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Szalai R, Till A, Szabo A, Melegh B, Hadzsiev K, Czako M. Overlapping Interstitial Deletions of the Region 9q22.33 to 9q33.3 of Three Patients Allow Pinpointing Candidate Genes for Epilepsy and Cleft Lip and Palate. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:109-122. [PMID: 37064343 PMCID: PMC10090976 DOI: 10.1159/000525976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients carrying interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 9 show similar features. These phenotypes are often characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, and dysmorphism. Previously reported deletions differ in size and location spanning from 9q21 to 9q34 and were mostly detected by conventional cytogenetic techniques. Methods Based on clinical features suggesting primarily chromosomal diseases, aCGH analysis was indicated. We report on de novo overlapping interstitial 9q deletions in 3 unrelated individuals presenting neurodevelopmental disorder and multiple congenital anomalies. Results An 8.03-Mb (90 genes), a 15.71-Mb (193 genes), and a 15.81-Mb (203 genes) deletion were identified in 9q affecting 9q22.33q33.3. The overlapping region was 1.50 Mb, including 2 dosage-sensitive genes, namely EPB41L4B (OMIM #610340) and SVEP1 (OMIM #611691). These genes are thought to be involved in cellular adhesion, migration, and motility. The non-overlapping regions contain 24 dosage-sensitive genes. Conclusion Besides the frequently described symptoms (developmental delay, intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities, short stature, and dysmorphic facial features) shared by the patients with interstitial deletions of chromosome 9q reported thus far, two of our patients showed distinct forms of epilepsy, which were successfully treated, and one had a bilateral cleft lip and palate. Possible candidate genes for epilepsy and cleft lip and palate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Agnes Till
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Szabo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Marta Czako
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Buki G, Szalai R, Pinter A, Hadzsiev K, Melegh B, Rauch T, Bene J. Correlation between large FBN1 deletions and severe cardiovascular phenotype in Marfan syndrome: Analysis of two novel cases and analytical review of the literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023:e2166. [PMID: 36945115 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a clinically heterogeneous hereditary connective tissue disorder. Severe cardiovascular manifestations (i.e., aortic aneurysm and dissection) are the most life-threatening complications. Most of the cases are caused by mutations, a minor group of which are copy number variations (CNV), in the FBN1 gene. METHODS Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification test was performed to detect CNVs in 41 MFS patients not carrying disease-causing mutations in FBN1 gene. Moreover, the association was analyzed between the localization of CNVs, the affected regulatory elements and the cardiovascular phenotypes among all cases known from the literature. RESULTS A large two-exon deletion (exon 46 and 47) was identified in two related patients, which was associated with a mild form of cardiovascular phenotype. Severe cardiovascular symptoms were found significantly more frequent in patients with FBN1 large deletion compared to our patients with intragenic small scale FBN1 mutation. Bioinformatic data analyses of regulatory elements located within the FBN1 gene revealed an association between the deletion of STAT3 transcription factor-binding site and cardiovascular symptoms in five out of 25 patients. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that large CNVs are often associated with severe cardiovascular manifestations in MFS and the localization of these CNVs affect the phenotype severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Buki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Pinter
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Rauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Tumiene B, Peters H, Melegh B, Peterlin B, Utkus A, Fatkulina N, Pfliegler G, Graessner H, Hermanns S, Scarpa M, Blay JY, Ashton S, McKay L, Baynam G. Rare disease education in Europe and beyond: time to act. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:441. [PMID: 36536417 PMCID: PMC9761619 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with rare diseases (PLWRD) still face huge unmet needs, in part due to the fact that care systems are not sufficiently aligned with their needs and healthcare workforce (HWF) along their care pathways lacks competencies to efficiently tackle rare disease-specific challenges. Level of rare disease knowledge and awareness among the current and future HWF is insufficient. In recent years, many educational resources on rare diseases have been developed, however, awareness of these resources is still limited and rare disease education is still not sufficiently taken into account by some crucial stakeholders as academia and professional organizations. Therefore, there is a need to fundamentally rethink rare disease education and HWF development across the whole spectrum from students to generalists, specialists and experts, to engage and empower PLWRD, their families and advocates, and to work towards a common coherent and complementary strategy on rare disease education and training in Europe and beyond. Special consideration should be also given to the role of nurse coordinators in care coordination, interprofessional training for integrated multidisciplinary care, patient and family-centered education, opportunities given by digital learning and fostering of social accountability to enforce the focus on socially-vulnerable groups such as PLWRD. The strategy has to be developed and implemented by multiple rare disease education and training providers: universities, medical and nursing schools and their associations, professional organizations, European Reference Networks, patient organizations, other organizations and institutions dedicated to rare diseases and rare cancers, authorities and policy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birute Tumiene
