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Reduced myeloid commitment and increased uptake by macrophages of stem cell-derived HPS2 neutrophils. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302263. [PMID: 38238087 PMCID: PMC10796564 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, caused by mutations in the AP3B1 gene, encoding the β3A subunit of the adapter protein complex 3. This results in mis-sorting of proteins within the cell. A clinical feature of HPS2 is severe neutropenia. Current HPS2 animal models do not recapitulate the human disease. Hence, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of an HPS2 patient to study granulopoiesis. Development into CD15POS cells was reduced, but HPS2-derived CD15POS cells differentiated into segmented CD11b+CD16hi neutrophils. These HPS2 neutrophils phenocopied their circulating counterparts showing increased CD63 expression, impaired degranulation capacity, and intact NADPH oxidase activity. Most noticeable was the decrease in neutrophil yield during the final days of HPS2 iPSC cultures. Although neutrophil viability was normal, CD15NEG macrophages were readily phagocytosing neutrophils, contributing to the limited neutrophil output in HPS2. In this iPSC model, HPS2 neutrophil development is affected by a slower rate of development and by macrophage-mediated clearance during neutrophil maturation.
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Targeted pseudouridylation: An approach for suppressing nonsense mutations in disease genes. Mol Cell 2023; 83:637-651.e9. [PMID: 36764303 PMCID: PMC9975048 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense mutations create premature termination codons (PTCs), activating the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway to degrade most PTC-containing mRNAs. The undegraded mRNA is translated, but translation terminates at the PTC, leading to no production of the full-length protein. This work presents targeted PTC pseudouridylation, an approach for nonsense suppression in human cells. Specifically, an artificial box H/ACA guide RNA designed to target the mRNA PTC can suppress both NMD and premature translation termination in various sequence contexts. Targeted pseudouridylation exhibits a level of suppression comparable with that of aminoglycoside antibiotic treatments. When targeted pseudouridylation is combined with antibiotic treatment, a much higher level of suppression is observed. Transfection of a disease model cell line (carrying a chromosomal PTC) with a designer guide RNA gene targeting the PTC also leads to nonsense suppression. Thus, targeted pseudouridylation is an RNA-directed gene-specific approach that suppresses NMD and concurrently promotes PTC readthrough.
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Thrombotischer Verschluss der extrakorporalen Zirkulation während hepatischer Chemosaturation trotz zielgerechter Antikoagulation. DIE ANAESTHESIOLOGIE 2022; 71:852-857. [PMID: 35925192 PMCID: PMC9636113 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-022-01175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Die perkutane hepatische Chemosaturation ist eine Behandlungsoption bei nichtresektablen primären oder sekundären Lebertumoren. Dabei wird der Bereich der Lebervenenmündung der Vena cava inferior (VCI) mittels 2 Ballons von der Zirkulation isoliert, sodass die systemische Verteilung des über die Leberarterie applizierten Chemotherapeutikums Melphalan verhindert wird. Nach Passage der Leber und venöser Drainage aus der retrohepatischen VCI durchläuft das chemosaturierte Blut 2 parallel geschaltete extrakorporale Filter. Anschließend wird das gereinigte Blut jugulär rückgeführt. Das Verfahren geht oft mit einer ausgeprägten hämodynamischen Instabilität einher, deren Ursache nicht abschließend geklärt ist. Zusätzlich stellt das Gerinnungsmanagement eine Herausforderung dar. Die Autoren berichten von einem Fall, bei dem sich trotz ausreichender „activated clotting time“ (ACT) ein Thrombus im rückführenden Schenkel der extrakorporalen Zirkulation bildete. Gezielte Problemsuche und -lösung waren parallel zur hämodynamischen Stabilisierung und interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit notwendig, um die Intervention erfolgreich durchzuführen und der Patientin eine sichere Therapie zukommen zu lassen.
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Cancer cells resist antibody-mediated destruction by neutrophils through activation of the exocyst complex. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004820. [PMID: 35728876 PMCID: PMC9214435 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils kill antibody-opsonized tumor cells using trogocytosis, a unique mechanism of destruction of the target plasma. This previously unknown cytotoxic process of neutrophils is dependent on antibody opsonization, Fcγ receptors and CD11b/CD18 integrins. Here, we demonstrate that tumor cells can escape neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity by calcium (Ca2+)-dependent and exocyst complex-dependent plasma membrane repair. METHODS We knocked down EXOC7 or EXOC4, two exocyst components, to evaluate their involvement in tumor cell membrane repair after neutrophil-induced trogocytosis. We used live cell microscopy and flow cytometry for visualization of the host and tumor cell interaction and tumor cell membrane repair. Last, we reported the mRNA levels of exocyst in breast cancer tumors in correlation to the response in trastuzumab-treated patients. RESULTS We found that tumor cells can evade neutrophil antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by Ca2+-dependent cell membrane repair, a process induced upon neutrophil trogocytosis. Absence of exocyst components EXOC7 or EXOC4 rendered tumor cells vulnerable to neutrophil-mediated ADCC (but not natural killer cell-mediated killing), while neutrophil trogocytosis remained unaltered. Finally, mRNA levels of exocyst components in trastuzumab-treated patients were inversely correlated to complete response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that neutrophil attack towards antibody-opsonized cancer cells by trogocytosis induces an active repair process by the exocyst complex in vitro. Our findings provide insight to the possible contribution of neutrophils in current antibody therapies and the tolerance mechanism of tumor cells and support further studies for potential use of the exocyst components as clinical biomarkers.
