Patient perspectives about multiple sclerosis: A metaphor study

AIM

Determining patients' perceptions of multiple sclerosis, a disease with varying symptoms and prognosis for each individual, can significantly contribute to directing care and treatment. Metaphors may be an opportunity to determine perceptions of this unique illness experience. The aim of this study was to reveal the perceptions of patients with multiple sclerosis about "multiple sclerosis" through metaphors.

METHODS

This study was conducted with metaphor analysis technique based on phenomenological method. The sample included 184 patients with multiple sclerosis. Data was collected face-to-face between July 2022 and January 2023. Each participant was interviewed individually and was asked to fill in the blanks in the sentence, "multiple sclerosis is like… because…". Content analysis was performed for metaphors.

RESULTS

The study revealed five main themes and twelve subthemes that provided insight into the participants' multiple sclerosis perceptions. The themes address (i) Manipulator multiple sclerosis; ambiguous multiple sclerosis, attritive multiple sclerosis, controller multiple sclerosis, demander multiple sclerosis, and conditional multiple sclerosis (ii) Temporal multiple sclerosis; cyclical multiple sclerosis and perpetual multiple sclerosis (iii) Follower multiple sclerosis; unaccepted multiple sclerosis, partner multiple sclerosis and ambusher multiple sclerosis (iv) Different multiple sclerosis; bittersweet multiple sclerosis and unique multiple sclerosis (v) Restorative multiple sclerosis.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis mostly had negative perceptions regarding their relationship with multiple sclerosis. The results place a responsibility on healthcare professionals to improve how patients adapt to multiple sclerosis. This study's results can bridge theoretical knowledge and practice.

Unfinished nursing care in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

BACKGROUND

Unfinished nursing care is becoming increasingly more of a concern in worldwide healthcare settings. Given their negative outcomes, it is crucial to continuously assess those nursing interventions that are commonly postponed or missed, as well as the underlying reasons and consequences. The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for health facilities to maintain their sustainability and continuity of care, which has also influenced the unfinished nursing care phenomenon. However, no summary of the studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic was produced up to now. The main aim of this study was to systematically review the occurrence of, reasons for, and consequences of unfinished nursing care among patients in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

Systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023422871). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guideline and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies were used. MEDLINE-PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus were searched from March 2020 up to May 2023, using keywords established in the field as missed care, unfinished nursing care, or implicit rationing.

RESULTS

Twenty-five studies conducted mainly in European and Asiatic countries were included and assessed as possessing good methodological quality. The following tools were used: the MISSCARE Survey (= 14); the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care (= 1), also in its revised form (= 2) and regarding nursing homes (= 2); the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (= 4); the Intensive Care Unit-Omitted Nursing Care (= 1); and the Unfinished Nursing Care Survey (= 1). The order of unfinished nursing care interventions that emerged across studies for some countries is substantially in line with pre-pandemic data (e.g., oral care, ambulation). However, some interesting variations emerged at the country and inter-country levels. Conversely, labour resources and reasons close to the emotional state and well-being of nurses were mentioned homogeneously as most affecting unfinished nursing care during the pandemic. None of the studies investigated the consequences of unfinished nursing care.

CONCLUSIONS

Two continents led the research in this field during the pandemic: Europe, where this research was already well established, and Asia, where this research is substantially new. While unfinished care occurrence seems to be based on pre-established patterns across Europe (e.g., regarding fundamentals needs), new patterns emerged across Asiatic countries. Among the reasons, homogeneity in the findings emerged all in line with those documented in the pre-pandemic era.

Verbal violence and missed nursing care: A phenomenological study

AIM

To define the missed care experiences of nurses exposed to verbal violence from patients.

BACKGROUND

Verbal violence takes the first place among the types of violence that nurses face in healthcare settings. This can cause negative emotional and physical responses in nurses and issues in patient and nurse interaction. As a result, it may lead to missed nursing care, defined as skipped, postponed or incomplete care during the patient's care.

METHODS

This is a phenomenological study. The study sample included 16 nurses working in inpatient clinics who reported experiencing verbal violence at least once in Turkey. The study was conducted between January and February 2022 with institutional permission and ethics committee approval (09/12/2021-2021/357). A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. The information gathered from the interviews underwent thematic analysis using an inductive approach. The 'Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ)' was used to report this qualitative study based on a comprehensive protocol.

RESULTS

The types of verbal violence most frequently faced by nurses were determined as swearing, insulting, shouting and threats. Study findings were classified into three main themes: (i) response to verbal violence, (ii) missed nursing care experiences and (iii) suggestions to cope with verbal violence. The most felt emotions in the face of verbal violence were feeling sad, unsafe and worthless. Nurses common behaviours, in response to verbal abuse were ignoring, getting used to, and wishing to get away. The examples of missed care included using non-therapeutic communication, postponing care or withdrawing from care.

CONCLUSION

Verbal violence caused negative emotional and behavioural responses in nurses, which, in turn, negatively affected the nurse-patient interaction. These findings mean that verbal violence may pave the way for missed nursing care.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY

According to these findings, an uninterrupted nursing care process needs to focus on preventive measures against verbal violence and increase the administrative and legal support offered to nurses.

Untangling a complex skein on ward round terminologies, purposes, and main features through a rapid review

AIM(S)

To increase conceptual clarity in the field of nursing regarding terms, purposes, and main features of rounding as investigated to date.

DESIGN

A Rapid Review according to the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Protocol.

REVIEW METHODS

These were: (a) set the research question; (b) establish the study eligibility criteria; (c) search the databases; (d) select the studies; (e) extract the data; (f) assess the risk of bias; and (g) provide a synthesis using three methodologies, namely a qualitative content analysis, a thematic and a framework synthesis.

DATA SOURCES

MEDLINE (PubMed), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health databases and grey literature from 2014 to 2022.

RESULTS

A total of 72 studies were included; 88 different terminologies are used to describe the rounding from one up to five words. "Preparing the care by ensuring an effective care plan, team and environment", "Delivering tailored and timely nursing care" and "Promoting the quality of care" are the three main purposes of the rounding, including several specific aims. Regarding the main features, these emerged from highly structured/prescriptive to low structured/prescriptive approaches to rounding intervention.

CONCLUSION

The word "round" alone seems to be not sufficient to communicate and describe the intervention, suggesting that this field of research is entering within the complex intervention framework. The different aims of the rounding have been conceptually categorized into three main purposes whereas the intervention features may range from simple to very complex, where several options regarding who to involve, how and when to deliver are expressed.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE

This rapid review followed by three data analysis methodologies have resulted in three main frameworks that may be useful to address the research, the clinical practice and the education regarding the terminologies, the different purposes and the main features of the rounding. No Patient or Public Contribution.

NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

There was no patient or public contribution in the conduct of this study.

Were the unfinished nursing care occurrence, reasons, and consequences different between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients? A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Unfinished Nursing Care (UNC) has been documented also during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic; however, while several secondary studies were conducted before this period to summarise occurrences, reasons, and consequences of UNC and provide a global picture of the phenomenon, no synthesis of the evidence produced during the pandemic has been documented to date. Therefore, the aim of this review is to identify differences, if any, in the UNC occurrence, reasons, and consequences perceived by nurses caring for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients.

METHODS

This study is a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42023410602). According to the Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes framework, primary comparative cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cohort studies, randomised/non-randomised controlled trials were included from Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus, collecting perceptions of nurses with tools measuring UNC between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients and published in English, Italian, or Turkish. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline and Johanna Briggs Quality Appraisal Tool were used, and findings were summarised narratively.

RESULTS

Five hospital-based cross-sectional studies using the self-administered MISSCARE and UNC Survey comparing data collected (a) before the pandemic vs. in the first wave; (b) before, in the second and in the third wave; and (c) simultaneously among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in the second wave. Three main patterns emerged suggesting a higher UNC occurrence among COVID-19 patients in the first wave, less occurrence among them compared to non-COVID-19 patients in the second wave, and contrasting findings with some in favour and others in contrast to COVID-19 patients. Similar patterns emerged regarding UNC reasons while no studies investigated the UNC consequences.

CONCLUSIONS

In the first wave, COVID-19 patients were likely to be at increased risk of UNC, while in later waves non-COVID-19 patients were at increased risk of UNC. Reasons also were different across waves. Findings documented during the COVID-19 pandemic may help to prevent UNC in future disasters.

Exploring unfinished nursing care among nursing students: a discussion paper

BACKGROUND

In line with the impetus traceable among the nursing staff, studies regarding the perception of Unfinished Care among students have increased in recent years as also recommended by some policy documents in the consideration that, as future members of the staff, they are expected to raise concerns about failures in the standards of care. However, no discussion of their methodological requirements has been provided to date. The aim of this study is to debate Unfinished Care explorations among nursing students and developing recommendations.

METHODS

A Rapid Review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, followed by a scientific discussion based on empirical evidence that emerged from the review combined with expert knowledge. Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Scopus databases were searched up to May 2022.

RESULTS

In the last five years, seven studies have been conducted by researchers affiliated at the university level, involving from 18 to 737 undergraduate students across Europe. By critically analysing their key aspects, there are derived some recommendations in conducting investigations in this field as, (a) the hidden meaning of Unfinished Care investigations among students by also deciding which concept is mostly appropriate to investigate; (b) the need of establishing alliances with the clinical settings in order to involve them in such explorations; (c) more complex research methods capable of exploring this issue among students by promoting learning outcomes and not only a simple data collection; and (e) the influences of these explorations on students' wellbeing, as well as on ethical implications and that regarding the relationship between the healthcare services and the universities.

CONCLUSION

Policymakers consider students to be key informants of the quality of nursing care issues witnessed during their clinical placements. The related emerging line of research is intriguing because of the underlying methodological, ethical and system complexities that need to be addressed according to some considerations.

A content validity, reliability and quality analysis of peripheral intravenous catheterization videos on YouTube™

BACKGROUND

YouTube™ has become a potential way to integrate technology into nursing curriculum and acquire skills. However, it is important to review the accuracy of the information contained in YouTube™. This study was conducted to evaluate the content validity, reliability and quality of YouTube™ videos on peripheral intravenous catheterization.

METHODS

In this descriptive study, videos were searched using the keyword 'Peripheral Venous Catheter'. The content validity, reliability and quality of the videos were evaluated using the 'Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization Insertion Skill Form', 'DISCERN Questionnaire', 'Global Quality Scale', respectively. These videos were categorized by their theme, upload source, technical features and analysed statistically.

RESULTS

Of the 48 videos, 38 (79.2%) classified as an useful video, 24 (50%) were uploaded by medical educational platforms and 28 (58.3%) had an average technical feature. There was a statistically significant difference between the reliability, quality, content validity scores by the video theme (p < 0.05). The content validity, reliability and quality score of useful videos were higher than misleading videos. In addition, pairwise comparisons indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the content validity, reliability and quality scores of Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization demonstrated on a person or a mannequin were higher than those applied with ultrasonography (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

As a result of the reviewing of the videos, it was determined that these videos provided useful content. Despite this positive result, some videos provide risky information for patient safety due to issues such as ignoring the asepsis principles and not including proper Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization steps. It may be recommended to consider the Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization steps and patient safety principles in international guidelines in the preparation of videos showing the Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization insertion.

How to identify patients who would benefit from delayed-matured oocytes insemination: a sibling oocyte and ploidy outcome study

STUDY QUESTION

Which patients might benefit from insemination of delayed-matured oocytes?

