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Ed-Dahmouny A, Zeiri N, Fakkahi A, Arraoui R, Jaouane M, Sali A, Es-Sbai N, El-Bakkari K, Duque C. Impurity photo-ionization cross section and stark shift of ground and two low-lying excited electron-states in a core/shell ellipsoidal quantum dot. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Menon S, Shah A, Sali A, Prakash G, Bakshi G, Pal M, Joshi A, Murthy V, Maitre P, Arora A, Desai S. Concordance of histological grade between pre-operative biopsy and resection specimen in penile squamous cell carcinoma. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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3
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Ballas L, Aron M, Xiong Y, McCarthy S, Phuong C, Sali A, Chen M, Clark E, Tsao-Wei D, Dorff T, Bhanvadia S, Magliocco A, Daneshmand S. Can Bladder Cancer Biomarkers from Patients Undergoing Cystectomy Predict the Need for Adjuvant Radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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MacKinnon A, Duong T, Iantorno M, Vandermeulen J, Phadke A, Sali A, Nagaraju K. Effects Of Different Exercise Regimen On The Disease Phenotype In Mdx Mouse Model Of DMD. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519054.49300.dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nagaraju K, Sali A, Phadke A, Vandermeulen J, Gordish-Dressman H. Reliable And Reproducible Evaluation Of Therapeutic Interventions In The MDX Mouse Model Of DMD. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000516830.84665.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Raja Abdullah R, Salah A, Alnaeb A, Sali A, Abd Rashid N, Ibrahim I. Micro‐Doppler detection in forward scattering radar: theoretical analysis and experiment. Electron lett 2017; 53:426-428. [DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.4163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R.S.A. Raja Abdullah
- Wireless and Photonic Network Research Center, Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400SelangorMalaysia
| | - A.A. Salah
- Wireless and Photonic Network Research Center, Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400SelangorMalaysia
| | - A.A. Alnaeb
- Wireless and Photonic Network Research Center, Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400SelangorMalaysia
| | - A. Sali
- Wireless and Photonic Network Research Center, Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400SelangorMalaysia
| | - N.E. Abd Rashid
- Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)40450Shah AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - I.P. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)40450Shah AlamSelangorMalaysia
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Umar IA, Mohd Hanapi Z, Sali A, Zulkarnain ZA. FuGeF: A Resource Bound Secure Forwarding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16060943. [PMID: 27338411 PMCID: PMC4934368 DOI: 10.3390/s16060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resource bound security solutions have facilitated the mitigation of spatio-temporal attacks by altering protocol semantics to provide minimal security while maintaining an acceptable level of performance. The Dynamic Window Secured Implicit Geographic Forwarding (DWSIGF) routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been proposed to achieve a minimal selection of malicious nodes by introducing a dynamic collection window period to the protocol’s semantics. However, its selection scheme suffers substantial packet losses due to the utilization of a single distance based parameter for node selection. In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy-based Geographic Forwarding protocol (FuGeF) to minimize packet loss, while maintaining performance. The FuGeF utilizes a new form of dynamism and introduces three selection parameters: remaining energy, connectivity cost, and progressive distance, as well as a Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) for node selection. These introduced mechanisms ensure the appropriate selection of a non-malicious node. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed FuGeF protocol as compared to DWSIGF variants. The simulation results show that the proposed FuGeF outperforms the two DWSIGF variants (DWSIGF-P and DWSIGF-R) in terms of packet delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Abubakar Umar
- Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zurina Mohd Hanapi
- Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - A Sali
- Research Centre of Excellence for Wireless and Photonic Network (WIPNET), Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zuriati A Zulkarnain
- Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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8
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Benny Klimek ME, Sali A, Rayavarapu S, Van der Meulen JH, Nagaraju K. Effect of the IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Kineret® on Disease Phenotype in mdx Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155944. [PMID: 27213537 PMCID: PMC4877010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked muscle disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The pathology of DMD manifests in patients with progressive muscle weakness, loss of ambulation and ultimately death. One of the characteristics of DMD is muscle inflammation, and dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscles produce higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in response to toll like receptor (TLR) stimulation compared to controls; therefore, blocking the IL-1β pathway could improve the disease phenotype in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD. Kineret® or IL-1Ra is a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist approved by the FDA for treating rheumatoid arthritis. To determine the efficacy of IL-1Ra in a DMD model, we administered subcutaneous injections of saline control or IL-1Ra (25 mg/kg/day) to mdx mice daily for 45 days beginning at 5 weeks of age. Functional and histological parameters were measured at the conclusion of the study. IL-1Ra only partially inhibited this signaling pathway in this study; however, there were still interesting observations to be noted. For example, although not significantly changed, splenocytes from the IL-1Ra-treated group secreted less IL-1β after LPS stimulation compared to control mice indicating a blunted response and incomplete inhibition of the pathway (37% decrease). In addition, normalized forelimb grip strength was significantly increased in IL-1Ra-treated mice. There were no changes in EDL muscle-specific force measurements, histological parameters, or motor coordination assessments in the dystrophic mice after IL-1Ra treatment. There was a significant 27% decrease in the movement time and total distance traveled by the IL-1Ra treated mice, correlating with previous studies examining effects of IL-1 on behavior. Our studies indicate partial blocking of IL-1β with IL-1Ra significantly altered only a few behavioral and strength related disease parameters; however, treatment with inhibitors that completely block IL-1β, pathways upstream of IL-1β production or combining various inhibitors may produce more favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E. Benny Klimek
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Arpana Sali
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Sree Rayavarapu
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Jack H. Van der Meulen
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Al-omari M, Ramli AR, Sali A, Azmir RS. A Femtocell Cross-Tier Interference Mitigation Technique in OFDMA-LTE System: A Cuckoo Search based Approach. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i2/80490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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10
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Lasater EA, Massi ES, Stecula A, Politi J, Tan SK, Smith CC, Gunthorpe M, Holmes JP, Chehab F, Sali A, Shah NP. Novel TKI-resistant BCR-ABL1 gatekeeper residue mutations retain in vitro sensitivity to axitinib. Leukemia 2015; 30:1405-9. [PMID: 26511402 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Lasater
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E S Massi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Stecula
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Politi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S K Tan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C C Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Gunthorpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J P Holmes
- Annadel Medical Group, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | - F Chehab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Sali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Smith CC, Lin K, Stecula A, Sali A, Shah NP. FLT3 D835 mutations confer differential resistance to type II FLT3 inhibitors. Leukemia 2015; 29:2390-2. [PMID: 26108694 PMCID: PMC4675689 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Stecula
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Sali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Marx W, Ried K, Sali A, Vitetta L, McKavanagh D, McCarthy A, Isenring E. Ginger – Mechanism of action in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A review. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2014.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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13
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Zaidan A, Ahmad N, Abdul Karim H, Larbani M, Zaidan B, Sali A. On the multi-agent learning neural and Bayesian methods in skin detector and pornography classifier: An automated anti-pornography system. Neurocomputing 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Webb B, Eswar N, Fan H, Khuri N, Pieper U, Dong G, Sali A. Comparative Modeling of Drug Target Proteins☆. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering 2014. [PMCID: PMC7157477 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.11133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we begin by describing the comparative protein structure modeling technique and the accuracy of the corresponding models. We then discuss the significant role that comparative prediction plays in drug discovery. We focus on virtual ligand screening against comparative models and illustrate the state-of-the-art by a number of specific examples.