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G-CSF as a suitable alternative to GM-CSF to boost dinutuximab-mediated neutrophil cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma treatment. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002259. [PMID: 34049929 PMCID: PMC8166600 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current immunotherapy for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma involves the therapeutic antibody dinutuximab that targets GD2, a ganglioside expressed on the majority of neuroblastoma tumors. Opsonized tumor cells are killed through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a process mediated by various immune cells, including neutrophils. The capacity of neutrophils to kill dinutuximab-opsonized tumor cells can be further enhanced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which has been shown in the past to improve responses to anti-GD2 immunotherapy. However, access to GM-CSF (sargramostim) is limited outside of Northern America, creating a high clinical need for an alternative method to stimulate dinutuximab responsiveness in the treatment of neuroblastoma. In this in vitro study, we have investigated whether clinically well-established granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can be a potentially suitable alternative for GM-CSF in the dinutuximab immunotherapy regimen of patients with neuroblastoma. METHODS We compared the capacity of neutrophils stimulated either in vitro or in vivo with GM-CSF or G-CSF to kill dinutuximab-opsonized GD2-positive neuroblastoma cell lines and primary patient tumor material. Blocking experiments with antibodies inhibiting either respective Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) or neutrophil integrin CD11b/CD18 demonstrated the involvement of these receptors in the process of ADCC. Flow cytometry and live cell microscopy were used to quantify and visualize neutrophil-neuroblastoma interactions. RESULTS We found that G-CSF was as potent as GM-CSF in enhancing the killing capacity of neutrophils towards neuroblastoma cells. This was observed with in vitro stimulated neutrophils, and with in vivo stimulated neutrophils from both patients with neuroblastoma and healthy donors. Enhanced killing due to GM-CSF or G-CSF stimulation was consistent regardless of dinutuximab concentration, tumor-to-neutrophil ratio and concentration of the stimulating cytokine. Both GM-CSF and G-CSF stimulated neutrophils required FcγRIIa and CD11b/CD18 integrin to perform ADCC, and this was accompanied by trogocytosis of tumor material by neutrophils and tumor cell death in both stimulation conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical data support the use of G-CSF as an alternative stimulating cytokine to GM-CSF in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with dinutuximab, warranting further testing of G-CSF in a clinical setting.
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Toxic epidermal necrolysis-like acute cutaneous graft-versus-host disease in a stem cell recipient - a diagnostic dilemma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e585-e587. [PMID: 33914967 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double stranded RNA. Human ADARs can be directed to predetermined target sites in the transcriptome by complementary guide strands, allowing for the correction of disease-causing mutations at the RNA level. Here we use structural information available for ADAR2-RNA complexes to guide the design of nucleoside analogs for the position in the guide strand that contacts a conserved glutamic acid residue in ADARs (E488 in human ADAR2), which flips the adenosine into the ADAR active site for deamination. Mutating this residue to glutamine (E488Q) results in higher activity because of the hydrogen bond donating ability of Q488 to N3 of the orphan cytidine on the guide strand. We describe the evaluation of cytidine analogs for this position that stabilize an activated conformation of the enzyme-RNA complex and increase catalytic rate for deamination by the wild-type enzyme. A new crystal structure of ADAR2 bound to duplex RNA bearing a cytidine analog revealed a close contact between E488, stabilized by an additional hydrogen bond and altered charge distribution when compared to cytidine. In human cells and mouse primary liver fibroblasts, this single nucleotide modification increased directed editing yields when compared to an otherwise identical guide oligonucleotide. Our results show that modification of the guide RNA can mimic the effect of hyperactive mutants and advance the approach of recruiting endogenous ADARs for site-directed RNA editing.
