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Visram A, De La Torre A, White D, Su J, Masih-Khan E, Chu M, Jimenez-Zepeda V, McCurdy A, LeBlanc R, Song K, Mian H, Louzada M, Sebag M, Bergstrom D, Stakiw J, Reiman A, Kotb R, Aslam M, Venner C, Kaedbey R, Gul E, Reece D. Real world data on outcomes of anti-CD38 antibody treated, including triple class refractory, patients with multiple myeloma: a multi-institutional report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) Database. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:181. [PMID: 38065967 PMCID: PMC10709576 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the availability of novel agents. This multi-center retrospective cohort study used the Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database to describe real-world outcomes of patients withanti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) refractory MM subsequently treated with standard of care (SoC) regimens. Patients with triple class refractory (TCR) disease (refractory to a proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug, and anti-CD38 mAb) were examined as a distinct cohort. Overall, 663 patients had disease progression on anti-CD38 mAb therapy, 466 received further treatment (346 with SoC regimens were included, 120 with investigational agents on clinical trial and were excluded). The median age at initiation of subsequent SoC therapy of 67.9 (range 39.6-89.6) years with a median of 3 prior lines (range 1-9). The median PFS and OS from the start of subsequent therapy was 4.6 (95% CI 4.1-5.6) months and 13.3 (95% CI 10.6-16.6) months, respectively. The median PFS and OS of patients with TCR disease (n = 199) was 4.4 (95% CI 3.6-5.3) months and 10.5 (95% CI 8.5-13.8) months. Our results reinforce that real-world patients with relapsed MM, particularly those with TCR disease, have dismal outcomes. There remains an urgent unmet need for the development of and access to effective therapeutics for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Visram
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A De La Torre
- Division of Hematology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - D White
- Division of Hematology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J Su
- Canadian Myeloma Research Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Masih-Khan
- Canadian Myeloma Research Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Chu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - V Jimenez-Zepeda
- Tom Baker Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A McCurdy
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R LeBlanc
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K Song
- The Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program of BC, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H Mian
- Juravinski Cancer Centre (Hamilton-CCO), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Louzada
- University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - M Sebag
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Bergstrom
- Division of Hematology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - J Stakiw
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A Reiman
- Oncology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - R Kotb
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M Aslam
- Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - C Venner
- BC Cancer - Vancouver Centre, Lymphoma and Myeloma Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Kaedbey
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E Gul
- Canadian Myeloma Research Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Reece
- Canadian Myeloma Research Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Cajander N, Reiman A, Tappura S. Occupational safety and health and temporary agency work in multiemployer restaurants. Work 2023:WOR220033. [PMID: 36710697 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current occupational safety and health (OSH) literature calls for sociotechnical, system-level approaches that increase understanding of the underlying reasons for insufficient OSH performance in non-standard employment that is associated with lower labour and social security protection when compared with traditional forms of work. OBJECTIVE This study focused on temporary agency work (TAW) which is a central form of nonstandard employment. The objective was to explore OSH issues in temporary agency work (TAW) in small and medium -sized multiemployer restaurants in Finland and discuss the issues from the perspectives of the agency worker, user company and agency. METHODS A directed content analysis method was used to examine the data obtained from semi-structured interviews (n = 20) with agency workers, restaurant managers and experts representing the temporary work agencies, a pension insurer, and a labour union. The balanced work system theory was used as a framework for this qualitative analysis. RESULTS A variety of OSH risks and hazards in TAW were identified. In addition, the complexity of OSH management was highlighted in this triangular employment relationship between the agency worker, the user company, and the agency. CONCLUSION This study reveals problems related to OSH in TAW. Restaurants are entities separate from agencies, so establishing and adhering to a common process of OSH management is not simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Cajander
- Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Reiman
- Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Vaughn CP, Costa JL, Feilotter HE, Petraroli R, Bagai V, Rachiglio AM, Marino FZ, Tops B, Kurth HM, Sakai K, Mafficini A, Bastien RRL, Reiman A, Le Corre D, Boag A, Crocker S, Bihl M, Hirschmann A, Scarpa A, Machado JC, Blons H, Sheils O, Bramlett K, Ligtenberg MJL, Cree IA, Normanno N, Nishio K, Laurent-Puig P. Simultaneous detection of lung fusions using a multiplex RT-PCR next generation sequencing-based approach: a multi-institutional research study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:828. [PMID: 30115026 PMCID: PMC6097211 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene fusion events resulting from chromosomal rearrangements play an important role in initiation of lung adenocarcinoma. The recent association of four oncogenic driver genes, ALK, ROS1, RET, and NTRK1, as lung tumor predictive biomarkers has increased the need for development of up-to-date technologies for detection of these biomarkers in limited amounts of material. Methods We describe here a multi-institutional study using the Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA Fusion Lung Cancer Research Panel to interrogate previously characterized lung tumor samples. Results Reproducibility between laboratories using diluted fusion-positive cell lines was 100%. A cohort of lung clinical research samples from different origins (tissue biopsies, tissue resections, lymph nodes and pleural fluid samples) were used to evaluate the panel. We observed 97% concordance for ALK (28/30 positive; 71/70 negative samples), 95% for ROS1 (3/4 positive; 19/18 negative samples), and 93% for RET (2/1 positive; 13/14 negative samples) between the AmpliSeq assay and other methodologies. Conclusion This methodology enables simultaneous detection of multiple ALK, ROS1, RET, and NTRK1 gene fusion transcripts in a single panel, enhanced by an integrated analysis solution. The assay performs well on limited amounts of input RNA (10 ng) and offers an integrated single assay solution for detection of actionable fusions in lung adenocarcinoma, with potential savings in both cost and turn-around-time compared to the combination of all four assays by other methods. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4736-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily P Vaughn
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - José Luis Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Harriet E Feilotter
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Rachiglio
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Bastiaan Tops
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette M Kurth
- Viollier AG, Department of Genetics/Molecular Biology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-NET: Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roy R L Bastien
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anne Reiman
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Delphine Le Corre
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Biology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Boag
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Crocker
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Bihl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET: Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - José Carlos Machado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélène Blons
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Biology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Orla Sheils
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ian A Cree