SUMMARY ANSWER

Delayed-matured oocytes had a ≥50% contribution to the available cohort of biopsied blastocysts in patients with advanced maternal age, low maturation, and/or low fertilization rates.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

Retrieved immature oocytes that progress to the MII stage in vitro could increase the number of embryos available during ICSI cycles. However, these delayed-matured oocytes are associated with lower fertilization rates and compromised embryo quality. Data on the ploidy of these embryos are controversial, but studies failed to compare euploidy rates of embryos derived from delayed-matured oocytes to patients' own immediate mature sibling oocytes. This strategy efficiently allows to identify the patient population that would benefit from this approach.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION

This observational study was performed between January 2019 and June 2021 including a total of 5449 cumulus oocytes complexes from 469 ovarian stimulation cycles, from which 3455 inseminated matured oocytes from ICSI (n = 2911) and IVF (n = 544) were considered as the sibling controls (MII-D0) to the delayed-matured oocytes (MII-D1) (n = 910). Euploidy rates were assessed between delayed-matured (MII-D1) and mature sibling oocytes (MII-D0) in relation to patients' clinical characteristics such as BMI, AMH, age, sperm origin, and the laboratory outcomes, maturation, fertilization, and blastocyst utilization rates.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS

A total of 390 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI, who had at least one metaphase I (MI) or germinal-vesicle (GV) oocyte on the day of oocyte collection (Day 0), which matured in 20-28 h after denudation were included. MI and GV oocytes that matured overnight were inseminated on the following day (Day 1, MII-D1) by ICSI. Only cycles planned for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy using fresh own oocytes were included.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

Fertilization (FR) and blastocyst utilization rates were significantly higher for MII-D0 compared to delayed-matured oocytes (MII-D1) (69.5% versus 55.9%, P < 0.001; and 59.5% versus 18.5%, P < 0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed in the rate of euploid embryos between MII-D0 and MII-D1 (46.3% versus 39.0%, P = 0.163). For evaluation of the benefit of inseminating MI/GV oocytes on D1 per cycle in relation to the total number of biopsied embryos, cycles were split into three groups based on the proportion of MII-D1 embryos that were biopsied in that cycle (0%, 1-50%, and ≥50%). The results demonstrate that patients who had ≥50% contribution of delayed-matured oocytes to the available cohort of biopsied embryos were those of advanced maternal age (mean age 37.7 years), <10 oocytes retrieved presenting <34% maturation rate, and <60% fertilization rate. Every MII oocyte injected next day significantly increased the chances of obtaining a euploid embryo [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, CI: 1.50-2.24, P < 0.001] among MII-D1. The odds of enhanced euploidy were slightly higher among the MII-D1-GV matured group (OR = 1.78, CI: 1.42-2.22, P < 0.001) than the MII-D1-MI matured group (OR = 1.54, CI: 1.25-1.89, P < 0.001). Inseminating at least eight MII-D1 would have >50% probability of getting a euploid embryo among the MII-D1 group.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION

ICSI of MII-D1 was performed with the fresh or frozen ejaculates or testicular samples from the previous day. The exact timing of polar body extrusion of delayed-matured MI/GV was not identified. Furthermore, the time point of the final oocyte maturation to MII for the immature oocytes and for the oocytes inseminated by IVF could not be identified.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS

The results of this study might provide guidance to the IVF laboratories for targeting the patient's population who would benefit from MII-D1 ICSI without adhering to unnecessary costs and workload.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)

No external funding was received for this study. There are no conflicts of interest to be declared for any of the authors. There are no patents, products in development, or marketed products to declare.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

N/A.

Sibling oocytes cultured in a time-lapse versus benchtop incubator: how time-lapse incubators improve blastocyst development and euploid rate

The aim was to study whether a limited exposure of embryos outside the incubator has an effect on embryo development, blastocyst quality and euploid outcomes. This retrospective study was performed at ART Fertility Clinics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) between March 2018 and April 2020 and included 796 mature sibling oocytes that were split randomly between two incubators after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): an EmbryoScope™ (ES) incubator and a benchtop incubator, G185 K-SYSTEMS (KS). The fertilization, cleavage, embryo/blastocyst qualities, useable blastocyst and euploid rates were assessed to evaluate the incubator performance. In total, 503 (63.2%) mature oocytes were cultured in the EmbryoScope and 293 (36.8%) in the K-SYSTEMS. No differences were observed in fertilization rate (79.3% vs 78.8%, P = 0.932), cleavage rate (98.5% vs 99.1%, P = 0.676) and embryo quality on Day 3 (P = 0.543) between both incubators, respectively. Embryos cultured in the EmbryoScope, had a significantly higher chance of being biopsied (64.8% vs 49.6%, P < 0.001). Moreover, a significantly higher blastocyst biopsy rate was observed on Day 5 in the EmbryoScope (67.8% vs 57.0%, P = 0.037), with a highly significant increased euploid rate (63.5% vs 37.4%, P = 0.001) and improved blastocyst quality (P = 0.008). We found that exposure of embryos outside the incubator may negatively affect the in vitro blastocyst development and euploid rate on Day 5.

Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) and age as predictors of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) cycle outcomes and blastocyst quality on day 5 in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)

PURPOSE

The objective of this study was to investigate whether women with diminished ovarian reserve who planned for PGT-A exhibit a lower number of blastocysts for biopsy, ploidy outcomes, and blastocyst quality on day 5, regardless of age.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed between March 2017 and July 2020 at ART Fertility Clinics Abu Dhabi, including couples that were triggered for final oocyte maturation in an ovarian stimulated cycle planned for PGT-A. Patients were stratified into four AMH groups: < 0.65 ng/ml, 0.65-1.29 ng/ml, 1.3-6.25 ng/ml, and > 6.25 ng/ml; four age categories: ≤ 30, 31-35, 36-40, and > 40 years.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

A total of 1410 couples with a mean maternal age of 35.2 ± 6.4 years and AMH of 2.7 ± 2.6 ng/ml were included. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, the chance of having at least one blastocyst biopsied/stimulated cycle (1156/1410), the chance of having at least one euploid blastocyst/stimulated cycle (880/1410), and the chance of having one euploid blastocyst once biopsy was performed (880/1156) were affected in all patients with AMH < 0.65 ng/ml [AdjOR 0.18[0.11-0.31] p = 0.008)], [AdjOR 0.18 [0.11-0.29] p < 0.001], and [AdjOR 0.34 [0.19-0.61] p = 0.015] as well as in patients with AMH 0.65-1.29 ng/ml (AdjOR 0.52 [0.32-0.84] p < 0.001), (AdjOR 0.49 [0.33-0.72] p < 0.001), and (AdjOR 0.57 [0.36-0.90] p < 0.001), respectively. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, AMH values did not affect blastocyst quality (- 0.72 [- 1.03 to - 0.41] p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Irrespective of age, patients with diminished ovarian reserve (AMH < 1.3 ng/ml) have a lower chance of having at least one blastocyst biopsied and lower chance of having at least one euploid blastocyst per ovarian stimulated cycle. Blastocyst quality was not affected by AMH values.

[Measuring missed nursing care during the Covid-19 pandemic: methodological reflections]

. Measuring missed nursing care during the Covid-19 pandemic: methodological reflections. Missed care phenomenon has demonstrated an increasingly interest of the researchers over the years. Even during the pandemic period, many studies have been published with the aim of describing missed care during this healthcare emergency. The comparative studies (Covid-19 versus non-Covid-19) were innovative; however, no important differences have emerged. On the other hand, many studies have been published with a descriptive intent, also in this case without highlighting substantial differences as compared to the pre-pandemic period. These findings bring out a series of methodological reflections, which should be considered to advance research in this field.

Nurse manager intentional rounding and outcomes: Findings of a systematic review

AIM

To summarize the evidence available on Nurse Manager Intentional Rounding (NMIR) describing the main characteristics and methodological quality of studies available, the features of rounding and the outcomes as measured to date.

DESIGN

A systematic review.

DATA SOURCES

Electronic databases, including MEDLINE-EBSCHOST, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, Clinicalkey, ScienceDirect, OVID, Sage Journals and Web of Science, were searched up to June 2021.

REVIEW METHODS

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guideline was used to summarize methods and report findings. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to evaluate the methodology quality of the studies included.

RESULTS

Seven studies were included with pre-post-test (n = 3), longitudinal, two-group post-tests, quasi-experimental, and retrospective study designs (n = 1, respectively). In five studies, the nurse managers were trained to conduct the rounding, which was shaped according to three main features: a structured (n = 4), a semi-structured (n = 1) and an unstructured rounding (n = 2) delivered from high (twice a day 7/7) to low intensity (once a day, 5/7). Two main outcomes have been measured to date, the patient satisfaction and some aspects related to the care quality. Five studies reported that the satisfaction scores of patients who received rounding were significantly higher than that perceived by patients not receiving rounding. About the other aspects of the quality of care, two studies documented significant improvements as a consequence of the NMIR (e.g. information accessibility, discharge instructions, coordination of care after discharge).

CONCLUSION

Studies available report in general a low methodological quality, mainly due to their pragmatic nature as quality improvement projects. Therefore, transforming this field of research by establishing a methodological rigour and a theoretical foundation in both interventions and outcomes and by designing experimental approaches, might expand the evidence available on the effects of nurse managers intentional rounding.

Clinical and laboratory parameters associated with pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing frozen euploid blastocyst transfer

RESEARCH QUESTION

Which factors impact on clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rates (LBR) in euploid frozen embryo transfer (eFET) cycles?

DESIGN

Retrospective observational study including 1660 eFET cycles with 2439 euploid blastocysts, from November 2016 to December 2020. The impact of clinical and laboratory parameters on CPR, biochemical miscarriage rate (BMR), clinical miscarriage rate (CMR) and LBR was evaluated.

RESULTS

CPR per transfer was 63.4%, LBR per transfer 51.6%. CPR and LBR were significantly higher when double embryo transfer (DET) was performed (71.6% versus 57.7%, P < 0.001; 55.2% versus 49.1%, P = 0.016, respectively). However, pregnancy loss was significantly higher in the DET group (28.8% versus 22.8%, P = 0.02). When patients were classified by body mass index (BMI), no differences were observed for CPR, but CMR was lower (P < 0.001) and LBR higher (p = 0.031) for the normal BMI group. The natural cycle protocol revealed lower CMR (P < 0.001) and lower pregnancy loss (P < 0.001); subsequently, higher LBR (57.6%, 48.8%, 45.0%, P = 0.001) compared with hormonal replacement protocol and stimulated cycle. Day of trophectoderm biopsy affected CPR (P < 0.001) and LBR (P < 0.001), yet no differences were observed for BMR, CMR or pregnancy loss. The multivariate analysis showed that day 6/7 embryos had lower probabilities for pregnancy; overweight and obesity had a negative impact on LBR, and natural cycle improved LBR (adjusted odds ratio 1.445, 95% confidence interval 0.519-0.806).

CONCLUSIONS

Day of biopsy affected CPR, while BMI and endometrial preparation protocol were associated with LBR in eFET. DET should be discouraged as it will increase the risk of pregnancy loss. Women with higher BMI should be aware of the higher risk of pregnancy loss and lower LBR even though a euploid blastocyst is transferred.