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Testicular immune cell populations and macrophage polarisation in adult male mice and the influence of altered activin A levels. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103204. [PMID: 33130539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed morphological characterization of testicular leukocytes in the adult CX3CR1 gfp/+ transgenic mouse identified two distinct CX3CR1 + mononuclear phagocyte (macrophage and dendritic cell) populations: stellate/dendriform cells opposed to the seminiferous tubules (peritubular), and polygonal cells associated with Leydig cells (interstitial). Using confocal microscopy combined with stereological enumeration of CX3CR1gfp/+ cells established that there were twice as many interstitial cells (68%) as peritubular cells (32%). Flow cytometric analyses of interstitial cells from mechanically-dissociated testes identified multiple mononuclear phagocyte subsets based on surface marker expression (CX3CR1, F4/80, CD11c). These cells comprised 80% of total intratesticular leukocytes, as identified by CD45 expression. The remaining leukocytes were CD3+ (T lymphocytes) and NK1.1+ (natural killer cells). Functional phenotype assessment using CD206 (an anti-inflammatory/M2 marker) and MHC class II (an activation marker) identified a potentially tolerogenic CD206+MHCII+ sub-population (12% of total CD45+ cells). Rare testicular subsets of CX3CR1 +CD11c+F4/80+ (4.3%) mononuclear phagocytes and CD3+NK1.1+ (3.1%) lymphocytes were also identified for the first time. In order to examine the potential for the immunoregulatory cytokine, activin A to modulate testicular immune cell populations, testes from adult mice with reduced activin A (Inhba+/-) or elevated activin A (Inha+/-) were assessed using flow cytometry. Although the proportion of F4/80+CD11b+ leukocytes (macrophages) was not affected, the frequency of CD206+MHCII+cells was significantly lower and CD206+MHCII- correspondingly higher in Inha+/- testes. This shift in expression of MHCII in CD206+ macrophages indicates that changes in circulating and/or local activin A influence resident macrophage activation and phenotype and, therefore, the immunological environment of the testis.
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The Parent and Toddler Training Project for Visually Impaired and Blind Multihandicapped Children. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x8808200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous clinical reports have shown that many families with visually impaired or blind multihandicapped children have problems of social and emotional adjustment and that the development of seriously handicapped children is enhanced by early intervention. This article describes the Parent and Toddler Training (PATT) Project—research-based early intervention program—that serves visually impaired and blind multihandicapped infants and toddlers and their families. The purpose of this project is to 1) increase the social responsiveness of handicapped infants, 2) implement a psychoeducational intervention program to develop adequate parenting skills, 3) initiate specific treatment approaches with parents to reduce psychological distress and improve the quality of family life, and 4) collect quantifiable data that permit the assessment of the progress of all participants.
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Impairments in episodic future thinking for positive events and anticipatory pleasure in major depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:536-543. [PMID: 31539690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristic of the cardinal symptom of anhedonia, people with clinical depression report lower levels of anticipatory pleasure. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying these deficits are poorly understood. This is the first study to assess whether, and to what extent, phenomenological characteristics of episodic future thinking for positive future events are associated with anticipatory pleasure among depressed individuals. METHODS Individuals with a Major Depressive Episode (MDE; N = 117) and without (N = 47) completed ratings scales for depressive symptoms and trait anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. They then provided descriptions of personally-relevant positive future events and rated them for phenomenological characteristics and state anticipatory pleasure. RESULTS Between-groups analysis showed that those with MDE reported lower trait anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. They also simulated future events with less specificity, less detail/vividness, less use of mental imagery, less use of first-person perspective, less plausibility/perceived likelihood of occurring, and reported less associated state anticipatory pleasure. In regression analyses in the depressed group, lower scores for detail/vividness, mental imagery, and personal significance all uniquely predicted lower state anticipatory pleasure. LIMITATIONS Cognitive functioning was not assessed, which may help clarify deficits that underpin these findings. History of previous depressive episodes in the comparison group were not assessed, which may mean the observed between-group effects are underestimated. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence of deficits in episodic future thinking and anticipatory pleasure in depressed individuals. It also establishes links between particular characteristics of episodic future thinking and state anticipatory pleasure, and indicates cognitive targets that may be amenable to intervention in order to reduce anhedonia.
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Abstract
Abstract
We compared the modes of action of human pancreatic, human salivary, and porcine pancreatic amylases on Cibachron Blue F3GA-amylose. Both human enzymes showed similar catalytic activity with almost equal Vmax but dissimilar apparent Km's. The ratios of soluble dyed oligosaccharides to reducing substances were identical. Porcine pancreatic amylase exhibited less than half the Vmax of the human enzymes and a smaller apparent Km. Reducing substances were formed faster than were the soluble dyed products. These differences in amylolytic action can be explained by differences in the degree of the “multiple attack" mechanism. Introduction of dye substituents into the amylose molecule did not alter the substrate characteristics of amylose toward human serum amylase.