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Walsgrave, Coventry, UK
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Biology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
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Musto P, Anderson KC, Attal M, Richardson PG, Badros A, Hou J, Comenzo R, Du J, Durie BGM, San Miguel J, Einsele H, Chen WM, Garderet L, Pietrantuono G, Hillengass J, Kyle RA, Moreau P, Lahuerta JJ, Landgren O, Ludwig H, Larocca A, Mahindra A, Cavo M, Mazumder A, McCarthy PL, Nouel A, Rajkumar SV, Reiman A, Riva E, Sezer O, Terpos E, Turesson I, Usmani S, Weiss BM, Palumbo A. Second primary malignancies in multiple myeloma: an overview and IMWG consensus. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1074. [PMID: 28541409 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gates DA, Anderson D, Anderson S, Zarnstorff M, Spong DA, Weitzner H, Neilson GH, Ruzic D, Andruczyk D, Harris JH, Mynick H, Hegna CC, Schmitz O, Talmadge JN, Curreli D, Maurer D, Boozer AH, Knowlton S, Allain JP, Ennis D, Wurden G, Reiman A, Lore JD, Landreman M, Freidberg JP, Hudson SR, Porkolab M, Demers D, Terry J, Edlund E, Lazerson SA, Pablant N, Fonck R, Volpe F, Canik J, Granetz R, Ware A, Hanson JD, Kumar S, Deng C, Likin K, Cerfon A, Ram A, Hassam A, Prager S, Paz-Soldan C, Pueschel MJ, Joseph I, Glasser AH. Stellarator Research Opportunities: A Report of the National Stellarator Coordinating Committee. J Fusion Energ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-018-0152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cree IA, Uttley L, Buckley Woods H, Kikuchi H, Reiman A, Harnan S, Whiteman BL, Philips ST, Messenger M, Cox A, Teare D, Sheils O, Shaw J. The evidence base for circulating tumour DNA blood-based biomarkers for the early detection of cancer: a systematic mapping review. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:697. [PMID: 29061138 PMCID: PMC5654013 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of circulating cell-free DNA from tumours in blood (ctDNA) is of major importance to those interested in early cancer detection, as well as to those wishing to monitor tumour progression or diagnose the presence of activating mutations to guide treatment. In 2014, the UK Early Cancer Detection Consortium undertook a systematic mapping review of the literature to identify blood-based biomarkers with potential for the development of a non-invasive blood test for cancer screening, and which identified this as a major area of interest. This review builds on the mapping review to expand the ctDNA dataset to examine the best options for the detection of multiple cancer types. METHODS The original mapping review was based on comprehensive searches of the electronic databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane library, and Biosis to obtain relevant literature on blood-based biomarkers for cancer detection in humans (PROSPERO no. CRD42014010827). The abstracts for each paper were reviewed to determine whether validation data were reported, and then examined in full. Publications concentrating on monitoring of disease burden or mutations were excluded. RESULTS The search identified 94 ctDNA studies meeting the criteria for review. All but 5 studies examined one cancer type, with breast, colorectal and lung cancers representing 60% of studies. The size and design of the studies varied widely. Controls were included in 77% of publications. The largest study included 640 patients, but the median study size was 65 cases and 35 controls, and the bulk of studies (71%) included less than 100 patients. Studies either estimated cfDNA levels non-specifically or tested for cancer-specific mutations or methylation changes (the majority using PCR-based methods). CONCLUSION We have systematically reviewed ctDNA blood biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. Pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical considerations were identified which need to be addressed before such biomarkers enter clinical practice. The value of small studies with no comparison between methods, or even the inclusion of controls is highly questionable, and larger validation studies will be required before such methods can be considered for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Cree
- WHO Classification of Tumours Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, CEDEX 08 France
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL, London, UK
| | - Lesley Uttley
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Helen Buckley Woods
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Hugh Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Anne Reiman
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
| | - Susan Harnan
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Becky L. Whiteman
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
| | | | - Michael Messenger
- Leeds Centre for Personalised Medicine and Health, University of Leeds and NIHR Diagnostic Evidence Co-Operative Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Dawn Teare
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Orla Sheils
- Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James’s Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacqui Shaw
- University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
| | - For the UK Early Cancer Detection Consortium
- WHO Classification of Tumours Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, CEDEX 08 France
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL, London, UK
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- Leeds Centre for Personalised Medicine and Health, University of Leeds and NIHR Diagnostic Evidence Co-Operative Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
- Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James’s Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
- University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
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7
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Costa JL, Weren R, Rachiglio AM, Mafficini A, Kurth H, Reiman A, Didelot A, Boag A, Vollbrecht C, Nishino K, Feilotter HE, Laurent-Puig P, Sheils O, Scarpa A, Ligtenberg M, Cree IA, Hummel M, Machado JC, Normanno N. Abstract 5694: Multi institutional evaluation of a new NGS assay for mutation detection from cfDNA in lung cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The detection of actionable mutations in lung cancer is still a major challenge due to the lack of tissue specimens for molecular profiling of the tumor in approximately 25% of patients. The circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) isolated from plasma of cancer patients is an alternative, minimally invasive source of tumor DNA that also allows rapid determination of the mutational status of the tumor. However, the intrinsic low abundance of mutations in cfDNA makes their detection and quantification in plasma a challenging task. Here we report a multi-institutional validation of the Oncomine cfDNA Lung Cancer assay for the analyses of cfDNA in molecular pathology laboratories.
Methods: The Oncomine cfDNA Lung assays is a multiplexed sequencing assay for liquid biopsy that generates reads containing targeted ctDNA regions along with a molecular tag. In order to allow an initial uniform evaluation of the assay, the Multiplex I cfDNA Reference Standard (Horizon Dx) derived from human cell lines, and fragmented to an average size of 160bp±10% (144bp–176bp) to closely resemble cfDNA extracted from human plasma, was used. The reference sample covers 8 mutations in the EGFR, KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA genes at 5%, 1%, 0.1% allelic frequencies and wildtype allele. The same lot of control sample was distributed to the participating laboratories within the OncoNetwork Consortium. Samples were sequenced twice in each laboratory either using the Ion PGM system or the Ion S5 system. Libraries were templated using the Ion Chef and multiplexed as four libraries on a 318/520 chip or eight libraries on a 530 chip. A bioinformatics pipeline within the Torrent Server software allowed for automated variant calling.
Results: The laboratories involved in the study were able to detect the 8 hotspot base changes and indels present in the control samples at allelic frequencies from 0.1% to 5% with an average 94.05% sensitivity (range 87.50% - 97.92%) and an average 99.87% specificity (range 99.53% - 100%). When only considering variants at the 0.1% allelic frequency, the average sensitivity was 83.04% (range 68.75% - 99.95%) and the average specificity was 99.95% (range 99.68% - 99.95%). Notably, at the 0.1% allelic frequency, all the participating laboratories were able to detect the challenging EGFR p.T790M variant that is a marker of sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Conclusions: These preliminary data confirm the potential of the Oncomine cfDNA lung assay for plasma genotyping to allow for the noninvasive, multiplexed detection of complex, targetable genomic alterations in lung cancer.