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Uaesoontrachoon K, Cha HJ, Ampong B, Sali A, Vandermeulen J, Wei B, Creeden B, Huynh T, Quinn J, Tatem K, Rayavarapu S, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. The effects of MyD88 deficiency on disease phenotype in dysferlin-deficient A/J mice: role of endogenous TLR ligands. J Pathol 2013; 231:199-209. [PMID: 23857504 DOI: 10.1002/path.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An absence of dysferlin leads to activation of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and skeletal muscle inflammation. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is a key mediator of TLR-dependent innate immune signalling. We hypothesized that endogenous TLR ligands released from the leaking dysferlin-deficient muscle fibres engage TLRs on muscle and immune cells and contribute to disease progression. To test this hypothesis, we generated and characterized dysferlin and MyD88 double-deficient mice. Double-deficient mice exhibited improved body weight, grip strength, and maximum muscle contractile force at 6-8 months of age when compared to MyD88-sufficient, dysferlin-deficient A/J mice. Double-deficient mice also showed a decrease in total fibre number, which contributed to the observed increase in the number of central nuclei/fibres. These results indicate that there was less regeneration in the double-deficient mice. We next tested the hypothesis that endogenous ligands, such as single-stranded ribonucleic acids (ssRNAs), released from damaged muscle cells bind to TLR-7/8 and perpetuate the disease progression. We found that injection of ssRNA into the skeletal muscle of pre-symptomatic mice (2 months old) resulted in a significant increase in degenerative fibres, inflammation, and regenerating fibres in A/J mice. In contrast, characteristic histological features were significantly decreased in double-deficient mice. These data point to a clear role for the TLR pathway in the pathogenesis of dysferlin deficiency and suggest that TLR-7/8 antagonists may have therapeutic value in this disease.
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Heier CR, Damsker JM, Yu Q, Dillingham BC, Huynh T, Van der Meulen JH, Sali A, Miller BK, Phadke A, Scheffer L, Quinn J, Tatem K, Jordan S, Dadgar S, Rodriguez OC, Albanese C, Calhoun M, Gordish-Dressman H, Jaiswal JK, Connor EM, McCall JM, Hoffman EP, Reeves EKM, Nagaraju K. VBP15, a novel anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizer, improves muscular dystrophy without side effects. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1569-85. [PMID: 24014378 PMCID: PMC3799580 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Absence of dystrophin makes skeletal muscle more susceptible to injury, resulting in breaches of the plasma membrane and chronic inflammation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Current management by glucocorticoids has unclear molecular benefits and harsh side effects. It is uncertain whether therapies that avoid hormonal stunting of growth and development, and/or immunosuppression, would be more or less beneficial. Here, we discover an oral drug with mechanisms that provide efficacy through anti-inflammatory signaling and membrane-stabilizing pathways, independent of hormonal or immunosuppressive effects. We find VBP15 protects and promotes efficient repair of skeletal muscle cells upon laser injury, in opposition to prednisolone. Potent inhibition of NF-κB is mediated through protein interactions of the glucocorticoid receptor, however VBP15 shows significantly reduced hormonal receptor transcriptional activity. The translation of these drug mechanisms into DMD model mice improves muscle strength, live-imaging and pathology through both preventive and post-onset intervention regimens. These data demonstrate successful improvement of dystrophy independent of hormonal, growth, or immunosuppressive effects, indicating VBP15 merits clinical investigation for DMD and would benefit other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Heier
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
The 386 human SLC superfamily members are diverse in sequence, structure, and function. Using sequence similarity, we previously classified the SLC superfamily members and identified relationships among families. With the recent determination of new SLC structures and identification of previously unknown human SLC families, an update of our previous classification is timely. Here, we comprehensively compare the SLC sequences and structures and discuss the applicability of structure-based ligand discovery to key SLC members.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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18
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Sali A, Many GM, Gordish-Dressman H, van der Meulen JH, Phadke A, Spurney CF, Cnaan A, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. The proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole improves the skeletal phenotype in dystrophin deficient mdx mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66617. [PMID: 23843959 PMCID: PMC3699610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), loss of the membrane stabilizing protein dystrophin results in myofiber damage. Microinjury to dystrophic myofibers also causes secondary imbalances in sarcolemmic ion permeability and resting membrane potential, which modifies excitation-contraction coupling and increases proinflammatory/apoptotic signaling cascades. Although glucocorticoids remain the standard of care for the treatment of DMD, there is a need to investigate the efficacy of other pharmacological agents targeting the involvement of imbalances in ion flux on dystrophic pathology. Methodology/Principal Findings We designed a preclinical trial to investigate the effects of lansoprazole (LANZO) administration, a proton pump inhibitor, on the dystrophic muscle phenotype in dystrophin deficient (mdx) mice. Eight to ten week-old female mice were assigned to one of four treatment groups (n = 12 per group): (1) vehicle control; (2) 5 mg/kg/day LANZO; (3) 5 mg/kg/day prednisolone; and (4) combined treatment of 5 mg/kg/day prednisolone (PRED) and 5 mg/kg/day LANZO. Treatment was administered orally 5 d/wk for 3 months. At the end of the study, behavioral (Digiscan) and functional outcomes (grip strength and Rotarod) were assessed prior to sacrifice. After sacrifice, body, tissue and organ masses, muscle histology, in vitro muscle force, and creatine kinase levels were measured. Mice in the combined treatment groups displayed significant reductions in the number of degenerating muscle fibers and number of inflammatory foci per muscle field relative to vehicle control. Additionally, mice in the combined treatment group displayed less of a decline in normalized forelimb and hindlimb grip strength and declines in in vitro EDL force after repeated eccentric contractions. Conclusions/Significance Together our findings suggest that combined treatment of LANZO and prednisolone attenuates some components of dystrophic pathology in mdx mice. Our findings warrant future investigation of the clinical efficacy of LANZO and prednisolone combined treatment regimens in dystrophic pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Synergism
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Lansoprazole/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Strength/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Prednisolone/pharmacology
- Proton Pump Inhibitors/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Sali
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Gina M. Many
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jack H. van der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Aditi Phadke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Spurney
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Avital Cnaan
