1
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Babin L, Darchen A, Robert E, Aid Z, Borry R, Soudais C, Piganeau M, De Cian A, Giovannangeli C, Bawa O, Rigaud C, Scoazec JY, Couronné L, Veleanu L, Cieslak A, Asnafi V, Sibon D, Lamant L, Meggetto F, Mercher T, Brunet E. De novo generation of the NPM-ALK fusion recapitulates the pleiotropic phenotypes of ALK+ ALCL pathogenesis and reveals the ROR2 receptor as target for tumor cells. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:65. [PMID: 35246138 PMCID: PMC8895835 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic large cell lymphoma positive for ALK (ALK+ ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This lymphoma is caused by chromosomal translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK). In this study, we aimed to identify mechanisms of transformation and therapeutic targets by generating a model of ALK+ ALCL lymphomagenesis ab initio with the specific NPM-ALK fusion. Methods We performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the NPM-ALK chromosomal translocation in primary human activated T lymphocytes. Results Both CD4+ and CD8+ NPM-ALK-edited T lymphocytes showed rapid and reproducible competitive advantage in culture and led to in vivo disease development with nodal and extra-nodal features. Murine tumors displayed the phenotypic diversity observed in ALK+ ALCL patients, including CD4+ and CD8+ lymphomas. Assessment of transcriptome data from models and patients revealed global activation of the WNT signaling pathway, including both canonical and non-canonical pathways, during ALK+ ALCL lymphomagenesis. Specifically, we found that the WNT signaling cell surface receptor ROR2 represented a robust and genuine marker of all ALK+ ALCL patient tumor samples. Conclusions In this study, ab initio modeling of the ALK+ ALCL chromosomal translocation in mature T lymphocytes enabled the identification of new therapeutic targets. As ROR2 targeting approaches for other cancers are under development (including lung and ovarian tumors), our findings suggest that ALK+ ALCL cases with resistance to current therapies may also benefit from ROR2 targeting strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01520-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loélia Babin
- Laboratory of the « Genome Dynamics in the Immune System », Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Alice Darchen
- Laboratory of the « Genome Dynamics in the Immune System », Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Elie Robert
- Programme PEDIAC, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, OPALE Carnot Institute, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM Unité U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Zakia Aid
- Programme PEDIAC, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, OPALE Carnot Institute, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM Unité U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Rosalie Borry
- Laboratory of the « Genome Dynamics in the Immune System », Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Claire Soudais
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Marion Piganeau
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Bawa
- PETRA platform, AMMICa, University Paris Saclay, CNRS-UMS 3655 Inserm US23, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Rigaud
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Department of Pathology, AMMICa CNRS UMS3655 Inserm US23 Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucile Couronné
- Laboratory of Onco Hematology, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP); Laboratory of Normal and pathological lymphoid differentiation, University of Paris, INSERM U1151, INEM Institute, Paris, France
| | - Layla Veleanu
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Agata Cieslak
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - David Sibon
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lamant
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer-TOUCAN, Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, CNRS UMR5071, Inserm, UMR1037, CRCT, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Meggetto
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer-TOUCAN, Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, CNRS UMR5071, Inserm, UMR1037, CRCT, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- Programme PEDIAC, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, OPALE Carnot Institute, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM Unité U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Erika Brunet
- Laboratory of the « Genome Dynamics in the Immune System », Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
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2
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Ramadier S, Chalumeau A, Felix T, Othman N, Aknoun S, Casini A, Maule G, Masson C, De Cian A, Frati G, Brusson M, Concordet JP, Cavazzana M, Cereseto A, El Nemer W, Amendola M, Wattellier B, Meneghini V, Miccio A. Combination of lentiviral and genome editing technologies for the treatment of sickle cell disease. Mol Ther 2022; 30:145-163. [PMID: 34418541 PMCID: PMC8753569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a mutation in the β-globin gene leading to polymerization of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and deformation of red blood cells. Autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) genetically modified using lentiviral vectors (LVs) to express an anti-sickling β-globin leads to some clinical benefit in SCD patients, but it requires high-level transgene expression (i.e., high vector copy number [VCN]) to counteract HbS polymerization. Here, we developed therapeutic approaches combining LV-based gene addition and CRISPR-Cas9 strategies aimed to either knock down the sickle β-globin and increase the incorporation of an anti-sickling globin (AS3) in hemoglobin tetramers, or to induce the expression of anti-sickling fetal γ-globins. HSPCs from SCD patients were transduced with LVs expressing AS3 and a guide RNA either targeting the endogenous β-globin gene or regions involved in fetal hemoglobin silencing. Transfection of transduced cells with Cas9 protein resulted in high editing efficiency, elevated levels of anti-sickling hemoglobins, and rescue of the SCD phenotype at a significantly lower VCN compared to the conventional LV-based approach. This versatile platform can improve the efficacy of current gene addition approaches by combining different therapeutic strategies, thus reducing the vector amount required to achieve a therapeutic VCN and the associated genotoxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ramadier
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 St. Aubin, France
| | - Anne Chalumeau
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Felix
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Othman
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 St. Aubin, France
| | - Sherazade Aknoun
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 St. Aubin, France
| | | | - Giulia Maule
- CIBIO, University of Trento, 38100 Trento, Italy
| | - Cecile Masson
- Paris-Descartes Bioinformatics Platform, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Megane Brusson
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Biotherapy Department and Clinical Investigation Center, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Wassim El Nemer
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, EFS, CNRS, ADES, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins," 13000 Marseille, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoit Wattellier
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 St. Aubin, France
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
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3
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Sole A, Grossetête S, Heintzé M, Babin L, Zaïdi S, Revy P, Renouf B, De Cian A, Giovannangeli C, Pierre-Eugène C, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Couronné L, Kaltenbach S, Tomishima M, Jasin M, Grünewald TGP, Delattre O, Surdez D, Brunet E. Unraveling Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis originating from patient-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4994-5006. [PMID: 34341072 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is characterized by pathognomonic translocations, most frequently fusing EWSR1 with FLI1. An estimated 30% of EwS tumors also display genetic alterations in STAG2, TP53, or CDKN2A (SPC). Numerous attempts to develop relevant EwS models from primary human cells have been unsuccessful in faithfully recapitulating the phenotypic, transcriptomic and epigenetic features of EwS. In this study, by engineering the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation together with a combination of SPC mutations, we generated a wide collection of immortalized cells (EWIma cells) tolerating EWSR1-FLI1 expression from primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from an EwS patient. Within this model, SPC alterations strongly favored EwS oncogenicity. Xenograft experiments with independent EWIma cells induced tumors and metastases in mice, which displayed bona fide features of EwS. EWIma cells presented balanced but also more complex translocation profiles mimicking chromoplexy, which is frequently observed in EwS and other cancers. Collectively, these results demonstrate that bone marrow-derived MSCs are a source of origin for EwS and also provide original experimental models to investigate Ewing sarcomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sole