Citation Format: Jose L. Costa, Robbert Weren, Anna Maria Rachiglio, Andrea Mafficini, Henriette Kurth, Anne Reiman, Audrey Didelot, Alexander Boag, Claudia Vollbrecht, Kazuto Nishino, Harriet E. Feilotter, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Orla Sheils, Aldo Scarpa, Marjolijn Ligtenberg, Ian A. Cree, Michael Hummel, Jose Carlos Machado, Nicola Normanno. Multi institutional evaluation of a new NGS assay for mutation detection from cfDNA in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5694. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5694
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robbert Weren
- 2Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Maria Rachiglio
- 3Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Anne Reiman
- 6University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Didelot
- 7University Paris Descartes, Paris France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Claudia Vollbrecht
- 9Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- 7University Paris Descartes, Paris France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Orla Sheils
- 11Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- 4ARC-NET: Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Ian A. Cree
- 6University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hummel
- 9Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Normanno
- 12Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
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Weller A, Sakakibara S, Watanabe KY, Toi K, Geiger J, Zarnstorff MC, Hudson SR, Reiman A, Werner A, Nührenberg C, Ohdachi S, Suzuki Y, Yamada H. Significance of MHD Effects in Stellarator Confinement. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Weller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP Association, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S. Sakakibara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Y. Watanabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Toi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - J. Geiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP Association, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - S. R. Hudson
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - A. Reiman
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - A. Werner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP Association, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - C. Nührenberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP Association, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S. Ohdachi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H. Yamada
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
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9
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Fu GY, Isaev M, Ku LP, Mikhailov M, Redi MH, Sanchez R, Subbotin A, Cooper WA, Hirshman SP, Monticello DA, Reiman A, Zarnstorff M. Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Stability of the NCSX. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Y. Fu
- >Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - M. Isaev
- >Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - L. P. Ku
- >Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | | | - M. H. Redi
- >Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - R. Sanchez
- >Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - W. A. Cooper
- >CRPP0EPFL, Association Euratom-Suisse, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - D. A. Monticello
- >Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - A. Reiman
- >Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - M. Zarnstorff
- >Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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10
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Reiman A, Hirshman S, Hudson S, Monticello D, Rutherford P, Boozer A, Brooks A, Hatcher R, Ku L, Lazarus EA, Neilson H, Strickler D, White R, Zarnstorff M. Equilibrium and Flux Surface Issues in the Design of the NCSX. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Reiman
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - S. Hirshman
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2009, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - S. Hudson
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - D. Monticello
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - P. Rutherford
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - A. Boozer
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - A. Brooks
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - R. Hatcher
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - L. Ku
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - E. A. Lazarus
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - H. Neilson
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - D. Strickler
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2009, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - R. White
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - M. Zarnstorff
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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11
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Pomphrey N, Boozer A, Brooks A, Hatcher R, Hirshman SP, Hudson S, Ku LP, Lazarus EA, Mynick H, Monticello D, Redi M, Reiman A, Zarnstorff MC, Zatz I. NCSX Magnetic Configuration Flexibility and Robustness. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pomphrey
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - A. Boozer
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - A. Brooks
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - R. Hatcher
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - S. P. Hirshman
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - S. Hudson
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - L. P. Ku
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - E. A. Lazarus
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - H. Mynick
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - D. Monticello
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - M. Redi
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - A. Reiman
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - M. C. Zarnstorff
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
| | - I. Zatz
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
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12
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Reiman A, Kikuchi H, Scocchia D, Smith P, Tsang YW, Snead D, Cree IA. Validation of an NGS mutation detection panel for melanoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:150. [PMID: 28228113 PMCID: PMC5322598 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the genotype of melanoma is important to guide patient management. Identification of mutations in BRAF and c-KIT lead directly to targeted treatment, but it is also helpful to know if there are driver oncogene mutations in NRAS, GNAQ or GNA11 as these patients may benefit from alternative strategies such as immunotherapy. Methods While polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are often used to detect BRAF mutations, next generation sequencing (NGS) is able to determine all of the necessary information on several genes at once, with potential advantages in turnaround time. We describe here an Ampliseq hotspot panel for melanoma for use with the IonTorrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) which covers the mutations currently of most clinical interest. Results We have validated this in 151 cases of skin and uveal melanoma from our files, and correlated the data with PCR based assessment of BRAF status. There was excellent agreement, with few discrepancies, though NGS does have greater coverage and picks up some mutations that would be missed by PCR. However, these are often rare and of unknown significance for treatment. Conclusions PCR methods are rapid, less time-consuming and less expensive than NGS, and could be used as triage for patients requiring more extensive diagnostic workup. The NGS panel described here is suitable for clinical use with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3149-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Reiman
- Department of Pathology - Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services (CWPS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Centre for Research in Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Hugh Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology - Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services (CWPS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Centre for Research in Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Daniela Scocchia
- Department of Pathology - Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services (CWPS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Peter Smith
- Department of Pathology - Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services (CWPS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Yee Wah Tsang
- Department of Pathology - Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services (CWPS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - David Snead
- Department of Pathology - Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services (CWPS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ian A Cree
- Department of Pathology - Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Services (CWPS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK. .,Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research (CTEHR), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
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13
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Musto P, Anderson K, Attal M, Richardson P, Badros A, Hou J, Comenzo R, Du J, Durie B, San Miguel J, Einsele H, Chen W, Garderet L, Pietrantuono G, Hillengass J, Kyle R, Moreau P, Lahuerta J, Landgren O, Ludwig H, Larocca A, Mahindra A, Cavo M, Mazumder A, McCarthy P, Nouel A, Rajkumar S, Reiman A, Riva E, Sezer O, Terpos E, Turesson I, Usmani S, Weiss B, Palumbo A. Second primary malignancies in multiple myeloma: an overview and IMWG consensus. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:228-245. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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14
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Reiman A, Pandey S, Lloyd KL, Dyer N, Khan M, Crockard M, Latten MJ, Watson TL, Cree IA, Grammatopoulos DK. Molecular testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia-associated mutations in a UK-based cohort: development of an NGS-based method and comparison with multiplex polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide arrays. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 53:654-662. [PMID: 26748104 DOI: 10.1177/0004563216629170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Detection of disease-associated mutations in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia is crucial for early interventions to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Screening for these mutations represents a methodological challenge since more than 1200 different causal mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor has been identified. A number of methodological approaches have been developed for screening by clinical diagnostic laboratories. Methods Using primers targeting, the low-density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein B, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, we developed a novel Ion Torrent-based targeted re-sequencing method. We validated this in a West Midlands-UK small cohort of 58 patients screened in parallel with other mutation-targeting methods, such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Elucigene FH20), oligonucleotide arrays (Randox familial hypercholesterolaemia array) or the Illumina next-generation sequencing platform. Results In this small cohort, the next-generation sequencing method achieved excellent analytical performance characteristics and showed 100% and 89% concordance with the Randox array and the Elucigene FH20 assay. Investigation of the discrepant results identified two cases of mutation misclassification of the Elucigene FH20 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. A number of novel mutations not previously reported were also identified by the next-generation sequencing method. Conclusions Ion Torrent-based next-generation sequencing can deliver a suitable alternative for the molecular investigation of familial hypercholesterolaemia patients, especially when comprehensive mutation screening for rare or unknown mutations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Reiman
- 1 Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, UK
| | - Sarojini Pandey
- 2 Pathology Service, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, UK
| | | | - Nigel Dyer
- 3 Systems Biology, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Mike Khan
- 4 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, UK
| | - Martin Crockard
- 5 Molecular Diagnostics Group, Randox Laboratories Limited, UK
| | - Mark J Latten
- 5 Molecular Diagnostics Group, Randox Laboratories Limited, UK
| | - Tracey L Watson
- 5 Molecular Diagnostics Group, Randox Laboratories Limited, UK
| | - Ian A Cree
- 2 Pathology Service, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, UK
| | - Dimitris K Grammatopoulos
- 1 Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, UK.,2 Pathology Service, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, UK
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15
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Tops BBJ, Normanno N, Kurth H, Amato E, Mafficini A, Rieber N, Le Corre D, Rachiglio AM, Reiman A, Sheils O, Noppen C, Lacroix L, Cree IA, Scarpa A, Ligtenberg MJL, Laurent-Puig P. Development of a semi-conductor sequencing-based panel for genotyping of colon and lung cancer by the Onconetwork consortium. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:26. [PMID: 25637035 PMCID: PMC4318366 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The number of predictive biomarkers that will be necessary to assess in clinical practice will increase with the availability of drugs that target specific molecular alterations. Therefore, diagnostic laboratories are confronted with new challenges: costs, turn-around-time and the amount of material required for testing will increase with the number of tests performed on a sample. Our consortium of European clinical research laboratories set out to test if semi-conductor sequencing provides a solution for these challenges. Methods We designed a multiplex PCR targeting 87 hotspot regions in 22 genes that are of clinical interest for lung and/or colorectal cancer. The gene-panel was tested by 7 different labs in their own clinical setting using ion-semiconductor sequencing. Results We analyzed 155 samples containing 112 previously identified mutations in the KRAS, EGFR en BRAF genes. Only 1 sample failed analysis due to poor quality of the DNA. All other samples were correctly genotyped for the known mutations, even as low as 2%, but also revealed other mutations. Optimization of the primers used in the multiplex PCR resulted in a uniform coverage distribution over the amplicons that allows for efficient pooling of samples in a sequencing run. Conclusions We show that a semi-conductor based sequencing approach to stratify colon and lung cancer patients is feasible in a clinical setting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1015-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan B J Tops
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), PO box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Pharmacogenomic Laboratory, CROM - Centro Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano, Mercogliano, 83013, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Henriette Kurth
- VIOLLIER, Department of Genetics/Molecular Biology, Basle, Switzerland.