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Harm Peters
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Dieter Scheffner Center for Medical Education and Educational Research, Dean’s Office of Study Affairs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany ,Association of Medical Schools in Europe e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Bela Melegh
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Borut Peterlin
- grid.29524.380000 0004 0571 7705Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ,Association of Medical Schools in Europe e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalja Fatkulina
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - György Pfliegler
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Centre for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Holm Graessner
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sanja Hermanns
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- grid.411492.bRegional Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Centre Léon Berard, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1& Unicancer Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sharon Ashton
- grid.433753.5EURORDIS - Rare Diseases Europe, Paris, France
| | - Lucy McKay
- Medics4RareDiseases, High Wycombe, England, UK
| | - Gareth Baynam
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Telethon Kids Institute and the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Division of Paediatrics, He University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA Australia ,grid.413880.60000 0004 0453 2856Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies and Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia ,Rare Care Centre, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, WA Australia
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Paneque M, Serra Juhé C, Melegh B, Carreira I, Moog U, Liehr T. Erratum zu: Über die Notwendigkeit der Anerkennung von sog. Kernberufsgruppen innerhalb der genetischen Gesundheitsversorgung in Europa. MED GENET-BERLIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2022-2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paneque
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- IBMC – Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP) , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Clara Serra Juhé
- U705 CIBERER, Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics , University of Pécs, School of Medicine , Pécs , Hungary
| | - Isabel Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, CACC, iCBR/CIMAGO, CIBB, Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ute Moog
- Institut für Humangenetik , Universität Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Universitätsklinik Jena , Friedrich Schiller Universität, Institut für Human Genetik , Jena , Germany
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Paneque M, Liehr T, Serra Juhé C, Moog U, Melegh B, Carreira I. The need for recognition of core professional groups in genetics healthcare services in Europe. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:639-640. [PMID: 35283482 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paneque
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Serra Juhé
- U705 CIBERER, Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ute Moog
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, School of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Isabel Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, CACC, iCBR/CIMAGO, CIBB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Wilke C, Mengel D, Schöls L, Hengel H, Rakowicz M, Klockgether T, Durr A, Filla A, Melegh B, Schüle R, Reetz K, Jacobi H, Synofzik M. Levels of Neurofilament Light at the Preataxic and Ataxic Stages of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Neurology 2022; 98:e1985-e1996. [PMID: 35264424 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neurofilament light (NfL) appears to be a promising fluid biomarker in repeat-expansion spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), with piloting studies in mixed SCA cohorts suggesting that NfL might be increased at the ataxic stage of SCA type 1 (SCA1). We here hypothesized that NfL is increased not only at the ataxic stage of SCA1, but also at its (likely most treatment-relevant) preataxic stage. METHODS We assessed serum NfL (sNfL) and CSF NfL (cNfL) levels in both preataxic and ataxic SCA1, leveraging a multicentric cohort recruited at 6 European university centers, and clinical follow-up data, including actually observed (rather than only predicted) conversion to the ataxic stage. Levels of sNfL and cNfL were assessed by single-molecule array and ELISA technique, respectively. RESULTS Forty individuals with SCA1 (23 preataxic, 17 ataxic) and 89 controls were enrolled, including 11 preataxic individuals converting to the ataxic stage. sNfL levels were increased at the preataxic (median 15.5 pg/mL [interquartile range 10.5-21.1 pg/mL]) and ataxic stage (31.6 pg/mL [26.2-37.7 pg/mL]) compared to controls (6.0 pg/mL [4.7-8.6 pg/mL]), yielding high age-corrected effect sizes (preataxic: r = 0.62, ataxic: r = 0.63). sNfL increases were paralleled by increases of cNfL at both the preataxic and ataxic stage. In preataxic individuals, sNfL