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Buckle GC, Mrema A, Mwachiro M, Ringo Y, Selekwa M, Mulima G, Some FF, Mmbaga BT, Mody GN, Zhang L, Paciorek A, Akoko L, Ayuo P, Burgert S, Bukusi E, Charles A, Chepkemoi W, Chesumbai G, Kaimila B, Kenseko A, Kibwana KS, Koech D, Macharia C, Moirana EN, Mushi BP, Mremi A, Mwaiselage J, Mwanga A, Ndumbalo J, Nvakunga G, Ngoma M, Oduor M, Oloo M, Opakas J, Parker R, Seno S, Salima A, Servent F, Wandera A, Westmoreland KD, White RE, Williams B, Mmbaga EJ, Van Loon K. Treatment outcomes of esophageal cancer in Eastern Africa: protocol of a multi-center, prospective, observational, open cohort study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:82. [PMID: 35045815 PMCID: PMC8772224 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Eastern Africa. The majority of patients with ESCC in Eastern Africa present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Several palliative interventions for ESCC are currently in use within the region, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy with and without chemotherapy, and esophageal stenting with self-expandable metallic stents; however, the comparative effectiveness of these interventions in a low resource setting has yet to be examined. Methods This prospective, observational, multi-center, open cohort study aims to describe the therapeutic landscape of ESCC in Eastern Africa and investigate the outcomes of different treatment strategies within the region. The 4.5-year study will recruit at a total of six sites in Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania (Ocean Road Cancer Institute and Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center in Moshi, Tanzania; Tenwek Hospital in Bomet, Kenya; Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya; and Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi). Treatment outcomes that will be evaluated include overall survival, quality of life (QOL) and safety. All patients (≥18 years old) who present to participating sites with a histopathologically-confirmed or presumptive clinical diagnosis of ESCC based on endoscopy or barium swallow will be recruited to participate. Key clinical and treatment-related data including standardized QOL metrics will be collected at study enrollment, 1 month following treatment, 3 months following treatment, and thereafter at 3-month intervals until death. Vital status and QOL data will be collected through mobile phone outreach. Discussion This study will be the first study to prospectively compare ESCC treatment strategies in Eastern Africa, and the first to investigate QOL benefits associated with different treatments in sub-Saharan Africa. Findings from this study will help define optimal management strategies for ESCC in Eastern Africa and other resource-limited settings and will serve as a benchmark for future research. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov database on December 15, 2021, NCT05177393. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09124-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C Buckle
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M1296, San Francsico, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Alita Mrema
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Yona Ringo
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Msiba Selekwa
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Fatma F Some
- Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gita N Mody
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M1296, San Francsico, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alan Paciorek
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M1296, San Francsico, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Larry Akoko
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paul Ayuo
- Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aida Kenseko
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - David Koech
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Alex Mremi
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Ally Mwanga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Gissela Nvakunga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mamsau Ngoma
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Mark Oloo
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Jesse Opakas
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert Parker
- Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya.,Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Saruni Seno
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Furaha Servent
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Kate D Westmoreland
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.,UNC-Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Russell E White
- Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya.,Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Elia J Mmbaga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Katherine Van Loon
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M1296, San Francsico, CA, 94143, USA
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Shah ND, Ventura-Cots M, Abraldes JG, Alboraie M, Alfadhli A, Argemi J, Badia-Aranda E, Soler EA, Barritt AS, Bessone F, Biryukova M, Carrilho FJ, Castellanos Fernández M, Guiridi ZD, El Kassas M, Eng-Kiong T, Farias A, George J, Gui W, Harichander-Thurairajah P, Hsiang JC, Husić-Selimovic A, Isakov V, Karoney M, Kim W, Kluwe J, Kochhar R, Dhaka N, Costa PM, Nabeshima Pharm MA, Ono SK, Reis D, Rodil A, Domech CR, Sáez-Royuela F, Scheurich C, Siow W, Sivac-Burina N, Traquino ESDS, Some F, Spreckic S, Tan S, Vorobioff J, Wandera A, Wu P, Yakoub M, Yang L, Yu Y, Zahiragic N, Zhang C, Cortez-Pinto H, Bataller R. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Is Rarely Detected at Early Stages Compared With Liver Diseases of Other Etiologies Worldwide. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:2320-2329.e12. [PMID: 30708110 PMCID: PMC6682466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite recent advances in treatment of viral hepatitis, liver-related mortality is high, possibly owing to the large burden of advanced alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). We investigated whether patients with ALD are initially seen at later stages of disease development than patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or other etiologies. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 3453 consecutive patients with either early or advanced liver disease (1699 patients with early and 1754 with advanced liver disease) seen at 17 tertiary care liver or gastrointestinal units worldwide, from August 2015 through March 2017. We collected anthropometric, etiology, and clinical information, as well as and model for end-stage liver disease scores. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios for evaluation at late stages of the disease progression. RESULTS Of the patients analyzed, 81% had 1 etiology of liver disease and 17% had 2 etiologies of liver disease. Of patients seen at early stages for a single etiology, 31% had HCV infection, 21% had hepatitis B virus infection, and 17% had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas only 3.8% had ALD. In contrast, 29% of patients seen for advanced disease had ALD. Patients with ALD were more likely to be seen at specialized centers, with advanced-stage disease, compared with patients with HCV-associated liver disease (odds ratio, 14.1; 95% CI, 10.5-18.9; P < .001). Of patients with 2 etiologies of liver disease, excess alcohol use was associated with 50% of cases. These patients had significantly more visits to health care providers, with more advanced disease, compared with patients without excess alcohol use. The mean model for end-stage liver disease score for patients with advanced ALD (score, 16) was higher than for patients with advanced liver disease not associated with excess alcohol use (score, 13) (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS In a cross-sectional analysis of patients with liver disease worldwide, we found that patients with ALD are seen with more advanced-stage disease than patients with HCV-associated liver disease. Of patients with 2 etiologies of liver disease, excess alcohol use was associated with 50% of cases. Early detection and referral programs are needed for patients with ALD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Deparment of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan G. Abraldes
- Cirrhosis Care Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, CEGIIR, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Haya Al-Habeeb Gastroenterology Center, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Jabriya, Kuwait.,Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Alfadhli
- Haya Al-Habeeb Gastroenterology Center, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Deparment of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Badia-Aranda
- Gastroenterology Department, Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos; Spain
| | | | - A. Sidney Barritt
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Bessone
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology from the University of Rosario School of Medicine, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marina Biryukova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Flair J. Carrilho
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zaily Dorta Guiridi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohamed El Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Teo Eng-Kiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Alberto Farias
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenfang Gui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - John Chen Hsiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Azra Husić-Selimovic
- Department of Hepatology, Institute for Gastroenterology, University Hospital Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vasily Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mercy Karoney
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Narendra Dhaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pedro Marques Costa
- Departmento de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Suzane K. Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Reis
- Departmento de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Agustina Rodil
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Federico Sáez-Royuela
- Gastroenterology Department, Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos; Spain
| | - Christoph Scheurich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Way Siow
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadja Sivac-Burina
- Department of Hepatology, Institute for Gastroenterology, University Hospital Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Fatma Some
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Sanjin Spreckic
- Department of Hepatology, Institute for Gastroenterology, University Hospital Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Shiyun Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Julio Vorobioff
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology from the University of Rosario School of Medicine, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Andrew Wandera
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pengbo Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mohamed Yakoub
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanjie Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nerma Zahiragic
