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Vázquez-Liébanas E, Mocci G, Li W, Laviña B, Reddy A, O'Connor C, Hudson N, Elbeck Z, Nikoloudis I, Gaengel K, Vanlandewijck M, Campbell M, Betsholtz C, Mäe MA. Mosaic deletion of claudin-5 reveals rapid non-cell-autonomous consequences of blood-brain barrier leakage. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113911. [PMID: 38446668 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Claudin-5 (CLDN5) is an endothelial tight junction protein essential for blood-brain barrier (BBB) formation. Abnormal CLDN5 expression is common in brain disease, and knockdown of Cldn5 at the BBB has been proposed to facilitate drug delivery to the brain. To study the consequences of CLDN5 loss in the mature brain, we induced mosaic endothelial-specific Cldn5 gene ablation in adult mice (Cldn5iECKO). These mice displayed increased BBB permeability to tracers up to 10 kDa in size from 6 days post induction (dpi) and ensuing lethality from 10 dpi. Single-cell RNA sequencing at 11 dpi revealed profound transcriptomic differences in brain endothelial cells regardless of their Cldn5 status in mosaic mice, suggesting major non-cell-autonomous responses. Reactive microglia and astrocytes suggested rapid cellular responses to BBB leakage. Our study demonstrates a critical role for CLDN5 in the adult BBB and provides molecular insight into the consequences and risks associated with CLDN5 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vázquez-Liébanas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Mocci
- Single Cell Core Facility of Flemingsberg Campus (SICOF), Karolinska Institute, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Weihan Li
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Avril Reddy
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claire O'Connor
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Natalie Hudson
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zaher Elbeck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Nikoloudis
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Gaengel
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Single Cell Core Facility of Flemingsberg Campus (SICOF), Karolinska Institute, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Huang H, Georganaki M, Conze LL, Laviña B, van Hooren L, Vemuri K, van de Walle T, Ramachandran M, Zhang L, Pontén F, Bergqvist M, Smits A, Betsholtz C, Dejana E, Magnusson PU, He L, Lugano R, Dimberg A. ELTD1-deletion reduces vascular abnormality and improves T-cell recruitment after PD-1 blockade in glioma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:398-411. [PMID: 34347079 PMCID: PMC8917395 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor vessels in glioma are molecularly and functionally abnormal, contributing to treatment resistance. Proteins differentially expressed in glioma vessels can change vessel phenotype and be targeted for therapy. ELTD1 (Adgrl4) is an orphan member of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor family upregulated in glioma vessels and has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target. However, the role of ELTD1 in regulating vessel function in glioblastoma is poorly understood. Methods ELTD1 expression in human gliomas and its association with patient survival was determined using tissue microarrays and public databases. The role of ELTD1 in regulating tumor vessel phenotype was analyzed using orthotopic glioma models and ELTD1−/− mice. Endothelial cells isolated from murine gliomas were transcriptionally profiled to determine differentially expressed genes and pathways. The consequence of ELTD1 deletion on glioma immunity was determined by treating tumor-bearing mice with PD-1-blocking antibodies. Results ELTD1 levels were upregulated in human glioma vessels, increased with tumor malignancy, and were associated with poor patient survival. Progression of orthotopic gliomas was not affected by ELTD1 deletion, however, tumor vascular function was improved in ELTD1−/− mice. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated increased inflammatory response and decreased proliferation in tumor endothelium in ELTD1−/− mice. Consistent with an enhanced inflammatory response, ELTD1 deletion improved T-cell infiltration in GL261-bearing mice after PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that ELTD1 participates in inducing vascular dysfunction in glioma, and suggest that targeting of ELTD1 may normalize the vessels and improve the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Georganaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Liu Conze
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kalyani Vemuri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tiarne van de Walle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Bergqvist
- Center for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Gävle Hospital, Gävle.,Department of Radiation Sciences and Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå
| | - Anja Smits
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Rust R, Kirabali T, Grönnert L, Dogancay B, Limasale YDP, Meinhardt A, Werner C, Laviña B, Kulic L, Nitsch RM, Tackenberg C, Schwab ME. A Practical Guide to the Automated Analysis of Vascular Growth, Maturation and Injury in the Brain. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:244. [PMID: 32265643 PMCID: PMC7099171 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct organization of the brain's vasculature ensures the adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients during development and adulthood. Acute and chronic pathological changes of the vascular system have been implicated in many neurological disorders including stroke and dementia. Here, we describe a fast, automated method that allows the highly reproducible, quantitative assessment of distinct vascular parameters and their changes based on the open source software Fiji (ImageJ). In particular, we developed a practical guide to reliably measure aspects of growth, repair and maturation of the brain's vasculature during development and neurovascular disease in mice and humans. The script can be used to assess the effects of different external factors including pharmacological treatments or disease states. Moreover, the procedure is expandable to blood vessels of other organs and vascular in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tunahan Kirabali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Grönnert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Berre Dogancay
