bomb calorimetry experiments. As a result, the uncertainties in the reported enthalpies of formation for a number of even well-known CHNO-containing compounds might amount up to tens kJ mol-1, while for some novel high-nitrogen molecules they reach even hundreds of kJ mol-1. The present study reports a facile approach to determining the solid-state formation enthalpies comprised of complementary high-level quantum chemical calculations of the gas-phase thermochemistry and advanced thermal analysis techniques yielding sublimation enthalpies. The thermogravimetric procedure for the measurement of sublimation enthalpy was modified by using low external pressures (down to 0.2 Pa). This allows for observing sublimation/vaporization instead of thermal decomposition of the compounds studied. Extensive benchmarking on nonenergetic and energetic compounds reveals the average and maximal absolute errors of the sublimation enthalpies of 3.3 and 11.0 kJ mol-1, respectively. The comparison of the results with those obtained from the widely used Trouton-Williams empirical equation shows that the latter underestimates the sublimation enthalpy up to 140 kJ mol-1. Therefore, we performed a reparametrization of the latter equation with simple chemical descriptors that reduces the mean error down to 30 kJ mol-1. Highly accurate multi-level procedures W2-F12 and/or W1-F12 in conjunction with the atomization energy approach were used to calculate theoretically the gas-phase formation enthalpies. In several cases, the DLPNO-CCSD(T) enthalpies of isodesmic reactions were also employed to obtain the gas-phase thermochemistry for medium-sized important EMs. Combining the obtained thermochemical properties, we determined the solid-state enthalpies of formation for nearly 60 species containing various important explosophoric groups, from common nitroaromatics, nitroethers, and nitramines to novel nitrogen-rich heterocyclic species (e.g., the derivatives of pyrazole, tetrazole, furoxan, etc.). The large-scale benchmarking against the available experimental solid-state enthalpies of formation yielded the maximal inaccuracy of the proposed method of 25 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor N Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia. and Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia and Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Muravyev NV, Monogarov KA, Dalinger IL, Koga N, Pivkina AN. Apparent autocatalysis due to liquefaction: thermal decomposition of ammonium 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11797-11806. [PMID: 33983360 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of solids is often accompanied by autocatalysis, one of the possible causes of which is the formation of a liquid phase. The kinetic model considering the liquefaction of solid reactants under isothermal conditions was proposed by Bawn in the 1950s. The present study reports the application of the Bawn model to the thermolysis of 3,4,5-trinitropyrazole ammonium salt (ATNP) under nonisothermal conditions. The thermal decomposition of ATNP is comprised of low-temperature and high-temperature stages. The low-temperature stage exhibits two distinct exothermic peaks in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fitted by two consecutive autocatalytic reactions with a model-fitting kinetic analysis. The liquefaction of the solid reactant during the first reaction is directly observed, giving mechanistic evidence for the Bawn model. We have expressed the Bawn model by a combination of two extended Prout-Tompkins (ePT) equations with the activation energy for the leading liquid-state reaction of Ea = 140.6 ± 0.3 kJ mol-1. The release of ammonia is detected from the beginning, suggesting that the thermal dissociation of ATNP to 3,4,5-trinitropyrazole is an initiation reaction of the thermal decomposition. We proposed ATNP liquefication, leading to the apparent autocatalytic behavior of the first global decomposition reaction, is caused by the eutectic formation between ATNP and 3,4,5-trinitropyrazole, as it was confirmed by DSC analysis of the artificial mixture. The presented approach of the combination of ePT formalism with a Bawn model is generally applicable to a broader range of thermal processes accompanied by liquid phase formation and apparent acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Igor L Dalinger
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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25
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Larin AA, Bystrov DM, Fershtat LL, Konnov AA, Makhova NN, Monogarov KA, Meerov DB, Melnikov IN, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG, Muravyev NV. Nitro-, Cyano-, and Methylfuroxans, and Their Bis-Derivatives: From Green Primary to Melt-Cast Explosives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245836. [PMID: 33322001 PMCID: PMC7764251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we studied in detail the thermochemistry, thermal stability, mechanical sensitivity, and detonation performance for 20 nitro-, cyano-, and methyl derivatives of 1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxide (furoxan), along with their bis-derivatives. For all species studied, we also determined the reliable values of the gas-phase formation enthalpies using highly accurate multilevel procedures W2-F12 and/or W1-F12 in conjunction with the atomization energy approach and isodesmic reactions with the domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) modifications of the coupled-cluster techniques. Apart from this, we proposed reliable benchmark values of the formation enthalpies of furoxan and a number of its (azo)bis-derivatives. Additionally, we reported the previously unknown crystal structure of 3-cyano-4-nitrofuroxan. Among the monocyclic compounds, 3-nitro-4-cyclopropyl and dicyano derivatives of furoxan outperformed trinitrotoluene, a benchmark melt-cast explosive, exhibited decent thermal stability (decomposition temperature >200 °C) and insensitivity to mechanical stimuli while having notable volatility and low melting points. In turn, 4,4′-azobis-dicarbamoyl furoxan is proposed as a substitute of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, a benchmark brisant high explosive. Finally, the application prospects of 3,3′-azobis-dinitro furoxan, one of the most powerful energetic materials synthesized up to date, are limited due to the tremendously high mechanical sensitivity of this compound. Overall, the investigated derivatives of furoxan comprise multipurpose green energetic materials, including primary, secondary, melt-cast, low-sensitive explosives, and an energetic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Larin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Dmitry M. Bystrov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Alexey A. Konnov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Konstantin A. Monogarov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Dmitry B. Meerov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Igor N. Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V. Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-137-8203
