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Xu J, Chung CK, McClory A, Mack KA, Dalziel ME, Fettes A, Clagg K, Lim NK, Wuitschik G, Jenny C, Finet L, Kammerer M, Zhang H, Angelaud R, Gosselin F. Efficient Manufacturing Process for the Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader GDC-9545 (Giredestrant) via a Crystallization-Driven Diastereoselective Pictet–Spengler Condensation. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cheol K. Chung
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrew McClory
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle A. Mack
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael E. Dalziel
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alec Fettes
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, Small Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kyle Clagg
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Georg Wuitschik
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, Small Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jenny
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, Small Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laure Finet
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, Small Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kammerer
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, Small Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rémy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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St-Jean F, Remarchuk T, Angelaud R, Carrera DE, Beaudry D, Malhotra S, McClory A, Kumar A, Ohlenbusch G, Schuster AM, Gosselin F. Manufacture of the PI3K β-Sparing Inhibitor Taselisib. Part 2: Development of a Highly Efficient and Regioselective Late-Stage Process. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric St-Jean
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Travis Remarchuk
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rémy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Diane E. Carrera
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Danial Beaudry
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sushant Malhotra
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrew McClory
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Archana Kumar
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gerd Ohlenbusch
- Small Molecules Technical Development PTDC-C, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M. Schuster
- Small Molecules Technical Development PTDC-C, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Savage S, McClory A, Zhang H, Cravillion T, Lim NK, Masui C, Robinson SJ, Han C, Ochs C, Rege PD, Gosselin F. Synthesis of Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader GDC-0810 via Stereocontrolled Assembly of a Tetrasubstituted All-Carbon Olefin. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11571-11576. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Ochs
- Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pankaj D. Rege
- Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Lim NK, Cravillion T, Savage S, McClory A, Han C, Zhang H, DiPasquale A, Gosselin F. Synthesis of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader via a Stereospecific Elimination Approach. Org Lett 2018; 20:1114-1117. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Department of Small Molecule Process
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Theresa Cravillion
- Department of Small Molecule Process
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott Savage
- Department of Small Molecule Process
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrew McClory
- Department of Small Molecule Process
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Small Molecule Process
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Antonio DiPasquale
- Department of Small Molecule Process
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Mack KA, McClory A, Zhang H, Gosselin F, Collum DB. Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide-Mediated Enolization of Highly Substituted Aryl Ketones: Structural and Mechanistic Basis of the E/Z Selectivities. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12182-12189. [PMID: 28786667 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enolizations of highly substituted acyclic ketones used in the syntheses of tetrasubstituted olefin-based anticancer agents are described. Lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS)-mediated enolizations are moderately Z-selective in neat tetrahydrofuran (THF) and E-selective in 2.0 M THF/hexane. The results of NMR spectroscopy show the resulting enolates to be statistically distributed ensembles of E,E-, E,Z-, and Z,Z-enolate dimers with subunits that reflect the selectivities. The results of rate studies trace the preference for E and Z isomers to tetrasolvated- and pentasolvated-monomer-based transition structures, respectively. Enolization using LiHMDS in N,N-dimethylethylamine or triethylamine in toluene affords a 65:1 mixture of LiHMDS-lithium enolate mixed dimers containing E and Z isomers, respectively. Spectroscopic studies show that condition-dependent complexation of ketone to LiHMDS occurs in trialkylamine/toluene. Rate data attribute the high selectivity exclusively to monosolvated-dimer-based transition structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Mack
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrew McClory
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Li BX, Le DN, Mack KA, McClory A, Lim NK, Cravillion T, Savage S, Han C, Collum DB, Zhang H, Gosselin F. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Acyclic All-Carbon Olefins via Enol Tosylation and Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10777-10783. [PMID: 28715208 PMCID: PMC6059653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly stereocontrolled synthesis of tetrasubstituted acyclic all-carbon olefins has been developed via a stereoselective enolization and tosylate formation, followed by a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the tosylates and pinacol boronic esters in the presence of a Pd(OAc)2/RuPhos catalytic system. Both the enol tosylation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions tolerate an array of electronically and sterically diverse substituents and generate high yield and stereoselectivity of the olefin products. Judicious choice of substrate and coupling partner provides access to either the E- or Z-olefin with excellent yield and stereochemical fidelity. Olefin isomerization was observed during the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. However, under the optimized cross-coupling reaction conditions, the isomerization was suppressed to <5% in most cases. Mechanistic probes indicate that the olefin isomerization occurs via an intermediate, possibly a zwitterionic palladium carbenoid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl X. Li