levels increased with proximity to predicted ataxia onset, with significant sNfL elevations already 5 years before onset, and confirmed in preataxic individuals with actually observed ataxia onset. sNfL increases were detected already in preataxic individuals with SCA1 without volumetric atrophy of cerebellum or pons, suggesting that sNfL might be more sensitive to early preataxic neurodegeneration than the currently known most change-sensitive regions in volumetric MRI. Using longitudinal sNfL measurements, we estimated sample sizes for clinical trials with the reduction of sNfL as the endpoint. DISCUSSION sNfL levels might provide easily accessible peripheral biomarkers in both preataxic and ataxic SCA1, allowing stratification of preataxic individuals regarding proximity to onset, early detection of neurodegeneration even before volumetric MRI alterations, and potentially capture of treatment response in clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01037777. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that NfL levels are increased in both ataxic and preataxic SCA1 and are associated with ataxia onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Wilke
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Mengel
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Durr
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Filla
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bela Melegh
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Jacobi
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- From the Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.W., D.M., M.S.) and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.S., H.H., R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.W., D.M., L.S., H.H., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; First Department of Neurology (M.R.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K., H.J.), Bonn, Germany; Sorbonne Université (A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, France; Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center (B.M.), University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Neurology (K.R.), RWTH Aachen University; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (K.R.), Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen; and Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
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Paneque M, Serra Juhé C, Melegh B, Carreira I, Moog U, Liehr T. Über die Notwendigkeit der Anerkennung von sog. Kernberufsgruppen innerhalb der genetischen Gesundheitsversorgung in Europa. MED GENET-BERLIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2022-2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paneque
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- IBMC – Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP) , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Clara Serra Juhé
- U705 CIBERER, Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics , University of Pécs, School of Medicine , Pécs , Hungary
| | - Isabel Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, CACC, iCBR/CIMAGO, CIBB, Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ute Moog
- Institut für Humangenetik , Universität Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Universitätsklinik Jena , Friedrich Schiller Universität, Institut für Human Genetik , Jena , Germany
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Trubetskoy V, Pardiñas AF, Qi T, Panagiotaropoulou G, Awasthi S, Bigdeli TB, Bryois J, Chen CY, Dennison CA, Hall LS, Lam M, Watanabe K, Frei O, Ge T, Harwood JC, Koopmans F, Magnusson S, Richards AL, Sidorenko J, Wu Y, Zeng J, Grove J, Kim M, Li Z, Voloudakis G, Zhang W, Adams M, Agartz I, Atkinson EG, Agerbo E, Al Eissa M, Albus M, Alexander M, Alizadeh BZ, Alptekin K, Als TD, Amin F, Arolt V, Arrojo M, Athanasiu L, Azevedo MH, Bacanu SA, Bass NJ, Begemann M, Belliveau RA, Bene J, Benyamin B, Bergen SE, Blasi G, Bobes J, Bonassi S, Braun A, Bressan RA, Bromet EJ, Bruggeman R, Buckley PF, Buckner RL, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Cahn W, Cairns MJ, Calkins ME, Carr VJ, Castle D, Catts SV, Chambert KD, Chan RCK, Chaumette B, Cheng W, Cheung EFC, Chong SA, Cohen D, Consoli A, Cordeiro Q, Costas J, Curtis C, Davidson M, Davis KL, de Haan L, Degenhardt F, DeLisi LE, Demontis D, Dickerson F, Dikeos D, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Duan J, Ducci G, Dudbridge F, Eriksson JG, Fañanás L, Faraone SV, Fiorentino A, Forstner A, Frank J, Freimer NB, Fromer M, Frustaci A, Gadelha A, Genovese G, Gershon ES, Giannitelli M, Giegling I, Giusti-Rodríguez P, Godard S, Goldstein JI, González Peñas J, González-Pinto A, Gopal S, Gratten J, Green MF, Greenwood TA, Guillin O, Gülöksüz S, Gur RE, Gur RC, Gutiérrez B, Hahn E, Hakonarson H, Haroutunian V, Hartmann AM, Harvey C, Hayward C, Henskens FA, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Howrigan DP, Ikeda M, Iyegbe C, Joa I, Julià A, Kähler AK, Kam-Thong T, Kamatani Y, Karachanak-Yankova S, Kebir O, Keller MC, Kelly BJ, Khrunin A, Kim SW, Klovins J, Kondratiev N, Konte B, Kraft J, Kubo M, Kučinskas V, Kučinskiene ZA, Kusumawardhani A, Kuzelova-Ptackova H, Landi S, Lazzeroni LC, Lee PH, Legge SE, Lehrer DS, Lencer R, Lerer B, Li M, Lieberman J, Light GA, Limborska S, Liu CM, Lönnqvist J, Loughland CM, Lubinski J, Luykx JJ, Lynham A, Macek M, Mackinnon A, Magnusson PKE, Maher BS, Maier W, Malaspina D, Mallet J, Marder SR, Marsal S, Martin AR, Martorell L, Mattheisen M, McCarley RW, McDonald C, McGrath JJ, Medeiros H, Meier S, Melegh B, Melle I, Mesholam-Gately RI, Metspalu A, Michie PT, Milani L, Milanova V, Mitjans M, Molden E, Molina E, Molto MD, Mondelli V, Moreno C, Morley CP, Muntané G, Murphy KC, Myin-Germeys I, Nenadić I, Nestadt G, Nikitina-Zake