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luka Kulic
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Castro M, Laviña B, Ando K, Álvarez-Aznar A, Abu Taha A, Brakebusch C, Dejana E, Betsholtz C, Gaengel K. CDC42 Deletion Elicits Cerebral Vascular Malformations via Increased MEKK3-Dependent KLF4 Expression. Circ Res 2020; 124:1240-1252. [PMID: 30732528 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aberrant formation of blood vessels precedes a broad spectrum of vascular complications; however, the cellular and molecular events governing vascular malformations are not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the role of CDC42 (cell division cycle 42) during vascular morphogenesis and its relative importance for the development of cerebrovascular malformations. METHODS AND RESULTS To avoid secondary systemic effects often associated with embryonic gene deletion, we generated an endothelial-specific and inducible knockout approach to study postnatal vascularization of the mouse brain. Postnatal endothelial-specific deletion of Cdc42 elicits cerebrovascular malformations reminiscent of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). At the cellular level, loss of CDC42 function in brain endothelial cells (ECs) impairs their sprouting, branching morphogenesis, axial polarity, and normal dispersion within the brain tissue. Disruption of CDC42 does not alter EC proliferation, but malformations occur where EC proliferation is the most pronounced during brain development-the postnatal cerebellum-indicating that a high, naturally occurring EC proliferation provides a permissive state for the appearance of these malformations. Mechanistically, CDC42 depletion in ECs elicited increased MEKK3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3)-MEK5 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5)-ERK5 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5) signaling and consequent detrimental overexpression of KLF (Kruppel-like factor) 2 and KLF4, recapitulating the hallmark mechanism for CCM pathogenesis. Through genetic approaches, we demonstrate that the coinactivation of Klf4 reduces the severity of vascular malformations in Cdc42 mutant mice. Moreover, we show that CDC42 interacts with CCMs and that CCM3 promotes CDC42 activity in ECs. CONCLUSIONS We show that endothelial-specific deletion of Cdc42 elicits CCM-like cerebrovascular malformations and that CDC42 is engaged in the CCM signaling network to restrain the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5-KLF2/4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castro
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Koji Ando
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Alberto Álvarez-Aznar
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Abdallah Abu Taha
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C. Brakebusch).,ICMC (Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre), Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca/Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden (C. Betsholtz)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.).,FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Konstantin Gaengel
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
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5
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Niaudet C, Petkova M, Jung B, Lu S, Laviña B, Offermanns S, Brakebusch C, Betsholtz C. Adgrf5 contributes to patterning of the endothelial deep layer in retina. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:491-505. [PMID: 31256320 PMCID: PMC6863953 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization of the inner retinal space is a major cause of vision loss. In retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) syndrome, newly formed vessels originate from the retinal plexus and invade the inner retinal space. However, the molecular pathways preventing subretinal vascularization remain largely unknown. In most murine models of RAP, pathological neovascularization occurs concomitantly with the development of the retinal vasculature. Here, we demonstrate that disturbing the sequence of morphogenetic events that shape the three-layered retinal vascular network leads to subretinal vascularization. Sprouts emerging from the perivenous region after the first postnatal week extended toward the retinal space where they merged into the deep layer. The small GTPase Rac1 was required for the formation of these vascular extensions and the vascular inner plexus is formed coaxially to the overarching veins. The adhesion receptor Adgrf5 was highly expressed in the endothelium of the central nervous system, where it regulates blood–brain barrier formation. The vascular superficial plexus of Adgrf5 mutant mouse retinae exhibited an increased vascular density in the perivenous areas with increased projections toward the inner plexus where they subsequently created hyper-dense endothelial cells (EC) clusters. Disturbing the perivenous pool of EC thus significantly altered the inner plexus formation. These abnormalities culminated in transient vascular protrusions in the inner retinal space. Taken together, these results reveal a previously unobserved vascular morphogenetic defect in Adgrf5 knockout mice, implicating a role for ADGRF5 in the initiation of subretinal vascularization. Our findings also illustrate how vein-derived EC shape the inner retinal layer formation and could control the appearance of angiomatous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Niaudet