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System,INSERM, UMR 1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases
| | | | - Maxime Heintzé
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System,INSERM, UMR 1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Kaltenbach
- Cytogenetics, H�'pital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - H�'pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité
| | | | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Genetics and biology of pediatric tumors, Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisé LNCC, PSL Université, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Institute Curie
| | - Erika Brunet
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System,INSERM, UMR 1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases
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4
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Weber L, Frati G, Felix T, Hardouin G, Casini A, Wollenschlaeger C, Meneghini V, Masson C, De Cian A, Chalumeau A, Mavilio F, Amendola M, Andre-Schmutz I, Cereseto A, El Nemer W, Concordet JP, Giovannangeli C, Cavazzana M, Miccio A. Editing a γ-globin repressor binding site restores fetal hemoglobin synthesis and corrects the sickle cell disease phenotype. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/7/eaay9392. [PMID: 32917636 PMCID: PMC7015694 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single amino acid change in the adult hemoglobin (Hb) β chain that causes Hb polymerization and red blood cell (RBC) sickling. The co-inheritance of mutations causing fetal γ-globin production in adult life hereditary persistence of fetal Hb (HPFH) reduces the clinical severity of SCD. HPFH mutations in the HBG γ-globin promoters disrupt binding sites for the repressors BCL11A and LRF. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to mimic HPFH mutations in the HBG promoters by generating insertions and deletions, leading to disruption of known and putative repressor binding sites. Editing of the LRF-binding site in patient-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) resulted in γ-globin derepression and correction of the sickling phenotype. Xenotransplantation of HSPCs treated with gRNAs targeting the LRF-binding site showed a high editing efficiency in repopulating HSPCs. This study identifies the LRF-binding site as a potent target for genome-editing treatment of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Weber
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Felix
- Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Hardouin
- Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Clara Wollenschlaeger
- Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Masson
- Paris-Descartes Bioinformatics Platform, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Anne Chalumeau
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fulvio Mavilio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Audentes Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Andre-Schmutz
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Wassim El Nemer
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Inserm, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. de la Réunion, Univ. des Antilles, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Marina Cavazzana
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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5
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Momose T, De Cian A, Shiba K, Inaba K, Giovannangeli C, Concordet JP. High doses of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein efficiently induce gene knockout with low mosaicism in the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica through microhomology-mediated deletion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11734. [PMID: 30082705 PMCID: PMC6078951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been shown to be a powerful approach to examine gene function in diverse metazoan species. One common drawback is that mixed genotypes, and thus variable phenotypes, arise in the F0 generation because incorrect DNA repair produces different mutations amongst cells of the developing embryo. We report here an effective method for gene knockout (KO) in the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica, by injection into the egg of Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). Expected phenotypes were observed in the F0 generation when targeting endogenous GFP genes, which abolished fluorescence in embryos, or CheRfx123 (that codes for a conserved master transcriptional regulator for ciliogenesis) which caused sperm motility defects. When high concentrations of Cas9 RNP were used, the mutations in target genes at F0 polyp or jellyfish stages were not random but consisted predominantly of one or two specific deletions between pairs of short microhomologies flanking the cleavage site. Such microhomology-mediated (MM) deletion is most likely caused by microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), which may be favoured in early stage embryos. This finding makes it very easy to isolate uniform, largely non-mosaic mutants with predictable genotypes in the F0 generation in Clytia, allowing rapid and reliable phenotype assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Momose
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV) 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Anne De Cian
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka, 415-0025, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka, 415-0025, Japan
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
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6
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Remy S, Chenouard V, Tesson L, Usal C, Ménoret S, Brusselle L, Heslan JM, Nguyen TH, Bellien J, Merot J, De Cian A, Giovannangeli C, Concordet JP, Anegon I. Generation of gene-edited rats by delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 protein and donor DNA into intact zygotes using electroporation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16554. [PMID: 29185448 PMCID: PMC5707420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of gene-edited animals using the CRISPRs/Cas9 system is based on microinjection into zygotes which is inefficient, time consuming and demands high technical skills. We report the optimization of an electroporation method for intact rat zygotes using sgRNAs and Cas9 protein in combination or not with ssODNs (~100 nt). This resulted in high frequency of knockouts, between 15 and 50% of analyzed animals. Importantly, using ssODNs as donor template resulted in precise knock-in mutations in 25–100% of analyzed animals, comparable to microinjection. Electroporation of long ssDNA or dsDNA donors successfully used in microinjection in the past did not allow generation of genome-edited animals despite dsDNA visualization within zygotes. Thus, simultaneous electroporation of a large number of intact rat zygotes is a rapid, simple, and efficient method for the generation of a variety of genome-edited rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Remy
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France. .,Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France.
| | - Vanessa Chenouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Usal
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France
| | - Lucas Brusselle
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France.,Platform GenoCellEdit, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France
| | - Tuan Huan Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Platform GenoCellEdit, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean Merot
- Institut du thorax, INSERM UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, F44007, Nantes, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005, Paris, France
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France. .,Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, F44093, Nantes, France.
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7
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Tesson L, Remy S, Ménoret S, Usal C, Thinard R, Savignard C, De Cian A, Giovannangeli C, Concordet JP, Anegon I. Genome Editing in Rats Using TALE Nucleases. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1338:245-59. [PMID: 26443226 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2932-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rat is an important animal model to understand gene function and model human diseases. Since recent years, the development of gene-specific nucleases has become important for generating new rat models of human diseases, to analyze the role of genes and to generate human antibodies. Transcription activator-like (TALE) nucleases efficiently create gene-specific knockout rats and lead to the possibility of gene targeting by homology-directed recombination (HDR) and generating knock-in rats. We describe a detailed protocol for generating knockout and knock-in rats via microinjection of TALE nucleases into fertilized eggs. This technology is an efficient, cost- and time-effective method for creating new rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Tesson
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 44093, Nantes, France. .,ITUN, CHU Nantes, 30 Bvd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France. .,INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France.