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Zelenov VP, Gorshkov EY, Zavaruev MV, Dmitrienko AO, Troyan IA, Pivkina AN, Khakimov DV, Pavlikov AV. Synthesis and mutual transformations of nitronium tetrakis(nitrooxy)- and tetrakis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetoxy)borates. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitronium borates of NO2[B(OX)4] type with X = CF3CO and NO2 as ligands were synthesized, and the possibility of reversible mutual transformations of these compounds was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P. Zelenov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Yu. Gorshkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V. Zavaruev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Artem O. Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Leninskie Gory
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A. Troyan
- FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Khakimov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Pavlikov
- Department of Physics
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Leninskie Gory
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
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Muravyev NV, Pivkina AN, Koga N. Critical Appraisal of Kinetic Calculation Methods Applied to Overlapping Multistep Reactions. Molecules 2019; 24:E2298. [PMID: 31234317 PMCID: PMC6631284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of solids often includes simultaneous occurrence of the overlapping processes with unequal contributions in a specific physical quantity variation during the overall reaction (e.g., the opposite effects of decomposition and evaporation on the caloric signal). Kinetic analysis for such reactions is not a straightforward, while the applicability of common kinetic calculation methods to the particular complex processes has to be justified. This study focused on the critical analysis of the available kinetic calculation methods applied to the mathematically simulated thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. Comparing the calculated kinetic parameters with true kinetic parameters (used to simulate the thermoanalytical curves), some caveats in the application of the Kissinger, isoconversional Friedman, Vyazovkin and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, mathematical and kinetic deconvolution approaches and formal kinetic description were highlighted. The model-fitting approach using simultaneously TG and DSC data was found to be the most useful for the complex processes assumed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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Muravyev NV, Monogarov KA, Schaller U, Fomenkov IV, Pivkina AN. Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Energetic Materials: Creating the Reactive Microstructures with High Potential of Applications. Prop , Explos , Pyrotech 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Muravyev
- Energetic Materials LaboratorySemenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Monogarov
- Energetic Materials LaboratorySemenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Uwe Schaller
- Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology ICT D-76327 Pfinztal Germany
| | - Igor V. Fomenkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Energetic Materials LaboratorySemenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS 119991 Moscow Russia
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Larin AA, Muravyev NV, Pivkina AN, Suponitsky KY, Ananyev IV, Khakimov DV, Fershtat LL, Makhova NN. Assembly of Tetrazolylfuroxan Organic Salts: Multipurpose Green Energetic Materials with High Enthalpies of Formation and Excellent Detonation Performance. Chemistry 2019; 25:4225-4233. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Larin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow Russia
| | - Nikita V. Muravyev
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical PhysicsRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Kosygin str. 4 Moscow Russia
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical PhysicsRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Kosygin str. 4 Moscow Russia
| | - Kyrill Yu. Suponitsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement CompoundsRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova str. 28 Moscow Russia
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 117997 Stremyanny per. 36 Moscow Russia
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement CompoundsRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova str. 28 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Khakimov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow Russia
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Research Center” 125438 Onezhskaya Str. 8 Moscow Russia
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow Russia
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow Russia