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Yu Q, Sali A, Van der Meulen J, Creeden BK, Gordish-Dressman H, Rutkowski A, Rayavarapu S, Uaesoontrachoon K, Huynh T, Nagaraju K, Spurney CF. Omigapil treatment decreases fibrosis and improves respiratory rate in dy(2J) mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65468. [PMID: 23762378 PMCID: PMC3675144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital muscular dystrophy is a distinct group of diseases presenting with weakness in infancy or childhood and no current therapy. One form, MDC1A, is the result of laminin alpha-2 deficiency and results in significant weakness, respiratory insufficiency and early death. Modification of apoptosis is one potential pathway for therapy in these patients. Methods dy2J mice were treated with vehicle, 0.1 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg of omigapil daily via oral gavage over 17.5 weeks. Untreated age matched BL6 mice were used as controls. Functional, behavioral and histological measurements were collected. Results dy2J mice treated with omigapil showed improved respiratory rates compared to vehicle treated dy2J mice (396 to 402 vs. 371 breaths per minute, p<0.03) and similar to control mice. There were no statistical differences in normalized forelimb grip strength between dy2J and controls at baseline or after 17.5 weeks and no significant differences seen among the dy2J treatment groups. At 30–33 weeks of age, dy2J mice treated with 0.1 mg/kg omigapil showed significantly more movement time and less rest time compared to vehicle treated. dy2J mice showed normal cardiac systolic function throughout the trial. dy2J mice had significantly lower hindlimb maximal (p<0.001) and specific force (p<0.002) compared to the control group at the end of the trial. There were no statistically significant differences in maximal or specific force among treatments. dy2J mice treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day omigapil showed decreased percent fibrosis in both gastrocnemius (p<0.03) and diaphragm (p<0.001) compared to vehicle, and in diaphragm (p<0.013) when compared to 1 mg/kg/day omigapil treated mice. Omigapil treated dy2J mice demonstrated decreased apoptosis. Conclusion Omigapil therapy (0.1 mg/kg) improved respiratory rate and decreased skeletal and respiratory muscle fibrosis in dy2J mice. These results support a putative role for the use of omigapil in laminin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Arpana Sali
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jack Van der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Brittany K. Creeden
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Anne Rutkowski
- Kaiser SCPMG, Cure CMD, Olathe, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sree Rayavarapu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Kitipong Uaesoontrachoon
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Tony Huynh
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Spurney
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pipingas A, Camfield DA, Stough C, Cox KHM, Fogg E, Tiplady B, Sarris J, White DJ, Sali A, Wetherell MA, Scholey AB. The effects of multivitamin supplementation on mood and general well-being in healthy young adults. A laboratory and at-home mobile phone assessment. Appetite 2013; 69:123-36. [PMID: 23727255 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that multivitamin (MV) supplementation may be associated with beneficial effects for mood and general well-being, although treatment durations have typically been less than 90 days, samples have often been restricted to males only and acute effects have not been adequately differentiated from chronic effects. In the current study a MV supplement containing high levels of B-vitamins was administered daily to 138 healthy young adult participants between the ages of 20 and 50 years over a 16-week period. Chronic mood measures (GHQ-28, POMS, Chalder fatigue, PILL, Bond-Lader and custom visual analogue scales) were administered pre-dose at baseline, 8- and 16-weeks. Changes in Bond-Lader and VAS in response to a multi-tasking framework (MTF) were also assessed at 8- and 16-weeks. For a subset of participants, at-home mobile-phone assessments of mood were assessed on a weekly basis using Bond-Lader and VAS. No significant treatment effects were found for any chronic laboratory mood measures. In response to the MTF, a significant treatment x time interaction was found for STAI-S, with a trend towards a greater increase in stress ratings for male participants in the MV group at 16 weeks. However, this finding may have been attributable to a larger proportion of students in the male MV group. In contrast, at-home mobile-phone assessments, where assessments were conducted post-dose, revealed significantly reduced stress, physical fatigue and anxiety in the MV group in comparison to placebo across a number of time points. Further research using both acute and chronic dosing regimens are required in order to properly differentiate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Mail H24, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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21
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Horst JA, Pieper U, Sali A, Zhan L, Chopra G, Samudrala R, Featherstone JDB. Strategic protein target analysis for developing drugs to stop dental caries. Adv Dent Res 2013; 24:86-93. [PMID: 22899687 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512449837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common disease to cause irreversible damage in humans. Several therapeutic agents are available to treat or prevent dental caries, but none besides fluoride has significantly influenced the disease burden globally. Etiologic mechanisms of the mutans group streptococci and specific Lactobacillus species have been characterized to various degrees of detail, from identification of physiologic processes to specific proteins. Here, we analyze the entire Streptococcus mutans proteome for potential drug targets by investigating their uniqueness with respect to non-cariogenic dental plaque bacteria, quality of protein structure models, and the likelihood of finding a drug for the active site. Our results suggest specific targets for rational drug discovery, including 15 known virulence factors, 16 proteins for which crystallographic structures are available, and 84 previously uncharacterized proteins, with various levels of similarity to homologs in dental plaque bacteria. This analysis provides a map to streamline the process of clinical development of effective multispecies pharmacologic interventions for dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Horst
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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22
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Baudy AR, Reeves EKM, Damsker JM, Heier C, Garvin LM, Dillingham BC, McCall J, Rayavarapu S, Wang Z, Vandermeulen JH, Sali A, Jahnke V, Duguez S, DuBois D, Rose MC, Nagaraju K, Hoffman EP. Δ-9,11 modification of glucocorticoids dissociates nuclear factor-κB inhibitory efficacy from glucocorticoid response element-associated side effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:225-32. [PMID: 22743576 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.194340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are standard of care for many inflammatory conditions, but chronic use is associated with a broad array of side effects. This has led to a search for dissociative glucocorticoids--drugs able to retain or improve efficacy associated with transrepression [nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibition] but with the loss of side effects associated with transactivation (receptor-mediated transcriptional activation through glucocorticoid response element gene promoter elements). We investigated a glucocorticoid derivative with a Δ-9,11 modification as a dissociative steroid. The Δ-9,11 analog showed potent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced NF-κB signaling in cell reporter assays, and this transrepression activity was blocked by 17β-hydroxy-11β-[4-dimethylamino phenyl]-17α-[1-propynyl]estra-4,9-dien-3-one (RU-486), showing the requirement for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The Δ-9,11 analog induced the nuclear translocation of GR but showed the loss of transactivation as assayed by GR-luciferase constructs as well as mRNA profiles of treated cells. The Δ-9,11 analog was tested for efficacy and side effects in two mouse models of muscular dystrophy: mdx (dystrophin deficiency), and SJL (dysferlin deficiency). Daily oral delivery of the Δ-9,11 analog showed a reduction of muscle inflammation and improvements in multiple muscle function assays yet no reductions in body weight or spleen size, suggesting the loss of key side effects. Our data demonstrate that a Δ-9,11 analog dissociates the GR-mediated transcriptional activities from anti-inflammatory activities. Accordingly, Δ-9,11 analogs may hold promise as a source of safer therapeutic agents for chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Baudy