P-649 Impact of systemic FSH levels on the embryo ploidy status in ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI

Study question

Does systemic serum FSH-level per mature oocyte (FSH/MII) on the day of final oocyte maturation affect the ploidy status of the embryo cohort?

Summary answer

Higher serum FSH/MII levels negatively affect the euploid rate of the embryo cohort.

What is known already

In ovarian stimulation cycles, follicular phase systemic FSH-levels have to be kept above a certain threshold to achieve and maintain multifollicular growth. This contrasts the natural pattern, where FSH-levels decline steadily in the later follicular phase as a result of the increasing estrogen level. Until now, it is unclear, whether this unphysiological pattern of the systemic FSH course has an influence on the ploidy status of the biopsied blastocysts.

Study design, size, duration

Retrospective study performed at a tertiary ART referral center, including 582 cycles between March 2017 and December 2020. All GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormone) antagonist stimulation cycles used only recombinant FSH as gonadotropin. Patients aged between 19 and 48. All embryos underwent Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A) by Next Generation Sequencing with trophectoderm biopsy. Patients with surgical sperm extraction or warmed oocytes were excluded.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Patients with primary or secondary infertility and an indication for ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI with PGT-A were included. Ovarian stimulation cycles were monitored according to clinical routine by ultrasound and repeated measurement of FSH, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and LH throughout the cycle. The FSH/MII ratio was calculated as the ratio of the systemic FSH-level on the day of trigger (DoT) to the total number of mature oocytes (MII) after denudation.

Main results and the role of chance

FSH-levels at DoT revealed a wide range of systemic levels, from 2.12 to 47 IU/L. Patients had a mean age (±SD) of 30.49±4.99 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27.58±5.14 kg/m2, Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) of 4.20±3.05 ng/ml and 17.54±8.63 oocytes were collected with the oocyte pick up procedure.

In the univariate analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between euploid rate and the FSH/MII ratio (β=-3.194, p &lt; 0.001). Other parameters found to be negatively correlated were age (β=-1.055, p &lt; 0.001), systemic FSH-level at DoT (β=-0.652, p &lt; 0.01), total stimulation dose (β=-0.477, p &lt; 0.01) and basal FSH-level (β=-1.605, p &lt; 0.05). Alternatively, basal antral follicle count (AFC; β = 0.416, p &lt; 0.05) and total follicle count at DoT (β = 0.507, p &lt; 0.01) were observed to have a positive significant correlation with the euploid rate.

After adjusting for potential confounders in a multivariate analysis, three parameters were still observed to be significantly correlated: FSH/MII ratio remained a negative factor for euploid rate (β=-2.753, p &lt; 0.01) besides the parameters age (β=-0.837, p &lt; 0.01) and E2 at DoT (β=-0.439, p &lt; 0.05).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The retrospective character of this study can be seen as a limitation as well as the fact that the results cannot be translated to patients using either only HMG, or a combination of recombinant FSH and HMG for ovarian stimulation.

Wider implications of the findings

Due to the fact that higher FSH/MII ratios are associated with a decreased euploid rate, FSH-level measurements should be introduced into ovarian stimulation monitoring, as the gonadotropin dosage might be adjusted according to the systemic FSH-levels. This represents a further step on the treatment individualization towards a more personalized medicine.

Trial registration number

not applicable

P-589 Natural endometrial preparation for single euploid frozen embryo transfer increases the likelihood of live birth in obese patients

Study question

Does a natural endometrial preparation for single euploid frozen embryo transfer increase the odds of live birth (LB) in obese patients?

Summary answer

Compared to an artificial approach, a natural endometrial preparation for single euploid frozen embryo transfer improves the odds of LB in obese patients.

What is known already

Several protocols to prepare the endometrium for frozen embryo transfer have been described with comparable clinical outcomes, and no individual protocol has been demonstrated to be superior. Likewise, no specific patient group has been defined that can substantially benefit from a natural endometrial preparation. Despite obesity being linked to adverse clinical outcomes, observational studies and clinical trials have traditionally included participants with normal weight when comparing protocols, resulting in obese patients being underrepresented in clinical research. Therefore, studies focusing on endometrial preparation protocols for frozen embryo transfer that include obese patients are required.

Study design, size, duration

This study involved the analysis of a retrospective dataset including 975 single euploid frozen embryo transfer cycles performed at two tertiary referral centers between March 2017 and November 2019. The primary outcome was LB after natural and artificial endometrial preparation. Participants were stratified according to the World Health Organization Body mass index (BMI) classification into three groups (G): G1: Normal-weight ≤24.9 (n = 390), G2: Overweight 25 to 29.9 (n = 332), and G3: Obese ≥30 (n = 253).

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Cycles included infertility patients attempting a single euploid frozen blastocyst transfer under natural (n = 324) or artificial (n = 651) endometrial preparation. PGT-A was performed after trophectoderm biopsy using Next-Generation Sequencing. Spontaneous LH rise confirmed ovulation for natural endometrial preparation, and embryo transfer occurred five days after initial progesterone elevation. Hormones were measured from blood samples. For artificial preparation, embryo transfer was performed after oral estradiol and 120-hour vaginal progesterone exposure. All participants received luteal phase support.

Main results and the role of chance

Within each BMI group, no statistically significant differences in age were observed in patients between a natural and artificial endometrial preparation: G1 (33.5±5.1 vs. 32.7±5.2 years; p = 0.13), G2 (34.5±4.9 vs. 33.9±5.8 years; p = 0.39), and G3 (35.6±4.9 vs. 34.3±5.6 years; p = 0.1). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed regarding implantation rates: G1 (60% vs 57.1%; p = 0.57), G2 (54.8% vs 55.7%; p = 0.88), and G3 (64.3% vs 51.4%; p = 0.07). LB rates remained constant across all BMI groups when a natural preparation was conducted: G1 [56.66% (n = 85/150)], G2 [49.03% (n = 51/104)], and G3 [58.57% (n = 41/70)]. We observed a decrease in LB rates in G3 when an artificial endometrial preparation was performed: G1 [47.5% (n = 114/240)], G2 [44.73% (n = 102/228)], and G3 [34.42% (n = 63/183)]. The positive impact of a natural preparation on LB rates was more significant in G3, showing a 24% difference of effect between the natural and artificial endometrial preparations. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the primary outcome (LB) when a natural endometrial preparation was conducted in G3 (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.53-4.74; p = 0.001), with no differences found in G1 (OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.96-2.18; p = 0.08) and G2 (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.75-1.89; p = 0.73).

Limitations, reasons for caution

This study could be subject to bias due to its retrospective nature. Sperm quality was not considered for the present study.

Wider implications of the findings

Obese women appear to be the patient group that can obtain benefit from a natural endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer by increasing the odds of LB. Future prospective studies should confirm this hypothesis. A natural approach might be unfeasible in a subgroup of obese patients due to anovulatory cycles.

Trial registration number

not applicable

P-377 Does C-Section history affect the live birth outcomes after IVF in case of frozen embryo transfers?

Study question

Do previous Caesarean section deliveries (CD) affect reproductive outcomes in case of frozen embryo transfers (FET), including live births (LB), after IVF or ICSI?

Summary answer

Previous CD does not impair LBR after IVF when cycle segmentation is performed and intracavitary fluid (ICF) is eliminated prior frozen embryo transfer.

What is known already

Successful implantation requires not only a receptive endometrium, but also the process of ‘apposition’ and ‘attachment’ of the embryo to the endometrial surface. This process could be severely disturbed by previous CD and data are contradictory regarding its impact on ART outcome. Former CD might not only increase the difficulty of the ET-procedure, but might also lead to the presence of ICF. Therefore, special attention has to be paid to exclude fluid accumulation during preparation for FET. When ICF is excluded, the reproductive outcomes of FET cycles appear to be uncompromised, regardless of the previous delivery mode.

Study design, size, duration

This single center retrospective cohort study included a total of 412 single/double euploid FET cycles between March 2017 and October 2019. Trophectoderm biopsy samples were subjected to Next Generation Sequencing to diagnose the ploidy state. Vitrification and warming were performed using the Cryotop method (Kitazato, Biopharma). No embryo transfer was performed when ICF was visible during the endometrial preparation for FET.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Patients with secondary infertility, having at least one euploid embryo after a previous IVF/ICSI-cycle with embryo vitrification, undergoing FET, were included. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), early pregnancy loss (EPL) and LBR were evaluated in patients after CD and after vaginal delivery (VD).

Main results and the role of chance

Patients in the CD group were significantly older than in the VD group (35.02±4.62 vs 34.11±5.03 years, respectively) (p = 0.028). FET was performed in a Natural cycle (NC) (n = 82, 46.86%) or in a Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) cycle (n = 93, 53.14%) in CD group versus NC (n = 77, 32.49%) or HRT cycle (n = 160, 67.51%) in VD group (p = 0.003).

Patient characteristics (AMH, BMI, duration of infertility, presence of intrauterine abnormalities, endometrial thickness, embryo quality, presence of blood on the transfer catheter and number of SETs/DETs) were similar between groups. Embryo transfer difficulty and the presence of mucus on the transfer catheter were significantly higher in CD group versus VD group (p = 0.040, p=0.004, respectively). Pregnancy outcomes CPR (61.71% vs 63.71%), EPL (12% vs 12%) and LBR (60% vs 60.34%) did not differ statistically between the CD and VD groups.

In the multivariate regression model with embryo-quality, cycle-regimen, ET-difficulty, presence of blood/mucus, age, AMH, number of transferred embryos, only embryo quality remained significantly associated with LBR in CD-group (p = 0.001). In VD-group, cycle regimen was also significant parameter besides embryo quality (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 respectively). When CD and VD groups are categorized in terms of cycle regimen, CP and LBR were similar (p = 0.828/p=0.618 in HRT; p = 0.826/p=0.150 in NC).

Limitations, reasons for caution

This study is limited to its retrospective design and the fact that no distinction existed between patients with one or several previous CDs. Furthermore, this analysis is limited to patients, for whom ICF was excluded prior to ET.

Wider implications of the findings

This study confirmed that in patients after CD, the chance for CP and LBR is not compromised, when ICF is excluded during the endometrial preparation for FET. The existence of C-section scar may increase the ET-difficulty and the presence of the mucus on the transfer catheter.

Trial registration number

NA

P-201 Identifying patients benefiting from delayed-matured oocytes insemination

Study question

Are there any predictive factors supporting the decision of inseminating delayed-matured oocytes?

Summary answer

Patients with ≤59% mature oocytes at retrieval and/or Anti-Mullerian-Hormone (AMH) &gt;2.52 ng/ml have increased chances of obtaining a euploid embryo from delayed-matured oocytes.

What is known already

Approximately 15% of oocytes retrieved after ovarian stimulation are immature, at metaphase I (MI) or germinal-vesicle (GV) stages at the time of oocyte denudation. Performing IVM in those oocytes could permit an increase on the number of usable embryos. Nevertheless, the utility of delayed-matured oocytes varies greatly among IVF laboratories with relatively low success rates, hence its practice in daily routine might be counter-productive. Determining which patient population could benefit from such strategy is valuable thereof to the clinical practice. Moreover, data comparing euploid rates of embryos derived from delayed-matured oocytes with its mature sibling oocytes are needed.