- Department of Hepatology, Institute for Gastroenterology, University Hospital Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Departmento de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Mwita C, Negesa R, Boeck M, Wandera A. Open abdomen management and outcomes: two case reports from western Kenya and a review of literature from Africa. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 32:33. [PMID: 31143338 PMCID: PMC6522152 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.33.17859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The open abdomen (OA) is clinically indicated for attenuating the effects of select intra-abdominal insults that may lead to high intra-abdominal pressure with fascial closure. Despite the high incidence of conditions warranting OA in Africa, there are few reports on its use and outcomes. A retrospective chart review was performed for two patients managed with an OA at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. For comparison, a literature review on related studies from Africa was performed. One patient had an anastomotic leak, while the other had a perforated gastric ulcer. A Bogotá bag was used for temporary abdominal content containment. There was no mortality in our series and fascial closure was achieved in one patient. Upon review of studies from Africa, overall mortality stood at 44%, while 25% of surviving patients underwent fascial closure. The use of OA in Africa is associated with high mortality and low rates of fascial closure. Our limited experience shows this technique is a viable treatment option in an attempt to bridge a patient to abdominal closure during critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Mwita
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.,Afya Research Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Negesa
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Marissa Boeck
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia, New York, United State of America
| | - Andrew Wandera
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
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College C, Feigal R, Wandera A, Strange M. Bilateral versus unilateral mandibular block anesthesia in a pediatric population. Pediatr Dent 2000; 22:453-7. [PMID: 11132502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective study aimed to evaluate unilateral versus bilateral mandibular nerve block anesthesia with regard to post-operative soft tissue trauma and other complications in a pediatric population. METHODS A total of 320 patients age 2 to 18 years were appointed for routine operative treatment. There were no age, gender, behavior, or general health exclusions. Oral and written post-operative instructions were given to parents, as well as a survey preview. A phone survey was conducted after treatment to determine a number of variables, including soft tissue trauma. RESULTS A total of 13% of all patients experienced post-operative soft tissue trauma. By age group, trauma frequency was 18% (< 4 yrs.), 16% (4-7 yrs.), 13% (8-11 yrs.) and 7% (> 12 yrs.). Comparing unilateral versus bilateral subjects as to trauma revealed that in the < 4 age group trauma was higher for the unilateral subjects (35% vs. 5%, P < .02). Non-significant trends showed increased trauma in unilateral groups at ages 8-11 and > 12 years. CONCLUSION This study represents the first documentation of post-anesthetic soft tissue trauma prevalence in a pediatric population. The results reveal no contraindication to the use of bilateral mandibular block anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C College
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, USA.
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Wandera A, Bhakta S, Barker T. Caries prediction and indicators using a pediatric risk assessment teaching tool. ASDC J Dent Child 2000; 67:408-12, 375. [PMID: 11204064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to determine both predictability and risk indicators in a young pediatric population seen in a dental school clinic using a Caries Risk Assessment teaching tool. Assigned risk categories and factors for 140 patients were analyzed for relationships with future caries development using Logistic Regression (p < 0.01) and Chi-square analysis (p < 0.05). Among the group developing caries, variables and disease were analyzed using ANOVA Independent Samples Test (p < 0.05). Assigned-risk categories were significantly predictive with odds ratios (OR) of Moderate- and High-risk developing new caries being 5.41 and 28.64 respectively when compared with Low-risk. Significant risk indicators were diet, oral hygiene and the presence of caries and decalcifications. The risk assessment tool used in this study predicted future caries development. Through this method of assessment, caries risk indicators in the population studied were determined to be diet, oral hygiene and past caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- University of Minnesota, Division of Orthodontics, USA
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6
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Wandera A. Anticipatory guidance in infant oral health. J Mich Dent Assoc 1998; 80:28, 55-9. [PMID: 9872076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, USA
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Wandera A. In vitro enamel effects of a resin-modified glass ionomer: fluoride uptake and resistance to demineralization. Pediatr Dent 1998; 20:411-7. [PMID: 9866145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of a resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative material on human enamel. METHODS Enamel specimens were restored with Photac-Fil, a resin-modified glass ionomer; Ketac-Fil, an autopolymerizing glass ionomer and silver amalgam. The samples were pH cycled and then subjected to an artificial caries challenge. Specimens were evaluated by fluoride microdrill biopsy and quantitative microradiography at 1, 2, and 3 mm from restorations. Data on fluoride content, lesion depth, and mineral content were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Student's t test, Neuman-Keuls procedure (multiple [pairwise] comparison), and Pearson's product-moment correlation tests. RESULTS There were significant differences in fluoride uptake, lesion depth, and mineral density between groups. Significant correlational relationships were also determined. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Photac-Fil and Ketac-Fil prevent in-vitro demineralization of enamel and suggests different mechanisms of action for each material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Wandera A, Feigal RJ, Green T. Preparation and beliefs of graduates of a predoctoral infant oral health clinical program. Pediatr Dent 1998; 20:331-5. [PMID: 9803433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a predoctoral clinical educational program on preparation and beliefs of participants related to infant oral health. METHODS Questionnaires were constructed and mailed out to four classes of past dental students, two of which had attended the program. RESULTS Significant differences were detected between groups regarding their feelings of preparation for examination procedures in children younger than 36 months and their beliefs regarding appropriate age of the initial dental visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