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Kostek MC, Nagaraju K, Pistilli E, Sali A, Lai SH, Gordon B, Chen YW. IL-6 signaling blockade increases inflammation but does not affect muscle function in the mdx mouse. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:106. [PMID: 22716658 PMCID: PMC3522537 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that modulates inflammatory responses and plays critical roles in muscle maintenance and remodeling. In the mouse model (mdx) of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, IL-6 and muscle inflammation are elevated, which is believed to contribute to the chronic inflammation and failure of muscle regeneration in DMD. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of blocking IL-6 signaling on the muscle phenotype including muscle weakness and pathology in the mdx mouse. Methods A monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor (IL-6r mAb) that blocks local and systemic IL-6 signaling was administered to mdx and BL-10 mice for 5 weeks and muscle function, histology, and inflammation were examined. Results IL-6r mAb treatment increased mdx muscle inflammation including total inflammation score and ICAM-1 positive lumens in muscles. There was no significant improvement in muscle strength nor muscle pathology due to IL-6r mAb treatment in mdx mice. Conclusions These results showed that instead of reducing inflammation, IL-6 signaling blockade for 5 weeks caused an increase in muscle inflammation, with no significant change in indices related to muscle regeneration and muscle function. The results suggest a potential anti-inflammatory instead of the original hypothesized pro-inflammatory role of IL-6 signaling in the mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Kostek
- Laboratory of Muscle and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Funders, publishers, and research institutions must act to ensure that research computer code is made widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Morin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J. Urban
- School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P. D. Adams
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - I. Foster
- Argonne National Laboratory and University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - A. Sali
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - D. Baker
- University of Washington and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - P. Sliz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sali A, Guerron AD, Gordish-Dressman H, Spurney CF, Iantorno M, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. Glucocorticoid-treated mice are an inappropriate positive control for long-term preclinical studies in the mdx mouse. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34204. [PMID: 22509280 PMCID: PMC3317932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dmdmdx (mdx) mice are used as a genetic and biochemical model of dystrophin deficiency. The long-term consequences of glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on dystrophin-deficient skeletal and heart muscle are not yet known. Here we used systematic phenotyping to assess the long-term consequences of GC treatment in mdx mice. Our investigation addressed not only the effects of GC on the disease phenotype but also the question of whether GCs can be used as a positive control for preclinical drug evaluations. Methods and Findings We performed nine pre-clinical efficacy trials (treated N = 129, untreated N = 106) of different durations in 9-to-50-week-old dystrophic mdx mice over a 3-year time period using standardized methods. In all these trials, we used either 1 mg/kg body weight of prednisone or 5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone as positive controls to compare the efficacy of various test drugs. Data from untreated controls and GC-treated mice in the various trials have been pooled and analyzed to assess the effects of GCs on dystrophin-deficient skeletal and cardiac muscles of mdx mice. Our results indicate that continuous GC treatment results in early (e.g., at 50 days) improvements in normalized parameters such as grip strength, motor coordination and maximal in vitro force contractions on isolated EDL muscle, but these initial benefits are followed by a progressive loss of muscle strength after 100 days. We also found a significant increase in heart fibrosis that is reflected in a significant deterioration in cardiac systolic function after 100 days of treatment. Conclusion Continuous administration of prednisone to mdx mice initially improves skeletal muscle strength, but further therapy result in deterioration of muscle strength and cardiac function associated with enhanced cardiac fibrosis. These results suggest that GCs may not serve as an appropriate positive control for long-term mdx mouse preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Sali
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Alfredo D. Guerron
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Spurney
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Micaela Iantorno
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Spurney CF, Sali A, Guerron AD, Iantorno M, Yu Q, Gordish-Dressman H, Rayavarapu S, van der Meulen J, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. Losartan decreases cardiac muscle fibrosis and improves cardiac function in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011; 16:87-95. [PMID: 21304057 DOI: 10.1177/1074248410381757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that chronic administration of losartan, an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, improved skeletal muscle function in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. In this study, C57BL/10ScSn-Dmd(mdx)/J female mice were either untreated or treated with losartan (n = 15) in the drinking water at a dose of 600 mg/L over a 6-month period. Cardiac function was assessed via in vivo high frequency echocardiography and skeletal muscle function was assessed using grip strength testing, Digiscan monitoring, Rotarod timing, and in vitro force testing. Fibrosis was assessed using picrosirius red staining and Image J analysis. Gene expression was evaluated using real-time polymerized chain reaction (RT-PCR). Percentage shortening fraction was significantly decreased in untreated (26.9% ± 3.5%) mice compared to losartan-treated (32.2% ± 4.2%; P < .01) mice. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in losartan-treated mice (56 ± 6 vs 69 ± 7 mm Hg; P < .0005). Percentage cardiac fibrosis was significantly reduced in losartan-treated hearts (P < .05) along with diaphragm (P < .01), extensor digitorum longus (P < .05), and gastrocnemius (P < .05) muscles compared to untreated mdx mice. There were no significant differences in skeletal muscle function between treated and untreated groups. Chronic treatment with losartan decreases cardiac and skeletal muscle fibrosis and improves cardiac systolic function in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice.