| | - Eliana Amato
- ARC-NET Miriam Cherubini Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-NET Miriam Cherubini Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Nora Rieber
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Delphine Le Corre
- Paris Sorbonne Cité; INSERM UMR-S775, Bases moléculaires des la réponses aux xénobiotiques, Paris, France.
| | - Anna Maria Rachiglio
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anne Reiman
- Department of Pathology, Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, The University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Christoph Noppen
- VIOLLIER, Department of Genetics/Molecular Biology, Basle, Switzerland.
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Translational research Laboratory and Biobank (UMS3655 CNRS/US23 INSERM), INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Ian A Cree
- Department of Pathology, Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Miriam Cherubini Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. .,Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), PO box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), PO box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Paris Sorbonne Cité; INSERM UMR-S775, Bases moléculaires des la réponses aux xénobiotiques, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Background KRAS mutation assays are important companion diagnostic tests to guide anti-EGFR antibody treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Direct comparison of newer diagnostic methods with existing methods is an important part of validation of any new technique. In this this study, we have compared the Therascreen (Qiagen) ARMS assay with Competitive Allele-Specific TaqMan PCR (castPCR, Life Technologies) to determine equivalence for KRAS mutation analysis. Methods DNA was extracted by Maxwell (Promega) from 99 colorectal cancers. The ARMS-based Therascreen and a customized castPCR assay were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All assays were performed on either an Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Dx or a ViiA7 real-time PCR machine (both from Life Technologies). The data were collected and discrepant results re-tested with newly extracted DNA from the same blocks in both assay types. Results Of the 99 tumors included, Therascreen showed 62 tumors to be wild-type (WT) for KRAS, while 37 had KRAS mutations on initial testing. CastPCR showed 61 tumors to be wild-type (WT) for KRAS, while 38 had KRAS mutations. Thirteen tumors showed BRAF mutation in castPCR and in one of these there was also a KRAS mutation. The custom castPCR plate included several other KRAS mutations and BRAF V600E, not included in Therascreen, explaining the higher number of mutations detected by castPCR. Re-testing of discrepant results was required in three tumors, all of which then achieved concordance for KRAS. CastPCR assay Ct values were on average 2 cycles lower than Therascreen. Conclusion There was excellent correlation between the two methods. Although castPCR assay shows lower Ct values than Therascreen, this is unlikely to be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bolton
- Department of Pathology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Reiman
- Department of Pathology and Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Lucas
- Department of Pathology and Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Timms
- Department of Pathology and Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A. Cree
- Department of Pathology and Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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17
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Seymour L, Le Teuff G, Tsao M, Brambilla E, Shepherd F, Soria J, Kratzke R, Graziano S, Douillard J, Rosell R, Reiman A, Lacas B, Bourredjem A, Le Chevalier T, Pirker R, Filipits M, Hainaut P, Janne P, Pignon J. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Act (Adjuvant Chemotherapy) in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (R-Nsclc): Lace-Bio. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu326.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Ocio EM, Richardson PG, Rajkumar SV, Palumbo A, Mateos MV, Orlowski R, Kumar S, Usmani S, Roodman D, Niesvizky R, Einsele H, Anderson KC, Dimopoulos MA, Avet-Loiseau H, Mellqvist UH, Turesson I, Merlini G, Schots R, McCarthy P, Bergsagel L, Chim CS, Lahuerta JJ, Shah J, Reiman A, Mikhael J, Zweegman S, Lonial S, Comenzo R, Chng WJ, Moreau P, Sonneveld P, Ludwig H, Durie BGM, Miguel JFS. New drugs and novel mechanisms of action in multiple myeloma in 2013: a report from the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG). Leukemia 2014; 28:525-42. [PMID: 24253022 PMCID: PMC4143389 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment in medical oncology is gradually shifting from the use of nonspecific chemotherapeutic agents toward an era of novel targeted therapy in which drugs and their combinations target specific aspects of the biology of tumor cells. Multiple myeloma (MM) has become one of the best examples in this regard, reflected in the identification of new pathogenic mechanisms, together with the development of novel drugs that are being explored from the preclinical setting to the early phases of clinical development. We review the biological rationale for the use of the most important new agents for treating MM and summarize their clinical activity in an increasingly busy field. First, we discuss data from already approved and active agents (including second- and third-generation proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory agents and alkylators). Next, we focus on agents with novel mechanisms of action, such as monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), cell cycle-specific drugs, deacetylase inhibitors, agents acting on the unfolded protein response, signaling transduction pathway inhibitors and kinase inhibitors. Among this plethora of new agents or mechanisms, some are specially promising: anti-CD38 MoAb, such as daratumumab, are the first antibodies with clinical activity as single agents in MM. Moreover, the kinesin spindle protein inhibitor Arry-520 is effective in monotherapy as well as in combination with dexamethasone in heavily pretreated patients. Immunotherapy against MM is also being explored, and probably the most attractive example of this approach is the combination of the anti-CS1 MoAb elotuzumab with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, which has produced exciting results in the relapsed/refractory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ocio
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca-IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - P G Richardson
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S V Rajkumar
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Palumbo
- Department of Hematology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M V Mateos
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca-IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S Usmani
- M.I.R.T. UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - D Roodman
- Director of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Niesvizky
- Department of Hematology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - K C Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M A Dimopoulos
- School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - H Avet-Loiseau
- Department of Hematology, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - U-H Mellqvist
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Turesson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | - G Merlini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Univeristy of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Schots
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, University Ziekenhuis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - L Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - C S Chim
- Department of Hematology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - J J Lahuerta
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Shah
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Reiman
- Department of Oncology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John Regional Hospital, St John, NB, Canada
| | - J Mikhael
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - S Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R Comenzo
- Department of Hematology, Tufts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W J Chng
- Department of Hematology Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - P Moreau
