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Prêle CM, Iosifidis T, McAnulty RJ, Pearce DR, Badrian B, Miles T, Jamieson SE, Ernst M, Thompson PJ, Laurent GJ, Knight DA, Mutsaers SE. Reduced SOCS1 Expression in Lung Fibroblasts from Patients with IPF Is Not Mediated by Promoter Methylation or Mir155. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050498. [PMID: 33946612 PMCID: PMC8147237 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines and exaggerated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling is implicated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis, but the mechanisms regulating STAT3 expression and function are unknown. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 block STAT3, and low SOCS1 levels have been reported in IPF fibroblasts and shown to facilitate collagen production. Fibroblasts and lung tissue from IPF patients and controls were used to examine the mechanisms underlying SOCS1 down-regulation in IPF. A significant reduction in basal SOCS1 mRNA in IPF fibroblasts was confirmed. However, there was no difference in the kinetics of activation, and methylation of SOCS1 in control and IPF lung fibroblasts was low and unaffected by 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine’ treatment. SOCS1 is a target of microRNA-155 and although microRNA-155 levels were increased in IPF tissue, they were reduced in IPF fibroblasts. Therefore, SOCS1 is not regulated by SOCS1 gene methylation or microRNA155 in these cells. In conclusion, we confirmed that IPF fibroblasts had lower levels of SOCS1 mRNA compared with control fibroblasts, but we were unable to determine the mechanism. Furthermore, although SOCS1 may be important in the fibrotic process, we were unable to find a significant role for SOCS1 in regulating fibroblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M. Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia; (C.M.P.); (T.I.); (B.B.); (T.M.); (P.J.T.); (G.J.L.)
- Centre for Respiratory Health and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia; (C.M.P.); (T.I.); (B.B.); (T.M.); (P.J.T.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Robin J. McAnulty
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Rayne Institute, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK; (R.J.M.); (D.R.P.)
| | - David R. Pearce
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Rayne Institute, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK; (R.J.M.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Bahareh Badrian
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia; (C.M.P.); (T.I.); (B.B.); (T.M.); (P.J.T.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Tylah Miles
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia; (C.M.P.); (T.I.); (B.B.); (T.M.); (P.J.T.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Sarra E. Jamieson
- Telethon Kids Institute and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
| | - Philip J. Thompson
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia; (C.M.P.); (T.I.); (B.B.); (T.M.); (P.J.T.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Geoffrey J. Laurent
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia; (C.M.P.); (T.I.); (B.B.); (T.M.); (P.J.T.); (G.J.L.)
- Centre for Respiratory Health and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Darryl A. Knight
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y5, Canada;
| | - Steven E. Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia; (C.M.P.); (T.I.); (B.B.); (T.M.); (P.J.T.); (G.J.L.)
- Centre for Respiratory Health and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedland, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)8-6151-0891; Fax: +61-(0)8-6151-1027
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Birnie KA, Prêle CM, Thompson PJ, Badrian B, Mutsaers SE. Targeting microRNA to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78193-78207. [PMID: 29100460 PMCID: PMC5652849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive and often fatal cancer associated with asbestos exposure. The disease originates in the mesothelial lining of the serosal cavities, most commonly affecting the pleura. Survival rates are low as diagnosis often occurs at an advanced stage and current treatments are limited. Identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for mesothelioma remains a priority, particularly for the new wave of victims exposed to asbestos through do-it-yourself renovations and in countries where asbestos is still mined and used. Recent advances have demonstrated a biological role for the small but powerful gene regulators microRNA (miRNA) in mesothelioma. A number of potential therapeutic targets have been identified. MiRNA have also become popular as potential biomarkers for mesothelioma due to their stable expression in bodily fluid and tissues. In this review, we highlight the current challenges associated with the diagnosis and treatment of mesothelioma and discuss how targeting miRNA may improve diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Birnie
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip J Thompson
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bahareh Badrian
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Birnie KA, Yip YY, Ng DCH, Kirschner MB, Reid G, Prêle CM, Musk AWB, Lee YCG, Thompson PJ, Mutsaers SE, Badrian B. Loss of miR-223 and JNK Signaling Contribute to Elevated Stathmin in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1106-18. [PMID: 25824152 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is often fatal, and studies have revealed that aberrant miRNAs contribute to MPM development and aggressiveness. Here, a screen of miRNAs identified reduced levels of miR-223 in MPM patient specimens. Interestingly, miR-223 targets Stathmin (STMN1), a microtubule regulator that has been associated with MPM. However, whether miR-223 regulates STMN1 in MPM and the functions of miR-223 and STMN1 in this disease are yet to be determined. STMN1 is also regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, but whether this occurs in MPM and whether miR-223 plays a role are unknown. The relationship between STMN1, miR-223, and JNK was assessed using MPM cell lines, cells from pleural effusions, and MPM tissue. Evidence indicates that miR-223 is decreased in all MPM tissue compared with normal/healthy tissue. Conversely, STMN1 expression was higher in MPM cell lines when compared with primary mesothelial cell controls. Following overexpression of miR-223 in MPM cell lines, STMN1 levels were reduced, cell motility was inhibited, and tubulin acetylation induced. Knockdown of STMN1 using siRNAs led to inhibition of MPM cell proliferation and motility. Finally, miR-223 levels increased while STMN1 was reduced following the re-expression of the JNK isoforms in JNK-null murine embryonic fibroblasts, and STMN1 was reduced in MPM cell lines following the activation of JNK signaling. IMPLICATIONS miR-223 regulates STMN1 in MPM, and both are in turn regulated by the JNK signaling pathway. As such, miR-223 and STMN1 play an important role in regulating MPM cell motility and may be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Birnie
- Institute for Respiratory Health and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Yan Y Yip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dominic C H Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michaela B Kirschner
