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Burtscher J, Strasser B, Pepe G, Burtscher M, Kopp M, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Khamoui AV. Brain-Periphery Interactions in Huntington's Disease: Mediators and Lifestyle Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4696. [PMID: 38731912 PMCID: PMC11083237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prominent pathological features of Huntington's disease (HD) are aggregations of mutated Huntingtin protein (mHtt) in the brain and neurodegeneration, which causes characteristic motor (such as chorea and dystonia) and non-motor symptoms. However, the numerous systemic and peripheral deficits in HD have gained increasing attention recently, since those factors likely modulate disease progression, including brain pathology. While whole-body metabolic abnormalities and organ-specific pathologies in HD have been relatively well described, the potential mediators of compromised inter-organ communication in HD have been insufficiently characterized. Therefore, we applied an exploratory literature search to identify such mediators. Unsurprisingly, dysregulation of inflammatory factors, circulating mHtt, and many other messenger molecules (hormones, lipids, RNAs) were found that suggest impaired inter-organ communication, including of the gut-brain and muscle-brain axis. Based on these findings, we aimed to assess the risks and potentials of lifestyle interventions that are thought to improve communication across these axes: dietary strategies and exercise. We conclude that appropriate lifestyle interventions have great potential to reduce symptoms and potentially modify disease progression (possibly via improving inter-organ signaling) in HD. However, impaired systemic metabolism and peripheral symptoms warrant particular care in the design of dietary and exercise programs for people with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud Private University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Pepe
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.P.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Andy V. Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33458, USA;
- Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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2
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Gilmore LA, Parry TL, Thomas GA, Khamoui AV. Skeletal muscle omics signatures in cancer cachexia: perspectives and opportunities. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:30-42. [PMID: 37139970 PMCID: PMC10157770 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a life-threatening complication of cancer that occurs in up to 80% of patients with advanced cancer. Cachexia reflects the systemic consequences of cancer and prominently features unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Cachexia impairs cancer treatment tolerance, lowers quality of life, and contributes to cancer-related mortality. Effective treatments for cancer cachexia are lacking despite decades of research. High-throughput omics technologies are increasingly implemented in many fields including cancer cachexia to stimulate discovery of disease biology and inform therapy choice. In this paper, we present selected applications of omics technologies as tools to study skeletal muscle alterations in cancer cachexia. We discuss how comprehensive, omics-derived molecular profiles were used to discern muscle loss in cancer cachexia compared with other muscle-wasting conditions, to distinguish cancer cachexia from treatment-related muscle alterations, and to reveal severity-specific mechanisms during the progression of cancer cachexia from early toward severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Anne Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Traci L Parry
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Gwendolyn A Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
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3
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Burtscher J, Soltany A, Visavadiya NP, Burtscher M, Millet GP, Khoramipour K, Khamoui AV. Mitochondrial stress and mitokines in aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13770. [PMID: 36642986 PMCID: PMC9924952 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitokines are signaling molecules that enable communication of local mitochondrial stress to other mitochondria in distant cells and tissues. Among those molecules are FGF21, GDF15 (both expressed in the nucleus) and several mitochondrial-derived peptides, including humanin. Their responsiveness to mitochondrial stress induces mitokine-signaling in response for example to exercise, following mitochondrial challenges in skeletal muscle. Such signaling is emerging as an important mediator of exercise-derived and dietary strategy-related molecular and systemic health benefits, including healthy aging. A compensatory increase in mitokine synthesis and secretion could preserve mitochondrial function and overall cellular vitality. Conversely, resistance against mitokine actions may also develop. Alterations of mitokine-levels, and therefore of mitokine-related inter-tissue cross talk, are associated with general aging processes and could influence the development of age-related chronic metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological diseases; whether these changes contribute to aging or represent "rescue factors" remains to be conclusively shown. The aim of the present review is to summarize the expanding knowledge on mitokines, the potential to modulate them by lifestyle and their involvement in aging and age-related diseases. We highlight the importance of well-balanced mitokine-levels, the preventive and therapeutic properties of maintaining mitokine homeostasis and sensitivity of mitokine signaling but also the risks arising from the dysregulation of mitokines. While reduced mitokine levels may impair inter-organ crosstalk, also excessive mitokine concentrations can have deleterious consequences and are associated with conditions such as cancer and heart failure. Preservation of healthy mitokine signaling levels can be achieved by regular exercise and is associated with an increased lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Afsaneh Soltany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ShirazShirazIran
| | - Nishant P. Visavadiya
- Department of Exercise Science and Health PromotionFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFloridaUSA
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport ScienceUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Afzalipour School of MedicineKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Andy V. Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health PromotionFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFloridaUSA
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4
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Khamoui AV, Tokmina-Roszyk D, Feresin RG, Fields GB, Visavadiya NP. Skeletal muscle proteome expression differentiates severity of cancer cachexia in mice and identifies loss of fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 1. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100157. [PMID: 35289490 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TMT-based quantitative proteomics was used to examine protein expression in skeletal muscle from mice with moderate and severe cancer cachexia to study mechanisms underlying varied cachexia severity. Weight loss of 10% (moderate) and 20% (severe) was induced by injection of colon-26 cancer cells in 10-week old Balb/c mice. In moderate cachexia, enriched pathways reflected fibrin formation, integrin/MAPK signaling, and innate immune system, suggesting an acute phase response and fibrosis. These pathways remained enriched in severe cachexia, however, energy-yielding pathways housed in mitochondria were prominent additions to the severe state. These enrichments suggest distinct muscle proteome expression patterns that differentiate cachexia severity. When analyzed with two other mouse models, eight differentially expressed targets were shared including Serpina3n, Sypl2, Idh3a, Acox1, Col6a1, Myoz3, Ugp2, and Slc41a3. Acox1 and Idh3a control lipid oxidation and NADH generation in the TCA cycle, respectively, and Col6a1 comprises part of type VI collagen with reported profibrotic functions, suggesting influential roles in cachexia. A potential target was identified in FXR1, an RNA-binding protein not previously implicated in cancer cachexia. FXR1 decreased in cachexia and related linearly with weight change and myofiber size. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms associated with cachexia severity and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Dorota Tokmina-Roszyk