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M Petkova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Jung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - B Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - C Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Mäe MA, Li T, Bertuzzi G, Raschperger E, Vanlandewijck M, He L, Nahar K, Dalheim A, Hofmann JJ, Laviña B, Keller A, Betsholtz C, Genové G. Prolonged systemic hyperglycemia does not cause pericyte loss and permeability at the mouse blood-brain barrier. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17462. [PMID: 30498224 PMCID: PMC6265246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive impairment and various central nervous system pathologies such as stroke, vascular dementia, or Alzheimer’s disease. The exact pathophysiology of these conditions is poorly understood. Recent reports suggest that hyperglycemia causes cerebral microcirculation pathology and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and leakage. The majority of these reports, however, are based on methods including in vitro BBB modeling or streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rodents, opening questions regarding the translation of the in vitro findings to the in vivo situation, and possible direct effects of streptozotocin on the brain vasculature. Here we used a genetic mouse model of hyperglycemia (Ins2AKITA) to address whether prolonged systemic hyperglycemia induces BBB dysfunction and leakage. We applied a variety of methodologies to carefully evaluate BBB function and cellular integrity in vivo, including the quantification and visualization of specific tracers and evaluation of transcriptional and morphological changes in the BBB and its supporting cellular components. These experiments did neither reveal altered BBB permeability nor morphological changes of the brain vasculature in hyperglycemic mice. We conclude that prolonged hyperglycemia does not lead to BBB dysfunction, and thus the cognitive impairment observed in diabetes may have other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tian Li
- Integrated Cardio-Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Giacomo Bertuzzi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,University of Oxford; Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, The Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Raschperger
- Integrated Cardio-Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Integrated Cardio-Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury, Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Khayrun Nahar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Dalheim
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jennifer J Hofmann
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Concordia University, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurocenter, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Integrated Cardio-Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Guillem Genové
- Integrated Cardio-Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
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7
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He L, Vanlandewijck M, Mäe MA, Andrae J, Ando K, Del Gaudio F, Nahar K, Lebouvier T, Laviña B, Gouveia L, Sun Y, Raschperger E, Segerstolpe Å, Liu J, Gustafsson S, Räsänen M, Zarb Y, Mochizuki N, Keller A, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse brain and lung vascular and vessel-associated cell types. Sci Data 2018; 5:180160. [PMID: 30129931 PMCID: PMC6103262 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are major causes of death, yet our understanding of the cellular constituents of blood vessels, including how differences in their gene expression profiles create diversity in vascular structure and function, is limited. In this paper, we describe a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset that defines vascular and vessel-associated cell types and subtypes in mouse brain and lung. The dataset contains 3,436 single cell transcriptomes from mouse brain, which formed 15 distinct clusters corresponding to cell (sub)types, and another 1,504 single cell transcriptomes from mouse lung, which formed 17 cell clusters. In order to allow user-friendly access to our data, we constructed a searchable database (http://betsholtzlab.org/VascularSingleCells/database.html). Our dataset constitutes a comprehensive molecular atlas of vascular and vessel-associated cell types in the mouse brain and lung, and as such provides a strong foundation for future studies of vascular development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca Del Gaudio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khayrun Nahar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Inserm U1171, University of Lille, CHU, Memory Center, Distalz, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leonor Gouveia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Zhongyuan Union Genetic Technology Co., Ltd., No.45, the 9th East Road, Tianjin airport economic area, Tianjin 300304, China
| | - Elisabeth Raschperger
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Åsa Segerstolpe
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sonja Gustafsson
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvette Zarb
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.,AMED-CREST, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Annika Keller
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Honkura N, Richards M, Laviña B, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Betsholtz C, Claesson-Welsh L. Intravital imaging-based analysis tools for vessel identification and assessment of concurrent dynamic vascular events. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2746. [PMID: 30013228 PMCID: PMC6048163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature undergoes changes in diameter, permeability and blood flow in response to specific stimuli. The dynamics and interdependence of these responses in different vessels are largely unknown. Here we report a non-invasive technique to study dynamic events in different vessel categories by multi-photon microscopy and an image analysis tool, RVDM (relative velocity, direction, and morphology) allowing the identification of vessel categories by their red blood cell (RBC) parameters. Moreover, Claudin5 promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression is used to distinguish capillary subtypes. Intradermal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is shown to induce leakage of circulating dextran, with vessel-type-dependent kinetics, from capillaries and venules devoid of GFP expression. VEGFA-induced leakage in capillaries coincides with vessel dilation and reduced flow velocity. Thus, intravital imaging of non-invasive stimulation combined with RVDM analysis allows for recording and quantification of very rapid events in the vasculature. Different stimuli can induce dynamic changes in blood flow velocity, vessel diameter and permeability. Here the authors develop a multi-photon microscopy-based image analysis tool allowing the identification of vessels and the assessment of rapid changes in large vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Honkura
