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Photoreceptors inhibit pathological retinal angiogenesis through transcriptional regulation of Adam17 via c-Fos. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09912-0. [PMID: 38483712 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Pathological retinal angiogenesis profoundly impacts visual function in vascular eye diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants and age-related macular degeneration in the elderly. While the involvement of photoreceptors in these diseases is recognized, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study delved into the pivotal role of photoreceptors in regulating abnormal retinal blood vessel growth using an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model through the c-Fos/A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (Adam17) axis. Our findings revealed a significant induction of c-Fos expression in rod photoreceptors, and c-Fos depletion in these cells inhibited pathological neovascularization and reduced blood vessel leakage in the OIR mouse model. Mechanistically, c-Fos directly regulated the transcription of Adam17 a shedding protease responsible for the production of bioactive molecules involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential by using an adeno-associated virus carrying a rod photoreceptor-specific short hairpin RNA against c-fos which effectively mitigated abnormal retinal blood vessel overgrowth, restored retinal thickness, and improved electroretinographic (ERG) responses. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of photoreceptor c-Fos in ROP pathology, offering a novel perspective for the treatment of this disease.
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Predictability of the Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) for Technical and Limb Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Vasc Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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356 Reducing Long Term Opioid Prescribing Post Thoracic Surgery. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Patients are routinely started on strong opioid analgesia after surgery with most receiving a prescription for these to continue discharge. We examine the analgesia prescribed in our unit, comparing to ERAS principles from EACTS. We aimed to reduce the total equivalent dose of morphine prescribed on discharge by implementing ERAS principles.
Method
We undertook a retrospective analysis of the analgesia prescribing for patients post open and VATS procedure noting the total dose opioids (using the equivalent dose of morphine). We examined how many patients were still being prescribed opioids analgesia long term, defined as 6 weeks post procedure. We implemented ERAS principles, changing to morphine rather than oxycodone, using short-acting preparations and increasing use of opioid sparing analgesia including NSAIDs.
Results
20% of patients started on strong opioids post procedure were still being prescribed these 6 weeks later. We used ERAS principles to reduce the equivalent dose of morphine dispensed on discharge by a third.
Conclusions
We identified a significant issue with long term opioid prescribing and initiated measures which have resulted in positive change. Our next cycle will measure the outcome of our changes on long-term prescribing implement a multi-disciplinary approach to try reducing the burden of long-term opioid prescribing further.
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46 Prolonged intensive care stay after cardiac surgery: is repatriation to a general ICU safe? BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308621.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Forgotten appointments equals missed opportunities: Exploring the reasons for low HPV vaccine series completion rates. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination: Perspectives of parents of vaccine-eligible children. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Outcomes of adult dual kidney transplants by KDRI in the United States. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2433-40. [PMID: 23919381 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNOS guidelines provide inadequate discriminatory criteria for kidneys that should be transplanted as single (SKT) versus dual (DKT). We evaluated the utility of the kidney donor risk index (KDRI) to define kidneys with better outcomes when transplanted as dual. Using SRTR data from 1995 to 2010 of de novo KTX recipients of adult deceased-donor kidneys, we examined outcomes of SKT and DKT stratified by KDRI group ≤1.4 (n = 49 294), 1.41-1.8 (n = 15 674), 1.81-2.2 (n = 6523) and >2.2 (n = 2791). DKT of kidneys with KDRI >2.2 was associated with significantly better overall graft survival [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.96] compared to single kidneys with KDRI >2.2. DKT was associated with significantly decreased odds of delayed graft function (top 2 KDRI categories) and significantly decreased odds of 1-year serum creatinine level >2 mg/dL (top 3 KDRI categories). Among SKT and DKT from KDRI >2.2 there were 16.1 and 13.9 graft losses per 100 patient follow-up years, respectively. KDRI >2.2 is a useful discriminatory cut-off for the determination of graft survival benefit with the use of DKT; however, the benefit of increased graft years was less than half of single kidneys from donors in the same KDRI range.