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - P Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Ludwig
- Department of Medicine, Center for Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Care, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - J F S Miguel
- 1] Department of Hematology, University Hospital and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca-IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain [2] Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Reiman A, Lu X, Seabra L, Boora U, Nahorski MS, Wei W, Maher ER. Gene expression and protein array studies of folliculin-regulated pathways. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:4663-4670. [PMID: 23155228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The familial cancer syndrome Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is characterised by the development of skin (fibrofolliculomas) and renal tumours (and lung cysts) and is caused by mutations in the FLCN tumour suppressor gene. Though the FLCN gene product (folliculin) has been linked to the regulation of a variety of signalling pathways (e.g. the mTOR, AMPK, TGFbeta and hyoxia-responsive genes) the precise function of the folliculin protein is not well-defined. In order to identify potential novel pathways linked to folliculin function we analysed paired isogenic folliculin-deficient and folliculin-expressing cell lines by gene expression and protein (Kinexus) arrays. Gene expression microarray analysis in the folliculin +/- non-renal cancer line (FTC133), revealed 708 differentially expressed targets (fold change >2 and p<0.001) with enrichment of genes in the cadherin and Wnt signalling pathways. Comparison of the differentially expressed genes in the FTC133 datasets and previously reported gene expression data for a folliculin-deficient renal tumour and the UOK257 renal cell carcinoma cell line, revealed that RAB27B was dysregulated in all three datasets (increased expression in folliculin-deficient cells). The Kinexus protein array analysis suggested 73 candidate, differentially expressed, proteins and further investigation by western blot analysis of 5 candidates that were also differentially expressed in the FTC133 gene expression microarray data, revealed that EIF2AK2 (PKR) and CASP1 were reduced and PLCG2 was increased in folliculin-deficient FTC133 cells and in a BHD renal tumour. In view of the role of CASP1 in apoptosis we investigated whether other apoptosis-related proteins might be regulated by folliculin and found increased levels of SMAC/Diablo and HtrA2 in folliculin-expressing FTC133 cells. These findings identify novel pathways and targets linked to folliculin tumour suppressor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Reiman
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine and Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Nahorski MS, Seabra L, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Wingenfeld A, Reiman A, Lu X, Klomp JA, Teh BT, Hatzfeld M, Gissen P, Maher ER. Folliculin interacts with p0071 (plakophilin-4) and deficiency is associated with disordered RhoA signalling, epithelial polarization and cytokinesis. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:5268-79. [PMID: 22965878 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited mutations in the folliculin (FLCN) gene cause the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome of familial hair follicle tumours (fibrofolliculomas), lung cysts and kidney tumours. Though folliculin has features of a tumour suppressor, the precise function of the FLCN gene product is not well characterized. We identified plakophilin-4 (p0071) as a potential novel folliculin interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid analysis. We confirmed the interaction of folliculin with p0071 by co-immunoprecipitation studies and, in view of previous studies linking p0071 to the regulation of rho-signalling, cytokinesis and intercellular junction formation, we investigated the effect of cell folliculin status on p0071-related functions. Folliculin and p0071 partially co-localized at cell junctions and in mitotic cells, at the midbody during cytokinesis. Previously, p0071 has been reported to regulate RhoA signalling during cytokinesis and we found that folliculin deficiency was associated with increased expression and activity of RhoA and evidence of disordered cytokinesis. Treatment of folliculin-deficient cells with a downstream inhibitor of RhoA signalling (the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632) reversed the increased cell migration phenotype observed in folliculin-deficient cells. Deficiency of folliculin and of p0071 resulted in tight junction defects and mislocalization of E-cadherin in mouse inner medullary collecting duct-3 renal tubular cells. These findings suggest that aspects of folliculin tumour suppressor function are linked to interaction with p0071 and the regulation of RhoA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nahorski
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Pablant NA, Bitter M, Delgado-Aparicio L, Goto M, Hill KW, Lazerson S, Morita S, Roquemore AL, Gates D, Monticello D, Nielson H, Reiman A, Reinke M, Rice JE, Yamada H. Layout and results from the initial operation of the high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer on the Large Helical Device. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:083506. [PMID: 22938293 DOI: 10.1063/1.4744935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
First results of ion and electron temperature profile measurements from the x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) diagnostic on the Large Helical Device (LHD) are presented. This diagnostic system has been operational since the beginning of the 2011 LHD experimental campaign and is the first application of the XICS diagnostic technique to helical plasma geometry. The XICS diagnostic provides measurements of ion and electron temperature profiles in LHD with a spatial resolution of 2 cm and a maximum time resolution of 5 ms (typically 20 ms). Ion temperature profiles from the XICS diagnostic are possible under conditions where charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) is not possible (high density) or is perturbative to the plasma (low density or radio frequency heated plasmas). Measurements are made by using a spherically bent crystal to provide a spectrally resolved 1D image of the plasma from line integrated emission of helium-like Ar(16 +). The final hardware design and configuration are detailed along with the calibration procedures. Line-integrated ion and electron temperature measurements are presented, and the measurement accuracy is discussed. Finally central temperature measurements from the XICS system are compared to measurements from the Thomson scattering and CXRS systems, showing excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Pablant
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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Lu X, Boora U, Fenton J, Reiman A, Seebra L, Maher ER. Abstract LB-259: Knockdown of slingshot2 serine phosphatase induces caspase3 activation in human carcinoma cell lines with the loss of the Birt-Hogg-Dubé tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) Syndrome, is a dominantly familial cancer syndrome associated with susceptibility to renal cancer carcinoma (RCC) caused by inactivating mutations in the folliculin (FLCN) gene. The precise functions of the FLCN gene product are still under investigation but RCC from BHD patients show loss of the wild type allele consistent with a tumour suppressor gene function. In search for potential synthetic-lethal targets for FLCN using a phosphatase siRNA library screen approach, we found that knockdown of SSH2 serine phosphatase (one of the three members of Slingshot family and actively involved in Actin reorganization) specifically induced caspase 3/7 activity in a dose-dependent manner (up to 6 fold increase, 10nM, 72hrs) in two human cell lines (BHD-origin renal cell carcinoma UOK-257 and thyroid carcinoma FTC-133) with loss of FLCN expression, but not in their folliculin expressing isogenic cell lines. SSH2 siRNA-induced knockdown was verified by real-time PCR (up to 60% reduction in SSH2 transcripts, 10nM siRNA, 48hrs), but SSH1 and SSH3 transcripts were increased up to 3 fold (suggesting a compensatory regulatory mechanism among members of SSH family). Further investigation of the underlining mechanism of caspase induction by SSH2 knockdown in FLCN-null cells exhibited that there was a dose-dependent increase in G1 cell population (up to 20% increase, 20nM SSH2 siRNA, 72hrs). Combination treatment of SSH2 + SSH1 siRNAs, but not SSH2 + SSH3 siRNAs potentiated induction of caspase 3 activity and G1 cell cycle arrest. These data indicate that apoptotic cell death in FLCN-null cells can be triggered by SSH2 knockdown through G1 arrest and provide a tool to develop potential therapeutic agents for BHD patients.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-259. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-259