| | - Séverine Remy
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 44093, Nantes, France.,ITUN, CHU Nantes, 30 Bvd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 44093, Nantes, France.,ITUN, CHU Nantes, 30 Bvd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Usal
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 44093, Nantes, France.,ITUN, CHU Nantes, 30 Bvd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Reynald Thinard
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 44093, Nantes, France.,ITUN, CHU Nantes, 30 Bvd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Chloé Savignard
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 44093, Nantes, France.,ITUN, CHU Nantes, 30 Bvd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 44093, Nantes, France.,ITUN, CHU Nantes, 30 Bvd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
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8
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Renaud JB, Boix C, Charpentier M, De Cian A, Cochennec J, Duvernois-Berthet E, Perrouault L, Tesson L, Edouard J, Thinard R, Cherifi Y, Menoret S, Fontanière S, de Crozé N, Fraichard A, Sohm F, Anegon I, Concordet JP, Giovannangeli C. Improved Genome Editing Efficiency and Flexibility Using Modified Oligonucleotides with TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 Nucleases. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2263-2272. [PMID: 26923600 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing has now been reported in many systems using TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases. Precise mutations can be introduced during homology-directed repair with donor DNA carrying the wanted sequence edit, but efficiency is usually lower than for gene knockout and optimal strategies have not been extensively investigated. Here, we show that using phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides strongly enhances genome editing efficiency of single-stranded oligonucleotide donors in cultured cells. In addition, it provides better design flexibility, allowing insertions more than 100 bp long. Despite previous reports of phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotide toxicity, clones of edited cells are readily isolated and targeted sequence insertions are achieved in rats and mice with very high frequency, allowing for homozygous loxP site insertion at the mouse ROSA locus in particular. Finally, when detected, imprecise knockin events exhibit indels that are asymmetrically positioned, consistent with genome editing taking place by two steps of single-strand annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Renaud
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France
| | - Charlotte Boix
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marine Charpentier
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julien Cochennec
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Loïc Perrouault
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- INSERM U1064, CHU de Nantes, Nantes 44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, CNRS UMS3556, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Joanne Edouard
- Amagen, CNRS UMS 3504, INRA UMS 1374, Institut de Neurobiologie A. Fessard, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Reynald Thinard
- INSERM U1064, CHU de Nantes, Nantes 44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, CNRS UMS3556, Nantes 44093, France
| | | | - Séverine Menoret
- INSERM U1064, CHU de Nantes, Nantes 44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, CNRS UMS3556, Nantes 44093, France
| | | | - Noémie de Crozé
- Amagen, CNRS UMS 3504, INRA UMS 1374, Institut de Neurobiologie A. Fessard, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | | | - Frédéric Sohm
- Amagen, CNRS UMS 3504, INRA UMS 1374, Institut de Neurobiologie A. Fessard, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM U1064, CHU de Nantes, Nantes 44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, CNRS UMS3556, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France.
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9
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Ménoret S, De Cian A, Tesson L, Remy S, Usal C, Boulé JB, Boix C, Fontanière S, Crénéguy A, Nguyen TH, Brusselle L, Thinard R, Gauguier D, Concordet JP, Cherifi Y, Fraichard A, Giovannangeli C, Anegon I. Homology-directed repair in rodent zygotes using Cas9 and TALEN engineered proteins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14410. [PMID: 26442875 PMCID: PMC4595769 DOI: 10.1038/srep14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of genetically-modified organisms has been revolutionized by the development of new genome editing technologies based on the use of gene-specific nucleases, such as meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPRs-Cas9 systems. The most rapid and cost-effective way to generate genetically-modified animals is by microinjection of the nucleic acids encoding gene-specific nucleases into zygotes. However, the efficiency of the procedure can still be improved. In this work we aim to increase the efficiency of CRISPRs-Cas9 and TALENs homology-directed repair by using TALENs and Cas9 proteins, instead of mRNA, microinjected into rat and mouse zygotes along with long or short donor DNAs. We observed that Cas9 protein was more efficient at homology-directed repair than mRNA, while TALEN protein was less efficient than mRNA at inducing homology-directed repair. Our results indicate that the use of Cas9 protein could represent a simple and practical methodological alternative to Cas9 mRNA in the generation of genetically-modified rats and mice as well as probably some other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ménoret
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN; CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France.,Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556 Nantes, F44093, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Structure and Instability of Genomes, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; CP26 57 rue Cuvier, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN; CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France.,Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556 Nantes, F44093, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN; CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France.,Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556 Nantes, F44093, France
| | - Claire Usal
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN; CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France.,Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556 Nantes, F44093, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Boulé
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Structure and Instability of Genomes, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; CP26 57 rue Cuvier, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Boix
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Structure and Instability of Genomes, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; CP26 57 rue Cuvier, F75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Tuan H Nguyen
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN; CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France
| | | | - Reynald Thinard
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN; CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France.,Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556 Nantes, F44093, France
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre &Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, 75006 Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, University Pierre &Marie Curie, Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Structure and Instability of Genomes, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; CP26 57 rue Cuvier, F75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Structure and Instability of Genomes, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; CP26 57 rue Cuvier, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN; CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France.,Platform Rat Transgenesis Immunophenomic, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556 Nantes, F44093, France
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10