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Alemtuzumab induction in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2013; 27:693-700. [PMID: 23924066 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alemtuzumab (AZ) is a monoclonal anti-CD52 antibody used as an induction agent in organ transplantation. Few studies have analyzed this agent in the context of simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation (SPKT). METHODS We examined US registry data of SPKT recipient outcomes from January 2002 to October 2009 stratified by induction agent including AZ, other T-cell-depleting agents combined (T cell), IL2 receptor blockade (IL-2RAb), and no induction (none). RESULTS Of 6860 SPKT recipients, induction therapy was AZ in 10%, T cell in 49%, IL-2RAb in 18%, and none in 22%. On multivariate analysis, there were no significant differences in overall patient survival, pancreas or renal allograft survival, or delayed renal graft function for the three induction groups compared with no induction. Rehospitalization within six months of transplantation occurred more often with AZ (51%) T cell (52%), and IL-2RAB (45%) compared with none (41%; p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, there was a significant higher odds of six-month rehospitalization with AZ (aOR 1.40, 95%CI 1.14-1.71), IL-2RAb (aOR 1.20, 95%CI 1.01-1.42-1.20), and other T-cell-depleting agents (aOR 1.50, 95%CI 1.31-1.73) compared with none. Median length of stay was significantly shorter in the AZ (8 d) compared with the IL-2RAb (9 d), T cell (10 d), and none (10 d) groups (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS There are no differences in patient, pancreas or renal allograft survival using AZ induction. AZ may confer an advantage in the perioperative period as evidenced by a decreased hospital length of stay. However, this benefit may be lost due to more frequent rehospitalizations.
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Potential of the Nintendo Wii™ as a rehabilitation tool for children with cerebral palsy in a developing country: a pilot study. Physiotherapy 2012; 98:238-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Impact of donor obesity and donation after cardiac death on outcomes after kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2012; 26:E284-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2012.01649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract LB-308: Combination of CTx-0294945 a highly selective inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase with bevacizumab in pre-clinical models of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that provides a critical hub for signalling from at least four different classes of cellular sensing mechanisms including growth factor receptors, GPCRs, integrins and mechanical stress forces. By temporal and spatial integration of signals from these sources, FAK plays a central role in cell migration, invasion and proliferation; processes vital for tumorigenesis. The significance of FAK to the function of signal transduction pathways provides a strong rationale for the combination of FAK inhibitors with other targeted agents to achieve improved efficacy against a range of cancers. Others have demonstrated the importance of FAK in angiogenesis and therefore combining a FAKi with anti-VEGF agents is attractive as it employs two complementary mechanisms of suppressing the formation of tumor vasculature. Here we present results from the co-administration of CTx-0294945, a highly selective FAKi, and bevacizumab (bev) in an orthotopic model of human breast cancer. Methods and Results: CTx-0294945 is an orally bioavailable small molecule ATP competitive inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK KD=0.21 nM). It exhibits high selectivity against a diverse panel of 125 kinases including the closely related Pyk2. CTx-0294945 inhibits autophosphorylation of 397Y-FAK in MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 = 7 nM and exhibits low general cellular toxicity (IC50 = 2.7 µM, MDA-MB-231 cells). CTx-0294945 is suitable for oral administration (%F=58 and t1/2=5.1 h at 20 mg/Kg in rat) and does not inhibit (IC50 >20 µM) any of the cytochrome p450 isoforms tested to date. To assess the co-administration of CTx-0294945 with bev, mice were injected orthotopically with MDA-MB-231 cells (106). After 14 days, when tumors were palpable, mice were randomized into 4 groups and dosing commenced. The groups were treated with CTx-0294945 (80 mg/kg QD, PO), bev (12.5 mg/Kg IP, x2/week), CTx-0294945 (80 mg/Kg QD, PO) and bev (12.5 mg/Kg IP, x2/week) or vehicle. Tumor growth was monitored and on day 28 animals in the vehicle and CTx-0294945 arms were culled when the size of the tumors reached ethical end point (1000 mm3). Tumor growth in the bev only and the CTx-0294945 + bev arms was significantly inhibited (75% and 88% TGI respectively). At this time the treatment regimes for both cohorts were stopped and tumor growth allowed to progress. After an additional 14 days the experiment was terminated when the bev treatment group reached ethical end point; however the average size of the tumors in the CTx-0294945 + bev cohort was still was only 562 mm3. Conclusions: Our data suggest the potential utility of combining a selective FAK inhibitor with bevacizumab to prevent tumour progression and enhance the durability of response.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-308. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-308
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AN OUTBREAK OF PSITTACOSIS IN PIGEONS, INVOLVING THE PRODUCTION OF INCLUSION BODIES, AND TRANSFER OF THE DISEASE TO MAN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 78:189-204. [PMID: 19871321 PMCID: PMC2135331 DOI: 10.1084/jem.78.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An epizootic disease in pigeons associated with atypical pneumonia in two persons handling the birds has been studied. Most of the observations made during the work were consistent with the idea that we were dealing with an infection caused by a member of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group of viruses. The outbreak was peculiar, however, in that tissues of the diseased pigeons contained many intranuclear inclusions and that the viruses isolated from these birds produced both intranuclear inclusions and elementary bodies in the cytoplasm of cells of chorio-allantoic membranes of the developing egg. Whether the pigeons were simultaneously infected with two viruses or whether the virus of pigeon psittacosis can produce intranuclear inclusions under certain conditions remains to be determined.