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lu
- 1Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Uncaar Boora
- 1Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Fenton
- 1Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Reiman
- 1Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Seebra
- 1Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn R. Maher
- 1Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Nahorski MS, Seabra L, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Wingenfeld A, Reiman A, Lu X, Gissen P, Hatzfeld M, Maher E. Abstract LB-145: Folliculin interacts with p0071 (Plakophilin-4) and deficiency is associated with disordered RhoA signalling, epithelial polarization and cytokinesis. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inherited mutations in the folliculin gene (FLCN) cause the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome of familial hair follicle tumours (fibrofolliculomas), lung cysts and kidney tumours. Though folliculin has features of a tumour suppressor, the precise function of the FLCN gene product is not well characterised. We identified plakophilin-4 (PKP4, p0071) as a potential novel folliculin interacting protein by yeast-2-hybrid analysis. We confirmed the interaction of folliculin with p0071 by co-immunoprecipitation studies and, in view of previous studies linking p0071 to regulation of rho-signalling, cytokinesis and intercellular junction formation, we investigated the effect of cell folliculin status on p0071-related functions. Folliculin and p0071 partially colocalised at cell junctions and in mitotic cells, at the midbody during cytokinesis. Previously, p0071 has been reported to regulate RhoA signalling during cytokinesis and we found that folliculin deficiency was associated with increased expression and activity of RhoA and evidence of disordered cytokinesis. Treatment of folliculin deficient cells with a downstream inhibitor of RhoA signalling (the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632) reversed the increased cell migration phenotype observed in folliculin deficient cells. Deficiency of folliculin and of p0071 resulted in tight junction defects and mislocalisation of E-cadherin in IMCD-3 renal tubular cells. These findings suggest that aspects of folliculin tumour suppressor function are linked to interaction with p0071 and regulation of RhoA signalling.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-145. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-145
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anne Reiman
- 1University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- 1University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Gissen
- 2University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eamonn Maher
- 1University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Kanerva M, Ollgren J, Lyytikainen O, Agthe N, Mottonen T, Kauppinen M, Laurila K, Suomalainen P, Vuorela R, Ryhta I, Vastamaki R, Helen M, Hietaniemi K, Varis T, Eliin L, Nieminen J, Skogberg K, Salminen R, Yrjonsalo ML, Kimmo AM, Sandberg K, Tuppurainen T, Mattila K, Aalto A, Anttila VJ, Estlander C, Hamalainen M, Jalkanen M, Kanerva M, Kuutamo T, Lappalainen T, Mattila P, Pipping D, Ratia M, Sammalkorpi K, Simons L, Tommila P, Totterman I, Lehtinen P, Torvinen S, Eklund M, Fellman M, Mikkola J, Haapaniemi L, Junka A, Jakobsson A, Leppaaho-Lakka J, Patsi S, Rummukainen M, Tiitinen T, Liikka M, Hamalainen S, Koivula I, Rissanen AM, Ruotsalainen E, Terasvirta H, Hannola K, Marttinen T, Palosara J, Pietikainen R, Kaukoniemi U, Nurkkala-Pitko T, Broas M, Isojarvi J, Jagerroos H, Jankala E, Niemi P, Poyry S, Raisanen L, Leukka M, Dahl S, Ijas P, Karkkainen P, Vuorinen S, Heikkila H, Kaija T, Teirila I, Haapala J, Harkonen M, Reiman A, Salonen J, Sarkkinen H, Sihvola H, Turunen P, Taskila H, Virranniemi L, Huttunen S, Rintala E, Uusitalo-Seppala R, Pulli T, Sistonen A, Panttila A, Saikku J, Tapanainen M, Lumio J, Sinkkonen J, Routamaa M, Terho K, Elomaa N, Eriksen-Neuman B. Benchmarking antibiotic use in Finnish acute care hospitals using patient case-mix adjustment. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2651-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lu X, Wei W, Fenton J, Nahorski MS, Rabai E, Reiman A, Seabra L, Nagy Z, Latif F, Maher ER. Therapeutic targeting the loss of the birt-hogg-dube suppressor gene. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:80-9. [PMID: 21220493 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brit-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, an autosomal dominant familial cancer, is associated with increased risk of kidney cancer. BHD syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the folliculin (FLCN) protein. To develop therapeutic approaches for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in BHD syndrome, we adopted a strategy to identify tumor-selective growth inhibition in a RCC cell line with FLCN inactivation. The COMPARE algorithm was used to identify candidate anticancer drugs tested against the NCI-60 cell lines that showed preferential toxicity to low FLCN expressing cell lines. Fifteen compounds were selected and detailed growth inhibition (SRB) assays were done in paired BHD RCC cell lines (UOK257 derived from a patient with BHD). Selective sensitivity of FLCN-null over FLCN-wt UOK257 cells was observed in seven compounds. The most selective growth-inhibitory sensitivity was induced by mithramycin, which showed an approximately 10-fold difference in GI(50) values between FLCN-null (64.2 ± 7.9 nmol/L, n = 3) and FLCN-wt UOK257 cells (634.3 ± 147.9 nmol/L, n = 4). Differential ability to induce caspase 3/7 activity by mithramycin was also detected in a dose-dependent manner. Clonogenic survival studies showed mithramycin to be approximately 10-fold more cytotoxic to FLCN-null than FLCN-wt UOK257 cells (200 nmol/L). Following mithramycin exposure, UOK257-FLCN-null cells were mainly arrested and blocked in S and G(2)-M phases of the cell cycle and low dose of rapamycin (1 nmol/L) potentiated mithramycin sensitivity (1.5-fold in G(2)-M population and 2-fold in G(2)-M period time, 2xGI(50), 48 hours). These results provide a basis for further evaluation of mithramycin as a potential therapeutic drug for RCC associated with BHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, The United Kingdom
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Reiman A, Srinivasan V, Barone G, Last JI, Wootton LL, Davies EG, Verhagen MM, Willemsen MA, Weemaes CM, Byrd PJ, Izatt L, Easton DF, Thompson DJ, Taylor AM. Lymphoid tumours and breast cancer in ataxia telangiectasia; substantial protective effect of residual ATM kinase activity against childhood tumours. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:586-91. [PMID: 21792198 PMCID: PMC3170966 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunodeficiency in ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is less severe in patients expressing some mutant or normal ATM kinase activity. We, therefore, determined whether expression of residual ATM kinase activity also protected against tumour development in A-T. Methods: From a total of 296 consecutive genetically confirmed A-T patients from the British Isles and the Netherlands, we identified 66 patients who developed a malignant tumour; 47 lymphoid tumours and 19 non-lymphoid tumours were diagnosed. We determined their ATM mutations, and whether cells from these patients expressed any ATM with residual ATM kinase activity. Results: In childhood, total absence of ATM kinase activity was associated, almost exclusively, with development of lymphoid tumours. There was an overwhelming preponderance of tumours in patients <16 years without kinase activity compared with those with some residual activity, consistent with a substantial protective effect of residual ATM kinase activity against tumour development in childhood. In addition, the presence of eight breast cancers in A-T patients, a 30-fold increased risk, establishes breast cancer as part of the A-T phenotype. Conclusion: Overall, a spectrum of tumour types is associated with A-T, consistent with involvement of ATM in different mechanisms of tumour formation. Tumour type was influenced by ATM allelic heterogeneity, residual ATM kinase activity and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reiman