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Spurney CF, Guerron AD, Yu Q, Sali A, van der Meulen JH, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. Membrane sealant Poloxamer P188 protects against isoproterenol induced cardiomyopathy in dystrophin deficient mice. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011; 11:20. [PMID: 21575230 PMCID: PMC3123649 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an increasing cause of death in patients. The absence of dystrophin leads to loss of membrane integrity, cell death and fibrosis in cardiac muscle. Treatment of cardiomyocyte membrane instability could help prevent cardiomyopathy. Methods Three month old female mdx mice were exposed to the β1 receptor agonist isoproterenol subcutaneously and treated with the non-ionic tri-block copolymer Poloxamer P188 (P188) (460 mg/kg/dose i.p. daily). Cardiac function was assessed using high frequency echocardiography. Tissue was evaluated with Evans Blue Dye (EBD) and picrosirius red staining. Results BL10 control mice tolerated 30 mg/kg/day of isoproterenol for 4 weeks while death occurred in mdx mice at 30, 15, 10, 5 and 1 mg/kg/day within 24 hours. Mdx mice tolerated a low dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. Isoproterenol exposed mdx mice showed significantly increased heart rates (p < 0.02) and cardiac fibrosis (p < 0.01) over 4 weeks compared to unexposed controls. P188 treatment of mdx mice significantly increased heart rate (median 593 vs. 667 bpm; p < 0.001) after 2 weeks and prevented a decrease in cardiac function in isoproterenol exposed mice (Shortening Fraction = 46 ± 6% vs. 35 ± 6%; p = 0.007) after 4 weeks. P188 treated mdx mice did not show significant differences in cardiac fibrosis, but demonstrated significantly increased EBD positive fibers. Conclusions This model suggests that chronic intermittent intraperitoneal P188 treatment can prevent isoproterenol induced cardiomyopathy in dystrophin deficient mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Spurney
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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28
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Guerron AD, Rawat R, Sali A, Spurney CF, Pistilli E, Cha HJ, Pandey GS, Gernapudi R, Francia D, Farajian V, Escolar DM, Bossi L, Becker M, Zerr P, de la Porte S, Gordish-Dressman H, Partridge T, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. Functional and molecular effects of arginine butyrate and prednisone on muscle and heart in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11220. [PMID: 20574530 PMCID: PMC2888587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of promising therapeutic interventions for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is increasing rapidly. One of the proposed strategies is to use drugs that are known to act by multiple different mechanisms including inducing of homologous fetal form of adult genes, for example utrophin in place of dystrophin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we have treated mdx mice with arginine butyrate, prednisone, or a combination of arginine butyrate and prednisone for 6 months, beginning at 3 months of age, and have comprehensively evaluated the functional, biochemical, histological, and molecular effects of the treatments in this DMD model. Arginine butyrate treatment improved grip strength and decreased fibrosis in the gastrocnemius muscle, but did not produce significant improvement in muscle and cardiac histology, heart function, behavioral measurements, or serum creatine kinase levels. In contrast, 6 months of chronic continuous prednisone treatment resulted in deterioration in functional, histological, and biochemical measures. Arginine butyrate-treated mice gene expression profiling experiments revealed that several genes that control cell proliferation, growth and differentiation are differentially expressed consistent with its histone deacetylase inhibitory activity when compared to control (saline-treated) mdx mice. Prednisone and combination treated groups showed alterations in the expression of genes that control fibrosis, inflammation, myogenesis and atrophy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data indicate that 6 months treatment with arginine butyrate can produce modest beneficial effects on dystrophic pathology in mdx mice by reducing fibrosis and promoting muscle function while chronic continuous treatment with prednisone showed deleterious effects to skeletal and cardiac muscle. Our results clearly indicate the usefulness of multiple assays systems to monitor both beneficial and toxic effects of drugs with broad range of in vivo activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arginine/analogs & derivatives
- Arginine/pharmacology
- Arginine/therapeutic use
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Butyrates/pharmacology
- Butyrates/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Heart/drug effects
- Heart/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscles/drug effects
- Muscles/metabolism
- Muscles/pathology
- Muscles/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Prednisone/pharmacology
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Utrophin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo D. Guerron
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Rashmi Rawat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Arpana Sali
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Spurney
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Emidio Pistilli
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Gouri S. Pandey
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Ramkishore Gernapudi
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Dwight Francia
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Viken Farajian
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Diana M. Escolar
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Laura Bossi
- Transgene SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | | | - Sabine de la Porte
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Institut Fédératif de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, Cedex, France
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Terence Partridge
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C., United States of America
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Spurney CF, Cha HJ, Sali A, Pandey GS, Pistilli E, Guerron AD, Gordish-Dressman H, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. Evaluation of skeletal and cardiac muscle function after chronic administration of thymosin beta-4 in the dystrophin deficient mouse. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8976. [PMID: 20126456 PMCID: PMC2813286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is a ubiquitous protein with many properties relating to cell proliferation and differentiation that promotes wound healing and modulates inflammatory mediators. We studied the effects of chronic administration of Tβ4 on the skeletal and cardiac muscle of dystrophin deficient mdx mice, the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Female wild type (C57BL10/ScSnJ) and mdx mice, 8–10 weeks old, were treated with 150 µg of Tβ4 twice a week for 6 months. To promote muscle pathology, mice were exercised for 30 minutes twice a week. Skeletal and cardiac muscle function were assessed via grip strength and high frequency echocardiography. Localization of Tβ4 and amount of fibrosis were quantified using immunohistochemistry and Gomori's tri-chrome staining, respectively. Mdx mice treated with Tβ4 showed a significant increase in skeletal muscle regenerating fibers compared to untreated mdx mice. Tβ4 stained exclusively in the regenerating fibers of mdx mice. Although untreated mdx mice had significantly decreased skeletal muscle strength compared to untreated wild type, there were no significant improvements in mdx mice after treatment. Systolic cardiac function, measured as percent shortening fraction, was decreased in untreated mdx mice compared to untreated wild type and there was no significant difference after treatment in mdx mice. Skeletal and cardiac muscle fibrosis were also significantly increased in untreated mdx mice compared to wild type, but there was no significant improvement in treated mdx mice. In exercised dystrophin deficient mice, chronic administration of Tβ4 increased the number of regenerating fibers in skeletal muscle and could have a potential role in treatment of skeletal muscle disease in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Spurney