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Gregg B Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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5
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Visavadiya NP, Rossiter HB, Khamoui AV. Distinct glycolytic pathway regulation in liver, tumour and skeletal muscle of mice with cancer cachexia. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:802-812. [PMID: 34129243 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Energetically inefficient inter-organ substrate shuttles are proposed contributors to cachexia-related weight loss. Here, we examined glycolytic pathway metabolites, enzyme activity and transport proteins in skeletal muscle, liver and tumours of mice with cachexia-related weight loss induced by colon-26 cancer cells. Skeletal muscle of cachexic mice had increased [L-lactate]/[pyruvate], LDH activity and lactate transporter MCT1. Cachexic livers also showed increased MCT1. This is consistent with the proposal that the rate of muscle-derived lactate shuttling to liver for use in gluconeogenesis is increased, that is, an increased Cori cycle flux in weight-losing cachexic mice. A second shuttle between liver and tumour may also contribute to disrupted energy balance and weight loss. We found increased high-affinity glucose transporter GLUT1 in tumours, suggesting active glucose uptake, tumour MCT1 detection and decreased intratumour [L-lactate]/[pyruvate], implying increased lactate efflux and/or intratumour lactate oxidation. Last, high [L-lactate]/[pyruvate] and MCT1 in cachexic muscle provides a potential muscle-derived lactate supply for the tumour (a 'reverse Warburg effect'), supporting tumour growth and consequent cachexia. Our findings suggest several substrate shuttles among liver, skeletal muscle and tumour contribute to metabolic disruption and weight loss. Therapies that aim to normalize dysregulated substrate shuttling among energy-regulating tissues may alleviate unintended weight loss in cancer cachexia. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Cachexia is a serious complication of cancer characterized by severe weight loss, muscle atrophy and frailty. Cachexia occurs in roughly half of all cancer patients, and in up to 80% of patients with advanced disease. Cachexia independently worsens patient prognosis, lowers treatment efficacy, increases hospitalization cost and length of stay, and accounts for 20-30% of cancer-related deaths. There are no effective treatments. Our findings suggest several substrate shuttles among liver, skeletal muscle and tumour contribute to metabolic disruption and weight loss in cancer cachexia. Identifying therapies that normalize dysregulated substrate shuttling among energy-regulating tissues may protect against cachexia-related weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant P Visavadiya
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.,Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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6
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Robinson ZP, Johnson TK, Belcher DJ, Sousa CA, Carzoli JP, Visavadiya NP, Khamoui AV, Whitehurst M, Zourdos MC. Acute Resistance Exercise Elicits Bdnf But Not Cathepsin B In Well-trained Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000683748.22146.7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Johnson TK, Belcher DJ, Sousa CA, Carzoli JP, Visavadiya NP, Khamoui AV, Whitehurst M, Zourdos MC. Low-volume acute multi-joint resistance exercise elicits a circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor response but not a cathepsin B response in well-trained men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1332-1338. [PMID: 32531180 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined if acute multi-joint resistance exercises (RE; back squat, bench press, and deadlift) to volitional failure elicited a postexercise increase in the circulating response of biomarkers associated with neuroprotection. Thirteen males (age: 24.5 ± 3.8 years, body mass: 84.01 ± 15.44 kg, height: 173.43 ± 8.57 cm, training age: 7.1 ± 4.2 years) performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of a 1-repetition maximum on the squat, bench press, and deadlift in successive weeks. The measured biomarkers were brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), cathepsin B (CatB), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Biomarkers were assessed immediately before and 10-min after exercise. There was a main time effect (pre-exercise: 24.00 ± 0.61 to postexercise: 27.38 ± 0.48 ng/mL; p < 0.01) for BDNF with increases in the deadlift (p = 0.01) and bench press (p = 0.01) conditions, but not in the squat condition (p = 0.21). There was a main time effect (pre-exercise: 0.87 ± 0.16 to postexercise: 2.03 ± 0.32 pg/mL; p < 0.01) for IL-6 with a significant increase in the squat (p < 0.01), but not the bench press (p = 0.88) and deadlift conditions (p = 0.24). No main time effect was observed for either CatB (p = 0.62) or IGF-1 (p = 0.56). In summary, acute multi-joint RE increases circulating BDNF. Further, this investigation is the first to report the lack of a transient change of CatB to an acute RE protocol. Novelty Low-volume RE to failure can increase BDNF. Resistance training does not confer an acute Cat B response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor K Johnson
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Daniel J Belcher
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Colby A Sousa
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Joseph P Carzoli
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael Whitehurst
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael C Zourdos
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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8
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Quiles JM, Klemp A, Dolan C, Maharaj A, Huang CJ, Khamoui AV, Trexler ET, Whitehurst M, Zourdos MC. Impact of resistance training program configuration on the circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor response. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:667-674. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the acute and resting changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inteleukin-6 (IL-6) and if changes in these biomarkers were correlated during resistance training (RT). Fifteen men with ≥2 years of RT experience (age: 23 ± 3 years, body mass: 84.4 ± 12.3 kg) participated. Subjects performed RT 3×/week for 6 weeks in either a high-repetition (HR; n = 8) or low-repetition (LR; n = 7) group. Protocols during week 1 were HR – Monday: 4 (sets) × 12 (repetitions) at 60% of 1-repetition maximum, Wednesday: 4 × 10 at 65%, Friday: 5 × 8 at 70%; LR – Monday: 8 × 6 at 75%, Wednesday 9 × 4 at 80%, Friday: 10 × 2 at 85%. Total volume was equated for the 6 weeks but not for individual sessions. Greater volume and intensity were performed in LR versus HR (p < 0.01) on Mondays. Plasma was collected immediately before and after exercise of the Monday session. There were no significant interactions or main effects for BDNF (p > 0.05). There was a moderate between-group effect size (0.57) in favor of LR in week 6, suggesting a potentially greater acute increase in BDNF in LR versus HR. For IL-6, a statistically significant main effect was observed for training (p < 0.0001), showing an acute increase in IL-6 in both weeks (p < 0.01); however, no other 3-way or 2-way interactions existed (p > 0.05). A minimum volume threshold of RT may be needed to induce acute elevations in BDNF. Novelty A minimum RT volume threshold may be needed to elicit BDNF. A close proximity to failure may be needed to elicit BDNF. BDNF and IL-6 did not correlate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Quiles
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Alex Klemp
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Chad Dolan
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Andy V. Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | | | - Michael Whitehurst
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael C. Zourdos
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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9