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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27
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Nahorski MS, Reiman A, Lim DHK, Nookala RK, Seabra L, Lu X, Fenton J, Boora U, Nordenskjöld M, Latif F, Hurst LD, Maher ER. Birt Hogg-Dubé syndrome-associated FLCN mutations disrupt protein stability. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:921-9. [PMID: 21538689 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in the FLCN gene cause Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, familial spontaneous pneumothorax, or apparently nonsyndromic inherited RCC. The vast majority of reported FLCN mutations are predicted to result in a truncated/absent gene product and so infrequent missense and inframe-deletion (IFD) FLCN mutations might indicate critical functional domains. To investigate this hypothesis we (1) undertook an in silico evolutionary analysis of the FLCN sequence and (2) investigated in vitro the functional effects of naturally occurring FLCN missense/IFD mutations. The folliculin protein sequence evolved more slowly and was under stronger purifying selection than the average gene, most notably at a region between codons 100 and 230. Pathogenic missense and IFD FLCN mutations that impaired folliculin tumor suppressor function significantly disrupted the stability of the FLCN gene product but two missense substitutions initially considered to be putative mutations did not impair protein stability, growth suppression activity, or intracellular localization of folliculin. These findings are consistent with the distribution of FLCN mutations throughout the coding sequence, and suggest that multiple protein domains contribute to folliculin stability and tumor suppressor activity. In vitro assessment of protein stability and tumor suppressor activity provides a practical strategy for assessing the pathogenicity of potential FLCN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nahorski
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine and Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Yee D, Butts C, Chu Q, Fenton D, Joy A, Reiman A, Smylie M, Roa W. Phase II Trial of Consolidation Chest Radiotherapy for Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Bitter M, Hill K, Gates D, Monticello D, Neilson H, Reiman A, Roquemore AL, Morita S, Goto M, Yamada H, Rice JE. Objectives and layout of a high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for the large helical device. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10E328. [PMID: 21034026 DOI: 10.1063/1.3490016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, whose concept was tested on NSTX and Alcator C-Mod, is being designed for the large helical device (LHD). This instrument will record spatially resolved spectra of helium-like Ar(16+) and will provide ion temperature profiles with spatial and temporal resolutions of <2 cm and ≥10 ms, respectively. The spectrometer layout and instrumental features are largely determined by the magnetic field structure of LHD. The stellarator equilibrium reconstruction codes, STELLOPT and PIES, will be used for the tomographic inversion of the spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bitter
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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30
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Yee D, Chu Q, Butts C, Joy A, Fenton D, Smylie M, Reiman A, Roa W. 77 PHASE 1 DOSE ESCALATION TRIAL OF LIMITED FIELD HYPOFRACTIONATED THORACIC RADIOTHERAPY FOR LIMITED STAGE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Barone G, Groom A, Reiman A, Srinivasan V, Byrd PJ, Taylor AMR. Modeling ATM mutant proteins from missense changes confirms retained kinase activity. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1222-30. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Austen B, Barone G, Reiman A, Byrd PJ, Baker C, Starczynski J, Nobbs MC, Murphy RP, Enright H, Chaila E, Quinn J, Stankovic T, Pratt G, Taylor AMR. Pathogenic ATM mutations occur rarely in a subset of multiple myeloma patients. Br J Haematol 2008; 142:925-33. [PMID: 18573109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) patients have biallelic inactivation of the ATM gene and exhibit a 200-fold-increased frequency of lymphoid tumours. ATM mutations have been found in a number of adult lymphoid malignancies but there is no data on the occurrence of ATM mutations in multiple myeloma tumours. The purpose of our work was to investigate the occurrence of ATM mutations in multiple myeloma and to this end we screened 45 sporadic cases for ATM mutations using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and DNA sequencing. Pathogenic ATM mutations were identified in 2/45 of the myelomas compared with a published estimate of ATM mutant allele frequency in the UK population of 2/521 (P = 0.033). One was the missense mutation 7181C>T which was then modelled in an expression system and the S2394L protein shown to have no ATM kinase activity. The second myeloma had the pathogenic ATM splice site mutation IVS40-1G>C leading to loss of exon 41. We also report a 48-year-old ataxia telangiectasia patient who developed multiple myeloma. Taken together our study suggests that ATM mutation may play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of multiple myelomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Austen
- CRUK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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33
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Staples ER, McDermott EM, Reiman A, Byrd PJ, Ritchie S, Taylor AMR, Davies EG. Immunodeficiency in ataxia telangiectasia is correlated strongly with the presence of two null mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 153:214-20. [PMID: 18505428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency affects over half of all patients with ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) and when present can contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. A retrospective review of clinical history, immunological findings, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) enzyme activity and ATM mutation type was conducted on 80 consecutive patients attending the National Clinic for Ataxia Telangiectasia, Nottingham, UK between 1994 and 2006. The aim was to characterize the immunodeficiency in A-T and determine its relationship to the ATM mutations present. Sixty-one patients had mutations resulting in complete loss of ATM kinase activity (group A) and 19 patients had leaky splice or missense mutations resulting in residual kinase activity (group B). There was a significantly higher proportion of patients with recurrent sinopulmonary infections in group A compared with group B (31 of 61 versus four of 19 P = 0.03) and a greater need for prophylactic antibiotics (30 of 61 versus one of 19 P = 0.001). Comparing group A with group B patients, 25 of 46 had undetectable/low immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels compared with none of 19; T cell lymphopenia was found in 28 of 56 compared with one of 18 and B cell lymphopenia in 35 of 55 compared with four of 18 patients (P = 0.00004, 0.001 and 0.003 respectively). Low IgG2 subclass levels and low levels of antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide were more common in group A than group B (16 of 27 versus one of 11 P = 0.01; 34/43 versus six of 17 P = 0.002) patients. Ig replacement therapy was required in 10 (12.5%) of the whole cohort, all in group A. In conclusion, A-T patients with no ATM kinase activity had a markedly more severe immunological phenotype than those expressing low levels of ATM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Staples
- Department of Immunology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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34
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Reiman A. Stabilization of the vertical mode in tokamaks by localized nonaxisymmetric fields. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:135007. [PMID: 17930604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.135007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vertical instability of a tokamak plasma can be controlled by nonaxisymmetric magnetic fields localized near the plasma edge at the bottom and top of the torus. The required magnetic fields can be produced by a relatively simple set of parallelogram-shaped coils.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reiman