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Larcher T, Lafoux A, Tesson L, Remy S, Thepenier V, François V, Le Guiner C, Goubin H, Dutilleul M, Guigand L, Toumaniantz G, De Cian A, Boix C, Renaud JB, Cherel Y, Giovannangeli C, Concordet JP, Anegon I, Huchet C. Characterization of dystrophin deficient rats: a new model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110371. [PMID: 25310701 PMCID: PMC4195719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A few animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are available, large ones such as pigs or dogs being expensive and difficult to handle. Mdx (X-linked muscular dystrophy) mice only partially mimic the human disease, with limited chronic muscular lesions and muscle weakness. Their small size also imposes limitations on analyses. A rat model could represent a useful alternative since rats are small animals but 10 times bigger than mice and could better reflect the lesions and functional abnormalities observed in DMD patients. Two lines of Dmd mutated-rats (Dmdmdx) were generated using TALENs targeting exon 23. Muscles of animals of both lines showed undetectable levels of dystrophin by western blot and less than 5% of dystrophin positive fibers by immunohistochemistry. At 3 months, limb and diaphragm muscles from Dmdmdx rats displayed severe necrosis and regeneration. At 7 months, these muscles also showed severe fibrosis and some adipose tissue infiltration. Dmdmdx rats showed significant reduction in muscle strength and a decrease in spontaneous motor activity. Furthermore, heart morphology was indicative of dilated cardiomyopathy associated histologically with necrotic and fibrotic changes. Echocardiography showed significant concentric remodeling and alteration of diastolic function. In conclusion, Dmdmdx rats represent a new faithful small animal model of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Larcher
- INRA, UMR703 APEX, Oniris, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Université de Nantes, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Aude Lafoux
- INSERM, UMR 1087/CNRS 6291 Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- INSERM, UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, ITUN, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- INSERM, UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, ITUN, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Thepenier
- INSERM, UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, ITUN, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie François
- INSERM, UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Thérapie génique pour les maladies de la rétine et les maladies neuromusculaires, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Le Guiner
- INSERM, UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Thérapie génique pour les maladies de la rétine et les maladies neuromusculaires, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France; Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Helicia Goubin
- INRA, UMR703 APEX, Oniris, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Université de Nantes, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Maéva Dutilleul
- INRA, UMR703 APEX, Oniris, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Université de Nantes, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Lydie Guigand
- INRA, UMR703 APEX, Oniris, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Université de Nantes, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Toumaniantz
- INSERM, UMR 1087/CNRS 6291 Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Nantes, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM, U1154, CNRS, UMR 7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Boix
- INSERM, U1154, CNRS, UMR 7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Renaud
- INSERM, U1154, CNRS, UMR 7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Yan Cherel
- INRA, UMR703 APEX, Oniris, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Université de Nantes, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM, U1154, CNRS, UMR 7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM, U1154, CNRS, UMR 7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM, UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, ITUN, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Corinne Huchet
- INSERM, UMR 1087/CNRS 6291 Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Nantes, France
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11
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Remy S, Tesson L, Menoret S, Usal C, De Cian A, Thepenier V, Thinard R, Baron D, Charpentier M, Renaud JB, Buelow R, Cost GJ, Giovannangeli C, Fraichard A, Concordet JP, Anegon I. Efficient gene targeting by homology-directed repair in rat zygotes using TALE nucleases. Genome Res 2014; 24:1371-83. [PMID: 24989021 PMCID: PMC4120090 DOI: 10.1101/gr.171538.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The generation of genetically modified animals is important for both research and commercial purposes. The rat is an important model organism that until recently lacked efficient genetic engineering tools. Sequence-specific nucleases, such as ZFNs, TALE nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9 have allowed the creation of rat knockout models. Genetic engineering by homology-directed repair (HDR) is utilized to create animals expressing transgenes in a controlled way and to introduce precise genetic modifications. We applied TALE nucleases and donor DNA microinjection into zygotes to generate HDR-modified rats with large new sequences introduced into three different loci with high efficiency (0.62%–5.13% of microinjected zygotes). Two of these loci (Rosa26 and Hprt1) are known to allow robust and reproducible transgene expression and were targeted for integration of a GFP expression cassette driven by the CAG promoter. GFP-expressing embryos and four Rosa26 GFP rat lines analyzed showed strong and widespread GFP expression in most cells of all analyzed tissues. The third targeted locus was Ighm, where we performed successful exon exchange of rat exon 2 for the human one. At all three loci we observed HDR only when using linear and not circular donor DNA. Mild hypothermic (30°C) culture of zygotes after microinjection increased HDR efficiency for some loci. Our study demonstrates that TALE nuclease and donor DNA microinjection into rat zygotes results in efficient and reproducible targeted donor integration by HDR. This allowed creation of genetically modified rats in a work-, cost-, and time-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Remy
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Séverine Menoret
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Claire Usal
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Thepenier
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Reynald Thinard
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Daniel Baron
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Marine Charpentier
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Renaud
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Roland Buelow
- Open Monoclonal Technologies, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA
| | | | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
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12
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Ménoret S, Tesson L, Rémy S, Usal C, Thépenier V, Thinard R, Ouisse LH, De Cian A, Giovannangeli C, Concordet JP, Anegon I. Gene targeting in rats using transcription activator-like effector nucleases. Methods 2014; 69:102-7. [PMID: 24583114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat is a model of choice to understanding gene function and modeling human diseases. Since recent years, successful engineering technologies using gene-specific nucleases have been developed to gene edit the genome of different species, including the rat. This development has become important for the creation of new rat animals models of human diseases, analyze the role of genes and express recombinant proteins. Transcription activator-like (TALE) nucleases are designed nucleases consist of a DNA binding domain fused to a nuclease domain capable of cleaving the targeted DNA. We describe a detailed protocol for generating knockout rats via microinjection of TALE nucleases into fertilized eggs. This technology is an efficient, cost- and time-effective method for creating new rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ménoret
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, F44093 Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU Nantes, F44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, France.