L, Noto C, Nuechterlein KH, O'Brien NL, O'Neill FA, Oh SY, Olincy A, Ota VK, Pantelis C, Papadimitriou GN, Parellada M, Paunio T, Pellegrino R, Periyasamy S, Perkins DO, Pfuhlmann B, Pietiläinen O, Pimm J, Porteous D, Powell J, Quattrone D, Quested D, Radant AD, Rampino A, Rapaport MH, Rautanen A, Reichenberg A, Roe C, Roffman JL, Roth J, Rothermundt M, Rutten BPF, Saker-Delye S, Salomaa V, Sanjuan J, Santoro ML, Savitz A, Schall U, Scott RJ, Seidman LJ, Sharp SI, Shi J, Siever LJ, Sigurdsson E, Sim K, Skarabis N, Slominsky P, So HC, Sobell JL, Söderman E, Stain HJ, Steen NE, Steixner-Kumar AA, Stögmann E, Stone WS, Straub RE, Streit F, Strengman E, Stroup TS, Subramaniam M, Sugar CA, Suvisaari J, Svrakic DM, Swerdlow NR, Szatkiewicz JP, Ta TMT, Takahashi A, Terao C, Thibaut F, Toncheva D, Tooney PA, Torretta S, Tosato S, Tura GB, Turetsky BI, Üçok A, Vaaler A, van Amelsvoort T, van Winkel R, Veijola J, Waddington J, Walter H, Waterreus A, Webb BT, Weiser M, Williams NM, Witt SH, Wormley BK, Wu JQ, Xu Z, Yolken R, Zai CC, Zhou W, Zhu F, Zimprich F, Atbaşoğlu EC, Ayub M, Benner C, Bertolino A, Black DW, Bray NJ, Breen G, Buccola NG, Byerley WF, Chen WJ, Cloninger CR, Crespo-Facorro B, Donohoe G, Freedman R, Galletly C, Gandal MJ, Gennarelli M, Hougaard DM, Hwu HG, Jablensky AV, McCarroll SA, Moran JL, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Müller-Myhsok B, Neil AL, Nordentoft M, Pato MT, Petryshen TL, Pirinen M, Pulver AE, Schulze TG, Silverman JM, Smoller JW, Stahl EA, Tsuang DW, Vilella E, Wang SH, Xu S, Adolfsson R, Arango C, Baune BT, Belangero SI, Børglum AD, Braff D, Bramon E, Buxbaum JD, Campion D, Cervilla JA, Cichon S, Collier DA, Corvin A, Curtis D, Forti MD, Domenici E, Ehrenreich H, Escott-Price V, Esko T, Fanous AH, Gareeva A, Gawlik M, Gejman PV, Gill M, Glatt SJ, Golimbet V, Hong KS, Hultman CM, Hyman SE, Iwata N, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kennedy JL, Khusnutdinova E, Kirov G, Knowles JA, Krebs MO, Laurent-Levinson C, Lee J, Lencz T, Levinson DF, Li QS, Liu J, Malhotra AK, Malhotra D, McIntosh A, McQuillin A, Menezes PR, Morgan VA, Morris DW, Mowry BJ, Murray RM, Nimgaonkar V, Nöthen MM, Ophoff RA, Paciga SA, Palotie A, Pato CN, Qin S, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rivera M, Rujescu D, Saka MC, Sanders AR, Schwab SG, Serretti A, Sham PC, Shi Y, St Clair D, Stefánsson H, Stefansson K, Tsuang MT, van Os J, Vawter MP, Weinberger DR, Werge T, Wildenauer DB, Yu X, Yue W, Holmans PA, Pocklington AJ, Roussos P, Vassos E, Verhage M, Visscher PM, Yang J, Posthuma D, Andreassen OA, Kendler KS, Owen MJ, Wray NR, Daly MJ, Huang H, Neale BM, Sullivan PF, Ripke S, Walters JTR, O'Donovan MC. Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature 2022; 604:502-508. [PMID: 35396580 PMCID: PMC9392466 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 386.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassily Trubetskoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio F Pardiñas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ting Qi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte A Dennison
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lynsey S Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Max Lam
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet C Harwood
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank Koopmans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander L Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Georgios Voloudakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth G Atkinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mariam Al Eissa
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Madeline Alexander
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Thomas D Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Farooq Amin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Helena Azevedo
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Silviu A Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bass
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard A Belliveau
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Julio Bobes
- Área de Psiquiatría-Universidad de Oviedo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter F Buckley
- Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht, General Menthal Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley V Catts
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberley D Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boris Chaumette
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - David Cohen
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), CNRS UMR7222, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Javier Costas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Charles Curtis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kenneth L Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Dimitris Dikeos
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Timothy Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Alessia Fiorentino
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Menachem Fromer
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra Frustaci
- Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, St Ann's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marianna Giannitelli
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stephanie Godard
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline I Goldstein
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Javier González Peñas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, OSI Araba, University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Srihari Gopal
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Guillin
- INSERM, Rouen, France
- Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Rouen, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Sinan Gülöksüz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blanca Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eric Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Leonard Madlyn Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research Clinical and Education Center (MIRECC), JJ Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carol Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frans A Henskens
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan Herms
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake Aichi, Japan
| | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Inge Joa
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna K Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tony Kam-Thong
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Oussama Kebir
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioural Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian J Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrey Khrunin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kraft
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Agung Kusumawardhani
- Psychiatry Department, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Landi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura C Lazzeroni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phil H Lee
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie E Legge
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carmel M Loughland
- Hunter New England Health and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Second Opinion Outpatient Clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Lynham
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Mallet
- Asfalia Biologics, iPEPS-ICM, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stephen R Marder
- Semel Institute for Neurosciene, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John J McGrath
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helena Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, School of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vihra Milanova
- Psychiatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Espen Molden
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esther Molina
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Dolores Molto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher P Morley
- Departments of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Family Medicine, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Muntané
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Cristiano Noto
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niamh Louise O'Brien
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Anthony O'Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sang-Yun Oh
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratorio de Genetica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christos Pantelis
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George N Papadimitriou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Mara Parellada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Leonard Madlyn Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sathish Periyasamy
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bruno Pfuhlmann
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Weißer Hirsch, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan Pimm
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Digby Quested
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allen D Radant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Mark H Rapaport
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna Rautanen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Roe
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- THL-Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcos Leite Santoro
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratorio de Genetica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam Savitz
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Mater Hospital, McAuley Centre, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology North, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally Isabel Sharp
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larry J Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Engilbert Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nora Skarabis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petr Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Janet L Sobell
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erik Söderman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen J Stain
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
- TIPS - Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Agnes A Steixner-Kumar
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - William S Stone
- Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eric Strengman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Scott Stroup
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- THL-Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dragan M Svrakic
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Neal R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thi Minh Tam Ta
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin-Tarnier, Paris, France
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Silvia Torretta
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Battista Tura
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bruce I Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alp Üçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arne Vaaler
- Division of Mental Health, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - John Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Waterreus