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Khamoui AV, Tokmina-Roszyk D, Rossiter HB, Fields GB, Visavadiya NP. Hepatic proteome analysis reveals altered mitochondrial metabolism and suppressed acyl-CoA synthetase-1 in colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:203-216. [PMID: 32146873 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00124.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a life-threatening complication of cancer traditionally characterized by weight loss and muscle dysfunction. Cachexia, however, is a systemic disease that also involves remodeling of nonmuscle organs. The liver exerts major control over systemic metabolism, yet its role in cancer cachexia is not well understood. To advance the understanding of how the liver contributes to cancer cachexia, we used quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics to identify hepatic pathways and cellular processes dysregulated in mice with moderate and severe colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia; ~300 differentially expressed proteins identified during the induction of moderate cachexia were also differentially regulated in the transition to severe cachexia. KEGG pathway enrichment revealed representation by oxidative phosphorylation, indicating altered hepatic mitochondrial function as a common feature across cachexia severity. Glycogen catabolism was also observed in cachexic livers along with decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component (Pdhx), increased lactate dehydrogenase A chain (Ldha), and increased lactate transporter Mct1. Together this suggests altered lactate metabolism and transport in cachexic livers, which may contribute to energetically inefficient interorgan lactate cycling. Acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACSL1), known for activating long-chain fatty acids, was decreased in moderate and severe cachexia based on LC-MS/MS analysis and immunoblotting. ACSL1 showed strong linear relationships with percent body weight change and muscle fiber size (R2 = 0.73-0.76, P < 0.01). Mitochondrial coupling efficiency, which is compromised in cachexic livers to potentially increase energy expenditure and weight loss, also showed a linear relationship with ACSL1. Findings suggest altered mitochondrial and substrate metabolism of the liver in cancer cachexia, and possible hepatic targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.,Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Dorota Tokmina-Roszyk
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
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10
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Carzoli JP, Sousa CA, Belcher DJ, Helms ER, Khamoui AV, Whitehurst M, Zourdos MC. The effects of eccentric phase duration on concentric outcomes in the back squat and bench press in well-trained males. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2676-2684. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1655131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Carzoli
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Colby A. Sousa
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J. Belcher
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Eric R. Helms
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andy V. Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Michael Whitehurst
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Michael C. Zourdos
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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11
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Lee SR, Jo E, Khamoui AV. Chronic Fish Oil Consumption with Resistance Training Improves Grip Strength, Physical Function, and Blood Pressure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7070167. [PMID: 31323951 PMCID: PMC6680896 DOI: 10.3390/sports7070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil (FO) has received great attention for its health-enhancing properties. However, its potential synergistic effects with resistance training (RT) are not well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of FO supplementation during 12-weeks of RT on handgrip strength, physical function, and blood pressure (BP) in community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-eight healthy older adults (10 males, 18 females; 66.5 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CON), resistance training (RT), resistance training with FO (RTFO). Handgrip strength, physical function [five times sit-to-stand (5T-STS), timed up and go (TUG), 6-m walk (6MW), 30-s sit-to-stand (30S-STS)], and BP were measured pre- and post-intervention. ANOVA was used with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Handgrip strength significantly increased in RT (+5.3%) and RTFO (+9.4%) but decreased in CON (−3.9%). All physical function outcomes increased in RT and RTFO. CON exhibited significantly decreased TUG and 30S-STS with no change in 5T-STS and 6MW. BP substantially decreased only in RTFO, systolic blood pressure (−7.8 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−4.5 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (−5.6 mmHg), while no change was found in CON and RT. Chronic RT enhanced strength and physical function, while FO consumption combined with RT improved BP in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Dance, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Edward Jo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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12
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Juber M, Carzoli JP, Sousa CA, Belcher DJ, Helms ER, Khamoui AV, Whitehurst M, Zourdos MC. TheEffects of Eccentric Duration on Squat and Bench Press Concentric Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000560631.22089.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Castro AJ, Pena GS, Paez HG, Halle JL, Visavadiya NP, Zourdos MC, Whitehurst MA, Khamoui AV. Mitochondrial Ant2 And Ucp2 Expression In Mouse Liver During Colon-26 Tumor-induced Cachexia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562014.31792.bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Halle JL, Pena GS, Paez HG, Castro AJ, Rossiter HB, Visavadiya NP, Whitehurst MA, Khamoui AV. Tissue-specific dysregulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control in colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R68-R82. [PMID: 31017805 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00028.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In addition to skeletal muscle dysfunction, cancer cachexia is a systemic disease involving remodeling of nonmuscle organs such as adipose and liver. Impairment of mitochondrial function is associated with multiple chronic diseases. The tissue-specific control of mitochondrial function in cancer cachexia is not well defined. This study determined mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control of skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and liver in colon-26 (C26) tumor-induced cachexia. Tissues were collected from PBS-injected weight-stable mice, C26 weight-stable mice and C26 mice with moderate (10% weight loss) and severe cachexia (20% weight loss). The respiratory control ratio [(RCR) an index of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) coupling efficiency] was low in WAT during the induction of cachexia because of high nonphosphorylating LEAK respiration. Liver RCR was low in C26 weight-stable and moderately cachexic mice because of reduced OXPHOS. Liver RCR was further reduced with severe cachexia, where Ant2 but not Ucp2 expression was increased. Ant2 was inversely correlated with RCR in the liver (r = -0.547, P < 0.01). Liver cardiolipin increased in moderate and severe cachexia, suggesting this early event may also contribute to mitochondrial uncoupling. Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration occurred predominantly in severe cachexia, at complex I. These findings suggest that mitochondrial function is subject to tissue-specific control during cancer cachexia, whereby remodeling in WAT and liver arise early and may contribute to altered energy balance, followed by impaired skeletal muscle respiration. We highlight an under-recognized role of liver and WAT mitochondrial function in cancer cachexia and suggest mitochondrial function of multiple tissues to be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Halle
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Hector G Paez
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Adrianna J Castro
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center , Torrance, California.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Michael A Whitehurst
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida
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Pena GS, Halle JL, Carzoli JP, Paez HG, Zourdos MC, Whitehurst M, Khamoui AV. Time-Dependent Alterations in Liver and Adipose Mitochondrial Respiration During Colon-26 Cancer Cachexia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535786.87585.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Halle JL, Pena GS, Paez HG, Carzoli JP, Zourdos MC, Whitehurst M, Khamoui AV. Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity and Coupling Control of Skeletal Muscle in Colon-26 Tumor-Induced Cachexia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535732.23084.f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Jo E, Worts PR, Elam ML, Brown AF, Khamoui AV, Kim DH, Yeh MC, Ormsbee MJ, Prado CM, Cain A, Snyder K, Kim JS. Resistance training during a 12-week protein supplemented VLCD treatment enhances weight-loss outcomes in obese patients. Clin Nutr 2017; 38:372-382. [PMID: 29352654 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation evaluated the efficacy by which resistance training enhances body composition, metabolic, and functional outcomes for obese patients undergoing a 12-week medically supervised hypocaloric treatment. METHODS This was a single-blind, randomized, parallel-group prospective trial. Morbidly obese patients were prescribed a 12-week proprietary very low calorie diet (VLCD) treatment (Optifast®) with supplemental protein (1120 kcals/day) and were placed in one of two groups for 14 weeks: 1) Standard Treatment Control (CON) (n = 5) or 2) Resistance Training (RT) (n = 6). Both groups underwent a pedometer-based walking program; however only RT performed resistance training 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), neuromuscular function, and serum biomarkers were measured at weeks 0, 6, and 13. RESULTS Both groups exhibited a significant loss of total body mass (TBM) (CON: -19.4 ± 2.3 kg, p = 0.0009 vs. RT: -15.8 ± 1.5 kg, p = 0.0002) and fat mass (FM) (CON: -14.7 ± 1.8 kg, p = 0.0002 vs. RT: -15.1 ± 2.1 kg, p = 0.0002) with no group differences. CON lost 4.6 ± 0.8 kg (p = 0.004) of lean mass (LM) while RT demonstrated no changes. Group differences were found for the relative proportion of total weight-loss due to FM-loss (CON: 75.6 ± 3.4% vs. RT: 96.0 ± 6.0%, p = 0.03) and LM-loss (CON: 24.4 ± 3.2% vs. RT: 4.0 ± 6.5%, p = 0.03). CON demonstrated a 328.6 ± 72.7 kcal/day (-14.3 ± 2.4%) (p = 0.02) decrease in REE while RT exhibited a non-significant decrease of 4.6 ± 1.6% (p = 0.78). RT demonstrated greater improvements in all measures of contractile function and strength when compared to CON (p < 0.05). At post-treatment, RT exhibited greater serum free fatty acids (p = 0.01), glycerol (p = 0.003), and β-hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.005) than CON. CONCLUSION Resistance training was advantageous for weight-loss composition by preservation of LM without compromising overall weight- or fat-loss in morbidly obese men and women undergoing a protein supplemented VLCD. These changes accompanied positive adaptations for resting metabolism and muscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Jo
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Phillip R Worts
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Marcus L Elam
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Ann Frost Brown
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Do-Houn Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ming-Chia Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael J Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Katie Snyder
- Tallahassee Memorial Hospital, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Lee SR, Khamoui AV, Jo E, Zourdos MC, Panton LB, Ormsbee MJ, Kim JS. Effect of conjugated linoleic acids and omega-3 fatty acids with or without resistance training on muscle mass in high-fat diet-fed middle-aged mice. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1500-1512. [PMID: 28795443 DOI: 10.1113/ep086317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? This study examined the effects of 20 weeks of administration of conjugated linoleic acids/omega-3 fatty acids with or without programed resistance exercise training on body composition, skeletal muscle properties and functional capacity in middle-aged mice fed a high-fat diet. What is the main finding and its importance? Chronic daily administration of conjugated linoleic acids/omega-3 fatty acids with resistance exercise training can help to blunt fat gain, alleviate loss of myogenic capacity and sensorimotor function and lower tissue inflammation in middle-aged mice during chronic high-fat diet-induced catabolism. This study investigated the effects of 20 weeks of combined conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)/omega-3 fatty acid (n-3) administration independently or combined with resistance exercise training (RET) on skeletal muscle in middle-aged mice consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Nine-month-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four experimental groups (H, high-fat diet; HE, H + RET; HCN, H + CLA/n-3; and HECN, H + CLA/n3 + RET). Body composition and functional capacity were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Muscle tissues were collected at 14 months of age. ANOVA was used, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Fat mass significantly increased in H (+74%), HE (+142%) and HECN (+43%) but not in HCN. Muscle wet weights were significantly lower in H and HCN than in HE and HECN. Grip strength substantially declined in H (-15%) and HCN (-17%), whereas sensorimotor function significantly declined only in H (-11%). HECN exhibited improvement in strength (+22%) and sensorimotor coordination (+17%). In comparison to H, muscle tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA expression was significantly lower in HE (-39%), HCN (-24%) and HECN (-21%), respectively. Mean myofibre cross-sectional areas were markedly lower in H and HCN than in HE and HECN. H showed significantly lower satellite cell abundance and numbers of myonuclei than all other groups. Our findings suggest that long-term daily CLA/n-3 intake with resistance training improved sensorimotor function, ameliorated fat gain and prevented loss of myogenic capacity while lowering tumour necrosis factor-α expression during chronic HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Dance, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Edward Jo
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Zourdos
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Lynn B Panton
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael J Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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19
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Rana A, Oliveira MP, Khamoui AV, Aparicio R, Rera M, Rossiter HB, Walker DW. Promoting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in midlife prolongs healthy lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2017; 8:448. [PMID: 28878259 PMCID: PMC5587646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria has been implicated in aging, but a deeper understanding of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy during aging is missing. Here, we show that upregulating Drp1—a Dynamin-related protein that promotes mitochondrial fission—in midlife, prolongs Drosophila lifespan and healthspan. We find that short-term induction of Drp1, in midlife, is sufficient to improve organismal health and prolong lifespan, and observe a midlife shift toward a more elongated mitochondrial morphology, which is linked to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in aged flight muscle. Promoting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, in midlife, facilitates mitophagy and improves both mitochondrial respiratory function and proteostasis in aged flies. Finally, we show that autophagy is required for the anti-aging effects of midlife Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Our findings indicate that interventions that promote mitochondrial fission could delay the onset of pathology and mortality in mammals when applied in midlife. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are important mechanisms to maintain mitochondrial function. Here, the authors report that middle-aged flies have more elongated, or ‘hyper-fused’ mitochondria, and show that induction of mitochondrial fission in midlife, but not in early life, extends the health and life of flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Rana
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matheus P Oliveira
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Instituto de Bioquimica Medica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.,Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Ricardo Aparicio
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael Rera
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Laboratory of Degenerative Processes, Stress and Aging, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David W Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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20