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Arpana Sali
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Gouri S. Pandey
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Emidio Pistilli
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alfredo D. Guerron
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Spurney CF, Gordish-Dressman H, Guerron AD, Sali A, Pandey GS, Rawat R, Van Der Meulen JH, Cha HJ, Pistilli EE, Partridge TA, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. Preclinical drug trials in the mdx mouse: assessment of reliable and sensitive outcome measures. Muscle Nerve 2009; 39:591-602. [PMID: 19260102 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The availability of animal models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy has led to extensive preclinical research on potential therapeutics. Few studies have focused on reliability and sensitivity of endpoints for mdx mouse drug trials. Therefore, we sought to compare a wide variety of reported and novel endpoint measures in exercised mdx and normal control mice at 10, 20, and 40 weeks of age. Statistical analysis as well as power calculations for expected effect sizes in mdx preclinical drug trials across different ages showed that body weight, normalized grip strength, horizontal activity, rest time, cardiac function measurements, blood pressure, total central/peripheral nuclei per fiber, and serum creatine kinase are the most effective measurements for detecting drug-induced changes. These data provide an experimental basis upon which standardization of preclinical drug testing can be developed. Muscle Nerve, 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Spurney
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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31
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Pipigas A, Silberstein R, Sali A, Vitetta L. Homocysteine modifies event related steady state potential coherence in a recognition memory task. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Abstract
In this perspective, we begin by describing the comparative protein structure modeling technique and the accuracy of the corresponding models. We then discuss the significant role that comparative prediction plays in drug discovery. We focus on virtual ligand screening against comparative models and illustrate the state of the art by a number of specific examples.
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33
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Abstract
Long before the fountain of youth, mankind has had an interest in staying young. As we move into the 21st century, that interest has not only continued, but it has become an obsession. While no one can really prevent normal, chronological aging, there are things we can do to slow down "pathological aging." After all, aging is about accelerated inflammation, depletion, and wear and tear. With the marked increase in life expectancy and life span, clinicians need to be aware of the effects of aging on the provision of treatment modalities. Appropriate interventions individualized to the patient can help to "compress morbidity" by shortening the period of functional decline common in old age. Therefore, the "health span" will come closer to matching the life span. Disease and disuse are far more likely explanations for functional decline and the onset of common chronic conditions in older persons than is "true" natural or normal aging. Regardless of your genetic inheritance, you can accelerate aging by lifestyle choices and environmental conditions to which you expose your genes. There are even ways to reverse the problems associated with aging. Getting older does not have to mean growing older. Welcome to the world of preventative gerontology, better known as anti-aging medicine!
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Affiliation(s)
- B Anton
- Path Lab, Melbourne, Australia.
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34
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Thomsen M, Schmidt M, Vitetta L, Sali A. Do herbs increase the risk of herb-drug interactions for patients with arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:1527; author reply 1528. [PMID: 16162912 PMCID: PMC1755246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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35
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Sali A, Topf M, Baker ML, Chiu W. Structure of protein assemblies by comparative modeling and electron microscopy. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305099897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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36
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Abstract
During evolution, DNA viruses have captured a broad array of cellular genes involved in immune recognition and growth control that are nonessential for viral replication. The encoded virokines and viroceptors may act as mimetics or antagonists of their cellular homologues, altering signal transduction and cell communication towards survival of virus-infected cells. Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8) is the most recently identified human oncogenic herpesvirus. It is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoproliferative diseases, such as pleural effusion lymphomas and multicentric Castleman's disease. HHV8 has captured a unique number of cellular regulatory genes, which redirect gene expression and cell growth, prevent apoptosis and immune recognition, and interfere with tumor suppressor gene function. HHV8 encodes a unique virokine, viral interleukin-6, which is particularly relevant for the pathogenesis of HHV8-associated tumors, since it participates in transformation and mediates autocrine and paracrine mitogenic and proinflammatory effects. Viral IL-6 differs fundamentally from human IL-6 in receptor engagement for signal transduction and thus constitutes a singular model to understand the facets of human and viral cytokine biology. We provide an overview of the role of virokines in cancer, with a particular focus on the differences of human and viral IL-6 in the pathophysiology of HHV8-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vitetta
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Epworth Medical Centre, 185-187 Hoddle St. Richmond, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3121.