| | - Laurent Tesson
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, F44093 Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU Nantes, F44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, France
| | - Séverine Rémy
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, F44093 Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU Nantes, F44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, France
| | - Claire Usal
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, F44093 Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU Nantes, F44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, France
| | - Virginie Thépenier
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, F44093 Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU Nantes, F44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, France
| | - Reynald Thinard
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, F44093 Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU Nantes, F44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, F44093 Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU Nantes, F44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, F44093 Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU Nantes, F44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1064-Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, France
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13
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Auer TO, Duroure K, De Cian A, Concordet JP, Del Bene F. Highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in in zebrafish by homology-independent DNA repair. Genome Res 2014; 24:142-53. [PMID: 24179142 PMCID: PMC3875856 DOI: 10.1101/gr.161638.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-specific nucleases like TALENs and the CRISPR/Cas9 system have greatly expanded the genome editing possibilities in model organisms such as zebrafish. Both systems have recently been used to create knock-out alleles with great efficiency, and TALENs have also been successfully employed in knock-in of DNA cassettes at defined loci via homologous recombination (HR). Here we report CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of DNA cassettes into the zebrafish genome at a very high rate by homology-independent double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. After co-injection of a donor plasmid with a short guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 nuclease mRNA, concurrent cleavage of donor plasmid DNA and the selected chromosomal integration site resulted in efficient targeted integration of donor DNA. We successfully employed this approach to convert eGFP into Gal4 transgenic lines, and the same plasmids and sgRNAs can be applied in any species where eGFP lines were generated as part of enhancer and gene trap screens. In addition, we show the possibility of easily targeting DNA integration at endogenous loci, thus greatly facilitating the creation of reporter and loss-of-function alleles. Due to its simplicity, flexibility, and very high efficiency, our method greatly expands the repertoire for genome editing in zebrafish and can be readily adapted to many other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O. Auer
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS UMR 3215, Paris F-75248, France
- INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris, France
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karine Duroure
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS UMR 3215, Paris F-75248, France
- INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris F-75231, France
- CNRS UMR 7196, Paris F-75231, France
- INSERM U565, Paris F-75231, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris F-75231, France
- CNRS UMR 7196, Paris F-75231, France
- INSERM U565, Paris F-75231, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS UMR 3215, Paris F-75248, France
- INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris, France
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14
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Piganeau M, Ghezraoui H, De Cian A, Guittat L, Tomishima M, Perrouault L, René O, Katibah GE, Zhang L, Holmes MC, Doyon Y, Concordet JP, Giovannangeli C, Jasin M, Brunet E. Cancer translocations in human cells induced by zinc finger and TALE nucleases. Genome Res 2013; 23:1182-93. [PMID: 23568838 PMCID: PMC3698511 DOI: 10.1101/gr.147314.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are signatures of numerous cancers and lead to expression of fusion genes that act as oncogenes. The wealth of genomic aberrations found in cancer, however, makes it challenging to assign a specific phenotypic change to a specific aberration. In this study, we set out to use genome editing with zinc finger (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector (TALEN) nucleases to engineer, de novo, translocation-associated oncogenes at cognate endogenous loci in human cells. Using ZFNs and TALENs designed to cut precisely at relevant translocation breakpoints, we induced cancer-relevant t(11;22)(q24;q12) and t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocations found in Ewing sarcoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), respectively. We recovered both translocations with high efficiency, resulting in the expression of the EWSR1–FLI1 and NPM1–ALK fusions. Breakpoint junctions recovered after ZFN cleavage in human embryonic stem (ES) cell–derived mesenchymal precursor cells fully recapitulated the genomic characteristics found in tumor cells from Ewing sarcoma patients. This approach with tailored nucleases demonstrates that expression of fusion genes found in cancer cells can be induced from the native promoter, allowing interrogation of both the underlying mechanisms and oncogenic consequences of tumor-related translocations in human cells. With an analogous strategy, the ALCL translocation was reverted in a patient cell line to restore the integrity of the two participating chromosomes, further expanding the repertoire of genomic rearrangements that can be engineered by tailored nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Piganeau
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR7196, Inserm U565, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Merle P, Evrard B, Petitjean A, Lehn JM, Teulade-Fichou MP, Chautard E, De Cian A, Guittat L, Tran PLT, Mergny JL, Verrelle P, Tchirkov A. Telomere targeting with a new G4 ligand enhances radiation-induced killing of human glioblastoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 10:1784-95. [PMID: 21987532 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test in vitro the efficacy of TAC, an original G-quadruplex ligand, as a potential radiosensitizing agent for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Two human radioresistant telomerase-positive GBM cell lines (SF763 and SF767) were analyzed, with and without TAC treatment, for telomere length, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, gene expression, cytogenetic aberrations, clonogenic survival assay, 53BP1 immunofluorescence staining, and γH2AX phosphorylation. We found that low concentrations of TAC (0.5 and 1 μmol/L) inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells in a concentration-dependent manner after only 1 week of treatment, with minimal effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. TAC treatment had no visible effect on average telomere length but modified expression levels of telomere-related genes (hTERT, TRF1, and TRF2) and induced concentration-dependent DNA damage response and dicentric chromosomes. Survival curves analysis showed that exposure to nontoxic, subapoptotic concentrations of TAC enhanced radiation-induced killing of GBM cells. Analysis of DNA repair after irradiation revealed delayed repair kinetics in GBM cells treated with TAC. Furthermore, the combined treatment (TAC and radiation) significantly increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations as compared with radiation alone. These findings provide the first evidence that exposure to a G4 ligand radiosensitizes human glioblastoma cells and suggest the prospect of future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Merle
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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16
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Guittat L, Alberti P, Gomez D, De Cian A, Pennarun G, Lemarteleur T, Belmokhtar C, Paterski R, Morjani H, Trentesaux C, Mandine E, Boussin F, Mailliet P, Lacroix L, Riou JF, Mergny JL. Targeting human telomerase for cancer therapeutics. Cytotechnology 2011; 45:75-90. [PMID: 19003245 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-004-5127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme telomerase is involved in the replication of telomeres, specialized structures that cap and protect the ends of chromosomes. Its activity is required for maintenance of telomeres and for unlimited lifespan, a hallmark of cancer cells. Telomerase is overexpressed in the vast majority of human cancer cells and therefore represents an attractive target for therapy. Several approaches have been developed to inhibit this enzyme through the targeting of its RNA or catalytic components as well as its DNA substrate, the single-stranded 3'-telomeric overhang. Telomerase inhibitors are chemically diverse and include modified oligonucleotides as well as small diffusable molecules, both natural and synthetic. This review presents an update of recent investigations pertaining to these agents and discusses their biological properties in the context of the initial paradigm that the exposure of cancer cells to these agents should lead to progressive telomere shortening followed by a delayed growth arrest response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Guittat
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM503, INSERM U 565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43, rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris cedex 05, France
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17
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De Cian A, Gros J, Guédin A, Haddi M, Lyonnais S, Guittat L, Riou JF, Trentesaux C, Saccà B, Lacroix L, Alberti P, Mergny JL. DNA and RNA quadruplex ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010:7-8. [PMID: 18776226 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrn004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich nucleic acids can adopt unusual structures called guanine quadruplexes (G4) based on stacked guanine quartets. Both RNA and DNA backbones are compatible with G4 formation. As RNA and DNA quadruplexes may be recognized by ligands, it is important to understand the rules that govern the stability and specificity of these complexes. We explore the binding of a pyridine dicarboxamide derivative to various oligoribo- and oligodeoxyribo-nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne De Cian
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle USM 503, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR5153, Paris, France
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18
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De Cian A, Grellier P, Mouray E, Depoix D, Bertrand H, Monchaud D, Teulade-Fichou MP, Mergny JL, Alberti P. Plasmodium telomeric sequences: structure, stability and quadruplex targeting by small compounds. Chembiochem 2009; 9:2730-9. [PMID: 18924216 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the most commonly used antimalarial drugs makes it necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. The telomeres of the parasite could constitute an attractive target. They are composed of repetitions of a degenerate motif ((5')GGGTTYA(3'), where Y is T or C), different from the human one ((5')GGGTTA(3')). In this report we investigate the possibility of targeting Plasmodium telomeres with G-quadruplex ligands. Through solution hybridisation assays we provide evidence of the existence of a telomeric 3' G-overhang in P. falciparum genomic DNA. Through UV spectroscopy studies we demonstrate that stable G-quadruplex structures are formed at physiological temperature by sequences composed of the degenerate Plasmodium telomeric motif. Through a FRET melting assay we show stabilisation of Plasmodium telomeric G-quadruplexes by a variety of ligands. Many of the tested ligands display strong quadruplex versus duplex selectivity, but show little discrimination between human and Plasmodium telomeric quadruplexes.