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Efectos del aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus cargado en nanoemulsiones y en nanocápsulas en la reproducción de la garrapata bovina (Rhipicephalus microplus). ARCHIVOS DE ZOOTECNIA 2018. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v0i0.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
La infestación por garrapatas (Rhipicephalus microplus), genera importantes pérdidas en la producción bovina. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si el aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus en diferentes nanosistemas (nanoemulsiones y nanocápsulas) es capaz de potenciar el efecto negativo sobre la reproducción de la garrapata, interfiriendo en su oviposición y eclosión de los huevos. Las hembras engordadas de R. microplus se obtuvieron de vacas naturalmente infestadas. En condiciones experimentales, estas hembras fueron sumergidas en soluciones de ensayo a concentraciones de 1, 5 y 10%, conteniendo aceite esencial puro de eucalipto; Y soluciones de la misma en nanocápsulas y nanoemulsiones, a concentraciones de 0,5, 1 y 5%. Las pruebas con aceite esencial de eucalipto puro, a concentraciones de 5 y 10%, mostraron 85 y 97,8% de eficacia, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el aceite encapsulado no fue capaz de potenciar el efecto carrapaticida, presentando 61,2% y 50% de eficacia (al 5%), utilizando nanoemulsiones y nanocápsulas. Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados nos permitieron concluir que el aceite esencial de E. globulus, en su forma pura, interfería negativamente en la reproducción de R. microplus; Sin embargo, las formas nanoestructuradas tenían baja eficacia.
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Imaging features and safety and efficacy of endovascular stroke treatment: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:895-904. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brooklyn College Nutrition Clinic: Nutrition Outreach and Education. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Erratum to "Perception, culture, and science: A framework to identify in-home heating options to improve indoor air quality in the Navajo Nation" [Sci. Total Environ. 580(2017) 297-306]. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1656. [PMID: 29499922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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781 SMARCAD1 haploinsufficiency underlies Huriez Syndrome and associated skin cancer susceptibility. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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The Expression of Pattern-Recognition Receptors Is Diminished after Paediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Increased 48 Hours Later. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA. LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2018; 21:3. [PMID: 29725242 PMCID: PMC5920066 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and [Formula: see text] credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5-[Formula: see text] requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of [Formula: see text] of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
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Effect of general anaesthesia on functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation ischaemic stroke having endovascular thrombectomy versus standard care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Search for high-energy neutrinos from gravitational wave event GW151226 and candidate LVT151012 with ANTARES and IceCube. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.022005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OTOTOXIC MEDICATION USE AMONG OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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An in vitro model demonstrates the potential of neoplastic human germ cells to influence the tumour microenvironment. Andrology 2017; 5:763-770. [PMID: 28544640 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) typically contain high numbers of infiltrating immune cells, yet the functional nature and consequences of interactions between GCNIS (germ cell neoplasia in situ) or seminoma cells and immune cells remain unknown. A co-culture model using the seminoma-derived TCam-2 cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 7 healthy donors) was established to investigate how tumour and immune cells each contribute to the cytokine microenvironment associated with TGCT. Three different co-culture approaches were employed: direct contact during culture to simulate in situ cellular interactions occurring within seminomas (n = 9); indirect contact using well inserts to mimic GCNIS, in which a basement membrane separates the neoplastic germ cells and immune cells (n = 3); and PBMC stimulation prior to direct contact during culture to overcome the potential lack of immune cell activation (n = 3). Transcript levels for key cytokines in PBMC and TCam-2 cell fractions were determined using RT-qPCR. TCam-2 cell fractions showed an immediate increase (within 24 h) in several cytokine mRNAs after direct contact with PBMC, whereas immune cell fractions did not. The high levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) mRNA and protein associated with TCam-2 cells implicate this cytokine as important to seminoma physiology. Use of PBMCs from different donors revealed a robust, repeatable pattern of changes in TCam-2 and PBMC cytokine mRNAs, independent of potential inter-donor variation in immune cell responsiveness. This in vitro model recapitulated previous data from clinical TGCT biopsies, revealing similar cytokine expression profiles and indicating its suitability for exploring the in vivo circumstances of TGCT. Despite the limitations of using a cell line to mimic in vivo events, these results indicate how neoplastic germ cells can directly shape the surrounding tumour microenvironment, including by influencing local immune responses. IL6 production by seminoma cells may be a practical target for early diagnosis and/or treatment of TGCT.
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e-TC: Development and pilot testing of a web-based intervention to reduce anxiety and depression in survivors of testicular cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 26. [PMID: 28544085 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
e-TC is an online intervention designed to address common psychosocial concerns of testicular cancer survivors. It aims to reduce anxiety, depression and fear of cancer recurrence by providing evidence-based information and psychological intervention. This paper details the development and pilot testing of e-TC. During pilot testing, 25 men (with varying psychological profiles) who had completed treatment for testicular cancer, 6 months to 5 years ago (which had not recurred), used e-TC over a 10-week period and provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on the feasibility and acceptability of the programme. Six men also completed a qualitative interview to provide detailed feedback on their experiences using e-TC. Fourteen men (56%) completed at least 80% of the programme. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the programme. Men's limited time was a barrier to programme use and completion, and participants suggested that men with a more recent diagnosis and a higher level of distress may be more likely to engage with the programme. e-TC appears to be a feasible and acceptable online intervention for survivors of testicular cancer. Findings from this study are currently being used to refine e-TC and guide the design of a larger efficacy study.