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Mobilization of haemopoietic stem cells by cyclophosphamide into the peripheral blood of patients with haematological malignancies. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY HAEMATOLOGY 2008; 13:25-32. [PMID: 2060261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1991.tb00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thirty one peripheral blood stem cell mobilizations using cyclophosphamide, followed by leucapheresis, were performed in 25 patients with a variety of haematological malignancies. Cyclophosphamide at doses ranging from 0.25 g/M2/day x 4 days to 4 g/M2 on one day were given. Total doses of cyclophosphamide less than 4 g/M2 failed to induce a significant mobilization of stem cells into the peripheral blood. This compares to cyclophosphamide doses of 4 g/M2 given over one or two days where 70%-75% of patients yielded adequate stem cells for transplantation (greater than 20 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg). Both the presence of tumour cells in the bone marrow and previous chemotherapy within 12 months of cyclophosphamide infusion significantly diminished the patients stem cell mobilizations. The rate of recovery of the patient's leucocyte count following cyclophosphamide was highly correlated to the peak level of PB CFU-GM and is a good indicator of the total stem cell yield. Fever in 50% of patients during the period of cytopaenia was the only complication seen in our patients and thus high dose cyclophosphamide is a suitable and safe agent for mobilizing haemopoietic stem cells.
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Nectar-secreting floral stomata in Maxillaria anceps Ames & C. Schweinf. (Orchidaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2005; 96:217-27. [PMID: 15953790 PMCID: PMC4246882 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although it was generally assumed that Maxillaria spp. do not produce nectar, in recent years, nectar has been reported for a number of these orchids. Nevertheless, our current understanding of nectary structure and nectar secretion in Maxillaria is based solely on M. coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge, which, since it shows many features characteristic of ornithophilous flowers, is atypical of this largely entomophilous genus. The aim of the present paper is to describe, for the first time, nectar secretion in a presumed entomophilous species of Maxillaria. METHODS The structure of the nectary of M. anceps Ames & C. Schweinf., nectar composition and the process of nectar secretion were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, histochemistry, refractometry and high performance liquid chromatography. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Nectar appears as droplets that are exuded by modified stomata borne upon the labellar callus and collects upon the labellum and at the base of the column-foot. Although such stomata are known to occur in a number of angiosperm families, this is the first time for them to be observed in orchids. The callus consists largely of parenchyma with raphides and is supplied by eight to ten collateral bundles. This tissue, together with the single-layered epidermis, seemingly contains terpenoids. During the bud stage, the callus cells contain an organelle complement consistent with secretory cells whereas by day 4 of anthesis, much of the cell is occupied by a vacuole. The nectar is sucrose-dominant but also contains low concentrations of glucose, fructose, free amino acids and possibly terpenoids. The high sugar concentration (approx. 66 %) is consistent with melittophily and may indicate that, like the majority of Maxillaria spp., M. anceps is visited by stingless bees (Meliponini).