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Kiselev VG, Muravyev NV, Monogarov KA, Gribanov PS, Asachenko AF, Fomenkov IV, Goldsmith CF, Pivkina AN, Gritsan NP. Toward reliable characterization of energetic materials: interplay of theory and thermal analysis in the study of the thermal stability of tetranitroacetimidic acid (TNAA). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29285-29298. [PMID: 30430162 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05619f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermal stability of energetic materials, being of the utmost importance for safety issues, is often considered in terms of kinetics, e.g., the Arrhenius parameters of the decomposition rate constant. The latter, in turn, are commonly determined using conventional thermoanalytical procedures with the use of simple Kissinger or Ozawa methods for kinetic data processing. However, thermal decomposition of energetic materials typically occurs via numerous exo- and endothermal processes including fast parallel reactions, phase transitions, autocatalysis, etc. This leads to numerous drawbacks of simple approaches. In this paper, we proposed a new methodology for characterization of the thermochemistry and thermal stability of melt-cast energetic materials, which is comprised of a complementary set of experimental and theoretical techniques in conjunction with a suitable kinetic model. With the aid of the proposed methodology, we studied in detail a novel green oxidizer, tetranitroacetimidic acid (TNAA). The experimental mass loss kinetics in the melt was perfectly fitted with a model comprised of zero-order reaction (sublimation or evaporation) and first-order thermal decomposition of TNAA with the effective Arrhenius parameters Ea = 41.0 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1 and log(A/s-1) = 20.2 ± 0.1. We rationalized the experimental findings on the basis of highly accurate CCSD(T)-F12 quantum chemical calculations. Computations predict that thermolysis of TNAA involves an intricate interplay of multiple decomposition channels of the three tautomers, which are equilibrated via either monomolecular reactions or concerted double hydrogen atom transfer in the H-bonded dimers; the calculated Arrhenius parameters of the effective rate constant coincide well with experiment. Most importantly, calculations provide detailed mechanistic evidence missing in the thermoanalytical experiment and explain formation of the experimentally observed primary products N2O and NO2. Along with the kinetics and mechanism of decomposition, the proposed approach yields accurate thermochemistry and phase change data of TNAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly G Kiselev
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Muravyev NV, Koga N, Meerov DB, Pivkina AN. Kinetic analysis of overlapping multistep thermal decomposition comprising exothermic and endothermic processes: thermolysis of ammonium dinitramide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:3254-3264. [PMID: 28083583 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on kinetic modeling of a specific type of multistep heterogeneous reaction comprising exothermic and endothermic reaction steps, as exemplified by the practical kinetic analysis of the experimental kinetic curves for the thermal decomposition of molten ammonium dinitramide (ADN). It is known that the thermal decomposition of ADN occurs as a consecutive two step mass-loss process comprising the decomposition of ADN and subsequent evaporation/decomposition of in situ generated ammonium nitrate. These reaction steps provide exothermic and endothermic contributions, respectively, to the overall thermal effect. The overall reaction process was deconvoluted into two reaction steps using simultaneously recorded thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) curves by considering the different physical meanings of the kinetic data derived from TG and DSC by P value analysis. The kinetic data thus separated into exothermic and endothermic reaction steps were kinetically characterized using kinetic computation methods including isoconversional method, combined kinetic analysis, and master plot method. The overall kinetic behavior was reproduced as the sum of the kinetic equations for each reaction step considering the contributions to the rate data derived from TG and DSC. During reproduction of the kinetic behavior, the kinetic parameters and contributions of each reaction step were optimized using kinetic deconvolution analysis. As a result, the thermal decomposition of ADN was successfully modeled as partially overlapping exothermic and endothermic reaction steps. The logic of the kinetic modeling was critically examined, and the practical usefulness of phenomenological modeling for the thermal decomposition of ADN was illustrated to demonstrate the validity of the methodology and its applicability to similar complex reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan
| | - Dmitry B Meerov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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Dalinger IL, Kormanov AV, Vatsadze IA, Serushkina OV, Shkineva TK, Suponitsky KY, Pivkina AN, Sheremetev AB. Synthesis of 1- and 5-(pyrazolyl)tetrazole amino and nitro derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Muravyev NV, Monogarov KA, Asachenko AF, Nechaev MS, Ananyev IV, Fomenkov IV, Kiselev VG, Pivkina AN. Pursuing reliable thermal analysis techniques for energetic materials: decomposition kinetics and thermal stability of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:436-449. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reliable kinetics of thermolysis for a novel explosive dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) was obtained using a variety of thermoanalytical and kinetic methods and verified by modeling of adiabatic self-heating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS
- 119991 Moscow
| | - Mikhail S. Nechaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS
- 119991 Moscow
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | | | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Novosibirsk State University
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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Muravyev NV, Bragin AA, Monogarov KA, Nikiforova AS, Korlyukov AA, Fomenkov IV, Shishov NI, Pivkina AN. 5-Amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole as a Promising Energetic Material. Prop , Explos , Pyrotech 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201600068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Muravyev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Bragin
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | | | - Anna S. Nikiforova
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - Igor V. Fomenkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | | | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
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