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Placental HPV infection – a potential risk factor for HELLP syndrome? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:121101. [PMID: 28388180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.121101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of astrophysical and cosmological sources are expected to contribute to a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Following the observations of GW150914 and GW151226, the rate and mass of coalescing binary black holes appear to be greater than many previous expectations. As a result, the stochastic background from unresolved compact binary coalescences is expected to be particularly loud. We perform a search for the isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background using data from Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory's (aLIGO) first observing run. The data display no evidence of a stochastic gravitational-wave signal. We constrain the dimensionless energy density of gravitational waves to be Ω_{0}<1.7×10^{-7} with 95% confidence, assuming a flat energy density spectrum in the most sensitive part of the LIGO band (20-86 Hz). This is a factor of ∼33 times more sensitive than previous measurements. We also constrain arbitrary power-law spectra. Finally, we investigate the implications of this search for the background of binary black holes using an astrophysical model for the background.
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Directional Limits on Persistent Gravitational Waves from Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:121102. [PMID: 28388200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We employ gravitational-wave radiometry to map the stochastic gravitational wave background expected from a variety of contributing mechanisms and test the assumption of isotropy using data from the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory's (aLIGO) first observing run. We also search for persistent gravitational waves from point sources with only minimal assumptions over the 20-1726 Hz frequency band. Finding no evidence of gravitational waves from either point sources or a stochastic background, we set limits at 90% confidence. For broadband point sources, we report upper limits on the gravitational wave energy flux per unit frequency in the range F_{α,Θ}(f)<(0.1-56)×10^{-8} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1} Hz^{-1}(f/25 Hz)^{α-1} depending on the sky location Θ and the spectral power index α. For extended sources, we report upper limits on the fractional gravitational wave energy density required to close the Universe of Ω(f,Θ)<(0.39-7.6)×10^{-8} sr^{-1}(f/25 Hz)^{α} depending on Θ and α. Directed searches for narrowband gravitational waves from astrophysically interesting objects (Scorpius X-1, Supernova 1987 A, and the Galactic Center) yield median frequency-dependent limits on strain amplitude of h_{0}<(6.7,5.5, and 7.0)×10^{-25}, respectively, at the most sensitive detector frequencies between 130-175 Hz. This represents a mean improvement of a factor of 2 across the band compared to previous searches of this kind for these sky locations, considering the different quantities of strain constrained in each case.
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Perception, culture, and science: A framework to identify in-home heating options to improve indoor air quality in the Navajo Nation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:297-306. [PMID: 28011023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A 2010 study identified higher than average incidence of respiratory disease in Shiprock, NM, the largest city in the Navajo Nation. That study suggested that the potential cause was the combustion of solid fuels in in-home heating stoves and that respiratory disease could be greatly reduced by changing indoor heating behaviors and improving heating stove quality. Since the Navajo people are deeply embedded in culture and traditions that strongly influence their daily lives, a new framework was needed to identify feasible heating alternatives that could reduce the negative environmental and health impacts related to solid fuel use while respecting the culture of the Navajo people. The resulting Navajo framework included perception, cultural, and technical assessments to evaluate seven heating alternatives perceived viable by Navajo stakeholders. Cultural experts at the Diné Policy Institute identified potential cultural limitations and motivating factors for each alternative. A limited technical assessment of the health benefits of these options was conducted and integrated into the process. A parallel convergent mixed-methods approach was employed to integrate qualitative and quantitative results. The results and framework developed and presented here may be useful for decision makers in communities heavily reliant on solid fuels for heat, especially Native Nations, where culture plays an important role in the success of any intervention.
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Dynamics of Pattern-Recognition Receptors in the Systemic Inflammatory Response to Paediatric Heart Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1599033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The multitype continuous-time Markov branching process has many biological applications where the environmental factors vary in a periodic manner. Circadian or diurnal rhythms in cell kinetics are an important example. It is shown that in the supercritical positively regular case the proportions of individuals of various types converge in probability to a non-random periodic vector, independent of the initial conditions, while the absolute numbers of individuals of various types converge in probability to that vector multiplied by a random variable whose distribution depends on the initial conditions. It is noted that the proofs are straightforward extensions of the well-known results for a constant environment.