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mark Richards
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Laviña B, Castro M, Niaudet C, Cruys B, Álvarez-Aznar A, Carmeliet P, Bentley K, Brakebusch C, Betsholtz C, Gaengel K. Defective endothelial cell migration in the absence of Cdc42 leads to capillary-venous malformations. Development 2018; 145:dev.161182. [PMID: 29853619 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Formation and homeostasis of the vascular system requires several coordinated cellular functions, but their precise interplay during development and their relative importance for vascular pathologies remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the endothelial functions regulated by Cdc42 and their in vivo relevance during angiogenic sprouting and vascular morphogenesis in the postnatal mouse retina. We found that Cdc42 is required for endothelial tip cell selection, directed cell migration and filopodia formation, but dispensable for cell proliferation or apoptosis. Although the loss of Cdc42 seems generally compatible with apical-basal polarization and lumen formation in retinal blood vessels, it leads to defective endothelial axial polarization and to the formation of severe vascular malformations in capillaries and veins. Tracking of Cdc42-depleted endothelial cells in mosaic retinas suggests that these capillary-venous malformations arise as a consequence of defective cell migration, when endothelial cells that proliferate at normal rates are unable to re-distribute within the vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Castro
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Colin Niaudet
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bert Cruys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Álvarez-Aznar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katie Bentley
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.,Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden .,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Novum, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Gaengel
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Vanlandewijck M, He L, Mäe MA, Andrae J, Ando K, Del Gaudio F, Nahar K, Lebouvier T, Laviña B, Gouveia L, Sun Y, Raschperger E, Räsänen M, Zarb Y, Mochizuki N, Keller A, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C. Author Correction: A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature. Nature 2018; 560:E3. [PMID: 29925939 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In Fig. 1b of this Article, 'Csf1r' was misspelt 'Csfr1'. In addition, in Extended Data Fig. 11b, owing to an error during figure formatting, the genes listed in the first column shifted down three rows below the first gene on the list, causing a mismatch between the gene names and their characteristics. These errors have been corrected online, and the original Extended Data Fig. 11b is provided as Supplementary Information to the accompanying Amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vanlandewijck
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca Del Gaudio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khayrun Nahar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Inserm U1171, University of Lille, CHU, Memory Center, Distalz, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leonor Gouveia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Zhongyuan Union Genetic Technology Co., Ltd., No.45, the 9th East Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300304, China
| | - Elisabeth Raschperger
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvette Zarb
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,AMED-CREST, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Annika Keller
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Tannenberg P, Chang YT, Muhl L, Laviña B, Gladh H, Genové G, Betsholtz C, Folestad E, Tran-Lundmark K. Extracellular retention of PDGF-B directs vascular remodeling in mouse hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L593-L605. [PMID: 29212800 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00054.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal condition, and current vasodilator therapy has limited effect. Antiproliferative strategies targeting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, such as imatinib, have generated promising results in animal studies. Imatinib is, however, a nonspecific tyrosine kinase inhibitor and has in clinical studies caused unacceptable adverse events. Further studies are needed on the role of PDGF signaling in PH. Here, mice expressing a variant of PDGF-B with no retention motif ( Pdgfbret/ret), resulting in defective binding to extracellular matrix, were studied. Following 4 wk of hypoxia, right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular remodeling were examined. Pdgfbret/ret mice did not develop PH, as assessed by hemodynamic parameters. Hypoxia did, however, induce vascular remodeling in Pdgfbret/ret mice; but unlike the situation in controls where the remodeling led to an increased concentric muscularization of arteries, the vascular remodeling in Pdgfbret/ret mice was characterized by a diffuse muscularization, in which cells expressing smooth muscle cell markers were found in the interalveolar septa detached from the normally muscularized intra-acinar vessels. Additionally, fewer NG2-positive perivascular cells were found in Pdgfbret/ret lungs, and mRNA analyses showed significantly increased levels of Il6 following hypoxia, a known promigratory factor for pericytes. No differences in proliferation were detected at 4 wk. This study emphasizes the importance of extracellular matrix-growth factor interactions and adds to previous knowledge of PDGF-B in PH pathobiology. In summary, Pdgfbret/ret mice have unaltered hemodynamic parameters following chronic hypoxia, possibly secondary to a disorganized vascular muscularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Tannenberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Hanna Gladh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Guillem Genové
