DuoBody-CD3xCD20 induces potent T-cell-mediated killing of malignant B cells in preclinical models and provides opportunities for subcutaneous dosing.
EBioMedicine 2020;
52:102625. [PMID:
31981978 PMCID:
PMC6992935 DOI:
10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102625]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
DuoBody®-CD3xCD20 (GEN3013) is a full-length human IgG1 bispecific antibody (bsAb) recognizing CD3 and CD20, generated by controlled Fab-arm exchange. Its Fc domain was silenced by introduction of mutations L234F L235E D265A.
Methods
T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity were measured by flow cytometry following co-culture with tumour cells. Anti-tumour activity of DuoBody-CD3xCD20 was assessed in humanized mouse models in vivo. Non-clinical safety studies were performed in cynomolgus monkeys.
Findings
DuoBody-CD3xCD20 induced highly potent T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity towards malignant B cells in vitro. Comparison of DuoBody-CD3xCD20 to CD3 bsAb targeting alternative B-cell antigens, or to CD3xCD20 bsAb generated using alternative CD20 Ab, emphasized its exceptional potency. In vitro comparison with other CD3xCD20 bsAb in clinical development showed that DuoBody-CD3xCD20 was significantly more potent than three other bsAb with single CD3 and CD20 binding regions and equally potent as a bsAb with a single CD3 and two CD20 binding regions. DuoBody-CD3xCD20 showed promising anti-tumour activity in vivo, also in the presence of excess levels of a CD20 Ab that competes for binding. In cynomolgus monkeys, DuoBody-CD3xCD20 demonstrated profound and long-lasting B-cell depletion from peripheral blood and lymphoid organs, which was comparable after subcutaneous and intravenous administration. Peak plasma levels of DuoBody-CD3xCD20 were lower and delayed after subcutaneous administration, which was associated with a reduction in plasma cytokine levels compared to intravenous administration, while bioavailability was comparable.
Interpretation
Based on these preclinical studies, a clinical trial was initiated to assess the clinical safety of subcutaneous DuoBody-CD3xCD20 in patients with B-cell malignancies.
Funding
Genmab
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