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Comparative account of nectary structure in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2005; 95:749-56. [PMID: 15705603 PMCID: PMC4246730 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the number of orchid species that are thought to be pollinated by hummingbirds, our knowledge of the nectaries of these orchids is based solely on a single species, Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge. Nevertheless, it is predicted that such nectaries are likely to be very diverse and the purpose of this paper is to compare the nectary and the process of nectar secretion in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. with that of Maxillaria coccinea so as to begin to characterize the nectaries of presumed ornithophilous Neotropical orchids. METHODS Light microscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy and histochemistry were used to examine the histology and chemical composition of nectary tissue and the process of nectar secretion in H. imbricata. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The nectary of H. imbricata has a vascular supply, is bound by a single-layered epidermis with few stomata and comprises two or three layers of subepidermal secretory cells beneath which lie several layers of palisade-like parenchymatous cells, some of which contain raphides or mucilage. The secretory cells are collenchymatous and their walls have numerous pits with associated plasmodesmata. They contain the full complement of organelles characteristic of secretory cells as well as intravacuolar protein bodies but some of the secretory epidermal cells, following secretion, collapse and their anticlinal walls seem to fold. Nectar secretion is thought to be granulocrine and, following starch depletion, lipid droplets collect within the plastids. The nectar accumulates beneath the cuticle which subsequently forms swellings. Finally, nectar collects in the saccate nectary spur formed by the fusion of the margins of the labellum and the base of the column-foot. Thus, although the nectary of H. imbricata and M. coccinea have many features in common, they nevertheless display a number of important differences.
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Nectary structure and nectar secretion in Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge (Orchidaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2004; 93:87-95. [PMID: 14630692 PMCID: PMC4242262 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It had previously been assumed that Maxillaria spp. produce no nectar. However, nectar has recently been observed in Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge amongst other species. Furthermore, it is speculated that M. coccinea may be pollinated by hummingbirds. The aim of this paper is to investigate these claims further. METHODS Light microscopy, histochemistry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS This is the first detailed account of nectar secretion in Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. A 'faucet and sink' arrangement occurs in M. coccinea. Here, the nectary is represented by a small protuberance upon the ventral surface of the column and nectar collects in a semi-saccate reservoir formed by the fusion of the labellum and the base of the column-foot. The nectary comprises a single-layered epidermis and three or four layers of small subepidermal cells. Beneath these occur several layers of larger parenchyma cells. Epidermal cells lack ectodesmata and have a thin, permeable, reticulate cuticle with associated swellings that coincide with the middle lamella between adjoining epidermal cells. Nectar is thought to pass both along the apoplast and symplast and eventually through the stretched and distended cuticle. The secretory cells are collenchymatous, nucleated and have numerous pits with plasmodesmata, mitochondria, rough ER and plastids with many plastoglobuli but few lamellae. Subsecretory cells have fewer plastids than secretory cells. Nectary cells also contain large intravacuolar protein bodies. The floral morphology of M. coccinea is considered in relation to ornithophily and its nectary compared with a similar protuberance found in the entomophilous species M. parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay. CONCLUSIONS Flowers of M. coccinea produce copious amounts of nectar and, despite the absence of field data, their morphology and the exact configuration of their parts argue strongly in favour of ornithophily.
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Abstract
Radiotherapy as definitive treatment for invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy causes spontaneous abortion in most cases. Surgical evacuation of the uterus is indicated when abortion does not occur, exposing patients to additional morbidity. Two Latin American women, diagnosed with FIGO stage IB2 cervical cancer at approximately 15 weeks gestation, underwent radiotherapy with radiosensitizing chemotherapy. After intrauterine fetal demise was detected, both women underwent induction with misoprostol. Results included one complete abortion and one incomplete abortion without complications or delays in treatment. These cases demonstrate that induction with misoprostol appears to be a safe and effective alternative to surgical evacuation of the uterus when spontaneous abortion fails to occur during radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.
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Abstract
The labella of Maxillaria acuminata Lindl., M. cerifera Barb. Rodr. and M. notylioglossa Rchb.f., all members of the M. acuminata alliance, produce a viscid wax-like secretion. Histochemical analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the secretion is similar in all three species, consisting largely of lipid and protein. Light microscopy and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the secretory process. In a fourth taxon, M. cf. notylioglossa, transmission electron microscopy showed that lipid bodies are associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum or occur as plastoglobuli within plastids. Lipid bodies vary in appearance and this may reflect differences in chemical composition. They become associated with the plasmalemma and eventually accumulate between the latter and the cell wall. The wall contains no pits or ectodesmata, and it is speculated that lipid passes through the wall as small lipid moieties before eventually reassembling to form lipid globules on the external surface of the cuticle. These globules are able to coalesce forming extensive viscid areas on the labellum. The possible significance of this process to pollination is discussed.