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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Campean V, Neureiter D, Varga I, Runk F, Reiman A, Garlichs C, Achenbach S, Nonnast-Daniel B, Amann K. Atherosclerosis and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Renal Failure. Kidney Blood Press Res 2006; 28:280-9. [PMID: 16534222 DOI: 10.1159/000090182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are a major clinical problem in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure; cardiac death accounts for approximately 40-50% of all deaths in these patients. Death from cardiovascular causes is up to 20 times more common in uremic patients than in the general population with the risk being even higher than in patients with diabetes mellitus. A high rate of myocardial infarction and excessive cardiac mortality have repeatedly been documented in patients with kidney disease and renal failure. Not only is the prevalence of myocardial infarction high, but also the case fatality rate is significantly higher in uremic patients with and without diabetes, respectively, compared to nonuremic patients. This is of particular interest since the prevalence of coronary atheroma in uremic patients was shown to be approximately 30% by autopsy and coronary angiography studies. Thus, coronary factors, i.e. atherosclerosis, and non-coronary factors may play an important role in the genesis of cardiac complications in the renal patient. In addition, renal failure recently has also be identified as a predictor of mortality in different stages of peripheral vascular disease. In particular, marked differences in the pathogenesis, morphology and course of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis under the conditions of renal failure have been documented. Among others increased plaque formation and particularly higher proportion and intensity of vascular calcification have been found in clinical and autopsy studies. In addition to the so-called classical or traditional risk factors, an important role for nonclassical risk factors such as microinflammation, hyperphosphatemia and oxidative stress has been documented in patients with renal failure and is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Campean
- Department of Pathology, Med. II and Med. IV, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Thompson D, Duedal S, Kirner J, McGuffog L, Last J, Reiman A, Byrd P, Taylor M, Easton DF. Cancer risks and mortality in heterozygous ATM mutation carriers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:813-22. [PMID: 15928302 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ATM gene are the principal cause of ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). Several studies have suggested that heterozygous carriers of ATM mutations are at increased risk of breast cancer and perhaps of other cancers, but the precise risk is uncertain. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality information for 1160 relatives of 169 UK A-T patients (including 247 obligate carriers) was obtained through the National Health Service Central Registry. Relative risks (RRs) of cancer in carriers, allowing for genotype uncertainty, were estimated with a maximum-likelihood approach that used the EM algorithm. Maximum-likelihood estimates of cancer risks associated with three groups of mutations were calculated using the pedigree analysis program MENDEL. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The overall relative risk of breast cancer in carriers was 2.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 to 4.28) compared with the general population but was 4.94 (95% CI = 1.90 to 12.9) in those younger than age 50 years. The relative risk for all cancers other than breast cancer was 2.05 (95% CI = 1.09 to 3.84) in female carriers and 1.23 (95% CI = 0.76 to 2.00) in male carriers. Breast cancer was the only site for which a clear risk increase was seen, although there was some evidence of excess risks of colorectal cancer (RR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.06 to 6.09) and stomach cancer (RR = 3.39, 95% CI = 0.86 to 13.4). Carriers of mutations predicted to encode a full-length ATM protein had cancer risks similar to those of people carrying truncating mutations. CONCLUSION These results confirm a moderate risk of breast cancer in A-T heterozygotes and give some evidence of an excess risk of other cancers but provide no support for large mutation-specific differences in risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Thompson
- CR-UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Reiman A, Powell JE, Flavell KJ, Grundy RG, Mann JR, Parkes S, Redfern D, Young LS, Murray PG. Seasonal differences in the onset of the EBV-positive and -negative forms of paediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:1200-1. [PMID: 14520445 PMCID: PMC2394289 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have shown that there are seasonal differences in the onset of the (Epstein–Barr virus) EBV-positive and -negative forms of paediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). This suggests aetiological differences between the two forms of this disease. EBV-positive HL might be a rare consequence of primary EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reiman
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Studies, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - J E Powell
- Department of Public Health & Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - K J Flavell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Studies, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - R G Grundy
- Department of Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - J R Mann
- Department of Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - S Parkes
- Department of Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - D Redfern
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - L S Young
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - P G Murray
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Studies, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies, The Medical School. E-mail:
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Schmidt JA, Thomassen KI, Goldston RJ, Neilson GH, Nevins WM, Sinnis JC, Andersen P, Bair W, Barr WL, Batchelor DB, Baxi C, Berg G, Bernabei S, Bialek JM, Bonoli PT, Boozer A, Bowers D, Bronner G, Brooks JN, Brown TG, Bulmer R, Butner D, Campbell R, Casper T, Chaniotakis E, Chaplin M, Chen SJ, Chin E, Chrzanowski J, Citrolo J, Cole MJ, Dahlgren F, Davis FC, Davis J, Davis S, Diatchenko N, Dinkevich S, Feldshteyn Y, Felker B, Feng T, Fenstermacher ME, Fleming R, Fogarty PJ, Fragetta W, Fredd E, Gabler M, Galambos J, Gohar Y, Goranson PL, Greenough N, Grisham LR, Haines J, Haney S, Hassenzahl W, Heim J, Heitzenroeder PJ, Hill DN, Hodapp T, Houlberg WA, Hubbard A, Hyatt A, Jackson M, Jaeger EF, Jardin SC, Johnson J, Jones GH, Juliano DR, Junge R, Kalish M, Kessel CE, Knutson D, LaHaye RJ, Lang DD, Langley RA, Liew SL, Lu E, Mantz H, Manickam J, Mau TK, Medley S, Mikkelsen DR, Miller R, Monticello D, Morgan D, Moroz P, Motloch C, Mueller J, Myatt L, Nelson BE, Neumeyer CL, Nilson D, O'Conner T, Pearlstein LD, Peebles WA, Pelovitz M, Perkins FW, Perkins LJ, Petersen D, Pillsbury R, Politzer PA, Pomphrey N, Porkolab M, Posey A, Radovinsky A, Raftopoulis S, Ramakrishnan S, Ramos J, Rauch W, Ravenscroft D, Redler K, Reiersen WT, Reiman A, Reis E, Rewoldt G, Richards DJ, Rocco R, Rognlien TD, Ruzic D, Sabbagh S, Sapp J, Sayer RO, Scharer JE, Schmitz L, Schnitz J, Sevier L, Shipley SE, Simmons RT, Slack D, Smith GR, Stambaugh R, Steill G, Stevenson T, Stoenescu S, Onge KTS, Stotler DP, Strait T, Strickler DJ, Swain DW, Tang W, Tuszewski M, Ulrickson MA, VonHalle A, Walker MS, Wang C, Wang P, Warren J, Werley KA, West WP, Williams F, Wong R, Wright K, Wurden GA, Yugo JJ, Zakharov L, Zbasnik J. The design of the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX). J Fusion Energ 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01079667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reiman A. Physician gets marketing assistance from progressive hospital. J Med Pract Manage 1987; 2:103-9. [PMID: 10281422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing a physician's office volume is beneficial to the hospital where the physician practices. Hospital assistance in marketing the physician's services can therefore be rewarding to both parties and enhance physician allegiance to the hospital providing the support. A theoretical model for such marketing support is reviewed step by step, through analysis of existing practice, targeting markets, selecting desirable improvements and changes, and advertising the practice. The successful results are profiled.
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