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Arthur W Bill Musk
- Occupational Respiratory Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y C Gary Lee
- Institute for Respiratory Health and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip J Thompson
- Institute for Respiratory Health and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bahareh Badrian
- Institute for Respiratory Health and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Ng DCH, Ng IHW, Yeap YYC, Badrian B, Tsoutsman T, McMullen JR, Semsarian C, Bogoyevitch MA. Opposing actions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in regulating microtubule stabilization during cardiac hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1576-87. [PMID: 21056972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive proliferation and stabilization of the microtubule (MT) array in cardiac myocytes can accompany pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but the molecular control of these changes remains poorly characterized. In this study, we examined MT stabilization in two independent murine models of heart failure and revealed increases in the levels of post-translationally modified stable MTs, which were closely associated with STAT3 activation. To explore the molecular signaling events contributing to control of the cardiac MT network, we stimulated cardiac myocytes with an α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE), and observed increased tubulin content without changes in detyrosinated (glu-tubulin) stable MTs. In contrast, the hypertrophic interleukin-6 (IL6) family cytokines increased both the glu-tubulin content and glu-MT density. When we examined a role for ERK in regulating cardiac MTs, we showed that the MEK/ERK-inhibitor U0126 increased glu-MT density in either control cardiac myocytes or following exposure to hypertrophic agents. Conversely, expression of an activated MEK1 mutant reduced glu-tubulin levels. Thus, ERK signaling antagonizes stabilization of the cardiac MT array. In contrast, inhibiting either JAK2 with AG490, or STAT3 signaling with Stattic or siRNA knockdown, blocked cytokine-stimulated increases in glu-MT density. Furthermore, the expression of a constitutively active STAT3 mutant triggered increased glu-MT density in the absence of hypertrophic stimulation. Thus, STAT3 activation contributes substantially to cytokine-stimulated glu-MT changes. Taken together, our results highlight the opposing actions of STAT3 and ERK pathways in the regulation of MT changes associated with cardiac myocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C H Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its multiple forms, such as enhanced GFP (EGFP), have been widely used as marker proteins and for tracking purposes in many biological systems, including the heart and cardiac cell systems. Despite some concerns on its toxicity under certain circumstances, GFP remains amongst the most reliable and easy-to-use markers available. Using rat full genome DNA microarrays, we have investigated the broader consequences of adenoviral-driven GFP expression in cardiac myocytes. In our transcriptional profiling analysis, we set a threshold of a twofold change. We removed possible changes resulting from adenoviral infection by comparison with transcriptional profiles of cardiac myocytes with adenoviral-driven expression of an unrelated protein, the kinase MEK. Our analysis revealed changes in the expression of 212 genes. Of these genes, 174 were upregulated and 38 were downregulated following GFP expression. Many of these genes remain unannotated, but an evaluation of those with described functions for their resulting proteins indicated that many were involved in processes, including responses to stimuli/stress and signal transduction. Our analysis thus indicates the broader consequences of GFP expression in altering gene expression profiles in cardiac cells. Care should therefore be taken when using GFP expression as a control in gene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Badrian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Badrian B, Bogoyevitch MA. Gene expression profiling reveals complex changes following MEK-EE expression in cardiac myocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 39:349-65. [PMID: 17035067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 08/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the MEK/ERK pathway has been implicated in the proliferative growth of many tissues, however in the heart it has been linked with hypertrophic growth of the individual cardiac myocytes. We have explored the transcriptional consequences of prolonged ERK1/2 activation in cardiac myocytes following the adenoviral overexpression of a constitutively active form of MEK, MEK-EE. Analysis of microarray data obtained using full rat genome arrays showed >2000 gene expression changes in response to MEK-EE overexpression for 24h. We observed similar numbers of genes upregulated and downregulated. The genes were involved in diverse processes including cell structure, metabolism and intracellular signalling. There were also changes in the pro- and ani-apoptotic genes as well as downregulation of the antioxidant enzymes, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase and thioredoxin 2. Our results reveal the complexity of transcriptional changes that follow the activation of the ERK signalling pathway in these cells and suggest that activation of this MAPK pathway impinges on diverse cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Badrian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Badrian B, Casey TM, Lai MC, Rakoczy PE, Arthur PG, Bogoyevitch MA. Contrasting actions of prolonged mitogen-activated protein kinase activation on cell survival. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:843-50. [PMID: 16701555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway has been implicated in pro-survival and cellular protective mechanisms, so that chronic ERK activation may be a useful therapeutic strategy. Here, we further explored the consequences of prolonged ERK activation following expression of constitutively active form of MEK, MEK-EE, in cardiac myocytes. We confirmed that chronic MEK-EE overexpression halved myocyte death following glucose deprivation, but surprisingly this was not associated with preserved intracellular ATP levels. Whilst activities of a number of antioxidant enzymes were not altered upon MEK-EE expression, paradoxically Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity was almost halved upon MEK-EE expression. When we then exposed myocytes to the superoxide generator menadione, we observed significantly higher death of MEK-EE expressing myocytes. Pre-incubation with U0126 inhibited menadione-induced death. Our results are the first to show that MEK-ERK signalling can act to increase or decrease cell survival, the outcome depending on the form of stress stimulus encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Badrian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Western Australia (UWA), and Lions Eye Institute, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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