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Amrane S, De Cian A, Rosu F, Kaiser M, De Pauw E, Teulade-Fichou MP, Mergny JL. Identification of Trinucleotide Repeat Ligands with a FRET Melting Assay. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1229-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Guédin A, De Cian A, Gros J, Lacroix L, Mergny JL. Sequence effects in single-base loops for quadruplexes. Biochimie 2008; 90:686-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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De Cian A, Cristofari G, Reichenbach P, De Lemos E, Monchaud D, Teulade-Fichou MP, Shin-ya K, Lacroix L, Lingner J, Mergny JL. Reevaluation of telomerase inhibition by quadruplex ligands and their mechanisms of action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:17347-52. [PMID: 17954919 PMCID: PMC2077259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0707365104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quadruplex ligands are often considered as telomerase inhibitors. Given the fact that some of these molecules are present in the clinical setting, it is important to establish the validity of this assertion. To analyze the effects of these compounds, we used a direct assay with telomerase-enriched extracts. The comparison of potent ligands from various chemical families revealed important differences in terms of effects on telomerase initiation and processivity. Although most quadruplex ligands may lock a quadruplex-prone sequence into a quadruplex structure that inhibits the initiation of elongation by telomerase, the analysis of telomerase-elongation steps revealed that only a few molecules interfered with the processivity of telomerase (i.e., inhibit elongation once one or more repeats have been incorporated). The demonstration that these molecules are actually more effective inhibitors of telomeric DNA amplification than extension by telomerase contributes to the already growing suspicion that quadruplex ligands are not simple telomerase inhibitors but, rather, constitute a different class of biologically active molecules. We also demonstrate that the popular telomeric repeat amplification protocol is completely inappropriate for the determination of telomerase inhibition by quadruplex ligands, even when PCR controls are included. As a consequence, the inhibitory effect of many quadruplex ligands has been overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne De Cian
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U565, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5153, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Régulation et Dynamique des Génomes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, USM 503, 43 Rue Cuvier, CP26, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gael Cristofari
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) and National Center of Competence in Research “Frontiers in Genetics,” Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges s/Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) and National Center of Competence in Research “Frontiers in Genetics,” Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges s/Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Elsa De Lemos
- Institut Curie, Section Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 176, Centre Universitaire Paris XI, Bât. 110, 91405 Orsay, France; and
| | - David Monchaud
- Institut Curie, Section Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 176, Centre Universitaire Paris XI, Bât. 110, 91405 Orsay, France; and
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- Institut Curie, Section Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 176, Centre Universitaire Paris XI, Bât. 110, 91405 Orsay, France; and
| | - Kazuo Shin-ya
- **Chemical Biology Team, Biological Information Research Center (BIRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo Waterfront Bio-IT Research Building 2-42 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Laurent Lacroix
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U565, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5153, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Régulation et Dynamique des Génomes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, USM 503, 43 Rue Cuvier, CP26, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Joachim Lingner
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) and National Center of Competence in Research “Frontiers in Genetics,” Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges s/Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U565, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5153, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Régulation et Dynamique des Génomes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, USM 503, 43 Rue Cuvier, CP26, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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22
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De Cian A, Lacroix L, Douarre C, Temime-Smaali N, Trentesaux C, Riou JF, Mergny JL. Targeting telomeres and telomerase. Biochimie 2007; 90:131-55. [PMID: 17822826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase represent, at least in theory, an extremely attractive target for cancer therapy. The objective of this review is to present the latest view on the mechanism(s) of action of telomerase inhibitors, with an emphasis on a specific class of telomere ligands called G-quadruplex ligands, and to discuss their potential use in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne De Cian
- INSERM, U565, Acides nucléiques: dynamique, ciblage et fonctions biologiques, 43 rue Cuvier, CP26, Paris Cedex 05, F-75231, France
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23
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De Cian A, Guittat L, Kaiser M, Saccà B, Amrane S, Bourdoncle A, Alberti P, Teulade-Fichou MP, Lacroix L, Mergny JL. Fluorescence-based melting assays for studying quadruplex ligands. Methods 2007; 42:183-95. [PMID: 17472900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomeric G-rich single-stranded DNA can adopt in vitro an intramolecular quadruplex structure, which has been shown to directly inhibit telomerase activity. The reactivation of this enzyme in immortalized and most cancer cells suggests that telomeres and telomerase are relevant targets in oncology, and telomere ligands and telomerase inhibitors have been proposed as new potential anticancer agents. In this paper, we have analysed the FRET method used to measure the stabilization and selectivity of quadruplex ligands towards the human telomeric G-quadruplex. The stabilization value depends on the nature of the fluorescent tags, the incubation buffer, and the method chosen for T(m) calculation, complicating a direct comparison of the results obtained by different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne De Cian
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, USM 503, INSERM UR 565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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24
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Brassart B, Gomez D, De Cian A, Paterski R, Montagnac A, Qui KH, Temime-Smaali N, Trentesaux C, Mergny JL, Gueritte F, Riou JF. A new steroid derivative stabilizes g-quadruplexes and induces telomere uncapping in human tumor cells. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72:631-40. [PMID: 17586599 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.036574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomeric DNA consists of tandem repeats of the sequence d(TTAGGG) with a 3' single-stranded extension (the G-overhang). The stabilization of G-quadruplexes in the human telomeric sequence by small-molecule ligands inhibits the activity of telomerase and results in telomere uncapping, leading to senescence or apoptosis of tumor cells. Therefore, the search for new and selective G-quadruplex ligands is of considerable interest because a selective ligand might provide a telomere-targeted therapeutic approach to treatment of cancer. We have screened a bank of derivatives from natural and synthetic origin using a temperature fluorescence assay and have identified two related compounds that induce G-quadruplex stabilization: malouetine and steroid FG. These steroid derivatives have nonplanar and nonaromatic structures, different from currently known G-quadruplex ligands. Malouetine is a natural product isolated from the leaves of Malouetia bequaaertiana E. Woodson and is known for its curarizing and DNA-binding properties. Steroid FG, a funtumine derivative substituted with a guanylhydrazone moiety, interacted selectively with the telomeric G-quadruplex in vitro. This derivative induced senescence and telomere shortening of HT1080 tumor cells at submicromolar concentrations, corresponding to the phenotypic inactivation of telomerase activity. In addition, steroid FG induced a rapid degradation of the telomeric G-overhang and the formation of anaphase bridges, characteristics of telomere uncapping. Finally, the expression of protection of telomere 1 (POT1) induced resistance to the growth effect of steroid FG. These results indicate that these steroid ligands represent a new class of telomere-targeted agents with potential as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Brassart