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Diane N. Le
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle A. Mack
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, United States
| | - Andrew McClory
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Theresa Cravillion
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott Savage
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chong Han
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David B. Collum
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Takahashi RH, Ma S, Yue Q, Kim-Kang H, Yi Y, Ly J, Boggs JW, Fettes A, McClory A, Deng Y, Hop CECA, Khojasteh SC, Choo EF. Absorption, metabolism and excretion of cobimetinib, an oral MEK inhibitor, in rats and dogs. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:50-65. [PMID: 27055783 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1157645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The absorption, metabolism and excretion of cobimetinib, an allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2, was characterized in mass balance studies following single oral administration of radiolabeled (14C) cobimetinib to Sprague-Dawley rats (30 mg/kg) and Beagle dogs (5 mg/kg). 2. The oral dose of cobimetinib was well absorbed (81% and 71% in rats and dogs, respectively). The maximal plasma concentrations for cobimetinib and total radioactivity were reached at 2-3 h post-dose. Drug-derived radioactivity was fully recovered (∼90% of the administered dose) with the majority eliminated in feces via biliary excretion (78% of the dose for rats and 65% for dogs). The recoveries were nearly complete after the first 48 h following dosing. 3. The metabolic profiles indicated extensive metabolism of cobimetinib prior to its elimination. For rats, the predominant metabolic pathway was hydroxylation at the aromatic core. Lower exposures for cobimetinib and total radioactivity were observed in male rats compared with female rats, which was consistent to in vitro higher clearance of cobimetinib for male rats. For dogs, sequential oxidative reactions occurred at the aliphatic portion of the molecule. Though rat metabolism was well-predicted in vitro with liver microsomes, dog metabolism was not. 4. Rats and dogs were exposed to the two major human circulating Phase II metabolites, which provided relevant metabolite safety assessment. In general, the extensive sequential oxidative metabolism in dogs, and not the aromatic hydroxylation in rats, was more indicative of the metabolism of cobimetinib in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Takahashi
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Shuguang Ma
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Qin Yue
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | | | - Yijun Yi
- b XenoBiotic Laboratories, Inc , Plainsboro , NJ , USA
| | - Justin Ly
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jason W Boggs
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Alec Fettes
- c Pharma Technical Development, Process Research & Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd , Basel , Switzerland , and
| | - Andrew McClory
- d Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Yuzhong Deng
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Edna F Choo
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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Stumpf A, McClory A, Yajima H, Segraves N, Angelaud R, Gosselin F. Development of an Efficient, Safe, and Environmentally Friendly Process for the Manufacture of GDC-0084. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stumpf
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, ‡Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., A Member of the Roche
Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrew McClory
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, ‡Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., A Member of the Roche
Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Herbert Yajima
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, ‡Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., A Member of the Roche
Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nathaniel Segraves
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, ‡Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., A Member of the Roche
Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Remy Angelaud
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, ‡Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., A Member of the Roche
Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, ‡Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., A Member of the Roche
Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Heffron TP, McClory A, Stumpf A. The Discovery and Process Chemistry Development of GDC-0084, a Brain Penetrating Inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR. Comprehensive Accounts of Pharmaceutical Research and Development: From Discovery to Late-Stage Process Development Volume 1 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1239.ch006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Heffron
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrew McClory
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andreas Stumpf
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Abstract
Organic vinylidene species have found limited use in organic synthesis owing to their inaccessibility. In contrast, metal vinylidenes are much more stable and may be readily accessed through transition-metal activation of terminal alkynes. These electrophilic species may be trapped by a number of nucleophiles. Additionally, metal vinylidenes can participate in pericyclic reactions and processes that involve migration of a metal ligand to the vinylidene species. This Focus Review addresses the reactions and applications of metal vinylidenes in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA.