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9
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Moffitt CE, Wieliczka DM, Spencer P, Cole R, Wandera A. Equilibrium vapour pressure of mercury from dental amalgam under loading conditions. Biomaterials 1998; 19:1319-22. [PMID: 9758031 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies have failed to establish a consensus on the amount of mercury vapour released from dental amalgam restorations. The purpose of this study was to accurately and quantitatively measure the equilibrium mercury vapour pressure from dental amalgam. The vapour pressure was measured using a quartz crystal microbalance as a function of the load from 0-5.4 MPa. Auger spectra were collected of the as-formed and argon ion sputter cleaned dental amalgam surface. For the as-formed surface the mercury vapour density is zero with no load and increases to 0.6 microg m(-3) at 5.4 M Pa. Following cleaning the mercury, vapour density increased to a maximum value of 15 microg m(-3). The Auger spectra of the as-formed surfaces were dominated by features associated with carbon and oxygen. These spectral results in concert with the mercury vapour density measurements indicate that the oxide film on the as-formed surfaces inhibited the release of mercury vapour. The results of this experiment provide an upper limit for the amount of mercury vapour released by dental amalgams. Under conditions simulating the oral cavity this value would be reduced by oxides that form on the surface of dental amalgam restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Moffitt
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 64110, USA
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10
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Wandera A, Garcia G. Comparative in vitro microradiographic effects of resin-modified and autopolymerizing glass ionomers on demineralization of primary and permanent enamel. ASDC J Dent Child 1998; 65:239-43, 229. [PMID: 9740941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro effects of resin-modified and autopolymerizing glass ionomer restorative materials on demineralization of primary and permanent human enamel. Thirty primary and permanent enamel specimens measuring approximately 3 x 4 x 4 mm were sectioned and plano-paralleled before random placement of materials: Photac-Fil, a resin-modified glass ionomer; Ketac-Fil, an autopolymerizing glass ionomer; and Tytin, a silver amalgam. After incubation for twenty-four hours, the samples were pH cycled for eight hours at pH 5.0 and sixteen hours at pH 7.2 for a total of two weeks, all at 37 degrees C. The specimens were then subjected to an artificial caries challenge at pH 5.0 for 196 hours. The specimens were embeded in Epon 812 and incubated at 55 degrees C for thirty-six hours. Microsections were produced from each sample and subjected to microradiography and quantitative microdensitometry. Data on lesion depth and mineral content were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA and Student Newman-Keuls Pairwise Multiple Comparison tests. There were significant differences in lesion depth and mineral content between groups (p < 0.05) and between permanent and primary enamel. This study demonstrates that Photac-Fil and Ketac-Fil prevent in vitro demineralization at varying levels in primary and permanent enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- University of Michigan, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA
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11
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Bohaty B, Spencer P, Dunlap C, Wandera A. Epidermolysis bullosa: case report of appropriate classification of subtype because of an early dental exam. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1998; 22:243-5. [PMID: 9641100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a unique group of disorders that have blister formation as the common feature. Although there are many variants of this disorder, the subtypes are classified into three groups based upon the level of tissue separation that occurs after mechanical trauma is sustained by the skin. Specific subtypes of EB may have substantial involvement of extracutaneous areas such as the oral cavity and dentition. This case report demonstrates the importance of a dental examination at an early age in order to facilitate the correct subtyping of EB. For the very young patient, correct classification of the subtype of EB may be very important in identifying the severity of clinical features associated with the disorder, and with this information the patient and family may become better aware of potential complications of the disorder such as the dental defects described in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bohaty