Study design, size, duration

This observational study was performed at ART Fertility Clinics, Abu Dhabi, UAE, between January 2019 and June 2021. A total of 5454 cumulus oocytes complexes (COC) were retrieved from 469 ovarian stimulation cycles. Out of the retrieved COCs, 3473 oocytes were immediate at metaphase II (MII-D0), and 915 were delayed-metaphase II oocytes (MII-D1).

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Patients with primary and secondary infertility undergoing Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in standardized protocols for IVF/ICSI treatment were included. Ovum pick up performed 34-36h post final oocyte maturation trigger shot (TS). Insemination was done 39-41h post TS for the MII-D0, while MII-D1 ICSI was performed 63-68h post TS. All cycles were planned for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A) at blastocyst stage using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).

Main results and the role of chance

Fertilization rates significantly differed between MII-D0 and MII-D1 oocytes (69.54% vs 55.96%, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Blastocyst utilization rates were significantly higher in MII-D0 group compared to MII-D1 group (59.47% vs 18.52%, p &lt; 0.001). However, no difference was observed in the rate of euploid blastocysts between MII-D0 and MII-D1 (46.3% vs 39.0%, p = 0.163).

As identified by univariant logistic regression analysis, the following parameters augmented the chances of obtaining at least 1 blastocyst for biopsy when MII-D1 were injected: AMH (OR 1.15, p &lt; 0.001), number of COCs collected (OR: 1.03, P = 0.005), maturation rate on day0 (OR: 0.19, P = 0.001).

When the multivariant analysis model was applied, AMH and maturation rate on day0 remained significant factors predicting the success of inseminating delayed-matured oocytes (OR:1.15, [CI:1.00-1.32], p = 0.045); OR:0.06, [CI:0.03-0.31], p &lt; 0.001, respectively), with cut off values of AMH &gt;2.52 ng/ml and maturity rate of ≤ 59%, being identified by ROC analysis.

Limitations, reasons for caution

ICSI of MII-D1 was performed with the fresh or frozen sperm samples from the previous day. Exact timing of polar body extrusion of delayed-matured MI/GV was not identified.

Wider implications of the findings

The results of this study might provide guidance to the IVF laboratories for targeting the patient population who would benefit from MII-D1 ICSI without adhering to unnecessary costs and workload.

Trial registration number

not applicable

P-628 Do ovarian reserve markers and female age predict the rate of euploid blastocysts in IVF/ICSI cycles?

Study question

Are female age and ovarian reserve markers (anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and Antral Follicle Count (AFC)), able to predict euploid blastocyst rate in IVF/ICSI cycles?

Summary answer

Female age, serum AMH, AFC and the number of mature oocytes collected during IVF/ICSI cycles significantly affect the rate of euploid blastocysts

What is known already

The age-associated decline in female reproduction has been clearly demonstrated, due to the reduction of the ovarian reserve and the increased risk of chromosomal abnormality occurring in the oocyte. Lately, it has been debated whether a reduced ovarian reserve, independently of age, could be associated with higher aneuploidy rate in embryos. Ovarian reserve can now be accurately measured by serum AMH levels and AFC, both markers with similar high reliability.

Study design, size, duration

This analysis includes data from 10556 blastocysts after preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Embryos were obtained from 2564 IVF/ICSI cycles of infertile couples, at ART Fertility Clinics UAE, from November 2016 to December 2020.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

10556 blastocysts with chromosomal information for ploidy were included, mosaic and non-informative embryos were excluded. Trophectoderm biopsy was performed on day 5, 6 or 7 blastocysts. Serum AMH concentrations were measured by Elecsys® AMH automated assay (Cobas 601 platform, Roche®) for all patients in a single laboratory. AFC (sum of small antral follicles in both ovaries) was evaluated with transvaginal 2D-sonography (Voluson E8, GE Healthcare). Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee (REFA023b).

Main results and the role of chance

Patients’ characteristics are described as mean ± SD (min-max): age: 34.72±6.13(18-50), years of infertility: 3.43±3.43(0-25), AMH: 2.52±2.70ng/mL(0.01-23.00), AFC: 11.57±7.86(0-61), body mass index (BMI): 28.57±4.83Kg/m2(14.34-44.96), Metaphase II (MII) inseminated oocytes: 10.11±6.53(1-50), 2PN embryos 7.32±5.12(1-42), blastocysts 4.12±3.21(1-26). Fertilization rate was 73.31%(±19.30), blastulation rate 61.05%(±25.69) and euploidy rate 39.42%(±35.24).

A significant negative Pearson correlation coefficient was found between age and euploidy rate (ρ=-0.5398, p &lt; 0.001). AMH, AFC and total of MII inseminated oocytes showed a significant positive Pearson correlation coefficient with euploid rate (AMH:ρ=0.2076, p &lt; 0.001; AFC: ρ = 0.2578, p &lt; 0.001; MII:ρ=0.2036, p &lt; 0.001). Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictability of the variables on euploid rate. As expected, age clearly had a negative impact (Coef=-3.10, Std. Err=0.10, p &lt; 0.0001). A positive effect was observed for AMH (Coef=2.75, Std. Err=0.31, p &lt; 0.0001), AFC (Coef=1.16, Std. Err=0.09, p &lt; 0.0001), number of MII inseminated oocytes (Coef=1.10, Std. Err=0.10, p &lt; 0.0001) and 2PN embryos (Coef=1.43, Std. Err=0.13, p &lt; 0.0001). For patients &gt;35 years old and AMH lower than 1.3 ng/mL, euploid rate was significantly lower compared with the patients &gt;35 years old and AMH equal or higher than 1.3 ng/mL (21.2% vs 25.5%, p = 0.0192).

Limitations, reasons for caution

Despite the large number of cycles and embryos included, the retrospective study design is a limitation.

Wider implications of the findings

Ovarian reserve is not only a quantitative, but also a qualitative biomarker of oocyte-embryo competence. Cumulative success rates for IVF/ICSI cycles are dependent on the availability of euploid blastocysts. Age and ovarian reserve markers should be combined for adequate counselling.

Trial registration number

Not applicable

O-255 Clinical and laboratory factors associated with pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing frozen euploid blastocyst transfer

Study question

Which variables do have an impact on the pregnancy and live birth rates (LBR) when euploid frozen embryo transfers (FET) are performed?

Summary answer

Day of trophectoderm biopsy, Body Mass Index (BMI) and endometrial preparation protocol have an impact on pregnancy rate (PR) and LBR in FET cycles.

What is known already

Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and morphological grading of embryos are the two main criteria to select a blastocyst from a pool of embryos, having the highest implantation potential. However, other clinical and laboratory variables might play a crucial role for a successful outcome when top quality euploid embryos are transferred in a FET cycle. It has been described that higher BMI increases the odds for miscarriage when compared with non-obese women.

Study design, size, duration

This analysis includes 1660 FET cycles with data from of pregnancy rates, miscarriage rate and LBR. Embryos were obtained from 2564 IVF/ICSI cycles of couples with primary or secondary infertility at ART Fertility Clinics UAE, from November 2016 to December 2020.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

A total of 1660 FET cycles with 2439 euploid blastocysts were included. FET cycles with mosaic or segmental aneuploid embryos were excluded. PGT-A was performed on trophectoderm cells, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Biopsy was performed on day 5, 6 or 7 blastocysts. Endometrial preparation included ovulatory natural cycles (NC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles, chosen according to physician’s discretion. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee (REFA023b).

Main results and the role of chance

Patients’ characteristics are described as mean±SD (min-max): age: 33.5±5.43(19-47), AMH: 3.30±3.05ng/mL(0.01-23.00), BMI: 27.1±4.87Kg/m2(13.1-43.90), mean number of blastocysts transferred: 1.4±0.49(1-3). Patients were categorized according to age (years) in 4 categories (&lt;30,n=404; 30-34,n=487; 35-40,n=595; &gt;40,n=174) and no association with pregnancy rate (PR, p = 0.856), biochemical miscarriage rate (BMR, p = 0.940), clinical miscarriage rate (CMR, p = 0.06) nor LBR (p = 0.154) was found. BMI (kg/m2) was divided into four groups according to World Health Organization: underweight (&lt;18.5;n=32), normal weight (18.5–24.9;n=555), overweight (25–29.9;n=622), and obese (≥30;n=426). Although no differences were seen for PR or BMR between groups (p = 0.507 and p = 0.343, respectively), CMR was significantly lower for normal BMI group (p &lt; 0.001) and LBR significantly higher when compared to the overweight and obese group (&lt;18.5kg/m2=68.42%; 18.5–24.9kg/m2=68.35%; 25–29.9kg/m2=60.14%; ≥30kg/m2=53.29%; p &lt; 0.001). No differences were observed on the outcomes when AMH was sub-divided as per Bologna Criteria (&lt;1.3ng/mL,n=327; ≥1.3ng/mL,n=1090). Regarding endometrial preparation, NC protocol showed significantly lower BMR and CMR (7.93% vs 12.27%,p=0.026; 8.44% vs 17.97%,p&lt;0.001), and higher LBR (70.33% vs 55.06%,p&lt;0.001) compared to HRT. Day of trophectoderm biopsy had a significant higher PR for day 5 (day 5=75.58% vs day 6=61.1% and day 7=23.81%, p &lt; 0.0001), yet no differences were observed for BMR, CMR nor LBR.

Limitations, reasons for caution

Although the large number of FET included, performed in the same centre with same methodology, the retrospective study design is a limitation. We could not discard other hypothetical variables contributing to miscarriage such as KIR-HLA discrepancies, or other obstetric factors affecting late miscarriage and live birth.

Wider implications of the findings

Evaluating the factors associated with pregnancy outcomes should be considered prior to euploid frozen embryo transfer for personalized treatment approach and adequate blastocyst selection. Women with higher BMI should be aware of higher risk of miscarriage and lower LBR although an euploid blastocyst is transferred.

Trial registration number

not applicable

P-379 Ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) of day (D) 7 euploid blastocysts is inferior to D5/D6 euploid blastocysts in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles

Study question

Do delayed-grown D7 euploid blastocysts have similar OPRs as D5 or D6 euploid blastocysts in FET cycles?

Summary answer

Although OPR is significantly higher with D5/D6 euploid blastocysts than D7, patients aged &gt;38 years might benefit when slow-developing blastocysts are routinely cultured till D7.

What is known already

Current IVF practice suggests that embryos of optimal development reach blastocyst stage 116±2 hours after insemination. Recently, high reproductive potential has been reported with D6 as well as with D7 blastocysts. Although D7 blastocysts have a delayed embryo development, euploidy rates range between 25% and 49% if biopsy is performed. Usable D7 blastocysts represent nearly 5% of embryos in IVF with acceptable pregnancy and live birth rates, however, data are still limited. Therefore, further evidence of FET outcomes with D5, D6 and D7 euploid blastocysts are needed to investigate whether prolonged in-vitro embryo culture till D7 should be performed routinely.

Study design, size, duration

A single centre observational study was performed between June 2017 and November 2021, including 1396 single euploid FET cycles with blastocysts biopsied on D5 (N = 795), D6 (N = 572) or D7 (N = 29). Patients underwent endometrial preparation for a FET in a natural cycle (NC) or hormone replacement treatment (HRT). Only blastocysts graded ≥ BL3CC (Gardner scoring) before trophectoderm (TE) biopsy on D5, D6 or D7, which re-expanded within 1-hour post-warming, were considered in the analysis.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

All warmed blastocysts were transferred after 120 hours of progesterone (P4) exposure. In NC, P4 was administered after ovulation until pregnancy test (PT). For HRT cycles, estradiol was prescribed until endometrial thickness reached ≥6 mm or a trilaminar pattern was seen on which P4 was supplemented until PT. OPR was recorded at 12 weeks by the presence of a gestational sac/s and fetal heartbeat. A multivariate logistic regression model with generalized estimating equation was performed.