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erika Folestad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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12
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Vanlandewijck M, He L, Mäe MA, Andrae J, Ando K, Del Gaudio F, Nahar K, Lebouvier T, Laviña B, Gouveia L, Sun Y, Raschperger E, Räsänen M, Zarb Y, Mochizuki N, Keller A, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C. A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature. Nature 2018; 554:475-480. [PMID: 29443965 DOI: 10.1038/nature25739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1046] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, but our understanding of the cells that compose the cerebral vasculature is limited. Here, using vascular single-cell transcriptomics, we provide molecular definitions for the principal types of blood vascular and vessel-associated cells in the adult mouse brain. We uncover the transcriptional basis of the gradual phenotypic change (zonation) along the arteriovenous axis and reveal unexpected cell type differences: a seamless continuum for endothelial cells versus a punctuated continuum for mural cells. We also provide insight into pericyte organotypicity and define a population of perivascular fibroblast-like cells that are present on all vessel types except capillaries. Our work illustrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics to decode the higher organizational principles of a tissue and may provide the initial chapter in a molecular encyclopaedia of the mammalian vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vanlandewijck
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca Del Gaudio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khayrun Nahar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Inserm U1171, University of Lille, CHU, Memory Center, Distalz, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leonor Gouveia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Zhongyuan Union Genetic Technology Co., Ltd., No.45, the 9th East Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300304, China
| | - Elisabeth Raschperger
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvette Zarb
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,AMED-CREST, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Annika Keller
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Abstract
Recent major improvements in a number of imaging techniques now allow for the study of the brain in ways that could not be considered previously. Researchers today have well-developed tools to specifically examine the dynamic nature of the blood vessels in the brain during development and adulthood; as well as to observe the vascular responses in disease situations in vivo. This review offers a concise summary and brief historical reference of different imaging techniques and how these tools can be applied to study the brain vasculature and the blood-brain barrier integrity in both healthy and disease states. Moreover, it offers an overview on available transgenic animal models to study vascular biology and a description of useful online brain atlases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Throughout history, development of novel microscopy techniques has been of fundamental importance to advance the vascular biology field.This review offers a concise summary of the most recently developed imaging techniques and discusses how they can be applied to vascular biology. In addition, we reflect upon the most important fluorescent reporters for vascular research that are currently available. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in light sheet-based imaging techniques now offer the ability to live image the vascular system in whole organs or even in whole animals during development and in pathological conditions with a satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. Conversely, super resolution microscopy now allows studying cellular processes at a near-molecular resolution. SUMMARY Major recent improvements in a number of imaging techniques now allow study of vascular biology in ways that could not be considered previously. Researchers now have well-developed tools to specifically examine the dynamic nature of vascular development during angiogenic sprouting, remodeling and regression as well as the vascular responses in disease situations in vivo. In addition, open questions in endothelial and lymphatic cell biology that require subcellular resolution such as actin dynamics, junctional complex formation and stability, vascular permeability and receptor trafficking can now be approached with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Niaudet C, Hofmann JJ, Mäe MA, Jung B, Gaengel K, Vanlandewijck M, Ekvärn E, Salvado MD, Mehlem A, Al Sayegh S, He L, Lebouvier T, Castro-Freire M, Katayama K, Hultenby K, Moessinger C, Tannenberg P, Cunha S, Pietras K, Laviña B, Hong J, Berg T, Betsholtz C. Gpr116 Receptor Regulates Distinctive Functions in Pneumocytes and Vascular Endothelium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137949. [PMID: 26394398 PMCID: PMC4579087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its known expression in both the vascular endothelium and the lung epithelium, until recently the physiological role of the adhesion receptor Gpr116/ADGRF5 has remained elusive. We generated a new mouse model of constitutive Gpr116 inactivation, with a large genetic deletion encompassing exon 4 to exon 21 of the Gpr116 gene. This model allowed us to confirm recent results defining Gpr116 as necessary regulator of surfactant homeostasis. The loss of Gpr116 provokes an early accumulation of surfactant in the lungs, followed by a massive infiltration of macrophages, and eventually progresses into an emphysema-like pathology. Further analysis of this knockout model revealed cerebral vascular leakage, beginning at around 1.5 months of age. Additionally, endothelial-specific deletion of Gpr116 resulted in a significant increase of the brain vascular leakage. Mice devoid of Gpr116 developed an anatomically normal and largely functional vascular network, surprisingly exhibited an attenuated pathological retinal vascular response in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. These data suggest that Gpr116 modulates endothelial properties, a previously unappreciated function despite the pan-vascular expression of this receptor. Our results support the key pulmonary function of Gpr116 and describe a new role in the central nervous system vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Niaudet