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Nigel M Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brandon K Wormley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jing Qin Wu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhida Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, GGz Centraal, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clement C Zai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eşref Cem Atbaşoğlu
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University Kingston, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Benner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Donald W Black
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bray
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy G Buccola
- School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - William F Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei J Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University of Sevilla, CIBERSAM IBiS, Seville, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad del Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cherrie Galletly
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Ramsay Health Care (SA) Mental Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Assen V Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amanda L Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michele T Pato
- Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tracey L Petryshen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy M Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Celso Arango
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratorio de Genetica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jorge A Cervilla
- Department of Psychiatry, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | | | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ayman H Fanous
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Phoenix VA Healthcare System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Banner-University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anna Gareeva
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG UFRC RAS), Ufa, Russia
- Federal State Educational Institution of Highest Education Bashkir State Medical University of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation (BSMU), Ufa, Russia
| | - Micha Gawlik
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology and Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe lab), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vera Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven E Hyman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake Aichi, Japan
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - René S Kahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG UFRC RAS), Ufa, Russia
- Federal State Educational Institution of Highest Education Bashkir State Medical University of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation (BSMU), Ufa, Russia
| | - George Kirov
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry and Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Laurent-Levinson
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Douglas F Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qingqin S Li
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Dheeraj Malhotra
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paulo R Menezes
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bryan J Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robin M Murray
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara A Paciga
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carlos N Pato
- Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brien P Riley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meram C Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pak C Sham
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychiatry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Ming T Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dieter B Wildenauer
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter A Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew J Pocklington
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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9
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Maasz A, Hadzsiev K, Ripszam R, Zsigmond A, Maka E, Knezy K, Lesch B, Nemeth A, Bene J, Galik B, Gyenesei A, Melegh B. TUBB4B gene mutation in Leber phenotype of congenital amaurosis syndrome associated with early-onset deafness. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104471. [PMID: 35240325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Beta-tubulin 4B isotype is one of the subunits of microtubules encoded by TUBB4B gene on chromosome 9, which is responsible for the maintenance of microtubule stability. In humans, mutations in microtubule-encoding genes have been associated with several tubulinopathies with very heterogeneous symptoms. So far, only two missense mutations in TUBB4B gene have been found to have pathological implications in this disorder. Here we report a Hungarian family with three affected members, mother and her 12- and 14-year-old children, who suffer from ophthalmologic and hearing impairments probably due to c.1171C > T missense variant in the TUBB4B gene. The presented case is the second report, and unique in the literature because of three affected family members carrying the same mutation and the family provides evidence for a quite similar but not identical phenotype of LCAEOD in subjects carrying this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Maasz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Clinical Genetics and Genomics Research Group, Hungary.
