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Ramalho M, Jovanović T, Afonso A, Baía A, Lopes A, Fernandes A, Almeida A, Carvalho F. Landfill leachate treatment by immediate one-step lime precipitation, carbonation, and phytoremediation fine-tuning. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:8647-8656. [PMID: 35060055 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high pollutant load of sanitary landfill leachates poses a huge challenge in the search for efficient and environment friendly solutions for their treatment. The objective of this work was to study an integrated solution of environmentally friendly technologies - immediate one-step lime precipitation (IOSLP), carbonation (CB), and phytoremediation (Phyt) - to treat a sanitary landfill leachate. In the leachate sample treatment by IOSLP, the influence of CaO concentration (18.2-33.3 gCaO L-1) and stirring time (2-60 min) on the sludge sedimentability and pollutant removal was studied. Organic load and ammonia nitrogen (AN) removal increases with CaO added, as well as sludge volume. Stirring time has a small influence on organic load and AN removal, presenting a minimum for sludge volume. Thus, the best operational conditions were chosen as 27.6 gCaO L-1, and 40-min stirring time, with 64% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Sludge humidity was 2.1%, making dewatering needless. IOSLP supernatant was submitted to CB by atmospheric CO2, and 100% removals in AN and hardness were attained. Effluents from IOSLP and IOSLP + CB were utilized in Phyt tests, with Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty). The best COD removal (37%) during Phyt was attained for the samples treated by IOSLP + CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Ramalho
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
| | - Toni Jovanović
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Afonso
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Baía
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Lopes
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Annabel Fernandes
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carvalho
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
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Rodrigues AS, Souiad F, Fernandes A, Baía A, Pacheco MJ, Ciríaco L, Bendaoud-Boulahlib Y, Lopes A. Treatment of fruit processing wastewater by electrochemical and activated persulfate processes: Toxicological and energetic evaluation. Environ Res 2022; 209:112868. [PMID: 35143803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A fruit processing wastewater was submitted to different advanced oxidation processes, namely, electro-Fenton (EF), electrochemical oxidation (EO), activated persulfate (PS), and combined EF/PS. The performance of the treatment processes, at different experimental conditions, regarding organic load removal, biodegradability increment, toxicity reduction, and specific energy consumption (Esp), was evaluated. At the experimental conditions studied, EO led to the treated solutions with the highest biodegradability increment, from 0.24 to 0.48, and toxicity reduction towards Daphnia magna, from 5.8 to 1.5 toxic units, without requiring the addition of chemicals. Nevertheless, the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were obtained for EF and combined EF/PS treatments. For the electrochemical processes, an increase in COD removal rate with applied current density (j) was observed. However, the increase in j substantially raised the Esp. In PS treatment, COD removals above 80% were only achieved for high amounts of added persulfate and iron, which led to less biodegradable and more toxic solutions. Combined EF/PS attained the lowest Esp values, mainly due to the conductivity increase originated by the persulfate and iron salts addition. Besides the disadvantage of the chemicals added, this combined treatment led to treated solutions with very acidic pH and significant iron content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rodrigues
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - F Souiad
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal; Unité de Recherche CHEMS, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - A Fernandes
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - A Baía
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M J Pacheco
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L Ciríaco
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Y Bendaoud-Boulahlib
- Unité de Recherche CHEMS, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - A Lopes
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
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