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Dentistry 64108, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to acquire reliable quantitative data on mercury vapor pressure above the surface of dental amalgam samples in both the as-formed and the abraded state. METHODS The equilibrium vapor pressure of mercury from dental amalgam was obtained using residual gas analysis in conjunction with a quartz crystal microbalance. The measurements were performed under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. RESULTS Using the residual gas analyzer, the average mercury vapor pressures measured from the as-formed and abraded dental amalgam surfaces were 8 x 10(-7) and 1.7 x 10(-4) Pa, respectively. The corresponding vapor densities are: 6 x 10(-2) micrograms/m3 and 14 micrograms/m3. The average mercury vapor pressures measured from the as-formed and abraded dental amalgam surfaces using the quartz crystal microbalance were: 2.4 x 10(-6) and 1.0 x 10(-4) Pa, respectively. The corresponding vapor densities are: 0.2 microgram/m3 and 8 micrograms/m3. SIGNIFICANCE This project provides a measurement of the equilibrium vapor pressure of mercury from as-formed and abraded amalgam surfaces. By definition, the equilibrium vapor pressure provides the maximum density of mercury which can be present in the environment above the amalgam. The vapor density of mercury within the oral cavity must be less than this value due to the dynamic nature of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Wieliczka
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, USA
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Wandera A, Spencer P, Bohaty B. In vitro comparative fluoride release, and weight and volume change in light-curing and self-curing glass ionomer materials. Pediatr Dent 1996; 18:210-4. [PMID: 8784911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare in vitro fluoride release from and weight and volume changes of Photac-Fil, a light-curing polymaleinate restorative glass ionomer, with Ketac-Fil, a self-curing glass ionomer, and Ketac-Silver, a metal reinforced glass ionomer. Five discs of each material, measuring 2 mm height and 5 mm diameter, were suspended in separate vials of distilled water and laboratory artificial saliva. Fluoride release into the solutions was measured using a calibrated fluoride-sensitive ion meter initially at 24 hr and then weekly from 1 to 9 weeks. These results were evaluated statistically using repeated measures analysis of variance. Volumes and weights were recorded at the start and end of the experiment and analyzed using the paired t-test. Photac-Fil released similar amounts of fluoride to Ketac-Silver, but significantly less than Ketac-Fil in distilled water (P < or = 0.05). In artificial saliva, Photac-Fil released similar amounts to Ketac-Fil, but significantly more than Ketac-Silver (P < or = 0.05). Photac-Fil volume increased in distilled water and artificial saliva (P < or = 0.05) as did Ketac-Fil and Ketac-Silver in artificial saliva (P < or = 0.05). The only material that demonstrated significant net weight increase was Ketac-Silver in artificial saliva (P < or = 0.05). In summary, differences in fluoride release between these three glass ionomer materials varied as a function of the media in which they were stored. Whereas Ketac-Fil exhibited significantly greater fluoride release than the other materials in distilled water, in artificial saliva Ketac-Fil and Photac-Fil exhibited comparable fluoride release. Dimensional change, as evaluated by volume and weight differences, was also affected by storage media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, USA
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Wandera A, Walker PO. Bilateral pyogenic granuloma of the tongue in graft-versus-host disease: report of case. ASDC J Dent Child 1994; 61:401-403. [PMID: 7897014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor
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Wandera A, Feigal RJ, Douglas WH, Pintado MR. Home-use tooth bleaching agents: an in vitro study on quantitative effects on enamel, dentin, and cementum. Quintessence Int 1994; 25:541-6. [PMID: 7568701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies on home-use bleaching agents containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide demonstrate minimal topographic alteration and insignificant organic change to tooth material. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of a three-step commercial home-use bleaching agent on extracted human incisors over time. Each tooth was digitized by baseline and sequential profilometry and analyzed using computer software. Statistically significant volume loss was evident in cementum and dentin after simulations of 4 and 8 weeks of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Wandera A, Conry JP. Aspiration and ingestion of a foreign body during dental examination by a patient with spastic quadriparesis: case report. Pediatr Dent 1993; 15:362-3. [PMID: 7905620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wandera
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Wandera A, Opinya GN. Parental child abuse and neglect from a paediatric dental clinic: two case reports. East Afr Med J 1989; 66:293-9. [PMID: 2743913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A seven and twelve-year old boy and girl presented to the paediatric dental clinic seeking dental treatment. The boy had dental neglect with fearful and uncooperative behaviour; while the girl was defiant and had disruptive behaviour. The behaviour of the two children was extreme, and this helped the clinician to question child abuse. Both children were abused by close relatives and were both neglected by the parents. The conflicting history from the guardians about the behaviour of both children and the extreme behaviour patterns made the clinician suspect child abuse. There was a marked change of behaviour when these minors were accompanied by their respective parents for the dental treatment. Child abuse requires a multidisciplinary approach to detect, diagnose and protect the minor. In this instance the parents were made aware of the possibilities of child abuse. Fortunately, they recognised the problems and therefore came to the assistance of the children whose behaviour transformed and were able to undergo dental treatment without any difficulties.
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