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GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:241103. [PMID: 27367379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.241103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of two stellar-mass black holes. The signal, GW151226, was observed by the twin detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) on December 26, 2015 at 03:38:53 UTC. The signal was initially identified within 70 s by an online matched-filter search targeting binary coalescences. Subsequent off-line analyses recovered GW151226 with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a significance greater than 5σ. The signal persisted in the LIGO frequency band for approximately 1 s, increasing in frequency and amplitude over about 55 cycles from 35 to 450 Hz, and reached a peak gravitational strain of 3.4_{-0.9}^{+0.7}×10^{-22}. The inferred source-frame initial black hole masses are 14.2_{-3.7}^{+8.3}M_{⊙} and 7.5_{-2.3}^{+2.3}M_{⊙}, and the final black hole mass is 20.8_{-1.7}^{+6.1}M_{⊙}. We find that at least one of the component black holes has spin greater than 0.2. This source is located at a luminosity distance of 440_{-190}^{+180} Mpc corresponding to a redshift of 0.09_{-0.04}^{+0.03}. All uncertainties define a 90% credible interval. This second gravitational-wave observation provides improved constraints on stellar populations and on deviations from general relativity.
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Outcome After Thrombectomy and Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:1584-92. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.012619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
In patients with ischemic stroke, randomized trials showed a better functional outcome after endovascular therapy with new-generation thrombectomy devices compared with medical treatment, including intravenous thrombolysis. However, effects on mortality and the generalizability of results to routine clinical practice are uncertain.
Methods—
In a prospective observational register-based study patients with ischemic stroke treated either with thrombectomy, intravenous thrombolysis, or their combination were included. Primary outcome was the modified Rankin scale score (0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]) at 3 months. Ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate the common odds ratio as treatment effects (shift analysis). Propensity score matching was applied to compare patients treated either with intravenous thrombolysis alone or with intravenous thrombolysis plus thrombectomy.
Results—
Among 2650 recruited patients, 1543 received intravenous thrombolysis, 504 underwent thrombectomy, and 603 received intravenous thrombolysis in combination with thrombectomy. Later time-to-treatment was associated with worse outcomes among patients treated with thrombectomy plus thrombolysis. In 241 pairs of propensity score–matched patients with a proximal intracranial occlusion, thrombectomy plus thrombolysis was associated with improved functional outcome (common odds ratio, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–2.57), and reduced mortality (15% versus 33%;
P
<0.0001) compared with intravenous thrombolysis alone. Results were similar in various sensitivity analyses accounting for missing outcome data and different analytic methods.
Conclusions—
Results from this large prospective registry show that also in routine clinical care thrombectomy plus thrombolysis compared with thrombolysis alone improved functional outcome and reduced mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. Earlier treatment was associated with better outcomes.
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Abstract
Mydriatic drops are routinely administered to premature neonates to screen for retinopathy of prematurity. Adverse anticholinergic side effects, particularly convulsions and tachycardia have been reported in the pediatric age group following instillation of mydriatics for diagnostic fundus examination [1, 2]. Caffeine is frequently used for apnea of prematurity. In the neonatal intensive care unit, the combined use of caffeine and mydriatic drops is a common practice. Here we report two cases of atrial arrhythmias after neonatal eye exam that improved with conservative management. Both patients were receiving caffeine at the time of events.
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Factors influencing extramedullary relapse after allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e341. [PMID: 26295611 PMCID: PMC4558584 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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35
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Search for dark matter, extra dimensions, and unparticles in monojet events in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2015; 75:235. [PMID: 26069461 PMCID: PMC4455910 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Results are presented from a search for particle dark matter (DM), extra dimensions, and unparticles using events containing a jet and an imbalance in transverse momentum. The data were collected by the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7[Formula: see text]at a centre-of-mass energy of 8[Formula: see text]. The number of observed events is found to be consistent with the standard model prediction. Limits are placed on the DM-nucleon scattering cross section as a function of the DM particle mass for spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions. Limits are also placed on the scale parameter [Formula: see text] in the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (ADD) model of large extra dimensions, and on the unparticle model parameter [Formula: see text]. The constraints on ADD models and unparticles are the most stringent limits in this channel and those on the DM-nucleon scattering cross section are an improvement over previous collider results.