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer J. Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maarja A. Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bongnam Jung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Gaengel
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Ekvärn
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Dolores Salvado
- Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Mehlem
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sahar Al Sayegh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Castro-Freire
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kan Katayama
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Moessinger
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Tannenberg
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Cunha
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Lund University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - JongWook Hong
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Berg
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stanczuk L, Martinez-Corral I, Ulvmar MH, Zhang Y, Laviña B, Fruttiger M, Adams R, Saur D, Betsholtz C, Ortega S, Alitalo K, Graupera M, Mäkinen T. cKit Lineage Hemogenic Endothelium-Derived Cells Contribute to Mesenteric Lymphatic Vessels. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1708-1721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Gaengel K, Niaudet C, Hagikura K, Laviña B, Siemsen BL, Muhl L, Hofmann JJ, Ebarasi L, Nyström S, Rymo S, Chen LL, Pang MF, Jin Y, Raschperger E, Roswall P, Schulte D, Benedito R, Larsson J, Hellström M, Fuxe J, Uhlén P, Adams R, Jakobsson L, Majumdar A, Vestweber D, Uv A, Betsholtz C. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1PR1 restricts sprouting angiogenesis by regulating the interplay between VE-cadherin and VEGFR2. Dev Cell 2013; 23:587-99. [PMID: 22975327 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels arise from preexisting ones, is critical for embryonic development and is an integral part of many disease processes. Recent studies have provided detailed information on how angiogenic sprouts initiate, elongate, and branch, but less is known about how these processes cease. Here, we show that S1PR1, a receptor for the blood-borne bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is critical for inhibition of angiogenesis and acquisition of vascular stability. Loss of S1PR1 leads to increased endothelial cell sprouting and the formation of ectopic vessel branches. Conversely, S1PR1 signaling inhibits angiogenic sprouting and enhances cell-to-cell adhesion. This correlates with inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-induced signaling and stabilization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin localization at endothelial junctions. Our data suggest that S1PR1 signaling acts as a vascular-intrinsic stabilization mechanism, protecting developing blood vessels against aberrant angiogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Gaengel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Gaengel K, Niaudet C, Hagikura K, Laviña B, Muhl L, Hofmann J, Ebarasi L, Nyström S, Rymo S, Chen L, Pang MF, Jin Y, Raschperger E, Roswall P, Schulte D, Benedito R, Larsson J, Hellström M, Fuxe J, Uhlén P, Adams R, Jakobsson L, Majumdar A, Vestweber D, Uv A, Betsholtz C. The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor S1PR1 Restricts Sprouting Angiogenesis by Regulating the Interplay between VE-Cadherin and VEGFR2. Dev Cell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Rodríguez-Vilarrupla A, Laviña B, García-Calderó H, Russo L, Rosado E, Roglans N, Bosch J, García-Pagán JC. PPARα activation improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces fibrosis and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 2012; 56:1033-1039. [PMID: 22245887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a transcription factor activated by ligands that regulates genes related to vascular tone, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis, pathways implicated in the development of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This study aims at evaluating the effects of PPARα activation with fenofibrate on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics, hepatic endothelial dysfunction, and hepatic fibrosis in CCl(4)-cirrhotic rats. METHODS Mean arterial pressure (MAP), portal pressure (PP), and portal blood flow (PBF) were measured in cirrhotic rats treated with oral fenofibrate (25mg/kg/day, n=10) or its vehicle (n=12) for 7 days. The liver was then perfused and dose-relaxation curves to acetylcholine (Ach) were performed. We also evaluated Sirius Red staining of liver sections, collagen-I mRNA expression, and smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression, cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) protein expression, and cGMP levels in liver homogenates, and TXB(2) production in perfusates. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and eNOS activation were measured in hepatic endothelial cells (HEC) isolated from cirrhotic rat livers. RESULTS CCl(4) cirrhotic rats treated with fenofibrate had a significantly lower PP (-29%) and higher MAP than those treated with vehicle. These effects were associated with a significant reduction in hepatic fibrosis and improved vasodilatory response to acetylcholine. Moreover, a reduction in COX-1 expression and TXB(2) production in rats receiving fenofibrate and a significant increase in NO bioavailability in HEC with fenofibrate were observed. CONCLUSIONS PPARα activation markedly reduced PP and liver fibrosis and improved hepatic endothelial dysfunction in cirrhotic rats, suggesting it may represent a new therapeutic strategy for portal hypertension in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Rodríguez-Vilarrupla