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Zourdos MC, Bazyler CD, Jo E, Khamoui AV, Park BS, Lee SR, Panton LB, Kim JS. Impact of a Submaximal Warm-Up on Endurance Performance in Highly Trained and Competitive Male Runners. Res Q Exerc Sport 2017; 88:114-119. [PMID: 27636554 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1224294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a submaximal running warm-up on running performance in male endurance athletes (n = 16, Mage = 21 ± 2 years, MVO2max = 69.3 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min). METHOD Endurance performance was determined by a 30-min distance trial after control and submaximal running warm-up conditions in a randomized crossover fashion. The warm-up began with 5 min of quiet sitting, followed by 6 min of submaximal running split into 2-min intervals at speeds corresponding to 45%, 55%, and 65% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). A 2-min walk at 3.2 km/hr concluded the 13-min warm-up protocol. For the control condition, participants sat quietly for 13 min. VO2 and heart rate (HR) were determined at Minutes 0, 5, and 13 of the pre-exercise protocol in each condition. RESULTS At the end of 13 min prior to the distance trial, mean VO2 (warm-up = 14.1 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min vs. control = 5.5 ± 1.7 mL/kg/min) and mean HR (warm-up = 105 ± 11 bpm vs. control = 67 ± 11 bpm) were statistically greater (p < .001) in the warm-up condition compared with the control condition. The distance run did not statistically differ (p = .37) between the warm-up (7.8 ± 0.5 km) and control (7.7 ± 0.6 km) conditions; however, effect size calculation revealed a small effect (d = 0.2) in favor of the warm-up condition. Thus, the warm-up employed may have important and practical implications to determine placing among high-level athletes in close races. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a submaximal running warm-up may have a small but critical effect on a 30-min distance trial in competitive endurance athletes. Further, the warm-up elicited increases in physiological variables VO2 and HR prior to performance; thus, a submaximal specific warm-up should warrant consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward Jo
- c California State Polytechnic University , Pomona
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21
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Park BS, Khamoui AV, Brown LE, Kim DY, Han KA, Min KW, An GH. Effects of Elastic Band Resistance Training on Glucose Control, Body Composition, and Physical Function in Women With Short- vs. Long-Duration Type-2 Diabetes. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:1688-99. [PMID: 26562712 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the existing duration of type-2 diabetes influenced patient responses to progressive resistance training. Twenty-six women with type-2 diabetes were stratified into short- (3 ± 2 years; n = 12) or long-standing (10 ± 3 years; n = 14) disease groups. Patients participated in a high daily or high weekly frequency elastic band resistance training program that consisted of 2 daily sessions, 5 d·wk for 12 weeks. Glucose control, body composition, and physical function were evaluated pre- and posttraining. No significant diabetes duration × training interactions were detected for blood markers of glucose control (p > 0.05); however, there were significant main effects of training driven by comparable improvements in both cohorts (hemoglobin A1c, -13 to 18%; fasting glucose, -23 to 31%; postprandial glucose, -36 to 40%; insulin, -34 to 40%; C-peptide, -38 to 51%; p ≤ 0.05). Anthropometrics and body composition were also favorably modified in both the groups after training (weight, -5 to 9%; body mass index, -6 to 9%; waist-to-hip ratio, -3 to 5%; percent fat, -14 to 20%; p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, indices of physical function improved in both the groups after training (bicep curl repetitions, +15-33%; sit-and-stand repetitions, +45-47%; p ≤ 0.05). A few exceptions were noted in which patients with long-standing disease demonstrated greater pre-to-post gains (p ≤ 0.05) in grip strength (+11-13%) and peak exercise time (+19%) and load (+21%) during graded exercise, whereas those with shorter disease duration did not. Overall, these data suggest that patients with a long history of diabetes respond positively to resistance training and in a manner comparable to their recently diagnosed counterparts. Therefore, current inactivity in patients with long-standing disease should not deter from beginning an exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Sup Park
- 1Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; 2Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; 3Department of Kinesiology, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California; 4Department of Physical Education, Inha University, Incheon, Korea; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea; and 6Department of Sports Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Korea
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Zourdos MC, Jo E, Khamoui AV, Lee SR, Park BS, Ormsbee MJ, Panton LB, Contreras RJ, Kim JS. Modified Daily Undulating Periodization Model Produces Greater Performance Than a Traditional Configuration in Powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:784-91. [PMID: 26332783 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to compare 2 daily undulating periodization (DUP) models on one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength in the squat, bench press, deadlift, total volume (TV) lifted, and temporal hormone response. Eighteen male, college-aged (21.1 ± 1.9 years) powerlifters participated in this study and were assigned to one of 2 groups: (a) traditional DUP training with a weekly training order: hypertrophy-specific, strength-specific, and power-specific training (HSP, n = 9) or (b) modified DUP training with a weekly training order: hypertrophy-specific, power-specific, and strength-specific training (HPS, n = 9). Both groups trained 3 nonconsecutive days per week for 6 weeks and performed the squat, bench press, and deadlift exercises. During hypertrophy and power sessions, subjects performed a fixed number of sets and repetitions but performed repetitions until failure at a given percentage during strength sessions to compare TV. Testosterone and cortisol were measured at pretesting and posttesting and before each strength-specific day. Hypertrophy, power, and strength produced greater TV in squat and bench press (p ≤ 0.05) than HSP, but not for deadlift (p > 0.05). For squat and deadlift, there was no difference between groups for 1RM (p > 0.05); however, HPS exhibited greater increases in 1RM bench press than HSP (p ≤ 0.05). Effect sizes (ES) showed meaningful differences (ES > 0.50) in favor of HPS for squat and bench press 1RM. Testosterone decreased (p ≤ 0.05) at weeks 5 and 6 and cortisol decline at weeks 3 and 4. However, neither hormone was different at posttesting compared with pretesting (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that an HPS configuration of DUP has enhanced performance benefits compared with HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Zourdos
- 1Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, Florida; 2Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Human Performance Research Laboratory, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, California; 3Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; 4Department of Kinesiology and Dance, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; and 5College of Arts and Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Khamoui AV, Desai M, Ross MG, Rossiter HB. Maternal Obesity Programs Offspring Muscle Mitochondrial Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487246.78809.b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Khamoui AV, Park BS, Kim DH, Yeh MC, Oh SL, Elam ML, Jo E, Arjmandi BH, Salazar G, Grant SC, Contreras RJ, Lee WJ, Kim JS. Aerobic and resistance training dependent skeletal muscle plasticity in the colon-26 murine model of cancer cachexia. Metabolism 2016; 65:685-698. [PMID: 27085776 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The appropriate mode of exercise training for cancer cachexia is not well-established. Using the colon-26 (C26) mouse model of cancer cachexia, we defined and compared the skeletal muscle responses to aerobic and resistance training. METHODS Twelve-month old Balb/c mice were initially assigned to control, aerobic training (AT; wheel running), or resistance training (RT; ladder climbing) (n=16-17/group). After 8weeks of training, half of each group was injected with C26 tumor cells, followed by 3 additional weeks of training. Body composition and neuromuscular function was evaluated pre- and post-training. Muscles were collected post-training and analyzed for fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), Akt-mTOR signaling, and expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and myogenic regulatory factors. RESULTS Total body mass decreased (p<0.05) in C26 (-8%), AT+C26 (-18%), and RT+C26 (-15%) but not control. Sensorimotor function declined (p<0.05) in control (-16%), C26 (-13%), and RT+C26 (-23%) but not AT+C26. Similarly, strength/body weight decreased (p<0.05) in control (-7%), C26 (-21%), and RT+C26 (-10%) but not AT+C26. Gastrocnemius mass/body weight tended to be greater in AT+C26 vs. C26 (+6%, p=0.09). Enlargement of the spleen was partially corrected in AT+C26 (-27% vs. C26, p<0.05). Fiber CSA was lower in all C26 groups vs. control (-32% to 46%, p<0.05); however, the effect size calculated from C26 and AT+C26 was large (+24%, d=1.04). Phosphorylated levels of mTOR in AT+C26 exceeded C26 (+32%, p<0.05). RT+C26 showed greater mRNA expression (p<0.05) of IGF-IEa (+79%) and myogenin (+126%) with a strong tendency for greater IGF-IEb (+127%, p=0.069) vs. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic or resistance training was unable to prevent tumor-induced body weight loss. However, aerobic training may have preserved function, reduced the inflammatory response of the spleen, and marginally rescued muscle mass possibly through activation of mTOR. Aerobic training may therefore have therapeutic value for patients with cancer cachexia. In contrast, resistance training induced the expression of genes associated with muscle damage and repair. This gene response may be supportive of excessive stress generated by high resistance loading in a tumor-bearing state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Bong-Sup Park
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Do-Houn Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ming-Chia Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Seung-Lyul Oh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Marcus L Elam
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Edward Jo
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Bahram H Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Contreras
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Exercise Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Zourdos MC, Henning PC, Jo E, Khamoui AV, Lee SR, Park YM, Naimo M, Panton LB, Nosaka K, Kim JS. Repeated Bout Effect in Muscle-Specific Exercise Variations. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:2270-6. [PMID: 25647658 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A single bout of unaccustomed exercise confers protective effect against muscle damage from a subsequent bout of similar activity, that is, repeated bout effect (RBE). It remains unknown whether varying muscle-specific exercise between sessions alters the magnitude of the RBE. This study examined the effects of muscle-specific exercise variation between consecutive sessions on the RBE. Twenty untrained males (21 ± 2 years) were assigned to one of 2 groups (n = 10 per group): (a) 2 sessions of incline curls, Fixed Exercise or (b) 1 session of incline curls followed by 1 session of preacher curls, Varied Exercise, with 7 days between sessions. Subjects performed 5 sets of 6 repetitions at ∼50% of maximal isometric elbow flexor strength during each session. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic torque, range of motion, muscle soreness, and serum creatine kinase were measured before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after each exercise session, and the changes were compared between bouts and between groups. There were significant time effects (p < 0.05) for isometric maximal voluntary contraction, concentric maximal voluntary contraction, range of motion, and muscle soreness during sessions 1 and 2 with no between-group differences. Both groups demonstrated a significantly faster recovery of range of motion and soreness to baseline levels after session 2 compared with session 1. Overall, our findings suggest that incline curls conferred a protective effect during subsequent preacher curls in a similar way to repeating incline curls; therefore, the RBE was not exercise specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Zourdos
- 1Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; 2Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts; 3Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California; 4Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; 5Department of Health and Sport Sciences, The University and Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; 6Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and 7School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Khamoui AV, Kim DH, Yeh MC, Park BS, Oh SL, Elam ML, Worts PR, Jo E, Myers CM, Arjmandi BH, Salazar G, McCarthy DO, Kim JS. Aerobic and Resistance Training Effects on Skeletal Muscle Plasticity in Colon-26 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478479.46309.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jo E, Ormsbee MJ, Cain A, Snyder K, Elam M, Yeh MC, Worts P, Khamoui AV, Kim DH, Prado CM, Smith D, Brown AF, Kim JS. The Clinical Application of Periodized Resistance Training during a 12-Week Hypocaloric Treatment for Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478462.98781.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Park BS, Khamoui AV, Brown LE, Kim DY, Han KA, Min KW, An GH. Does disease duration influence the exercise training responses of patients with type 2 diabetes? J Res Med Sci 2015; 20:105-6. [PMID: 25767532 PMCID: PMC4354057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Sup Park
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Andy V. Khamoui
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lee E. Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Do-Youn Kim
- Department of Physical Education, INHA University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Geun-Hee An
- Department of Sports Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Korea,Address for correspondence: Dr. Geun-Hee An, Department of Sports Science, Daejin University, Hogukro 1007, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do - 487 711, Korea. E-mail:
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Oh SL, Lee SR, Khamoui AV, Jo E, Park BS, Ormsbee MJ, Panton LB, Kim DH, Yeh MC, Lee WJ, Kim JS. Effects Of CLA/n-3 and Resistance Training on Muscle Quality in Middle-aged Mice During High-fat Diet. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495233.08381.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jo E, Cain A, Prado CM, Ormsbee MJ, Arjmandi BH, Snyder K, Smith D, Khamoui AV, Yeh MC, Kim DH, Park BS, Oh SL, Kim JS. A Single-Center Evaluation of a Proprietary Hypocaloric Treatment for Morbid Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495354.89012.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim JS, Khamoui AV, Jo E, Park BS, Lee WJ. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate as a countermeasure for cancer cachexia: a cellular and molecular rationale. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 13:1188-96. [PMID: 23919746 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113139990321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening condition characterized by involuntary body weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. In addition to being associated with poor prognosis and reduced survival, patients with cachexia exhibit a critical loss of physical function that impinges upon their ability to perform basic activities of daily living. Consequently, there is a loss of independence and a drastically reduced quality of life. Despite being a major unmet medical need of patients, very few treatment options exist. Maintaining muscle mass represents an important objective in the cancer patient trajectory not only because it relates to one's capacity to perform activities of daily living, but also because muscle preservation may be a critical determinant of survival while in a tumor-bearing state. In this regard, research has been directed towards identifying countermeasures effective in preserving muscle. With respect to nutritional approaches, administration of the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) could be a viable component in multi-modal therapies targeting cancer cachexia. Evidence suggests that HMB treatment promotes regenerative events (i.e. myogenic program), suppresses protein degradation, and activates signaling pathways preceding protein synthesis and skeletal muscle growth. HMB therefore, could conceivably act on key regulatory events driving cancer cachexia, thereby favoring muscle growth/preservation. In this review, we take a mechanistic approach in making a case for the use of HMB provision as a possible therapeutic strategy for cancer cachexia by highlighting the cellular and molecular aspects of HMB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, 432 Sandels Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1493, USA.
