Microbial biotransformation of some novel hydantoin derivatives: Perspectives for bioremediation of potential sunscreen agents

Having identified novel hydantoin derivatives (compounds 1-5) demonstrating promising photoprotective capacity against UV radiation, and understainding the problem of the biotic and abiotic degradation of UV filters, the aim of the study was to evaluate their metabolic fate with the environmental fungus Cunninghamella echinulata. In parallel, compound 1 in vitro microsomal metabolic pattern was evaluated. Finally, in silico toxicity of test compounds and their biotransformation products was estimated, and parent compounds photostability was assessed. The study demonstrated the capacity for C. echinulata to metabolize 1-5, which were biotransformed to a greater extent than the standard UV filter. O-dealkylation of the side chains attached to the phenyl or hydantoin rings, and hydroxylation of the phenyl ring occurred during microbial transformation. O-dealkylation product was a unique metabolite observed in microsomal biotransformation of 1, being its intrinsic clearance in the medium category range. In silico study demonstrated that compounds 1-5 have low toxicity risk. Among the resulting metabolites, four can increase the risk of reproductive effects as shown by OSIRIS prediction. Noteworthy, all indicated metabolites belong to minor metabolites, except for compound 3 major metabolite. Moreover, the results of the photostability study showed that 1-5 were considered to be photostable. To sum up, the obtained in vitro biotransformation, photostability, and in silico toxicity results encourage further studies on hydantoin derivatives as potential UV photoprotective agents. The presented biotransformation profile of compounds 1-5 by C. echinulata suggests that these compounds may follow a similar biodegradation fate when released into the environment.

Structure-activity relationship studies of CNS agents, Part 32: Effect of structural modifications in 1-arylpiperazine derivatives on alpha(1) -adrenoreceptor affinity

The alpha(1)-adrenergic and 5-HT1A serotonergic receptor affinities of a series of 1-arylpiperazines are presented. The role of the spacer and the influence of the terminal substituents on the alpha(1)-adrenoreceptor affinity and the 5-HT1A/alpha(1) receptor selectivity are discussed.

[Cavernous angioma of the medulla oblongata]

A case of cavernous angioma of the medulla oblongata with clinical manifestations developing during the course of upper respiratory tract infection in a boy aged 16 years is described. In the first stage of the disease there were bulbar signs of gradually increasing intensity without changes in CSF. In the third week fatal haemorrhage to the medulla oblongata perforating into the cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid space occurred.