- Laboratoire d'Onco-Pharmacologie, JE 2428, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims, France
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25
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Abstract
The telomeric G-rich single-stranded DNA can adopt in vitro an intramolecular quadruplex structure, which has been shown to directly inhibit telomerase activity. The reactivation of this enzyme in immortalized and most cancer cells suggests that telomerase is a relevant target in oncology, and telomerase inhibitors have been proposed as new potential anticancer agents. In this paper, we have analyzed the stabilization and selectivity of two well-known quadruplex ligands (telomestatin and a cationic porphyrin) towards the human telomeric G-quadruplex species, with FRET. Both molecules strongly stabilize the G-quadruplex, but telomestatin appears much more selective, as shown by competition experiments with double-stranded DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne De Cian
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR5153, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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26
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Gros J, Rosu F, Amrane S, De Cian A, Gabelica V, Lacroix L, Mergny JL. Guanines are a quartet's best friend: impact of base substitutions on the kinetics and stability of tetramolecular quadruplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:3064-75. [PMID: 17452368 PMCID: PMC1888817 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel tetramolecular quadruplexes may be formed with short oligodeoxynucleotides bearing a block of three or more guanines. We analyze the properties of sequence variants of parallel quadruplexes in which each guanine of the central block was systematically substituted with a different base. Twelve types of substitutions were assessed in more than 100 different sequences. We conducted a comparative kinetic analysis of all tetramers. Electrospray mass spectrometry was used to count the number of inner cations, which is an indicator of the number of effective tetrads. In general, the presence of a single substitution has a strong deleterious impact on quadruplex stability, resulting in reduced quadruplex lifetime/thermal stability and in decreased association rate constants. We demonstrate extremely large differences in the association rate constants of these quadruplexes depending on modification position and type. These results demonstrate that most guanine substitutions are deleterious to tetramolecular quadruplex structure. Despite the presence of well-defined non-guanine base quartets in a number of NMR and X-ray structures, our data suggest that most non-guanine quartets do not participate favorably in structural stability, and that these quartets are formed only by virtue of the docking platform provided by neighboring G-quartets. Two notable exceptions were found with 8-bromo-guanine (X) and 6-methyl-isoxanthopterin (P) substitutions, which accelerate quadruplex formation by a factor of 10 when present at the 5′ end. The thermodynamic and kinetic data compiled here are highly valuable for the design of DNA quadruplex assemblies with tunable association/dissociation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gros
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USM503, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France and Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bat. B6c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USM503, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France and Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bat. B6c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Samir Amrane
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USM503, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France and Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bat. B6c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne De Cian
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USM503, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France and Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bat. B6c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USM503, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France and Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bat. B6c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Lacroix
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USM503, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France and Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bat. B6c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USM503, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France and Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bat. B6c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. +33-1 40 79 36 89+33-1 40 79 37 05
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Cian AD, Mergny JL. Quadruplex ligands may act as molecular chaperones for tetramolecular quadruplex formation. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:2483-93. [PMID: 17395639 PMCID: PMC1885647 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 02/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are a family of four-stranded DNA structures, stabilized by G-quartets, that form in the presence of monovalent cations. Efforts are currently being made to identify ligands that selectively bind to G-quadruplex motifs as these compounds may interfere with the telomere structure, telomere elongation/replication and proliferation of cancer cells. The kinetics of quadruplex-ligands interactions are poorly understood: it is not clear whether quadruplex ligands lock into the preformed structure (i.e. increase the lifetime of the structure by lowering the dissociation constant, k(off)) or whether ligands actively promote the formation of the complex and act as quadruplex chaperones by increasing the association constant, k(on). We studied the effect of a selective quadruplex ligand, a bisquinolinium pyridine dicarboxamide compound called 360A, to distinguish these two possibilities. We demonstrated that, in addition to binding to and locking into preformed quadruplexes, this molecule acted as a chaperone for tetramolecular complexes by acting on k(on). This observation has implications for in vitro and in vivo applications of quadruplexes and should be taken into account when evaluating the cellular responses to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d′Histoire Naturelle USM 503, INSERM UR 565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne De Cian
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Interactions Moléculaires, Collège de France, CNRS UPR285, 75005 Paris, France
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Bertrand H, Monchaud D, De Cian A, Guillot R, Mergny JL, Teulade-Fichou MP. The importance of metal geometry in the recognition of G-quadruplex-DNA by metal-terpyridine complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2555-9. [PMID: 18019527 DOI: 10.1039/b708635k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bertrand
- Institut Curie, Section Recherche, CNRS UMR176, Centre Universitaire Paris XI, Bât. 110, 91405 Orsay, France
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Abstract
Repetitive 5′GGXGG DNA segments abound in, or near, regulatory regions of the genome and may form unusual structures called G-quadruplexes. Using NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that a family of 5′GCGGXGGY sequences adopts a folding topology containing double-chain reversals. The topology is composed of two bistranded quadruplex monomeric units linked by formation of G:C:G:C tetrads. We provide a complete thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of 13 different sequences using absorbance spectroscopy and DSC, and compare their kinetics with a canonical tetrameric parallel-stranded quadruplex formed by TG4T. We demonstrate large differences (up to 105-fold) in the association constants of these quadruplexes depending on primary sequence; the fastest samples exhibiting association rate equal or higher than the canonical TG4T quadruplex. In contrast, all sequences studied here unfold at a lower temperature than this quadruplex. Some sequences have thermodynamic stability comparable to the canonical TG4T tetramolecular quadruplex, but with faster association and dissociation. Sequence effects on the dissociation processes are discussed in light of structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Mergny