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37
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Abstract
Automated functional annotation of nsSNPs requires that amino-acid residue changes are represented by a set of descriptive features, such as evolutionary conservation, side-chain volume change, effect on ligand-binding, and residue structural rigidity. Identifying the most informative combinations of features is critical to the success of a computational prediction method. We rank 32 features according to their mutual information with functional effects of amino-acid substitutions, as measured by in vivo assays. In addition, we use a greedy algorithm to identify a subset of highly informative features. The method is simple to implement and provides a quantitative measure for selecting the best predictive features given a set of features that a human expert believes to be informative. We demonstrate the usefulness of the selected highly informative features by cross-validated tests of a computational classifier, a support vector machine (SVM). The SVM's classification accuracy is highly correlated with the ranking of the input features by their mutual information. Two features describing the solvent accessibility of "wild-type" and "mutant" amino-acid residues and one evolutionary feature based on superfamily-level multiple alignments produce comparable overall accuracy and 6% fewer false positives than a 32-feature set that considers physiochemical properties of amino acids, protein electrostatics, amino-acid residue flexibility, and binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karchin
- Departments of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2240, USA
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38
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Sali A, Eswar N, Pieper U, Marti-Renom MA, Madhusudhan M, Fiser A, Ilyin V. Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and genomes. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302087068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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39
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Banakh I, Sali A, Dubljevic V, Grobben B, Slegers H, Goding JW. Structural basis of allotypes of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1) in the mouse and rat, and analysis of allele-specific xenogeneic antibodies. Eur J Immunogenet 2002; 29:307-13. [PMID: 12121276 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2002.00330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (E-NPPs) have been implicated in bone calcification, type II diabetes, control of purinergic signalling and tumour invasion. The gene for the plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1 in the mouse (Enpp1) has been known since 1970 to exist in two allelic forms, but their structural basis was heretofore unknown. We show that the Enpp1a and Enpp1b alleles differ by only two amino acids, at positions 650 and 679 in the C-terminal nuclease-like domain. Histidine 650 but not arginine 679 forms an essential part of the Enpp1a epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody IR-518. Sequences of LEW and LOU rats and the rat glioma cell line C6 differ from that of the mouse by about 60 amino acids. The LOU and C6 cell line sequences differ by only three amino acids, but differ from the LEW sequence by 10 amino acids. All three rat strains possess the mouse Enpp1b allele at positions 650 and 679. Despite numerous other differences from the mouse, rats immunized with Enpp1a mouse cells have generated monoclonal antibodies specific for the Enpp1a allele, suggesting that amino acids 650 and 679 may be particularly immunogenic. The cytoplasmic tails of the mouse and rat are highly conserved, but are significantly different from human cytoplasmic tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Banakh
- Deparment of Pathology and Immunology, Manash Medical School, Manash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Wong GW, Yasuda S, Madhusudhan MS, Li L, Yang Y, Krilis SA, Sali A, Stevens RL. Human tryptase epsilon (PRSS22), a new member of the chromosome 16p13.3 family of human serine proteases expressed in airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:49169-82. [PMID: 11602603 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108677200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing of the GenBank expressed sequence tag (EST) data base with varied human tryptase cDNAs identified two truncated ESTs that subsequently were found to encode overlapping portions of a novel human serine protease (designated tryptase epsilon or protease, serine S1 family member 22 (PRSS22)). The tryptase epsilon gene resides on chromosome 16p13.3 within a 2.5-Mb complex of serine protease genes. Although at least 7 of the 14 genes in this complex encode enzymatically active proteases, only one tryptase epsilon-like gene was identified. The trachea and esophagus were found to contain the highest steady-state levels of the tryptase epsilon transcript in adult humans. Although the tryptase epsilon transcript was scarce in adult human lung, it was present in abundance in fetal lung. Thus, the tryptase epsilon gene is expressed in the airways in a developmentally regulated manner that is different from that of other human tryptase genes. At the cellular level, tryptase epsilon is a major product of normal pulmonary epithelial cells, as well as varied transformed epithelial cell lines. Enzymatically active tryptase epsilon is also constitutively secreted from these cells. The amino acid sequence of human tryptase epsilon is 38-44% identical to those of human tryptase alpha, tryptase beta I, tryptase beta II, tryptase beta III, transmembrane tryptase/tryptase gamma, marapsin, and Esp-1/testisin. Nevertheless, comparative protein structure modeling and functional studies using recombinant material revealed that tryptase epsilon has a substrate preference distinct from that of its other family members. These data indicate that the products of the chromosome 16p13.3 complex of tryptase genes evolved to carry out varied functions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Wong
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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41
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Eyrich VA, Martí-Renom MA, Przybylski D, Madhusudhan MS, Fiser A, Pazos F, Valencia A, Sali A, Rost B. EVA: continuous automatic evaluation of protein structure prediction servers. Bioinformatics 2001; 17:1242-3. [PMID: 11751240 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.12.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evaluation of protein structure prediction methods is difficult and time-consuming. Here, we describe EVA, a web server for assessing protein structure prediction methods, in an automated, continuous and large-scale fashion. Currently, EVA evaluates the performance of a variety of prediction methods available through the internet. Every week, the sequences of the latest experimentally determined protein structures are sent to prediction servers, results are collected, performance is evaluated, and a summary is published on the web. EVA has so far collected data for more than 3000 protein chains. These results may provide valuable insight to both developers and users of prediction methods. AVAILABILITY http://cubic.bioc.columbia.edu/eva. CONTACT eva@cubic.bioc.columbia.edu
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Eyrich
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway MC 3136, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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42
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Bonanno JB, Edo C, Eswar N, Pieper U, Romanowski MJ, Ilyin V, Gerchman SE, Kycia H, Studier FW, Sali A, Burley SK. Structural genomics of enzymes involved in sterol/isoprenoid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:12896-901. [PMID: 11698677 PMCID: PMC60796 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.181466998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray structures of two enzymes in the sterol/isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway have been determined in a structural genomics pilot study. Mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD) is a single-domain alpha/beta protein that catalyzes the last of three sequential ATP-dependent reactions which convert mevalonate to isopentenyl diphosphate. Isopentenyl disphosphate isomerase (IDI) is an alpha/beta metalloenzyme that catalyzes interconversion of isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, which condense in the next step toward synthesis of sterols and a host of natural products. Homology modeling of related proteins and comparisons of the MDD and IDI structures with two other experimentally determined structures have shown that MDD is a member of the GHMP superfamily of small-molecule kinases and IDI is similar to the nudix hydrolases, which act on nucleotide diphosphatecontaining substrates. Structural models were produced for 379 proteins, encompassing a substantial fraction of both protein superfamilies. All three enzymes responsible for synthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate from mevalonate (mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase, and MDD) share the same fold, catalyze phosphorylation of chemically similar substrates (MDD decarboxylation involves phosphorylation of mevalonate diphosphate), and seem to have evolved from a common ancestor. These structures and the structural models derived from them provide a framework for interpreting biochemical function and evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Bonanno
- Laboratories of Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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43