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Park B, Henning PC, Khamoui AV, Jo E, Lee S, Zourdos MC, Kim D, Yeh M, Kim J. HMB Attenuates A Loss of Myofiber Cross‐Sectional Area during Prolonged Exercise with Calorie Restriction by Enhancing Regenerative Capacity. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1076.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bong‐Sup Park
- Nutrition, Food & Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Paul C Henning
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Military Performance DivisionNatickMA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Nutrition, Food & Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Edward Jo
- Nutrition, Food & Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Sang‐Rok Lee
- Health & Sport SciencesThe University of MemphisMemphisTN
| | - Michael C Zourdos
- Exercise Science and Health PromotionFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL
| | - Do‐Houn Kim
- Nutrition, Food & Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Ming‐Chia Yeh
- Nutrition, Food & Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Jeong‐Su Kim
- Nutrition, Food & Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
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Lee S, Jo E, Khamoui AV, Park B, Zourdos MC, Panton LB, Ormsbee MJ, Kim J. Resistance Training and CLA/n‐3 Administration Improve Myofiber Size and Myogenic Capacity in High Fat Diet‐Fed Mice. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1152.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Jo
- The Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
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Kim JS, Park YM, Lee SR, Masad IS, Khamoui AV, Jo E, Park BS, Arjmandi BH, Panton LB, Lee WJ, Grant SC. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate did not enhance high intensity resistance training-induced improvements in myofiber dimensions and myogenic capacity in aged female rats. Mol Cells 2012; 34:439-48. [PMID: 23149873 PMCID: PMC3887788 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Older women exhibit blunted skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance training (RT) compared to other age and gender cohorts that is partially due to an impaired regenerative capacity. In the present study, we examined whether β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) provision to aged female rodents would enhance regenerative mechanisms and facilitate RT-induced myofiber growth. Nineteen-month old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: HMB (0.48 g/kg/d; n = 6), non-HMB (n = 6), and control (n = 4). HMB and non-HMB groups underwent RT every third day for 10 weeks using a ladder climbing apparatus. Whole body strength, grip strength, and body composition was evaluated before and after RT. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were analyzed using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry to determine myofiber dimensions, transcript expression, and satellite cells/myonuclei, respectively. ANOVAs were used with significance set at p < 0.05. There were significant time effects (pre vs. post) for whole body strength (+262%), grip strength (+17%), lean mass (+20%), and fat mass (-19%). Both RT groups exhibited significant increases in the mean myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in the gastrocnemius and soleus (+8-22%) compared to control. Moreover, both groups demonstrated significant increases in the numbers of satellite cells (+100-108%) and myonuclei (+32%) in the soleus but not the gastrocnemius. A significant IGF-I mRNA elevation was only observed in soleus of the HMB group (+33%) whereas MGF and myogenin increased significantly in both groups (+32-40%). Our findings suggest that HMB did not further enhance intense RT-mediated myogenic mechanisms and myofiber CSA in aged female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Tran TT, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Lynn SK, Dabbs NC, Schick MK, Schick EE, Khamoui AV, Uribe BP, Noffal GJ. Effects of Different Elastic Cord Assistance Levels on Vertical Jump. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:3472-8. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318217664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Khamoui AV, Kim JS. Candidate mechanisms underlying effects of contractile activity on muscle morphology and energetics in cancer cachexia. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2011; 21:143-57. [PMID: 21880081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2011.01287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a prominent pathophysiological feature of cancer cachexia. Recent evidence suggests the manifestation of mitochondrial dysfunction along with a diminished oxidative capacity. These abnormalities have been concurrently observed with impaired muscle force production and the accelerated onset of fatigue in both tumour-bearing animals and cancer patients exhibiting wasting. To address the burden imposed by cachexia, nutritional and pharmacological interventions have been investigated extensively; in contrast, contractile activity-based countermeasures (i.e. exercise training) have been less frequently explored. Although limited, several preclinical studies that implemented contractile activity have reported favourable outcomes such as the retention of muscle mass and the restoration of energetic homeostasis. Even fewer investigations have examined the mechanisms accounting for these protective effects. An experimental approach addressing contractile activity-dependent expression of muscle mass and energy metabolism regulators may yield information that provides mechanistic support for exercise countermeasures. In this review, we present several candidate mechanisms underlying the protective effects of contractile activity as support for exercise countermeasure strategies. Given the limited quantity of data in this area, insights will be derived from studies on contractile activity-dependent modulation of common cellular and molecular events regulating muscle morphology and energetics during other muscle wasting conditions (e.g. sarcopenia).
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Khamoui
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Khamoui AV, Willardson J, Dawes J. Is Training to Failure a Safe and Effective Method for Improving Athletic Performance? Strength Cond J 2011. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0b013e31821a7b38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Park B, Henning PC, Lee S, Wilson JM, Park Y, Jo E, Khamoui AV, Zourdos MC, Kim J. β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Myogenesis and Maintains Strength in Male Mice during a 6‐Week Catabolic Condition. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1105.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bong‐Sup Park
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Paul C Henning
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Sang‐Rok Lee
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Jacob M Wilson
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Young‐Min Park
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Edward Jo
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Michael C. Zourdos
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Jeong‐Su Kim
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
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Eurich AD, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Noffal GJ, Nguyen D, Khamoui AV, Uribe BP. Performance differences between sexes in the pop-up phase of surfing. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 24:2821-5. [PMID: 20733519 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181f0a77f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Surfing is a dynamic sport that is multidirectional in nature and requires peak performance in variable ocean conditions. Its growing popularity among the female population has stirred curiosity as to whether women can and will 1 day face their male counterparts in head-to-head competition at the top levels. The purpose of this study was to examine male and female differences in performance of a simulated surfing pop-up movement. Forty recreationally trained surfers (20 men and 20 women) were instructed to lie prone on a force plate, in the pop-up position (similar to a push-up), with only their hands in contact with the plate. A velocity transducer was attached to their back via an adjustable strap around their upper trunk. They completed 3 pop-ups as explosively as possible by pushing forcefully with their hands and jumping to their feet. Absolute and relative force and power were measured. Results demonstrated that men exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) greater relative force (M = 9.56 ± 1.25 N·kg⁻¹, W = 8.15 ± 0.98) and relative power (M = 16.39 ± 4.22 W·kg⁻¹, W = 9.98 ± 2.58) when compared to women. These findings demonstrate that men produce greater force and power than do women even relative to body weight when performing a simulated surfing pop-up movement. It appears that women may be at a disadvantage in regards to peak performance when compared to their male counterparts in the surfing pop-up movement. Therefore, women should train for both maximum and explosive upper-body strength in addition to their time spent surfing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alea D Eurich