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Ciberehd, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Ciberehd, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor García-Calderó
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Ciberehd, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Russo
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Ciberehd, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenio Rosado
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Ciberehd, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bosch
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Ciberehd, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles García-Pagán
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Ciberehd, University of Barcelona, Spain
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García-Calderó H, Rodríguez-Vilarrupla A, Gracia-Sancho J, Diví M, Laviña B, Bosch J, García-Pagán JC. Tempol administration, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, reduces hepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 2011; 54:660-5. [PMID: 21159403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased superoxide in cirrhotic livers, by reducing nitric oxide bioavailability, contributes to increase intrahepatic vascular resistance to portal blood flow and as a consequence portal pressure. We aimed to evaluate whether a strategy directed to reduce superoxide using tempol, a small membrane permeable SOD-mimetic, is able to modulate intrahepatic nitric oxide content and reduce portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. METHODS Superoxide and nitric oxide were evaluated in control sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) pre-treated with the pro-oxidant diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and in CCl(4)-cirrhotic rat livers treated with tempol or vehicle. Mean arterial pressure, portal pressure, and portal blood flow were measured in control and cirrhotic rats treated with tempol (180μmol/kg/h; via ileocholic vein) or vehicle. In a subset of animals, hemodynamic measurements were performed after NO-inhibition with l-NAME. RESULTS Tempol reduced superoxide content and increased NO both in SEC and cirrhotic livers. In cirrhotic rats, but not in controls, tempol significantly reduced portal pressure, and increased portal blood flow, which most likely reflects a reduction in intrahepatic vascular resistance. Tempol significantly reduced mean arterial pressure. l-NAME prevented all these effects. CONCLUSIONS Tempol reduces superoxide, increases nitric oxide, and reduces portal pressure in sinusoidal endothelial cells and in cirrhotic livers. These results confirm that oxidative stress has a role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension and supports the use of antioxidants in its treatment. However, when considering the use of antioxidants as additional therapy to treat portal hypertension, the potential to produce deleterious effects on systemic hemodynamics needs to be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor García-Calderó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Laviña B, Gracia-Sancho J, Rodríguez-Vilarrupla A, Chu Y, Heistad DD, Bosch J, García-Pagán JC. Superoxide dismutase gene transfer reduces portal pressure in CCl4 cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension. Gut 2009; 58:118-25. [PMID: 18829979 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.149880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased intrahepatic vascular tone in cirrhosis has been attributed to a decrease of hepatic nitric oxide (NO) secondary to disturbances in the post-translational regulation of the enzyme eNOS. NO scavenging by superoxide (O(2)(-)) further contributes to a reduction of NO bioavailability in cirrhotic livers. AIM To investigate whether removing increased O(2)(-) levels could be a new therapeutic strategy to increase intrahepatic NO, improve endothelial dysfunction and reduce portal pressure in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension. METHODS Adenoviral vectors expressing extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) (AdECSOD) or beta-galactosidase (Adbetagal) were injected intravenously in control and CCl(4)-induced cirrhotic rats. After 3 days, liver O(2)(-) levels were determined by dihydroethidium staining, NO bioavailability by hepatic cGMP levels, nitrotyrosinated proteins by immunohistochemistry and western blot, and endothelial function by responses to acetylcholine in perfused rat livers. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and portal pressure were evaluated in vivo. RESULTS Transfection of cirrhotic livers with AdECSOD produced a significant reduction in O(2)(-) levels, a significant increase in hepatic cGMP, and a decrease in liver nitrotyrosinated proteins which were associated with a significant improvement in the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to acetylcholine. In addition, in cirrhotic livers AdECSOD transfection produced a significant reduction in portal pressure (17.3 (SD 2) mm Hg vs 15 (SD 1.6) mm Hg; p<0.05) without significant changes in MAP. In control rats, AdECSOD transfection prevents the increase in portal perfusion pressure promoted by an ROS-generating system. CONCLUSIONS In cirrhotic rats, reduction of O(2)(-) by AdECSOD increases NO bioavailability, improves intrahepatic endothelial function and reduces portal pressure. These findings suggest that scavenging of O(2)(-) might be a new therapeutic strategy in the management of portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Laviña