Main results and the role of chance

Women’s mean age differed significantly for FET cycles performed with D5, D6 and D7 euploid blastocysts (33.2±5.6, 34.5±5.3 and 36.1±4.5 years old; P &lt; 0.001) as well as AMH values (ng/mL) (3.6±3.6, 2.9±2.8 and 2.3±1.8; P &lt; 0.001; respectively). OPR with D5 euploid blastocysts was significantly higher than D6 and D7 (55.6%, 44.9% and 10.3%; P &lt; 0.001), however, miscarriage rates did not differ (9.3%, 6.6% and 6.9%; P = 0.201; respectively). Following an adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, the factors associated with a reduced OPR were: D7 FETs (OR: 0.19 [0.06-0.63]; P = 0.006), ICM grade C (OR: 0.29 [0.17-0.48]; P &lt; 0.001) and TE grade C (OR: 0.58 [0.38-0.89]; P = 0.012). Contrary, OPR outcomes were increased in NC compared to HRT cycles (OR: 1.35 [1.06-1.71]; P = 0.013). A sub-analysis showed that advanced maternal age was a risk factor of having a D7 FET cycle (OR: 1.09 [1.01-1.17]; P = 0.025). In patients &gt;38 years, OPR was improved if D7 FET cycles were performed however, this finding was nonsignificant (OR: 2.33 [0.19-29.4], P = 0.510). In patients &lt;38 years, D7 FET cycles were significantly negatively associated with OPR outcomes (OR: 0.07 [0.01-0.54], P = 0.011). Regardless of patient’s age, OPR outcomes with D5/D6 were higher than D7 FETs.

Limitations, reasons for caution

The current results are based on an observational study including a limited sample size of D7 euploid blastocysts FET cycles. Additionally, live birth rates should be considered in a further analysis to validate the performance of D5 and D6, compared to D7 euploid blastocysts, in both, NC and HRT cycles.

Wider implications of the findings

Considering age as a risk factor of having delayed grown blastocysts in-vitro, culturing embryos till D7 can be a strategy to increase OPR in patients &gt;38 years old. With an increase in age, patients are more likely to have blastocysts biopsied on D6/D7. OPR outcomes are increased in NC FETs.

Trial registration number

non-clinical trials

P-537 PRIMARY SEX RATIO IS DECREASED IN EUPLOID EMBRYOS OF CONSANGUINE COUPLES AFTER IVF/ICSI WITH PGT-A

Study question

What is the primary sex ratio outcome of embryos from consanguine couples as per PGT-A analysis during IVF/ICSI treatments?

Summary answer

The primary sex ratio (PSR) (males-to-females) is decreased in euploid blastocysts from consanguine couples.

What is known already

In the general population, the sex ratio (males-to-females) tends to be 1:1 (approximately 101 males to 100 females). In epidemiological studies secondary sex-ratio (ratio at the time of birth) of inbred-offspring seems to be equilibrated. However, it is well known that there is an increased incidence of autosomal recessive diseases for the offspring, compared to non-consanguineous couples. Studies have found elevated autosomal inheritances as compared to sex-linked inheritance. Assessing the impact of consanguinity on developed embryos might contribute to the understanding of the events leading to genetic diseases.

Study design, size, duration

This analysis includes data from 5135 blastocysts after preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) with NGS. Embryos were obtained from 1836 IVF/ICSI cycles of infertile couples, at ART Fertility Clinics UAE, from November 2016 to December 2020. Consanguinity was defined when couple were first-degree or second-degree cousins.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

A total of 1138 blastocysts from consanguine couples, and 3997 from non-consanguine couples were included in the analysis. All blastocysts presented normal sexual chromosome constitution with or without autosomal aneuploidies. Mosaic and non-informative embryos were excluded. Trophectoderm biopsy was performed on day 5 for PGT-A using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform. Primary sex ratio (PSR) was observed for CG and NCG couples. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee (REFA023b).

Main results and the role of chance

In consanguine couples the age of female and male partner was 30.7±5.5 and 35.9 ±5.3 years old, respectively; while non consanguine couples were older (32.2±5.8 and 37.6±7.3 years old, respectively) (p &lt; 0.001).

Expanded blastocysts deriving from consanguine couples had 52.3% of XX versus 47.7% of XY constitution of their trophectoderm biopsied cells, presenting thus a significant decrease in primary sex ratio (PSR: 0.91, p = 0.03). In non-consanguine couples, about 51.2% of trophectoderm biopsied cells had a XX constitution compared to 48.8% of XY constitution, presenting a PSR of 0.95 (NS).

The significant decreased PSR in consanguine couples was only related to normal euploid embryos and not to abnormal embryos (PSR of abnormal embryos = 0.98; NS). Euploid embryos from couples presenting consanguinity generated 53.4% of blastocysts of XX constitution versus 46.6% of XY constitution with a PSR at 0.87 (p = 0.01).

Euploid embryos from non-consanguine couples presented a PSR at 0.96 (p=NS) (50.9% blastocysts of XX constitution versus 49.1% with XY constitution).

Limitations, reasons for caution

Differences in PSR between consanguine and non-consanguine couples did not reach significance level, justified by the lower number of embryos derived from consanguinity compared to non-consanguinity couples. Moreover 85% of the population included derives from Arabian Peninsula, therefore these results should not be transposed to other consanguine populations.

Wider implications of the findings

It is known that consanguine couples derive embryos with increased abnormalities in comparison to the general population. The fact that euploid embryos from consanguine couples seems to present a higher female constitution might incite us to investigate to what extent does heterozygosity for x-linked loci contribute to embryo survival.

Trial registration number

not applicable

P-137 ICM and TE quality significantly impact the live birth in euploid frozen blastocyst transfer cycles

Study question

Is the live birth rate (LBR) in euploid frozen blastocyst transfer (FET) affected by the quality of ICM (Inner cell mass) and TE (Trophectoderm)?

Summary answer

ICM and TE significantly impacts the LBR with a decline of LB from 57.3% (ICM-A) to 48.5% (ICM-B) to 22.1% (ICM-C) (p &lt; 0.001)

What is known already

The morphological blastocyst grading system proposed by Gardner-Schoolcraft remains the most accepted system to identify blastocysts with higher implantation potential. It relies on morphological features within the blastocyst, including ICM and TE. Several studies tried to identify the individual contribution of each. However, the conclusions remain contradictory and no clear consensus has yet been achieved. Due to heterogeneity of parameters evaluated between different publications, where embryos with unknown ploidy status were transferred in conjunction with a variability of stimulation protocols and in the number of transferred embryos, the real effect of the ICM and TE is difficult to infer.

Study design, size, duration

This two-center retrospective observational study includes a total of 977 euploid single FET cycles between March 2017 and March 2020 at ART Fertility Clinics Muscat, Oman and Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Trophectoderm biopsies were analyzed with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). All blastocysts available on D5 or D6 with a quality ≥ BL3CC were subjected to TE biopsy for PGT-A analysis and LBR was recorded. Vitrification/warming of blastocysts was performed using Cryotop method (Kitazato). Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed between LB outcomes and ICM and TE grade while controlling for confounding factors.

Main results and the role of chance

A total of 977 single FET cycles were analyzed: 651 in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and 326 in natural cycle regimen (NC) resulting in a 46.88% LBR. The mean patients’ age was 33.80 years with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 26.80 kg/m2. Though all qualities of ICM and TE were associated with LB, blastocyst ICM-A LBR was statistically significantly higher (57.3%) than ICM-B (48.4%) and ICM-C (22.1%) (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, blastocyst TE-A LBR was statistically significantly higher (59.2%) than TE- B (48.6%) and TE- C (30.3%) (p &lt; 0.001). Miscarriage rate was similar in all groups.

The grade of ICM and TE were significantly associated with Anti-Mullerian-Hormone (AMH) and day of blastocyst biopsy. Mean AMH (ng/ml) was higher in ICM groups (A: 3.78, B: 3.24, p &lt; 0.001) and TE group (A: 3.63, B: 3.38, p &lt; 0.05) compared to lower grade (ICM-C: 2.86, TE-C: 2.82).

In multivariate analysis, endometrial preparation for FET, BMI and AMH were the parameters influencing LBR: OR:1.45, [CI:1.07-1.96], p &lt; 0.015) for NC; OR 0.96 [CI:0.93-0.99], p = 0.004 for BMI; OR 0.95 [CI:0.90-1.00], p = 0.033 for AMH; Both, ICM-C and TE-C, resulted in a significantly lower chance of LB [ICM: OR 0.32, CI:0.17-0.61, p &lt; 0.001; TE: OR 0.44, CI:0.27-0.73, p = 0.002), compared to grade A.

Limitations, reasons for caution

The retrospective nature of the study and inter-observer variability in blastocyst scoring is a limitation. The physician/embryologist performing the embryo transfer could not been standardized due to the multicenter design. Randomized controlled studies are needed to determine whether ICM or TE should be prioritized in the selection of the blastocyst.

Wider implications of the findings

The ICM and TE scoring in FET may influence the LBR and should be considered as an important factor for the success of embryo transfer cycles. Whether these results can be extrapolated to fresh embryo transfer and to blastocysts with unknown ploidy status, needs further investigation.

Trial registration number

not applicable

FINANCIAL COMPETENCIES AS INVESTIGATED IN THE NURSING FIELD: FINDINGS OF A SCOPING REVIEW

AIM

Mapping the extent of the research activity in the field of financial competencies and nursing, identifying main patterns, advances, gaps, and evidence produced to date.

BACKGROUND

Financial competencies are important indicators of professionalism and may influence the quality of care in nursing; moreover, these competencies are the basis of healthcare sustainability. Despite their relevance, studies available on financial competencies in the nursing field have not been mapped to date.

EVALUATION

A Scoping Review was guided according to (a) the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review, and (b) the Patterns, Advances, Gaps and Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework.

KEY ISSUE

A total of 21 studies were included. Main research patterns have been developing/evaluating the effectiveness of education programmes; investigating the nurse's role in context of financial management; challenges and needs perceived by them; and tool validation to assess these competencies. The most frequently concept used across studies was "financial management competencies" (n=19).

CONCLUSION

The sparse production of studies across countries suggests that there is a need to invest in this research field.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

Nurses with managerial roles should invest in their financial competencies by requiring formal training both at the academic and at the continuing education levels. They should also promote educational initiatives for clinical nurses, to increase their capacity to contribute, understand, and manage the emerging financial issues.

The Relationship Between Adaptation to Disease and Self-care Agency Levels in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The patients with MS have some difficulties in physical, social, and psychological functions. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the adaptation levels of patients with MS to the disease and their self-care agency levels. METHODS: This study used a descriptive design and was carried out in a university hospital's neurology clinic and outpatient clinic between July 2019 and March 2020. The sample size was determined as 258 using the known universe sampling method. Data were collected using the "Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale," the "Self-Care Agency Scale," and a "Patient Identification Form." Spearmen correlation analysis was used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients participating in the study was 41.36 (0.74) years, 74% of them had MS for more than 3 years, 58% had their last attack more than a year ago, and 27% had balance problems. The adaptation levels of patients to the disease (76.79 [0.57]) and their self-care agency (88.42 [1.34]) were slightly higher than the moderate level. A moderate-level, significant, and positive correlation was found between the adaptation level of the patients to the chronic illness and their self-care agency levels (r = 0.310, P = .000). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there was a moderate-level, significant, and positive correlation between the patients' level of adaptation to MS disease and the level of their self-care agency. We recommend the provision of supportive professional training to patients with MS on their disease.