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36
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Simultaneous multifrequency radio observations of the Galactic Centre magnetar SGR J1745−2900. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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37
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Time-dependent retinal ganglion cell loss, microglial activation and blood-retina-barrier tightness in an acute model of ocular hypertension. Exp Eye Res 2015; 136:59-71. [PMID: 26001526 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure is a well known risk factor for the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and pharmacological or surgical lowering of intraocular pressure represents a standard procedure in glaucoma treatment. However, the treatment options are limited and although lowering of intraocular pressure impedes disease progression, glaucoma cannot be cured by the currently available therapy concepts. In an acute short-term ocular hypertension model in rat, we characterize RGC loss, but also microglial cell activation and vascular alterations of the retina at certain time points. The combination of these three parameters might facilitate a better evaluation of the disease progression, and could further serve as a new model to test novel treatment strategies at certain time points. Acute ocular hypertension (OHT) was induced by the injection of magnetic microbeads into the rat anterior chamber angle (n = 22) with magnetic position control, leading to constant elevation of IOP. At certain time points post injection (4d, 7d, 10d, 14d and 21d), RGC loss, microglial activation, and microvascular pericyte (PC) coverage was analyzed using immunohistochemistry with corresponding specific markers (Brn3a, Iba1, NG2). Additionally, the tightness of the retinal vasculature was determined via injections of Texas Red labeled dextran (10 kDa) and subsequently analyzed for vascular leakage. For documentation, confocal laser-scanning microscopy was used, followed by cell counts, capillary length measurements and morphological and statistical analysis. The injection of magnetic microbeads led to a progressive loss of RGCs at the five time points investigated (20.07%, 29.52%, 41.80%, 61.40% and 76.57%). Microglial cells increased in number and displayed an activated morphology, as revealed by Iba1-positive cell number (150.23%, 175%, 429.25%,486.72% and 544.78%) and particle size analysis (205.49%, 203.37%, 412.84%, 333.37% and 299.77%) compared to contralateral control eyes. Pericyte coverage (NG2-positive PC/mm) displayed a significant reduction after 7d of OHT in central, and after 7d and 10d in peripheral retina. Despite these alterations, the tightness of the retinal vasculature remained unaltered at 14 and 21 days after OHT induction. While vascular tightness was unchanged in the course of OHT, a progressive loss of RGCs and activation of microglial cells was detected. Since a significant loss in RGCs was observed already at day 4 of experimental glaucoma, and since activated microglia peaked at day 10, we determined a time frame of 7-14 days after MB injection as potential optimum to study glaucoma mechanisms in this model.
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Diagnosing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children involved with child protection services: are current diagnostic guidelines acceptable for vulnerable populations? Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:178-85. [PMID: 24942100 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children involved with child protection services (CPS) are diagnosed and treated for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at higher rates than the general population. Children with maltreatment histories are much more likely to have other factors contributing to behavioural and attentional regulation difficulties that may overlap with or mimic ADHD-like symptoms, including language and learning problems, post-traumatic stress disorder, attachment difficulties, mood disorders and anxiety disorders. A higher number of children in the child welfare system are diagnosed with ADHD and provided with psychotropic medications under a group care setting compared with family-based, foster care and kinship care settings. However, children's behavioural trajectories change over time while in care. A reassessment in the approach to ADHD-like symptoms in children exposed to confirmed (or suspected) maltreatment (e.g. neglect, abuse) is required. Diagnosis should be conducted within a multidisciplinary team and practice guidelines regarding ADHD diagnostic and management practices for children in CPS care are warranted both in the USA and in Canada. Increased education for caregivers, teachers and child welfare staff on the effects of maltreatment and often perplexing relationship with ADHD-like symptoms and co-morbid disorders is also necessary. Increased partnerships are needed to ensure the mental well-being of children with child protection involvement.
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39
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40
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Therapist-assisted Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression and anxiety: translating evidence into clinical practice. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28:884-93. [PMID: 25445078 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This dissemination study examined the effectiveness of therapist-assisted Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy (ICBT) when offered in clinical practice. A centralized unit screened and coordinated ICBT delivered by newly trained therapists working in six geographically dispersed clinical settings. Using an open trial design, 221 patients were offered 12 modules of ICBT for symptoms of generalized anxiety (n=112), depression (n=83), or panic (n=26). At baseline, midpoint and post-treatment, patients completed self-report measures. On average, patients completed 8 of 12 modules. Latent growth curve modeling identified significant reductions in depression, anxiety, stress and impairment (d=.65-.78), and improvements in quality of life (d=.48-.66). Improvements in primary symptoms were large (d=.91-1.25). Overall, therapist-assisted ICBT was effective when coordinated across settings in clinical practice, but further attention should be given to strategies to improve completion of treatment modules.
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41
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Measurement of differential cross sections for the production of a pair of isolated photons in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2014; 74:3129. [PMID: 25814874 PMCID: PMC4371070 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of differential cross sections for the production of a pair of isolated photons in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0[Formula: see text] collected with the CMS detector. A data-driven isolation template method is used to extract the prompt diphoton yield. The measured cross section for two isolated photons, with transverse energy above 40 and 25[Formula: see text] respectively, in the pseudorapidity range [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and with an angular separation [Formula: see text], is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Differential cross sections are measured as a function of the diphoton invariant mass, the diphoton transverse momentum, the azimuthal angle difference between the two photons, and the cosine of the polar angle in the Collins-Soper reference frame of the diphoton system. The results are compared to theoretical predictions at leading, next-to-leading, and next-to-next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics.