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Anaesthetists and perioperative risk. Paediatr Anaesth 2001; 11:254-5. [PMID: 11240893 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.0666f.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Identification of Y chromatin directly in gonadal tissue by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): significance for Ullrich-Turner syndrome screening in the cytogenetics laboratory. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 91:377-82. [PMID: 10767002 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000424)91:5<377::aid-ajmg11>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Y chromatin in individuals with Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS) confers a risk for gonadoblastoma. In mosaic cases, little is known about Y chromatin distribution in gonads. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a direct approach to assess the extent of Y chromatin mosaicism in gonads. Gonadal tissue from four patients with mosaic karyotypes were analyzed by routine cytogenetics and FISH with X and Y centromere probes. Y chromatin was present in gonads in varying percentages in these patients. The distribution of Y chromatin in gonads of UTS individuals did not completely correlate with that found in blood lymphocytes. The finding of Y chromatin in the blood samples from these patients prompted the development of a screening strategy in our cytogenetics laboratory to detect low-level Y chromatin mosaicism in patients with UTS.
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A system for investigating oesophageal photoplethysmographic signals in anaesthetised patients. Med Biol Eng Comput 1999; 37:639-43. [PMID: 10723903 DOI: 10.1007/bf02513360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of arterial blood oxygen saturation in patients with compromised peripheral perfusion is often difficult, because conventional non-invasive techniques such as pulse oximetry (SpO2) can fail. Poor peripheral circulation commonly occurs after major surgery including cardiopulmonary bypass. The difficulties in these clinical situations might be overcome if the sensor were to monitor a better perfused central part of the body such as the oesophagus. A new oesophageal photoplethysmographic (PPG) probe and an isolated processing system have been developed to investigate the pulsatile signals of anaesthetised adult patients undergoing routine surgery. Measurements were made in the middle third of the oesophagus, 25 cm to 30 cm from the upper incisors. The AC PPG signals are sampled by a data acquisition system connected to a laptop computer. The signals recorded correspond to infrared and red AC PPGs from the middle third oesophagus and the finger. Preliminary results from 20 patients show that good quality AC PPG signals can be measured in the human oesophagus. The ratio of the oesophageal to finger AC PPG amplitudes was calculated for the infrared and red wavelengths for each patient. The mean (+/- standard deviation) of this ratio was 2.9 +/- 2.1 (n = 19) for the infrared wavelength and 3.1 +/- 2.4 (n = 16) for the red wavelength. The red and infrared wavelengths used are appropriate for pulse oximetry and this investigation indicates that the mid-oesophagus may be a suitable site for the reliable monitoring of SpO2 in patients with poor peripheral perfusion.
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Epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: maternal risk factors and molecular analysis of cytomegalovirus strains. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147:940-7. [PMID: 9596472 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine factors that influence the occurrence of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, the authors surveyed prospectively 8,254 infants born in eastern Iowa between October 1989 and June 1994. The authors conducted a case-control study to identify maternal risk factors, matching each CMV-infected infant with three uninfected infants according to hospital and date of birth. CMV strains were compared by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify common sources of infection. Of the 7,229 infants cultured successfully for CMV, 35 (0.48%) were congenitally infected. Mothers of CMV-infected infants were more likely to be single (odds ratio (OR) = 3.05, p = 0.016), to work in sales (OR = 4.93, p = 0.008), or to be students (OR = 5.01, p = 0.017). Conversely, women who worked in health-care professions were less likely to have a congenitally infected infant (OR = 0.14, p = 0.049). PCR analysis indicated 27 distinct strains of CMV, but two groups of infants (two infants per group) excreted strains with indistinguishable molecular patterns. One of these pairs of infants had older siblings who attended the same child-care center during their mothers' pregnancies. The authors concluded that demographic and occupational factors influenced the risk of giving birth to an infant with congenital CMV infection. Many distinct CMV strains were identified, suggesting that major point source outbreaks had not occurred. Nonetheless, point source acquisition of CMV from child-care environments did account for some cases of congenital CMV infection in eastern Iowa.