Nursing students' perceptions of nursing diagnoses, critical thinking motivations, and problem-solving skills during distance learning: A multicentral study

PURPOSE

To determine the relationship between attitude towards nursing diagnosis, critical thinking motivation, and problem-solving skills of nursing students during distance learning.

METHOD

The descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 450 first-year nursing students from four universities. The "Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale," "Critical Thinking Motivational Scale," and "Problem Solving Inventory" were used for data collection in June-July 2021.

FINDINGS

The students' mean score of nursing diagnosis perception was 114.90 ± 18.47, the score for expectancy main subdimension of critical thinking motivation was 4.17 ± 1.16 and the score for value main subdimension was 4.81 ± 1.12, and score for problem-solving skills was 90.65 ± 19.03. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between nursing diagnosis perception and subdimension of critical thinking motivation scores (p < 0.001) and problem-solving skills score (p < 0.001). The linear regression model established to examine the effect of other scales on nursing diagnosis perception was found to be statistically significant (F = 17.516, p < 0.001). As the expectancy score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score increases 3.452 times (p = 0.001), the cost score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score increases by 3.894 (p = 0.001), and the problemsolving skills score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score decreases by 0.246 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

To conclude that nursing diagnosis perception, critical thinking motivation, and problem-solving skills of nursing students were high and have a relationship with each other during distance education. As nursing diagnosis perception scores of students increase, their critical thinking motivation and problem-solving skills also increase.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

The high skills of critical thinking and problem solving have an important place effectively to identify the nursing diagnosis more quickly and easily in the nursing care process.

Effectiveness of erector spinae plane block in patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Background

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy operation is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of kidney stones.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on analgesic consumption in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Subjects and Methods

The data of 60 cases who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy operation between 01.01.2020 January and 12.01.2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Hemodynamic parameters, verbal analogue scale adjectives, total morphine consumption, additional analgesic and antiemetic need, duration of hospitalization, and patient satisfaction score were compared in patients who had ESPB and did not have block.

Results

Demographic data and hemodynamic parameters were similar between the two groups. Verbal rating scale values were lower for Group I at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h (P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction score was significantly higher in Group I over 24 h (P = 0.039). Total morphine consumption at postoperative 2^nd, 6^th, and 24^th h was less than that of Group II (P < 0.05). Analgesia consumption in postoperative 24 h of group I was less than that of Group II (P = 0.001). The amount of fentanyl given intraoperatively was significantly higher in Group II (P = 0.001). Nausea and vomiting rates were significantly lower for Group I (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Ultrasound-guided ESPB reduced postoperative morphine consumption and the rate of nausea and vomiting.

Youtube videos as an educational resource for ventrogluteal injection: A content, reliability and quality analysis

BACKGROUND

YouTube has become an important social media platform for teaching nursing skills. However, the content, reliability and quality levels of the videos on this platform are not adequately known.

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of YouTube videos on ventrogluteal injection application.

DESIGN

Descriptive.

SETTINGS

Online.

PARTICIPANTS

26 videos about ventrogluteal injection.

METHODS

Videos were searched using the keyword "ventrogluteal injection". The content of the 26 videos meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated using the "Ventrogluteal Intramuscular Injection Skill Form", the reliability with the "DISCERN Questionnaire", and the quality levels using the "Global Quality Scale". The videos were categorized by their theme, type and upload source, and analysed statistically.

RESULTS

Of the 26 videos meeting the inclusion criteria, 21 (80.8%) were classified as useful information, 5 (19.2%) as misleading information by theme, 22 (84.6%) as educational, 4 (15.4%) as hormone therapy by type, 5 (19.2%) as official institutions, 13 (50%) as individual by source of uploads. The content, reliability, quality score of useful videos were higher than misleading videos. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between reliability score and the source of video uploads. Pairwise comparisons indicated that there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the source of uploads of video and characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of the examined YouTube videos in the training of injection into the ventrogluteal site appears to have various risks in terms of ethics and patient safety. It may be suggested that the injection videos should be prepared by competent institutions/individuals, using best practice guides to increase the content, reliability and quality levels. It should particularly be borne in mind that videos on hormone therapy can be a public health threat.

P–584 Female parental consanguinity is associated with a reduced ovarian reserve: a large observational study including 2198 women from the Arabian Peninsula

Study question

Is parental consanguinity associated with reduced ovarian reserve in women from the Arabian Peninsula? Summary answer: Women descending from consanguineous unions have a reduced ovarian reserve compared with daughters of non-consanguine couples.

What is known already

Consanguineous marriage is defined as marriage between second-degree cousins or closer, with high prevalence in the Arabian Peninsula societies. An increased incidence of autosomal recessive diseases has been described in consanguineous marriages compared with non-consanguineous marriages. Despite the known adverse genetic impact of consanguinity, most available studies focus on the fertility of the consanguine couple. Only few publications, including low number of women, evaluated the impact of consanguinity on the fertility of their offspring, suggesting that daughters of consanguine parents might have reduced fertility associated to reduced ovarian reserve.

Study design, size, duration

A retrospective large-scale observational study was performed including 2482 women from the Arabian Peninsula who had their serum AMH and AFC measured as part of their fertility assessment at ART Fertility Clinics (UAE and Oman), from May 2015 to November 2019.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

2482 women from the Arabian Peninsula, aged 19–50 years, were assessed. Consanguinity was defined as women whose parents were first-degree or second-degree cousins. Ovarian reserve was evaluated by Antral Follicle Count (AFC) with transvaginal ultrasound and serum AMH, measured by Elecsys (Cobas, Roche®) for all participants. Women with adnexal surgery history or/and hormonal treatment within previous three months (n = 284) were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee (REFA040).

Main results and the role of chance

After excluding women with previous adnexal surgeries, 2198 women were included for analysis. A total of 605 participants (27.53%) were descendants from consanguineous unions and 1593 (72.47%) reported non-consanguineous kinship of their parents. AMH and AFC (mean±SD) for the consanguineous group were 2.62±2.88 ng/mL and 12.78±9.73 antral follicles, respectively; and AMH and AFC (mean±SD) for the non-consanguineous group were 2.65±2.91 ng/mL and 13.07±9.39 antral follicles, respectively. Women from the consanguinity group were significantly younger (mean±SD: 33.74±6.64 years old) compared with the non-consanguinity group (mean±SD: 34.78±6.64 years old, p &lt; 0.0001). Both groups were similar in BMI (mean±SD: 28.63±5.46 versus 28.41±5.60 kg/m2, p=ns), years of infertility (mean±SD: 3.80±3.68 vs 4.04±3.79, p=ns), type of infertility (primary/secondary), dress code (Hijab/Niqab) and smoking status. As expected, AMH and AFC exhibit an age-dependent decline. To evaluate the differences on ovarian reserve between both groups, a multivariate analysis was performed including age, consanguinity and AMH/AFC. Women from the consanguine group showed significantly lower levels of serum AMH (R2=0.264, p = 0.036) and AFC (R2=0.286, p = 0.003) compared with non-consanguineous women, and the highest differences were found for women below 35 years of age (AMH p = 0.035; AFC p = 0.001).

Limitations, reasons for caution

Despite the large number of women included, the retrospective study design is a limitation. Results have to be treated with caution before translating into other populations, as these data are obtained from women native to the Arabian Peninsula, with high sociocultural/religious/ethnical similarities, which might differ to other consanguine populations.

Wider implications of the findings: Female parental consanguinity is associated with reduced ovarian reserve in the studied population, that might contribute to infertility. Future studies should examine the genetic and epigenetic basis of the current findings. Comprehensive clinical evaluation should include extensive family history and subsequent counselling of the affected couples.

Trial registration number

Not applicable

P–677 Endometrial thickness, endometrial preparation protocol and number of euploid embryos transferred, significantly impact the live birth in frozen embryo transfer cycles

Study question

Is the live birth rate (LBR) in euploid frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles affected by the endometrial thickness (EMT)?

Summary answer

A significantly higher LBR was observed in patients with an endometrial thickness of at least 7.5mm (46.24% vs. 54.63%)

What is known already

Parameters assessing the endometrium prior planning a FET include endometrial thickness, pattern and blood flow. The impact of the endometrial thickness on ART outcomes is controversial, with conflicting results published. A recent meta-analysis evaluated whether EMT could predict pregnancy outcomes and suggested that lower EMT was associated with lower incidence of clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), implantation rate (IR) and LBR. Due to heterogeneity of parameters evaluated between different publications, where embryos with unknown ploidy status were transferred, in conjunction with variability of stimulation protocols and the number of embryos transferred, the real effect of the EMT was difficult to infer.

Study design, size, duration

This was a two-center retrospective observational study including a total of 1522 euploid FET cycles between March 2017 and March 2020 at ART Fertility Clinics Muscat, Oman and Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Trophectoderm biopsies were analyzed with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Vitrification/warming of blastocysts was performed using Cryotop method (Kitazato). EMT was measured by vaginal ultrasound prior initiating the progesterone administration (± 1 day) and LBR was recorded. Multivariate analysis was performed between LB outcomes and median EMT while controlling for confounding factors.

Main results and the role of chance

A total of 1522 FET cycles were analyzed: 975 single embryo transfer (SET) and 547 double embryo transfer (DET). The mean age of the patients was 33.38 years with a mean BMI of 27.1 kg/m2. FET were performed in EMT ranging from 3 to 15 mm and 50.52% resulted in a live birth. Though potentially all ranges of EMT were associated with LB, the median EMT in patients with LB was significantly higher than the median EMT of patients without LB (7.6mm vs. 7.4mm; p &lt; 0.001).

The dataset was stratified into two groups based on the median EMT (7.5mm): &lt; 7.5mm (n = 744 cycles) and ≥ 7.5mm (n = 778 cycles). A significantly higher live birth rate was observed in ≥ 7.5mm group (46.24% vs. 54.63%. p = 0.0012).

In multivariate analysis, EMT, FET endometrial preparation protocol, and number of embryos transferred were the main parameters influencing the chance to achieve LB: OR 1.10 [1.01–1.19], p &lt; 0.015 for the EMT; OR 1.84 [1.47–2.30], p &lt; 0.0001 for Natural Cycle protocol and OR 1.55 [1.25–1.93], p &lt; 0.0001 for DET. Intercept 0.18 [0.07–0.44] p &lt; 0.0002. Female age did not reach significance: OR 1.02 [1.00–1.04], p = 0.056.

Limitations, reasons for caution

Besides the retrospective nature of the study, the inter-observer variability in EMT assessment between different physicians is a limitation. The physician and embryologist performing the embryo transfer could not been standardized due to the multicenter design of the study.

Wider implications of the findings: The EMT in FET may influence the LBR and should be considered as an important factor for the success of embryo transfer cycles. Whether these results can be extrapolated to fresh embryo transfer and to blastocysts with unknown ploidy status, needs further investigation.