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Clinical Genetics and Genomics Research Group, Hungary
| | - Reka Ripszam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Clinical Genetics and Genomics Research Group, Hungary
| | - Anna Zsigmond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Clinical Genetics and Genomics Research Group, Hungary
| | - Erika Maka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Knezy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Balazs Lesch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Nemeth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical Centre and Medical School, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Clinical Genetics and Genomics Research Group, Hungary
| | - Bence Galik
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Pecs, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Pecs, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Clinical Genetics and Genomics Research Group, Hungary
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10
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Kovesdi E, Ripszam R, Postyeni E, Horvath EB, Kelemen A, Fabos B, Farkas V, Hadzsiev K, Sumegi K, Magyari L, Moreno PG, Bauer P, Melegh B. Whole Exome Sequencing in a Series of Patients with a Clinical Diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis Not Confirmed by Targeted TSC1/TSC2 Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091401. [PMID: 34573383 PMCID: PMC8471884 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately fifteen percent of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) phenotype do not have any genetic disease-causing mutations which could be responsible for the development of TSC. The lack of a proper diagnosis significantly affects the quality of life for these patients and their families. METHODS The aim of our study was to use Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) in order to identify the genes responsible for the phenotype of nine patients with clinical signs of TSC, but without confirmed tuberous sclerosis complex 1/ tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC1/TSC2) mutations using routine molecular genetic diagnostic tools. RESULTS We found previously overlooked heterozygous nonsense mutations in TSC1, and a heterozygous intronic variant in TSC2. In one patient, two heterozygous missense variants were found in polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (PKHD1), confirming polycystic kidney disease type 4. A heterozygous missense mutation in solute carrier family 12 member 5 (SLC12A5) was found in one patient, which is linked to cause susceptibility to idiopathic generalized epilepsy type 14. Heterozygous nonsense variant ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) was identified in one patient, which is associated with susceptibility to Moyamoya disease type 2. In the remaining three patients WES could not reveal any variants clinically relevant to the described phenotypes. CONCLUSION Patients without appropriate diagnosis due to the lack of sensitivity of the currently used routine diagnostic methods can significantly profit from the wider application of next generation sequencing technologies in order to identify genes and variants responsible for their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsebet Kovesdi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.R.); (E.P.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (L.M.); (B.M.)
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Reka Ripszam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.R.); (E.P.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (L.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Etelka Postyeni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.R.); (E.P.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (L.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Emese Beatrix Horvath
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Anna Kelemen
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Beata Fabos
- Somogy County Mor Kaposi Teaching Hospital, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary;
| | - Viktor Farkas
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085-Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.R.); (E.P.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (L.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Katalin Sumegi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.R.); (E.P.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (L.M.); (B.M.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Lili Magyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.R.); (E.P.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (L.M.); (B.M.)
| | | | - Peter Bauer
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (P.B.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.R.); (E.P.); (K.H.); (K.S.); (L.M.); (B.M.)
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11