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Jean-Louis Mergny: Tel: +33 1 40 79 36 89; Fax: +33 1 40 79 37 05;
| | | | | | - Mateus Webba da Silva
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of UlsterColeraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondance may also be addressed to M. Webba da Silva. Tel: +44 28 7032 4009; Fax: +44 28 7032 4375;
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Kaiser M, De Cian A, Sainlos M, Renner C, Mergny JL, Teulade-Fichou MP. Neomycin-capped aromatic platforms: quadruplex DNA recognition and telomerase inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1049-57. [PMID: 16525549 DOI: 10.1039/b516378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of aminoglycoside-capped macrocyclic structures has been prepared using intramolecular bis-tethering of neomycin on three aromatic platforms (phenanthroline, acridine, quinacridine). Based on NMR and calculations studies, it was found that the cyclic compounds adopt a highly flexible structure without conformational restriction of the aminoglycoside moiety. FRET-melting stabilization measurements showed that the series displays moderate to high affinity for the G4-conformation of human telomeric repeats, this effect being correlated with the size of the aromatic moiety. In addition, a FRET competition assay evidenced the poor binding ability of all macrocycles for duplex DNA and a clear binding preference for loop-containing intramolecular G4 structures compared to tetramolecular parallel G4 DNA. Finally, TRAP experiments demonstrated that the best G4-binder (quinacridine ) is also a potent and selective telomerase inhibitor with an IC(50) in the submicromolar range (200 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kaiser
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Interactions Moléculaires, Collège de France, CNRS UPR 285, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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Gros J, Webba da Silva M, De Cian A, Amrane S, Rosu F, Bourdoncle A, Saccà B, Alberti P, Lacroix L, Mergny JL. Kinetics and thermodynamics of G-quadruplexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005:61-2. [PMID: 17150633 DOI: 10.1093/nass/49.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The melting of tetramolecular DNA or RNA quadruplexes is kinetically irreversible. However, rather than being a hindrance, this kinetic inertia allows us to study association and dissociation processes independently. General rules have been extended to longer DNA motifs or sequences containing modified bases such as 8-oxo or 7-deaza guanine. Results were compared with the canonical TG4T and TG5T tetramers: we demonstrate huge differences (up to 10(5)-fold) in the association constants of these quadruplexes depending on primary sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gros
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR5153, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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Guittat L, De Cian A, Rosu F, Gabelica V, De Pauw E, Delfourne E, Mergny JL. Ascididemin and meridine stabilise G-quadruplexes and inhibit telomerase in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1724:375-84. [PMID: 15950388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ascididemin and Meridine are two marine compounds with pyridoacridine skeletons known to exhibit interesting antitumour activities. These molecules have been reported to behave like DNA intercalators. In this study, dialysis competition assay and mass spectrometry experiments were used to determine the affinity of ascididemin and meridine for DNA structures among duplexes, triplexes, quadruplexes and single-strands. Our data confirm that ascididemin and meridine interact with DNA but also recognize triplex and quadruplex structures. These molecules exhibit a significant preference for quadruplexes over duplexes or single-strands. Meridine is a stronger quadruplex ligand and therefore a stronger telomerase inhibitor than ascididemin (IC50=11 and >80 muM, respectively in a standard TRAP assay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Guittat
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM UR 565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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Granotier C, Pennarun G, Riou L, Hoffschir F, Gauthier LR, De Cian A, Gomez D, Mandine E, Riou JF, Mergny JL, Mailliet P, Dutrillaux B, Boussin FD. Preferential binding of a G-quadruplex ligand to human chromosome ends. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:4182-90. [PMID: 16052031 PMCID: PMC1181860 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-overhangs of telomeres are thought to adopt particular conformations, such as T-loops or G-quadruplexes. It has been suggested that G-quadruplex structures could be stabilized by specific ligands in a new approach to cancer treatment consisting in inhibition of telomerase, an enzyme involved in telomere maintenance and cell immortality. Although the formation of G-quadruplexes was demonstrated in vitro many years ago, it has not been definitively demonstrated in living human cells. We therefore investigated the chromosomal binding of a tritiated G-quadruplex ligand, 3H-360A (2,6-N,N'-methyl-quinolinio-3-yl)-pyridine dicarboxamide [methyl-3H]. We verified the in vitro selectivity of 3H-360A for G-quadruplex structures by equilibrium dialysis. We then showed by binding experiments with human genomic DNA that 3H-360A has a very potent selectivity toward G-quadruplex structures of the telomeric 3'-overhang. Finally, we performed autoradiography of metaphase spreads from cells cultured with 3H-360A. We found that 3H-360A was preferentially bound to chromosome terminal regions of both human normal (peripheral blood lymphocytes) and tumor cells (T98G and CEM1301). In conclusion, our results provide evidence that a specific G-quadruplex ligand interacts with the terminal ends of human chromosomes. They support the hypothesis that G-quadruplex ligands induce and/or stabilize G-quadruplex structures at telomeres of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Pennarun
- LRP, DRR, CEA92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM 50375005 Paris, France
| | - Lydia Riou
- LRP, DRR, CEA92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | - Anne De Cian
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM 50375005 Paris, France
| | - Dennis Gomez
- Laboratoire d'Onco-Pharmacologie, JE 2428, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne51096, Reims, France
| | - Eliane Mandine
- Aventis Pharma SA, Centre de Recherche de Paris94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-François Riou
- Laboratoire d'Onco-Pharmacologie, JE 2428, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne51096, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM 50375005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Mailliet
- Aventis Pharma SA, Centre de Recherche de Paris94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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Mergny JL, De Cian A, Ghelab A, Saccà B, Lacroix L. Kinetics of tetramolecular quadruplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:81-94. [PMID: 15642696 PMCID: PMC546136 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The melting of tetramolecular DNA or RNA quadruplexes is kinetically irreversible. However, rather than being a hindrance, this kinetic inertia allows us to study association and dissociation processes independently. From a kinetic point of view, the association reaction is fourth order in monomer and the dissociation first order in quadruplex. The association rate constant k (on), expressed in M(-3) x s(-1) decreases with increasing temperature, reflecting a negative activation energy (E (on)) for the sequences presented here. Association is favored by an increase in monocation concentration. The first-order dissociation process is temperature dependent, with a very positive activation energy E (off), but nearly ionic strength independent. General rules may be drawn up for various DNA and RNA sequence motifs, involving 3-6 consecutive guanines and 0-5 protruding bases. RNA quadruplexes are more stable than their DNA counterparts as a result of both faster association and slower dissociation. In most cases, no dissociation is found for G-tracts of 5 guanines or more in sodium, 4 guanines or more in potassium. The data collected here allow us to predict the amount of time required for 50% (or 90%) quadruplex formation as a function of strand sequence and concentration, temperature and ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM503 INSERM U565, CNRS UMR 5153, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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