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Cytomegalovirus infection in newborns and their family members: polymerase chain reaction analysis of isolates. Infection 1997; 25:144-9. [PMID: 9181380 DOI: 10.1007/bf02113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with primers for the pp65, a-sequence, glycoprotein B, and major immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was used to study five congenitally-infected infants and their CMV-infected family members. Family members excreting CMV included three mothers and two siblings. The PCR results indicated that the CMV strain excreted by each infant was indistinguishable from that excreted by the corresponding family member. By contrast, the molecular profiles of the CMV strains were distinct between families, indicating that the PCR algorithm described in this study is a useful method for analyzing CMV strains.
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Abstract
Controversy continues regarding the clinical relevance of absent or reversed umbilical artery blood flow during diastole. The purpose of this study was to characterize the blood gas and lactate measurements of growth deficient fetuses with absent (ADF) or reversed (RDF) umbilical artery (UA) diastolic flow. In a descriptive study from February 1988 through October 1991, 42 consecutive structurally and karyotypically normal growth deficient fetuses identified to have either ADF or RDF diastolic flow in the UA were studied. Heparinized blood specimens were obtained from them and the pH, PCO2, PO2 and lactate measured. Fourteen of these specimens were obtained from the umbilical vein by cordocentesis and 28 at the caesarean delivery of non-labouring patients. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test, Student t-test and linear correlation. All measured parameters in fetuses with ADF or RDF undergoing cordocentesis were significantly abnormal compared to gestational age corrected norms. Both the mean venous and arterial pH of fetuses with RDF were significantly lower than that of fetuses with ADF. With few exceptions, preoperative maternal oxygenation failed to correct the fetal hypoxaemia associated with either ADF or RDF. In the setting of severe fetal growth deficiency secondary to uteroplacental dysfunction, ADF and RDF are clinically reliable indicators of fetal compromise as determined by the umbilical blood gases. RDF is associated with a greater impairment of placental gas exchange than ADF.
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Factors affecting blood stem cell collections following high-dose cyclophosphamide mobilization in lymphoma, myeloma and solid tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.5530100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Factors affecting blood stem cell collections following high-dose cyclophosphamide mobilization in lymphoma, myeloma and solid tumors. Bone Marrow Transplant 1992; 9:11-7. [PMID: 1347478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Sixty patients with malignancy were enrolled in a study of high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Stem cells were harvested prior to PBSCT using high-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) mobilization (4 or 7 g/m2) with collection of a median of 4.6 x 10(8)/kg mononuclear cells (range 0.2-9.5) and 21.6 x 10(4)/kg colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) (range 0.1-220). Forty-seven patients were mobilized once, 11 required two cycles and two required three cycles. Eight patients (13%) failed to reach the optimum CFU-GM target (greater than 15 x 10(4)/kg) following CY mobilization. A number of factors identified those patients who were likely to achieve optimum CFU-GM collections with CY mobilization. These included the use of the higher CY mobilization dose, a longer interval from last chemotherapy cycle to mobilization, and a higher premobilization bone marrow CFU-GM level. Patient's age, the degree of bone marrow infiltration, the nature of disease or the number of pre-mobilization chemotherapeutic cycles did not affect the ability to collect optimum CFU-GM numbers. Whilst the mobilization procedure was associated with moderate non-hematologic toxicity, significant hematological morbidity was observed primarily in patients mobilized using the 7 g/m2 dose. Refinements to the protocol, in particular the use of hematopoietic growth factors, are currently under investigation.
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An exploration of the thought disorder in schizophrenia through the use of proverbs. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 1967; 77:177-82. [PMID: 6059835 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.1967.9710400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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The Essential Need of Fundamental Research for Social Progress. Science 1945; 101:257-9. [PMID: 17751170 DOI: 10.1126/science.101.2620.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Humanism and Science: The Linsly R. Williams Memorial Lecture. BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE 1941; 17:83-99. [PMID: 19312191 PMCID: PMC1933626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS NEEDED IN FRANCE. Science 1940; 91:264-5. [PMID: 17837958 DOI: 10.1126/science.91.2359.264-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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North American Responsibilities for the University, 1934-1954. Science 1939; 89:569-74. [PMID: 17819456 DOI: 10.1126/science.89.2321.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Memorial to Sir Walter Fletcher. West J Med 1934. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3832.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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UNIVERSITY PATENTS. Science 1933; 78:554. [PMID: 17811932 DOI: 10.1126/science.78.2033.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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