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
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41
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Johnson TM, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Judelson DA, Khamoui AV, Tran TT, Uribe BP. Effect of four different starting stances on sprint time in collegiate volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 24:2641-6. [PMID: 20885191 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181f159a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Starting stance plays an important role in influencing short-distance sprint speed and, therefore, the ability to reach a ball during sport play. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 4 different starting stances on sprint time. Twenty-six male and female collegiate volleyball players volunteered to participate in 1 testing session. Each subject performed 3 15-ft sprint trials at each of 4 different starting stances (P-parallel, FS-false step, S-staggered, and SFS-staggered false step) in random order. Analysis of variance revealed that there was no significant interaction of sex by stance, but there were main effects for sex (men were faster than women) and stance. The FS (1.18 ± 0.10 seconds), S (1.16 ± 0.07 seconds), and SFS (1.14 ± 0.06 seconds) stances were faster than the P (1.25 ± 0.09 seconds) stance, and the SFS stance was faster than the FS stance. This indicates that starting with a staggered stance (regardless of stepping back) produced the greatest sprinting velocity over the initial 15 feet. Although taking a staggered stance seems counterproductive, the resultant stretch-shortening cycle action and forward body lean likely increase force production of the push-off phase and place the total body center of mass ahead of the contacting foot, thereby, decreasing sprint time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Johnson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
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Khamoui AV, Brown LE, Nguyen D, Uribe BP, Coburn JW, Noffal GJ, Tran T. Relationship Between Force-Time and Velocity-Time Characteristics of Dynamic and Isometric Muscle Actions. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:198-204. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b94a7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Schick EE, Coburn JW, Brown LE, Judelson DA, Khamoui AV, Tran TT, Uribe BP. A comparison of muscle activation between a Smith machine and free weight bench press. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:779-84. [PMID: 20093960 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cc2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bench press exercise exists in multiple forms including the machine and free weight bench press. It is not clear though how each mode differs in its effect on muscle activation. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation of the anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, and pectoralis major during a Smith machine and free weight bench press at lower (70% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and higher (90% 1RM) intensities. Normalized electromyography amplitude values were used during the concentric phase of the bench press to compare muscle activity between a free weight and Smith machine bench press. Participants were classified as either experienced or inexperienced bench pressers. Two testing sessions were used, each of which entailed either all free weight or all Smith machine testing. In each testing session, each participant's 1RM was established followed by 2 repetitions at 70% of 1RM and 2 repetitions at 90% of 1RM. Results indicated greater activation of the medial deltoid on the free weight bench press than on the Smith machine bench press. Also, there was greater muscle activation at the 90% 1RM load than at the 70% 1RM load. The results of this study suggest that strength coaches should consider choosing the free weight bench press over the Smith machine bench press because of its potential for greater upper-body muscular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan E Schick
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
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Schick EE, Coburn JW, Brown LE, Judelson DA, Khamoui AV, Tran TT, Uribe BP. Comparison Of 1RM Strength And Muscle Activation Between The Smith Machine And Free Weight Bench Press In Experienced And Inexperienced Lifters. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000384409.98097.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee SR, Wilson JM, Henning PC, Ugrinowitsch C, Park YM, Zourdos MC, Park BS, Khamoui AV, Jo E, Grant SC, Panton LB, Kim JS. b-hydroxy-b-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Relative Grip Strength and Sensorimotor Function in Middle aged and Old Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386244.76901.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tran TT, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Lynn SK, Dabbs NC, Gochioco MK, Schick EE, Khamoui AV, Uribe BP, Noffal GJ. Effects Of Different Levels Of Assisted Jumping On Vertical Jump Height And Relative Ground Reaction Force. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000384662.00137.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Park YM, Lee SR, Wilson JM, Henning PC, Bakhshalian N, Ugrinowitsch C, Zourdos MC, Park BS, Jo E, Khamoui AV, Kim JS. Influence of b-hydroxy-b-methylbutyrate on Body Composition and Neuromuscular Function in Old Rats during Resistance Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386246.61654.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gochioco MK, Schick EE, Dabbs NC, Khamoui AV, Tran TT, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Beam WC. Physiological Profile of Amateur Mixed Martial Artists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386626.85052.ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Uribe BP, Coburn JW, Brown LE, Judelson DA, Khamoui AV, Nguyen D. Muscle Activation When Performing the Chest Press and Shoulder Press on a Stable Bench vs. a Swiss Ball. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:1028-33. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181ca4fb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nguyen D, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Judelson DA, Eurich AD, Khamoui AV, Uribe BP. Effect of delayed-onset muscle soreness on elbow flexion strength and rate of velocity development. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23:1282-6. [PMID: 19568034 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181970017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Eccentric muscle actions cause muscle damage and lead to delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which may impair performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DOMS on elbow flexion strength and rate of velocity development (RVD). Nineteen college male subjects performed 6 tests (pre- and posteccentric and every 24 hours for 4 days). In the preeccentric tests, each subject reported his arm pain and then did 5 concentric repetitions of elbow flexion/extension on an isokinetic dynamometer at 240 degrees x s(-1). Each subject then completed 6 sets of 10 eccentric elbow flexion actions at 30 degrees x s(-1) and finished with a posteccentric test with another 5 concentric repetitions at 240 degrees x s(-1). On days 1-4, each subject reported his arm pain and then did 5 more repetitions at 240 degrees x s(-1). Analysis was performed on the values for DOMS, peak torque (PT), and RVD. For DOMS, scores on the posteccentric test (2.34 +/- 2.53), day 1 (3.18 +/- 2.18), day 2 (3.21 +/- 2.91), day 3 (1.81 +/- 1.78), and day 4 (1.02 +/- 1.30) were all significantly (p < 0.05) greater than the preeccentric scores (0.00 +/- 0.00). For PT, the scores on the posteccentric test (22.40 +/- 8.87 ft x lb(-1)) and day 1 (23.88 +/- 9.00 ft x lb(-1)) were both significantly less than on the preeccentric test (29.56 +/- 8.42 ft x lb(-1)). The RVD scores on the posteccentric test (1505.73 +/- 462.12 d x s(-1) x s(-1)), day 1 (1571.55 +/- 475.99 d x s(-1) x s(-1)), and day 2 (1546.99 +/- 494.52 d x s(-1) x s(-1)) were all significantly less than on the preeccentric test (1719.86 +/- 473.18 d x s(-1) x s(-1)). This suggests that muscle damage may cause significant decreases in elbow flexion concentric strength and RVD even as DOMS remains elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamond Nguyen
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology at California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
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