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Varghese SM, Patel S, Nandan A, Jose A, Ghosh S, Sah RK, Menon B, K V A, Chakravarty S. Unraveling the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5. [PMID: 38730081 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder characterized by persistent dysphoria, psychomotor retardation, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and a remarkable decrease in overall well-being. Despite the prevalence of accessible antidepressant therapies, many individuals do not achieve substantial improvement. Understanding the multifactorial pathophysiology and the heterogeneous nature of the disorder could lead the way toward better outcomes. Recent findings have elucidated the substantial impact of compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity on the manifestation of depression. BBB functions as an indispensable defense mechanism, tightly overseeing the transport of molecules from the periphery to preserve the integrity of the brain parenchyma. The dysfunction of the BBB has been implicated in a multitude of neurological disorders, and its disruption and consequent brain alterations could potentially serve as important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of depression. In this review, we extensively examine the pathophysiological relevance of the BBB and delve into the specific modifications of its components that underlie the complexities of depression. A particular focus has been placed on examining the effects of peripheral inflammation on the BBB in depression and elucidating the intricate interactions between the gut, BBB, and brain. Furthermore, this review encompasses significant updates on the assessment of BBB integrity and permeability, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic. Finally, we outline the therapeutic relevance and strategies based on BBB in depression, including COVID-19-associated BBB disruption and neuropsychiatric implications. Understanding the comprehensive pathogenic cascade of depression is crucial for shaping the trajectory of future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamili Mariya Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Nair A, Greeny A, Nandan A, Sah RK, Jose A, Dyawanapelly S, Junnuthula V, K V A, Sadanandan P. Advanced drug delivery and therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:414. [PMID: 37946240 PMCID: PMC10634178 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches for effective treatment. Conventional TB therapy encounters several limitations, including extended treatment duration, drug resistance, patient noncompliance, poor bioavailability, and suboptimal targeting. Advanced drug delivery strategies have emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges. They have the potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes and improve TB patient compliance by providing benefits such as multiple drug encapsulation, sustained release, targeted delivery, reduced dosing frequency, and minimal side effects. This review examines the current landscape of drug delivery strategies for effective TB management, specifically highlighting lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, emulsion-based systems, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and hydrogels as promising approaches. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic strategies like targeted therapy, long-acting therapeutics, extrapulmonary therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are emphasized. The review also discusses the future trajectory and challenges of developing drug delivery systems for TB. In conclusion, nanomedicine has made substantial progress in addressing the challenges posed by conventional TB drugs. Moreover, by harnessing the unique targeting abilities, extended duration of action, and specificity of advanced therapeutics, innovative solutions are offered that have the potential to revolutionize TB therapy, thereby enhancing treatment outcomes and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Alosh Greeny
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | | | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant Sadanandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
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K V A, Wahul AB, Soren K, Das T, Dey S, Samudrala PK, Kumar A, Lahkar M, Chakravarty S. Differential modulation of GR signaling and HDACs in the development of resilient/vulnerable phenotype and antidepressant-like response of vorinostat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105083. [PMID: 33310695 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the antidepressant potential of vorinostat (VOR) against chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in mice. Since this model has the remarkable capacity to delineate the resilient and the defeated mice, we also looked for their molecular deviations. Defeated mice showed classical phenotypic alterations such as anhedonia, social avoidance, anxiety and despair. Whereas, resilient mice were immune to the development of those. Both defeated and resilient mice demonstrated marked CORT elevation in blood. Development of resilience vs. defeat to CSDS was found to be associated with the differential nuclear levels of GR, HDAC3 and HDAC6 in the hippocampus. Activation of a stress responsive adaptive mechanism involving these mediators at the nuclear level might be offering resilience while maladaptive mechanisms leading to defeat. Interestingly, an elevated hippocampal HDAC6 level in defeated mice was also observed, which was restored by VOR treatment. Further studies will be necessary to delineate the HDAC6 associated antidepressant mechanisms. As HDAC3 and HDAC6 are crucial mediators of GR signaling, further molecular studies may aid in understanding the basis of development of resilience to target MDD with new prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781125, Assam, India; Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Abhipradnya Bipin Wahul
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Tapatee Das
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Dey
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781125, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
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K V A, Madhana RM, Bais AK, Singh VB, Malik A, Sinha S, Lahkar M, Kumar P, Samudrala PK. Cognitive Improvement by Vorinostat through Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Corticosterone-Induced Chronic Stress Model in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2649-2657. [PMID: 32673474 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is the leading cause of memory impairment today. Various stress-based models are being developed for studying cognitive impairment. Repurposing of existing drugs in a new pharmacology class is the safest and cheapest option for treatment instead of new drug discovery. Vorinostat (VOR) is the first histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by the U.S. FDA. VOR follows the rule of five and is reported to cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the procognitive potential of VOR (25 mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal (ip) route in a stress-based model of chronic corticosterone (CORT) injections (20 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc)). The study comprised six groups. Normal mice were administered vehicle (VEH) (days 1-21, sc) in the first group, VOR (days 8-21, 25 mg/kg, ip) in the second group, and fluoxetine (FLX) (days 8-21, 15 mg/kg, oral) in the third group. Mice in the remaining three groups were given 20 mg/kg (sc) CORT for 21 days, and VOR (days 8-21, 25 mg/kg, ip) or FLX (days 8-21, 15 mg/kg, oral) was additionally administered to the treatment groups. Behavioral tests such as Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, and object in place test were performed at the end of the dosing schedule to assess cognition. After behavior tests, mice were sacrificed, and hippocampus was separated from brain tissue for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry studies. VOR treatment attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CORT mice as evident from the reduction in DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3) (gene encoding CHOP), caspase 12 (Casp12), and calpain-2 (Capn2) mRNA levels, and cleaved caspase 3 (CASP3) protein expression. Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) was significantly increased in VOR-treated CORT mice. VOR also reversed CORT induced increase in HDAC2 level in the CA3 region. The protective effects of VOR were comparable to that of FLX in CORT mice. Thus, VOR has the potential to reverse cognitive dysfunction via modulation of ER stress markers and HDAC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682041 Kerala, India
| | - Rajaram Mohanrao Madhana
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bais
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Vijay Bahadur Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Arpit Malik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Swapnil Sinha
- DST WOS-A Scientist, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, 781032 Assam, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
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K V A, Madhana RM, Kasala ER, Samudrala PK, Lahkar M, Gogoi R. Morin Hydrate Mitigates Cisplatin-Induced Renal and Hepatic Injury by Impeding Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Inflammation in Mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:571-579. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 India
| | - Rajaram Mohanrao Madhana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 India
| | - Eshvendar Reddy Kasala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 India
- Department of Pharmacology; Gauhati Medical College; Guwahati 781 032 India
| | - Ranadeep Gogoi
- Department of Biotechnology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 India
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Sriram CS, Jangra A, Bezbaruah BK, V AK, Sykam S. Alternative mechanisms of inhibiting activity of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2016; 8:123-8. [PMID: 26709902 DOI: 10.2741/s452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP-1), a DNA nick-sensor enzyme, is an abundant nuclear protein. Upon sensing DNA breaks, PARP-1 gets activated and cleaves NAD into nicotinamide and ADP-ribose and polymerizes the latter onto nuclear acceptor proteins including histones, transcription factors, and PARP-1 itself. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) mainly contributes to DNA repairing mechanism. However, oxidative stress-induced over-activation of PARP-1 consumes excess of NAD and consequently ATP, culminating into cell necrosis. This cellular suicide pathway has been implicated in several conditions such as stroke, myocardial ischemia, diabetes. Thus, it can be a rationale approach to inhibit the activity of PARP-1 for reducing detrimental effects associated with oxidative stress-induced over-activation of PARP-1. Several preclinical as well as clinical studies of PARP-1 inhibitors have been used in conditions such as cancer, stroke and traumatic brain injury. Conventionally, there are many studies which employed the concept of direct inhibition of PARP-1 by competing with NAD. Here, in the present review, we highlight several prospective alternative approaches for the inhibition of PARP-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shaker Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Narkachal Hilltop, Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, India. PIN: 781032,
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Narkachal Hilltop, Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, India. PIN: 781032
| | - Babul Kumar Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Narkachal Hilltop, Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, India. PIN: 781032
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Narkachal Hilltop, Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, India. PIN: 781032
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Ali SH, Madhana RM, K V A, Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Pitta S, Mahareddy JR, Lahkar M. Resveratrol ameliorates depressive-like behavior in repeated corticosterone-induced depression in mice. Steroids 2015; 101:37-42. [PMID: 26048446 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A mouse model of depression has been recently developed by exogenous corticosterone (CORT) administration, which has shown to mimic HPA-axis induced depression-like state in animals. The present study aimed to examine the antidepressant-like effect and the possible mechanisms of resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol of phytoalexin family, on depressive-like behavior induced by repeated corticosterone injections in mice. Mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with 40mg/kg corticosterone (CORT) chronically for 21days. Resveratrol and fluoxetine were administered 30min prior to the CORT injection. After 21-days treatment with respective drugs, behavioral and biochemical parameters were estimated. Since brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in antidepressant activity of many drugs, we also evaluated the effect of resveratrol on BDNF in the hippocampus. Three weeks of CORT injections in mice resulted in depressive-like behavior, as indicated by the significant decrease in sucrose consumption and increase in immobility time in the forced swim test and tail suspension test. Further, there was a significant increase in serum corticosterone level and a significant decrease in hippocampus BDNF level in CORT-treated mice. Treatment of mice with resveratrol significantly ameliorated all the behavioral and biochemical changes induced by corticosterone. These results suggest that resveratrol produces an antidepressant-like effect in CORT-induced depression in mice, which is possibly mediated by rectifying the stress-based hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction paradigm and upregulation of hippocampal BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hamid Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Rajaram Mohanrao Madhana
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Eshvendar Reddy Kasala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Lakshmi Narendra Bodduluru
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Sathish Pitta
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Jalandhar Reddy Mahareddy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Bhangagarh, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
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Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Madana RM, V AK, Gogoi R, Barua CC. Chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of chrysin in cancer: mechanistic perspectives. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:214-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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