Trial registration number

Not applicable

P–698 Antimüllerian Hormone (AMH) value as a predictive marker of cycle ploidy outcome

Study question

Do woman with diminished ovarian reserve exhibit poor blastocyst formation and ploidy outcomes, irrespective of age?

Summary answer

Patients with extreme diminished ovarian reserve (AMH≤0.65ng/ml) have a lower chance to have at least one euploid blastocyst compared to their age-related reference population (AMH=1.3–6.25ng/ml).

What is known already

AMH is an established marker of the ovarian reserve for predicting ovarian response to ovarian stimulation and it is strongly correlated with female age.

However, it has been suggested that AMH is not only a quantitative, but also a qualitative biomarker of oocyte/embryo competence. Previous studies show conflicting outcomes as to whether reduced ovarian reserve per se is associated with decreased oocyte developmental competence, leading to increased aneuploidy rates in embryos independent of the patient’s age.

Study design, size, duration

A retrospective analysis was performed between March 2017 and July 2020 at ART Fertility Clinics (Abu Dhabi) including all couples that were triggered for final oocyte maturation and planned for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A). Patients were stratified into four age categories [≤30, 31–35, 36–40, &gt;40 years]. For each age category patients were further divided into three AMH groups: ≤0.65ng/ml, 0.65–1.3ng/ml and 1.31–6.25ng/ml (reference group).

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Trophectoderm biopsy samples were subjected to Next Generation Sequencing. AMH serum levels (ng/ml) were determined using the commercial fully automated Elecsys® (Roche) assay. Patients with a Progesterone rise of &gt; 1.5ng/ml on the day of final oocyte maturation and patients with AMH values &gt;6.25ng/ml were excluded from the analysis. Per patient that was triggered, the chance to have at least one euploid blastocyst in that cycle, was calculated.

Main results and the role of chance

A total of 1.300 couples were included with an mean maternal age of 35.6±6.2 years, AMH of 2.1 ±1.5ng/ml and body mass index of 27.5±5.0 kg/m2. The chance to have at least one blastocyst biopsied per cycle was affected in all patients with extreme low AMH (≤0.65ng/ml), irrespective of age; ≤30 years: 58.33%–100.00%–94.84% (p &lt; 0.001); 31–35 years: 50.00%–74.55%–95.32% (p &lt; 0.001); 36–40 years: 56.52%–81.93%–92.56% (p &lt; 0.001) and ≥40 years: 38.06%–73.02%–88.24% (p &lt; 0.001), for AMH ≤0.65ng/ml, 0.65–1.3ng/ml and 1.31–6.25ng/ml, respectively. In all age categories, patients with AMH values ≤0.65ng/ml had a significantly reduced probability of having a euploid blastocyst compared to the reference group (1.31–6.25ng/ml). For women ≤30 years the chances of getting a euploid blastocyst decreased from 88.89% (n = 252) to 41.67% (n = 12) (OR 0.01 [0.03–0.30], p &lt; 0.001), for 31–35 years from 88.09% (n = 235) to 43.75% (n = 32) (OR 0.10 [0.05–0.23], p &lt; 0.001), for 36–40 years from 77.67% (n = 215) to 21.74% (n = 69) (OR 0.08 [0.04–0.15], p &lt; 0.001) and among women &gt;40 years from 29.42% (n = 102) to 6.45% (n = 155) (OR 0.16 [0.08–0–36], p &lt; 0.001). Woman within AMH range of 0.65–1.3ng/ml presented the same decreased probability of having a euploid blastocyst only when 31–35 (52.73%, n = 55) or 36–40 years old (56.63%, n = 83) (OR 0.15 [0.08–0.29], p &lt; 0.001 and OR 0.37 [0.22–0.64], p &lt; 0.001, respectively).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The main limitation of this study is its retrospective design.

Wider implications of the findings: AMH is a clear biomarker of oocyte-embryo competence. Incorporation of AMH-specific counseling recommendations into clinical practice guidelines, could lead to a more informed guidance on cycle ploidy outcomes, rather than age alone.

Trial registration number

Not applicable

P–360 Blastocyst biopsy day does have an impact on clinical pregnancies in different frozen embryo transfer (FET) regimens: natural cycle (NC) versus hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Study question

Do euploid blastocysts biopsied on day (D) 5 or D6 differ in clinical pregnancy rates when single FET are performed in NC or HRT cycles?

Summary answer

In single FET cycles, euploid D5 blastocysts have higher clinical pregnancy rates than D6 in NC, while outcomes are comparable in HRT cycles. What is known already: The synchronization between the endometrium and the embryo development is fundamental for a successful implantation. When performing FET with euploid blastocysts biopsied on D5 or D6, higher clinical pregnancy rates have been reported with D5 blastocysts, however contradictory findings were described due to the study design heterogeneity and endometrial preparation (EP) protocol variabilities. In FET cycles, no consensus has been defined of the superiority of NC over HRT cycles when euploid blastocysts are transferred. Consequently, the question remains unanswered if the clinical pregnancy rates of single euploid FET with D5 or D6 blastocysts differ when the EP protocol remains constant.

Study design, size, duration

A single center observational study was performed between June 2017 and November 2020, including 1027 single euploid FET with blastocysts biopsied on D5 or D6. All patients with primary or secondary infertility who underwent a FET in a NC or HRT EP protocol, with blastocysts graded ≥ BL3CC (Gardner scoring system) prior to biopsy were included. Vitrified-warmed blastocysts that did not re-expand within 1-hour post-warming were excluded from the analysis.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

In NCs, vaginal progesterone (P4) (Endometrin®) was administrated (3x100mg) after endocrinological confirmation of ovulation until pregnancy test. For HRT cycles, oral estradiol administration was started on day 2 (4 mg) and increased to 6mg on D5 of the cycle. When endometrial thickness was ≥6 mm, P4 was given (3x100mg) until pregnancy test. All FET were performed on D5 after start of P4 administration. Clinical pregnancy was recorded as the presence of an intrauterine gestational sac.

Main results and the role of chance

Women’s mean age was 33.8 ± 5.5 years. A total of 651 FETs were performed with D5 euploid blastocysts (37.6% in NC and 62.4% in HRT) and 376 with D6 (43.1% in NC and 56.9% in HRT). Clinical pregnancy rate in NC was higher with D5 blastocysts compared to D6 (66.9% vs 50.0%; OR = 0.494, 95% CI = 0.322–0.758; p &lt; 0.001), while no significant differences were found when vitrified-warmed blastocysts were transferred in HRT cycles (64.3% vs 58.4%; OR = 0.781, 95% CI = 0.548–1.112; p = 0.164). Additionally, clinical miscarriage was significantly higher with D5 euploid blastocysts transferred in NC (D5=10.9% vs D6=3.7%, OR = 0.239, 95% CI = 0.044–0.837; p = 0.019). In HRT, miscarriage outcomes were similar between D5 and D6 euploid blastocysts (D5=18.7% vs D6=20.8%, OR = 0.781, 95% CI = 0.548–1.112; p = 0.164), but significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) than in NC. From a multinomial logistic regression model including age, blastocyst quality and day of biopsy as confounding factors, the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly affected by D6 blastocyst biopsy (OR = 0.571, 95% CI = 0.360–0.906, p = 0.017) and inner cell mass (ICM) grade A (OR = 3.941, 95% CI = 1.149–10.402; p = 0.006) or B (OR = 2.601, 95% CI = 1.146–5.907, p = 0.022) in NC. In HRT cycles, exclusively ICM was statistically significant (OR = 2.555, 95% CI = 1.214–5.381, p = 0.015 and OR = 2.397, 95% CI = 1.286–4.470, p &lt; 0.001 for grade A and B, respectively).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The current results are based on an observational retrospective study. Live birth and perinatal outcomes should be considered in a further analysis to evaluate the performance of the NC vs HRT protocols when D5 or D6 euploid blastocysts are transferred in FET cycles.

Wider implications of the findings: While the clinical pregnancies of D5 and D6 euploid blastocysts are comparable in HRT protocols only, the miscarriage rates seem to be significantly increased as compared to NC. Further studies are required to personalize EP protocols based on the day of blastocyst biopsy in order to improve clinical outcomes.

Trial registration number

No

P–160 Sibling oocytes cultured in a time-lapse versus benchtop incubator: limited exposure of embryos outside the incubator improves outcomes

Study question

Does the limited exposure of embryos outside the incubator, during evaluation and changeover, have an impact on the blastocyst development, blastocyst quality and euploid outcomes?

Summary answer

Exposure of embryos outside the incubator, negatively impacts the number, quality and euploidy rate of day 5 blastocysts.

What is known already

The laboratory environment with its culture conditions is one of the crucial elements of the delicate equation to a successful ART outcome. It has been shown that increased fluctuations in the culture conditions have a considerable impact on the number of blastocysts obtained and cycle outcomes. Compared to conventional benchtop incubators, Time Lapse Technology (TLT) incubators capture images of the embryo and allow morphologic and morphokinetic assessment without disturbance during incubation. Several studies have been published comparing the efficiency, safety and outcome performance between conventional and TLT incubators, however, none of them explored the euploid outcomes.

Study design, size, duration

An observational sibling oocyte study was performed at ART Fertility Clinics, Abu Dhabi between March 2018 and April 2020 and included data of 796 mature oocytes injected from 42 stimulation cycles. Sibling oocytes were randomly split between 2 different incubators: 12 oocytes were assigned to the twelve wells of the EmbryoscopeTM (ES) and the remaining oocytes were cultured in a conventional benchtop incubator, G185 K-System (KS).

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Embryos from patients with primary or secondary infertility, who underwent ovarian stimulation for ICSI and PGT-A through NGS on trophectoderm biopsies, were eligible. All patients had at least 16 fresh mature oocytes, randomly allocated to two different incubators after ICSI: 503 (63.2%) oocytes were cultured in ES and 293 (36.8%) in KS. The fertilization, cleavage, useable blastocyst and euploid rates, as well as embryo/blastocyst qualities were assessed to evaluate each incubator’s performance.

Main results and the role of chance

The fertilization and cleavage rates were similar between incubators. Total useable blastocyst rate (64.8% vs 49.6%, p &lt; 0.001) was significantly higher for embryos cultured in ES, mainly due a higher percentage of blastocysts biopsied on day 5 in ES (67.8% vs 57.0%, p = 0.037), with improved quality (p = 0.008). There was no difference in the total euploid rate between ES and KS (59.9% vs 50.4%, p = 0.314), but a significantly higher euploid rate was seen for blastocysts cultured in ES and biopsied on day 5 (63.5% vs 37.4%, p = 0.001). Day 3 embryo quality and total biopsied blastocyst quality was not different between incubators. No difference was observed in the total useable blastocyst development from good (p = 0.0832) and poor (p = 0.112) quality day 3 cleavage stage embryos. However, when stratifying according to the day of blastocyst development, poor quality embryos on day 3 showed superior blastocyst formation on day 5 when cultured in ES (64.1% vs 39.1% for day 5 and 35.9% vs 60.9% for day 6, p = 0.005). Accordingly, blastocyst formation from poor quality embryos on day 3, was shifted to day 6 for embryos cultured in KS. This difference in the day of blastocyst development was not observed for good quality cleavage stage embryos (p = 0.917).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The current observational study needs confirmation in a prospective trial and should also include the implantation potential of the euploid blastocysts, which was not followed in the current study. A good prognosis population (≥16 mature oocytes) was studied and may not reflect the outcomes in patients with lower oocyte numbers.