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Gracia-Sancho J, Laviña B, Rodríguez-Vilarrupla A, García-Calderó H, Fernández M, Bosch J, García-Pagán JC. Increased oxidative stress in cirrhotic rat livers: A potential mechanism contributing to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Hepatology 2008; 47:1248-56. [PMID: 18273863 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In cirrhotic livers, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a major factor increasing intrahepatic vascular tone. In several vascular disorders, an increase in superoxide (O(2) (-)) has been shown to contribute to reduced NO bioavailability through its reaction with NO to form peroxynitrite. This study was aimed to test the hypothesis that, in cirrhotic livers, increased O(2) (-), by reacting with NO, reduces NO bioavailability. In control and cirrhotic rat livers, NO bioavailability was evaluated by the measurement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in liver tissue and by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM-DA) fluorescence in isolated sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC); the O(2) (-) content was determined by dihydroethidium staining in fresh liver sections. In addition, the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), and cyclooxygenase (COX) as possible sources of O(2) (-) and the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity as an O(2) (-) scavenger were determined in liver homogenates. Protein-nitrotyrosination, a marker of the NO-O(2) (-) reaction, was evaluated in liver homogenates. Furthermore, in control SEC and bovine aortic endothelial cells, NO modulation by O(2) (-) was evaluated. Cirrhotic livers exhibited increased O(2) (-) levels. This was due, at least in part, to increased production by COX and XO but not eNOS and to reduced scavenging by SOD. Increased O(2) (-) was associated with a significant reduction in NO bioavailability and increased nitrotyrosinated proteins. In endothelial cells, an inverse relationship between O(2) (-) levels and NO bioavailability was observed. CONCLUSION Our data show that oxidative stress may contribute to reduced NO bioavailability in cirrhotic livers, supporting the evaluation of O(2) (-) reduction as a potential mechanism to restore NO content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gracia-Sancho
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques (IMDiM), Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Gracia-Sancho J, Laviña B, Rodríguez-Vilarrupla A, Brandes RP, Fernández M, Bosch J, García-Pagán JC. Evidence against a role for NADPH oxidase modulating hepatic vascular tone in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2007; 133:959-66. [PMID: 17854599 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased hepatic vascular resistance in cirrhosis is in part due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This is related to insufficient NO synthesis from endothelial nitric oxide synthase and to enhanced NO scavenging by superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase is an important source of O(2)(-) that increases vascular tone in different cardiovascular disorders. Thus, our aims were to study the molecular and biochemical state of NADPH-oxidase in cirrhotic livers and to investigate its possible role in modulating hepatic vascular tone in cirrhosis. METHODS NADPH-oxidase expression and enzymatic activity were determined in control (n = 8) and CCl(4)-cirrhotic (n = 8) rat livers. Additional control (n = 6) and CCl(4)-cirrhotic (n = 10) rats were treated with apocynin (a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor) or its vehicle. Mean arterial pressure, portal pressure, and superior mesenteric arterial blood flow were measured in vivo. Moreover, hepatic endothelial function was evaluated in isolated and perfused rat livers by dose-response curves to acetylcholine. In addition, in 6 control and 6 cirrhotic human livers NADPH-oxidase activity and expression were evaluated. RESULTS Rat cirrhotic livers had no increased NADPH-oxidase protein expression or activity in relation to control livers. NADPH-oxidase inhibition did not modify splanchnic or systemic hemodynamics in control or cirrhotic rats and did not improve the impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatory response to acetylcholine of cirrhotic livers. Human cirrhotic livers also did not exhibit increased NADPH-oxidase expression or activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that NADPH-oxidase activity is decreased in the cirrhotic livers and therefore cannot explain increased hepatic O(2)(-), endothelial dysfunction, and increased vascular tone in cirrhotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gracia-Sancho
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Ciberehd and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Gracia-Sancho J, Laviña B, Rodríguez-Vilarrupla A, García-Calderó H, Bosch J, García-Pagán JC. Enhanced vasoconstrictor prostanoid production by sinusoidal endothelial cells increases portal perfusion pressure in cirrhotic rat livers. J Hepatol 2007; 47:220-7. [PMID: 17459512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is overexpressed in sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) of cirrhotic rat livers, and through an enhanced production of vasoconstrictor prostanoids contributes to increase intrahepatic resistance. Our study was aimed at investigating the role of enhanced AA bioavailability modulating the hepatic vascular tone of cirrhotic livers and identifying which prostanoid is involved. METHODS SEC isolated from control and cirrhotic rat livers were incubated with AA, methoxamine or vehicle. TXA(2) was quantified. In addition, portal perfusion pressure (PP) response curves to AA were performed in rat livers pre-incubated with vehicle, SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), Furegrelate (inhibitor of TXA(2) synthesis) and SQ-29548 (PGH(2)/TXA(2) receptor blocker). cPLA2 activity was determined in control and cirrhotic livers. RESULTS AA and methoxamine incubation promoted a significant increase in TXA(2) release by Cirrhotic-SEC, but not in Control-SEC. AA produced a dose-dependent increase in the PP, associated with increased TXA(2) release. These responses were significantly greater in cirrhotic livers. COX-1 inhibition and PGH(2)/TXA(2) receptor blockade, but not TXA(2) synthase inhibition, markedly attenuated the PP response to AA of cirrhotic livers. Additionally, cirrhotic livers exhibited significantly increased cPLA2 activity. CONCLUSIONS An enhanced production of vasoconstrictor prostanoids, probably PGH(2), by SEC contributes to increase vascular tone of cirrhotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gracia-Sancho
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IMDIM, Hospital Clínic, Ciberehd and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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