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42
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Evidence of b-jet quenching in PbPb collisions at √(s(NN))=2.76 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:132301. [PMID: 25302881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.132301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of jets associated to bottom quarks is measured for the first time in PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair. Jet spectra are reported in the transverse momentum (p(T)) range of 80-250 GeV/c, and within pseudorapidity |η|<2. The nuclear modification factor (R(AA)) calculated from these spectra shows a strong suppression in the b-jet yield in PbPb collisions relative to the yield observed in pp collisions at the same energy. The suppression persists to the largest values of p(T) studied, and is centrality dependent. The R(AA) is about 0.4 in the most central events, similar to previous observations for inclusive jets. This implies that jet quenching does not have a strong dependence on parton mass and flavor in the jet p(T) range studied.
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43
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Angular expansion theory turned on its side. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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44
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Which way is up in the horizontal-vertical illusion? J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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45
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Can low-level features explain numerosity tuning, or do interference effects reveal how numerosity is computed? J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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46
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Measurement of jet multiplicity distributions in [Formula: see text] production in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2014; 74:3014. [PMID: 25814909 PMCID: PMC4371091 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The normalised differential top quark-antiquark production cross section is measured as a function of the jet multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7[Formula: see text] at the LHC with the CMS detector. The measurement is performed in both the dilepton and lepton+jets decay channels using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0[Formula: see text]. Using a procedure to associate jets to decay products of the top quarks, the differential cross section of the [Formula: see text] production is determined as a function of the additional jet multiplicity in the lepton+jets channel. Furthermore, the fraction of events with no additional jets is measured in the dilepton channel, as a function of the threshold on the jet transverse momentum. The measurements are compared with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics and no significant deviations are observed.
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Search for invisible decays of Higgs bosons in the vector boson fusion and associated ZH production modes. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2014; 74:2980. [PMID: 25814906 PMCID: PMC4370888 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A search for invisible decays of Higgs bosons is performed using the vector boson fusion and associated ZH production modes. In the ZH mode, the Z boson is required to decay to a pair of charged leptons or a [Formula: see text] quark pair. The searches use the 8 [Formula: see text] pp collision dataset collected by the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 19.7 [Formula: see text]. Certain channels include data from 7 [Formula: see text] collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 [Formula: see text]. The searches are sensitive to non-standard-model invisible decays of the recently observed Higgs boson, as well as additional Higgs bosons with similar production modes and large invisible branching fractions. In all channels, the observed data are consistent with the expected standard model backgrounds. Limits are set on the production cross section times invisible branching fraction, as a function of the Higgs boson mass, for the vector boson fusion and ZH production modes. By combining all channels, and assuming standard model Higgs boson cross sections and acceptances, the observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is found to be 0.58 (0.44) at 95 % confidence level. We interpret this limit in terms of a Higgs-portal model of dark matter interactions.
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48
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Role of Growth arrest-specific gene 6-Mer axis in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2014; 29:696-704. [PMID: 25102945 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a mostly incurable malignancy characterized by the expansion of a malignant plasma cell (PC) clone in the human bone marrow (BM). Myeloma cells closely interact with the BM stroma, which secretes soluble factors that foster myeloma progression and therapy resistance. Growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) is produced by BM-derived stroma cells and can promote malignancy. However, the role of Gas6 and its receptors Axl, Tyro3 and Mer (TAM receptors) in myeloma is unknown. We therefore investigated their expression in myeloma cell lines and in the BM of myeloma patients and healthy donors. Gas6 showed increased expression in sorted BMPCs of myeloma patients compared with healthy controls. The fraction of Mer(+) BMPCs was increased in myeloma patients in comparison with healthy controls whereas Axl and Tyro3 were not expressed by BMPCs in the majority of patients. Downregulation of Gas6 and Mer inhibited the proliferation of different myeloma cell lines, whereas knocking down Axl or Tyro3 had no effect. Inhibition of the Gas6 receptor Mer or therapeutic targeting of Gas6 by warfarin reduced myeloma burden and improved survival in a systemic model of myeloma. Thus, the Gas6-Mer axis represents a novel candidate for therapeutic intervention in this incurable malignancy.
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Measurement of WZ and ZZ production in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] in final states with b-tagged jets. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2014; 74:2973. [PMID: 25814904 PMCID: PMC4370898 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurements are reported of the WZ and ZZ production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] in final states where one Z boson decays to b-tagged jets. The other gauge boson, either W or Z, is detected through its leptonic decay (either [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text]). The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.9 fb[Formula: see text] collected with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measured cross sections, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are consistent with next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics calculations.
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50
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Observation of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:231802. [PMID: 24972196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.231802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The first observation of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson is presented. The analysis is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.2 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Events with two leptons and a jet originating from a b quark are selected. A multivariate analysis based on kinematic and topological properties is used to separate the signal from the dominant tt background. An excess consistent with the signal hypothesis is observed, with a significance which corresponds to 6.1 standard deviations above a background-only hypothesis. The measured production cross section is 23.4 ± 5.4 pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction.
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