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Tsantrizos YS, Ferland JM, McClory A, Poirier M, Farina V, Yee NK, Wang XJ, Haddad N, Wei X, Xu J, Zhang L. Olefin ring-closing metathesis as a powerful tool in drug discovery and development – potent macrocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The cationic ruthenium complex [CpRu(NCCH3)3]PF6 promotes the coupling of monosubstituted allene carboxylic acids and simple alpha,beta-unsaturated olefins to form five- and six-membered lactones. The mild reaction conditions allow for the presence of various functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Pagé D, McClory A, Mischki T, Schmidt R, Butterworth J, St-Onge S, Labarre M, Payza K, Brown W. Novel Dmt-Tic dipeptide analogues as selective delta-opioid receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:167-70. [PMID: 10673103 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of Dmt-Tic analogues with substitution on the Tic aromatic ring has been synthesized and evaluated for opioid receptor affinity and activation. Incorporation of large hydrophobic groups at position 7 of Tic did not greatly alter the delta opioid receptor binding affinities of the dipeptides whereas substitution at position 6 substantially diminished their affinity. These modified Dmt-Tic peptides showed binding affinities as low as 2.5 nM with up to 500-fold selectivity for the delta versus mu opioid receptor and proved to be delta receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pagé
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Montréal, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada.
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Tsantrizos YS, Yang X, McClory A. Studies on the Biosynthesis of the Fungal Metabolite Oudenone. 2. Synthesis and Enzymatic Cyclization of an alpha-Diketone, Open-Chain Precursor into Oudenone in Cultures of Oudemansiella radicata. J Org Chem 1999; 64:6609-6614. [PMID: 11674663 DOI: 10.1021/jo9901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-diketone 4 was shown to be the open-chain biosynthetic precursor of the fungal metabolite oudenone (1a and 1b). Intact incorporation of 4 into 1 was achieved upon incubation of a (2)H-labeled, N-acetylcysteamine thioester derivative of 4 with growing cultures of Oudemansiella radicata. A biosynthetic scheme for the formation of the hexaketide 4 and its enzymatic cyclization into oudenone (1), consistent with the experimental data, is described. The proposed mechanism for the cyclization of 4 to 1 is analogous to the "polyepoxide cascade" model, which has been previously implicated in the biosynthesis of polyether antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Bio-Méga Research Division, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
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18
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Abstract
The human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cell line contains a rich source of the 85 kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). DMSO-differentiated U937 cells were used as a model to investigate the free arachidonic acid release, the arachidonate distribution and the phospholipid source of arachidonate upon Ca2+ ionophore stimulation. A combination of several chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques was employed in this study. The amount of free arachidonic acid (AA) released upon stimulation, the arachidonate content in total lipids and in each of the phospholipid classes were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) was found to be the major pool of arachidonate in differentiated human U937 cells (55%) and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoinositol (GPI) contributed 22 and 8%, respectively. Upon Ca2+ ionophore stimulation, GPE class lost the largest amount of arachidonate, followed by GPC class. GPI class, however, gained a substantial amount of arachidonate. Most of the arachidonate depleted from GPE and GPC was recovered as free AA, some of which was rapidly esterified into GPI species. GC/MS with electron capture negative chemical ionization provided excellent sensitivity for the measurement of arachidonic acid which was derivatized to its pentafluorobenzyl ester. Intact phospholipid molecular species including the arachidonyl-containing phospholipid species were identified using capillary high-performance liquid chromatography/continuous-flow liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (CF-LSIMS). No specificity was found for releasing free AA among the arachidonyl-containing GPE and GPC species upon Ca2+ ionophore stimulation. CF-LSIMS provided a sensitive and effective means of detecting intact phospholipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Quebec, Canada.
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