Wider implications of the findings: This work builds evidence to the solid introduction of the TLT incubators to the clinical routine, as the reduced exposure of embryos outside the incubator – and hence decreased stress - improves the blastocyst development.

Trial registration number

NA

P–359 Blastocyst quality, transfer difficulty and endometrial thickness affect clinical pregnancy after frozen embryo transfer (FET) of euploid blastocysts in the upper uterine cavity

Study question

Which factors affect the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) after single euploid frozen embryo transfers (FET), when the blastocyst is transferred in the upper uterine cavity area?

Summary answer

Blastocyst quality, embryo transfer difficulty and endometrial thickness affect the CPR in FET.

What is known already

There is a limited understanding of the factors affecting success rates after FET. The most important factors influencing implantation rates are patient characteristics, type of endometrial preparation, embryo quality and transfer difficulty. It has been shown that the position of the euploid blastocyst, measured as distance from the fundus (DFF) of the uterine cavity (mm), affects the implantation potential. Although the ideal location within the uterine cavity is still being debated in very heterogeneous patient populations, most studies have found that the highest pregnancy rates are obtained when the embryo is placed in the upper area of the uterine cavity.

Study design, size, duration

This single center retrospective cohort study included a total of 603 single euploid FET cycles, in the upper half of the uterine cavity, between January 2019 and November 2020 in ART Fertility Clinic Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Trophectoderm biopsy samples were subjected to Next Generation Sequencing to screen the ploidy state. Vitrification and warming were performed using the Cryotop method (Kitazato, Biopharma). The full length of the uterine cavity and the longitudinal distance between the fundal endometrial surface and the air bubble after transfer were measured.

Main results and the role of chance

The patients were on average 33.9 (19–46) years old. The FET was performed in a natural cycle (NC) (n = 278) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (n = 325). Of the 603 transfers which had been performed in the upper half of the uterus, 412 (68.3%) resulted in a pregnancy and 311 (51.5%) in a clinical pregnancy. After bivariate analysis, the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher for high quality blastocysts (grade 1–2 versus 3–4) (p &lt; 0.001), after easy embryo transfers (p = 0.001) and for higher endometrial thickness (p = 0.027).

After performing a multivariate logistic regression analysis to consider the effect of all explanatory variables (age, Anti Müllerian hormone, body mass index, endometrial thickness, quality of the blastocyst, difficulty of the transfer [requirement of additional instrumentation], presence of mucus or blood on the transfer catheter, day 5 or day 6 biopsy, FET endometrial preparation), the clinical pregnancy was affected by the endometrial thickness: OR 1.20 [1.05–1.37], p = 0.007; transfer difficulty: OR 0.44 [0.25–0.79], p = 0.006; blastocyst quality 3: OR 0.38 [0.18–0.79], p = 0.01 and blastocyst quality 4: OR 0.15 [0.06–0.37], p &lt; 0.0001. Age did not affect the clinical pregnancy after transferring a single euploid blastocyst: OR 1.03 [1.00–1.06], p = 0.052.

Limitations, reasons for caution

The limitation of this study was its retrospective nature and the small sample size. Other parameters may be important in live birth outcomes.

Wider implications of the findings: Optimization of clinical pregnancy outcomes after FET depends on multiple factors. Even after transfer of euploid blastocysts in the upper uterine cavity, the endometrial thickness, transfer difficulty and blastocyst quality will still affect the clinical pregnancy outcomes.

Trial registration number

NA

P–271 Should intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of delayed mature oocytes become a routine practice in the IVF Laboratory?

Study question

Do delayed mature oocytes result in similar euploid blastocyst rates as their immediate mature sibling oocytes?

Summary answer

Once a blastocyst is obtained, delayed mature oocytes have similar euploid rates compared to immediate mature oocytes.

What is known already

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of metaphase II oocytes few hours post oocyte retrieval is standard practice in IVF laboratories. Immature metaphase I (MI) and prophase I (GV) oocytes are usually discarded. Immature oocytes may mature overnight, after which ICSI can be performed. Studies demonstrated lower fertilization and blastulation rates for these delayed mature oocytes. However, live births have been reported from blastocysts transferred. The evidence available is not compelling, since most of the studies had either low sample size, no preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A), or the outcome was not compared to sibling MII oocytes at time of denudation.

Study design, size, duration

A single-center retrospective sibling oocyte study was performed between January 2019 and December 2020 at ART Fertility clinics Abu Dhabi, UAE. A total of 345 PGT-A cycles, with at least one delayed mature oocyte inseminated by ICSI, were included: 2506 immediate mature oocytes and 669 delayed mature oocytes.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Following controlled ovarian stimulation, MII oocytes at the time of denudation were inseminated by ICSI/IVF (immediate mature). Immature oocytes (MI/GV) were cultured for 16–24 hours in fertilization medium and injected the next day if matured (delayed mature). Trophectoderm biopsy was performed on day 5/6/7 and samples were subjected to Next Generation Sequencing to screen the ploidy state of the blastocyst.

Main results and the role of chance

The 345 controlled ovarian stimulation cycles resulted in the insemination of 2506 MII oocytes on the day of oocyte retrieval (Day0) and 669 delayed mature oocytes on day 1. Normal fertilization rate was significantly higher in the immediate mature oocytes compared to delayed mature oocytes (68% vs 56%, p &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, the usable blastocyst rate was significantly higher in immediate mature oocytes (59% vs 19%, p &lt; 0.0001). On day 5 of development, a significantly higher-good quality blastocyst formation rate was obtained from immediate mature oocytes (65% vs 27%, p &lt; 0.0001). The rate of good quality blastocyst on the day of biopsy was significantly higher in the immediate mature oocytes group (76% vs 62%, p &lt; 0.015).

Fisher’s Exact Test was performed to compare the euploid rate of blastocysts biopsied on day 5/6/7 originating from immediate mature oocytes or sibling delayed mature oocytes. The euploid potential of blastocyst biopsied showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.388).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The timing of MI/GV oocytes transition to MII stage was not recorded since the incubation was done in a benchtop incubator. Furthermore, the same sperm sample was used to inseminate immediate and delayed mature oocytes, which might contribute to the compromised embryo development due to increased sperm DNA fragmentation.

Wider implications of the findings: Insemination of delayed mature oocytes by ICSI, should be considered as a tool to increase patients’ chances of obtaining a euploid embryo. Especially in cases where low yield of euploid embryos is expected.

Trial registration number

Not applicable

Segmental duplications and monosomies are linked to in vitro developmental arrest

PURPOSE

To verify which genetic abnormalities prevent embryos to blastulate in a stage-specific time.

METHODS

A single center retrospective study was performed between April 2016 and January 2017. Patients requiring Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) were included. All embryos were cultured in a time-lapse imaging system and single blastomere biopsy was performed on day 3 of development. Segmental duplications and deletions as well as whole chromosome monosomies and trisomies were registered. Embryo arrest was defined if the embryo failed to blastulate 118 h post-injection. A logistic regression model was applied using the time to blastulate as the response variable and the different mutations as explanatory variables. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

Of the 285 biopsied cleavage stage embryos, 103 (36.1%) were euploid, and 182 (63.9%) were aneuploid. There was a significant difference in the developmental arrest between euploid and aneuploid embryos (8.7% versus 42.9%; p = 0.0001). Segmental duplications and whole chromosome monosomies were found to have a significant effect on developmental arrest (p = 0.0163 and p = 0.0075), while trisomies and segmental deletions had no effect on developmental arrest. In case of segmental duplications, an increase of one extra segmental duplication increases the odd of arrest by 159%. For whole chromosome monosomies, the odd will only increase by 29% for every extra chromosomal monosomy. Both chromosomal abnormalities remained significant after adding age as an explanatory variable to the model (p = 0.014 and p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION

Day 3 cleavage stage embryos with segmental duplications or monosomies have a significantly decreased chance to reach the blastocyst stage.

The alpha-2 receptor agonist dexmedetomidine attenuates vancomycin‑induced acute kidney injury

OBJECTIVE

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on nephrotoxicity and the mechanism of renoprotection following vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

METHODS

Thirty-two albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The control group received intraperitoneal (IP) physiological saline solution, the vancomycin (VMC) group received IP 200 mg/kg vancomycin, the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group received IP 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, and the vancomycin and dexmedetomidine (VMC+DEX) group received IP 200 mg/kg vancomycin followed by IP 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine 20 min after the vancomycin injection. On the 8th day of the experiment, histopathological and biochemical parameters were assessed.

RESULTS

Creatinine levels were significantly higher in VMC and VMC+DEX groups. The endothelin-1 level was significantly higher in VMC group. Nitric oxide levels were statistically lower in VMC and VMC+DEX groups. Histopathologic assessments revealed that the extent of renal damage was significantly higher in group VMC (n = 4 with damage of Grade 3) compared to group VMC+DEX (n = 0 with damage of Grade 3).

CONCLUSION

It was determined that dexmedetomidine can reduce the extent of renal damage by preventing the elevation of vasoconstrictor agents (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 36).

Effects of 0.5% and 0.25% Apraclonidine on Postoperative Intraocular Hypertension after Cataract Extraction

Purpose

We conducted a double-masked, prospective study to evaluate the effect of 0.5% and 0.25% apraclonidine on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods

Fifty-four patients scheduled for ECCE were randomly divided into three groups of 18. The first group received one drop of 0.50% apraclonidine topically one hour before surgery and immediately after the end of the procedure. The second group received the same regimen but with 0.25% apraclonidine. The third group received artificial tears as the control group. IOP was measured 12 h preoperatively and 6 and 24 h postoperatively. All the measurements were made using the same Goldmann applanation tonometer by the same surgeon who did not know to which group the patient belonged.

Results

Preoperative mean IOP was 13.66 ± 2.76 mmHg in the first group, 14.27 ± 2.24 mmHg in the second and 14.5 ± 1.34 mmHg in the control group. The differences were not significant (p=0.398). Mean IOP at the early postoperative visit (6 h) was significantly lower in the first group (17.44 ± 4.95 mmHg) than the second (21.78 ± 7.19 mmHg) and the control group (24.55 ± 5.65 mmHg) (p<0.001). Mean postoperative IOP at 24 h was again significantly lower in the first group (14.33 ± 3.75 mmHg) than the second (17.11 ± 4.16 mmHg) and the control group (19.61 ± 3.20 mmHg) (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that topical 0.5% apraclonidine controlled early postoperative intraocular hypertension after cataract extraction without any side effects, while the 0.25% drops were not effective.

Novel clues for ultrasonographic diagnosis of reflux in pregnant women: a pilot study

The aim of the present study was to define some novel radiological clues that may aid in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in pregnant women. A total of 84 pregnant women, consisting of 42 reflux patients and 42 controls were included in the study. Reflux and control groups were compared in terms of age and our novel ultrasonographic landmarks related to oesophageal structure. While the two groups did not differ in terms of age, they were significantly different from each other with respect to: single layer, single wall oesophageal thickness; double layer, double wall oesophageal thickness; oesophageal hiatal diameter; perioesophageal fat pad thickness; hypoechogenic single wall muscularis mucosa and lamina propria thickness. Owing to our newly defined radiological clues, ultrasonography may have a 'greater than expected' role in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in pregnant women. However, further studies must be performed to document the actual diagnostic potential of these radiological tips.