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Spahn CM, Beckmann R, Eswar N, Penczek PA, Sali A, Blobel G, Frank J. Structure of the 80S ribosome from Saccharomyces cerevisiae--tRNA-ribosome and subunit-subunit interactions. Cell 2001; 107:373-86. [PMID: 11701127 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A cryo-EM reconstruction of the translating yeast 80S ribosome was analyzed. Computationally separated rRNA and protein densities were used for docking of appropriately modified rRNA models and homology models of yeast ribosomal proteins. The core of the ribosome shows a remarkable degree of conservation. However, some significant differences in functionally important regions and dramatic changes in the periphery due to expansion segments and additional ribosomal proteins are evident. As in the bacterial ribosome, bridges between the subunits are mainly formed by RNA contacts. Four new bridges are present at the periphery. The position of the P site tRNA coincides precisely with its prokaryotic counterpart, with mainly rRNA contributing to its molecular environment. This analysis presents an exhaustive inventory of an eukaryotic ribosome at the molecular level.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Cryoelectron Microscopy/methods
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- RNA
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- Ribosomes/metabolism
- Ribosomes/ultrastructure
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Spahn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Health Research Inc., Albany, NY 12201, USA
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44
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Beckmann R, Spahn CM, Eswar N, Helmers J, Penczek PA, Sali A, Frank J, Blobel G. Architecture of the protein-conducting channel associated with the translating 80S ribosome. Cell 2001; 107:361-72. [PMID: 11701126 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro assembled yeast ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCs) containing a signal sequence in the nascent chain were immunopurified and reconstituted with the purified protein-conducting channel (PCC) of yeast endoplasmic reticulum, the Sec61 complex. A cryo-EM reconstruction of the RNC-Sec61 complex at 15.4 A resolution shows a tRNA in the P site. Distinct rRNA elements and proteins of the large ribosomal subunit form four connections with the PCC across a gap of about 10-20 A. Binding of the PCC influences the position of the highly dynamic rRNA expansion segment 27. The RNC-bound Sec61 complex has a compact appearance and was estimated to be a trimer. We propose a binary model of cotranslational translocation entailing only two basic functional states of the translating ribosome-channel complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Beckmann
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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45
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Vitetta L, Sali A, Reavley NJ. Is coenzyme Q10 helpful for patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy? Med J Aust 2001; 175:447; author reply 447-8. [PMID: 11700847 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Genome sequencing projects are producing linear amino acid sequences, but full understanding of the biological role of these proteins will require knowledge of their structure and function. Although experimental structure determination methods are providing high-resolution structure information about a subset of the proteins, computational structure prediction methods will provide valuable information for the large fraction of sequences whose structures will not be determined experimentally. The first class of protein structure prediction methods, including threading and comparative modeling, rely on detectable similarity spanning most of the modeled sequence and at least one known structure. The second class of methods, de novo or ab initio methods, predict the structure from sequence alone, without relying on similarity at the fold level between the modeled sequence and any of the known structures. In this Viewpoint, we begin by describing the essential features of the methods, the accuracy of the models, and their application to the prediction and understanding of protein function, both for single proteins and on the scale of whole genomes. We then discuss the important role that protein structure prediction methods play in the growing worldwide effort in structural genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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47
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Borodovsky M, Koonin E, Burge C, Fickett J, Logsdon J, Sali A, Stormo G, Zhulin I. THE THIRD GEORGIA TECH-EMORY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS: IN SILICO BIOLOGY; BIOINFORMATICS AFTER HUMAN GENOME (NOVEMBER 15-18, 2001, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, USA). Bioinformatics 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.10.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Bello V, Goding JW, Greengrass V, Sali A, Dubljevic V, Lenoir C, Trugnan G, Maurice M. Characterization of a di-leucine-based signal in the cytoplasmic tail of the nucleotide-pyrophosphatase NPP1 that mediates basolateral targeting but not endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12:3004-15. [PMID: 11598187 PMCID: PMC60151 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.10.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPPase) family are expressed at opposite surfaces in polarized epithelial cells. We investigated the targeting signal of NPP1, which is exclusively expressed at the basolateral surface. Full-length NPP1 and different constructs and mutants were transfected into the polarized MDCK cell line. Expression of the proteins was analyzed by confocal microscopy and surface biotinylation. The basolateral signal of NPP1 was identified as a di-leucine motif located in the cytoplasmic tail. Mutation of either or both leucines largely redirected NPP1 to the apical surface. Furthermore, addition of the conserved sequence AAASLLAP redirected the apical nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase NPP3 to the basolateral surface. Full-length NPP1 was not significantly internalized. However, when the cytoplasmic tail was deleted upstream the di-leucine motif or when the six upstream flanking amino acids were deleted, the protein was mainly found intracellularly. Endocytosis experiments indicated that these mutants were endocytosed from the basolateral surface. These results identify the basolateral signal of NPP1 as a short sequence including a di-leucine motif that is dominant over apical determinants and point to the importance of surrounding amino acids in determining whether the signal will function as a basolateral signal only or as an endocytotic signal as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bello
- U538 INSERM, CHU St-Antoine, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
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49
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Vitetta L, Kenner D, Kissane D, Sali A. Clinical outcomes in terminally ill patients admitted to hospice care: diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. J Palliat Care 2001; 17:69-77. [PMID: 11477988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
This study's aim was to determine the impact of medical technologies on patient comfort and survival time, through retrospective review of the clinical course, symptom profile, and illness trajectory in 102 consecutive patients (50 males and 52 females), and of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions delivered to them. The average age of males was 72.3 years and of females 73.1 years. Ninety-four patients were admitted for palliation of symptoms due to malignant disease and eight other patients for non-malignant diseases. The median survival time was 12 days. On admission, higher univariate hazard risks for survival were significantly associated with male gender, metastatic disease, and dyspnea. Higher adjusted Charlson comorbidity scores were associated with significantly decreased survival time, while de novo symptoms and diagnostic interventions were associated with lower univariate risk rates and increased survival times. Palliative therapeutic interventions were not significantly associated with increased patient survival. A multivariate analysis showed that pain, dyspnea, immobility, and adjusted Charlson comorbidity scores were independent risks for shorter patient survival times. Diagnostic interventions were significant for increased patient survival. No requests for euthanasia had been recorded, which may, in part, reflect the significant family support most of these patients had received.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vitetta
- Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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50
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Abstract
SUMMARY The DBAli database includes approximately 35000 alignments of pairs of protein structures from SCOP (Lo Conte et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 257-259, 2000) and CE (Shindyalov and Bourne, Protein Eng., 11, 739-747, 1998). DBAli is linked to several resources, including Compare3D (Shindyalov and Bourne, http://www.sdsc.edu/pb/software.htm, 1999) and ModView (Ilyin and Sali, http://guitar.rockefeller.edu/ModView/, 2001) for visualizing sequence alignments and structure superpositions. A flexible search of DBAli by protein sequence and structure properties allows construction of subsets of alignments suitable for a number of applications, such as benchmarking of sequence-sequence and sequence-structure alignment methods under a variety of conditions. AVAILABILITY http://guitar.rockefeller.edu/DBAli/
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martí-Renom
- Laboratories of Molecular Biophysics, Pels Family Center for Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA
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