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Jacobi H, du Montcel ST, Romanzetti S, Harmuth F, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Rakowicz M, Makowicz G, Durr A, Monin ML, Filla A, Roca A, Schöls L, Hengel H, Infante J, Kang JS, Timmann D, Casali C, Masciullo M, Baliko L, Melegh B, Nachbauer W, Bürk-Gergs K, Schulz JB, Riess O, Reetz K, Klockgether T. Conversion of individuals at risk for spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6 to manifest ataxia (RISCA): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:738-747. [PMID: 32822634 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to study the conversion to manifest ataxia among apparently healthy carriers of mutations associated with the most common SCAs (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6), and the sensitivity of clinical and functional measures to detect change in these individuals. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study, based at 14 referral centres in seven European countries, we enrolled children or siblings of patients with SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6. Eligible individuals were those without ataxia, defined by a score on the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) of less than 3; participants had to be aged 18-50 years for children or siblings of patients with SCA1, SCA2, or SCA3, and 35-70 years for children or siblings of patients with SCA6. Study visits took place at recruitment and after 2, 4, and 6 years (plus or minus 3 months). We did genetic testing to identify mutation carriers, with results concealed to the participant and clinical investigator. We assessed patients with clinical scales, questionnaires of patient-reported outcome measures, a rating of the examiner's confidence of presence of ataxia, and performance-based coordination tests. Conversion to ataxia was defined by an SARA score of 3 or higher. We analysed the association of factors at baseline with conversion to ataxia and the evolution of outcome parameters on temporal scales (time from inclusion and time to predicted age at ataxia onset) in the context of mutation status and conversion status. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01037777. FINDINGS Between Sept 13, 2008, and Oct 28, 2015, 302 participants were enrolled. We analysed data for 252 participants with at least one follow-up visit. 83 (33%) participants were from families affected by SCA1, 99 (39%) by SCA2, 46 (18%) by SCA3, and 24 (10%) by SCA6. In participants who carried SCA mutations, 26 (52%) of 50 SCA1 carriers, 22 (59%) of 37 SCA2 carriers, 11 (42%) of 26 SCA3 carriers, and two (13%) of 15 SCA6 carriers converted to ataxia. One (3%) of 33 SCA1 non-carriers and one (2%) of 62 SCA2 non-carriers converted to ataxia. Owing to the small number of people who met our criteria for ataxia, subsequent analyses could not be done in carriers of the SCA6 mutation. Baseline factors associated with conversion were age (hazard ratio 1·13 [95% CI 1·03-1·24]; p=0·011), CAG repeat length (1·25 [1·11-1·41]; p=0·0002), and ataxia confidence rating (1·72 [1·23-2·41]; p=0·0015) for SCA1; age (1·08 [1·02-1·14]; p=0·0077) and CAG repeat length (1·65 [1·27-2·13]; p=0·0001) for SCA2; and age (1·27 [1·09-1·50]; p=0·0031), confidence rating (2·60 [1·23-5·47]; p=0·012), and double vision (14·83 [2·15-102·44]; p=0·0063) for SCA3. From the time of inclusion, the SARA scores of SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers increased, whereas they remained stable in non-carriers. On a timescale defined by the predicted time of ataxia onset, SARA progression in SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers was non-linear, with marginal progression before ataxia and increasing progression after ataxia onset. INTERPRETATION Our study provides quantitative data on the conversion of non-ataxic SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers to manifest ataxia. Our data could prove useful for the design of preventive trials aimed at delaying the onset of ataxia by aiding sample size calculations and stratification of study participants. FUNDING European Research Area Network for Research Programmes on Rare Diseases, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Italian Ministry of Health, European Community's Seventh Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut, Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandro Romanzetti
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Harmuth
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- First Neurological Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Makowicz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Roca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Santander, Spain
| | - Jun-Suk Kang
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laszlo Baliko
- Department of Neurology, Magyar Imre Hospital, Ajka, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Nachbauer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Bürk-Gergs
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Kliniken Schmieder Stuttgart-Gerlingen, Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Rare Disease Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Wilke C, Haas E, Reetz K, Faber J, Garcia‐Moreno H, Santana MM, van de Warrenburg B, Hengel H, Lima M, Filla A, Durr A, Melegh B, Masciullo M, Infante J, Giunti P, Neumann M, de Vries J, Pereira de Almeida L, Rakowicz M, Jacobi H, Schüle R, Kaeser SA, Kuhle J, Klockgether T, Schöls L, Barro C, Hübener‐Schmid J, Synofzik M. Neurofilaments in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: blood biomarkers at the preataxic and ataxic stage in humans and mice. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11803. [PMID: 32510847 PMCID: PMC7338806 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With molecular treatments coming into reach for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), easily accessible, cross-species validated biomarkers for human and preclinical trials are warranted, particularly for the preataxic disease stage. We assessed serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNfH) in ataxic and preataxic subjects of two independent multicentric SCA3 cohorts and in a SCA3 knock-in mouse model. Ataxic SCA3 subjects showed increased levels of both NfL and pNfH. In preataxic subjects, NfL levels increased with proximity to the individual expected onset of ataxia, with significant NfL elevations already 7.5 years before onset. Cross-sectional NfL levels correlated with both disease severity and longitudinal disease progression. Blood NfL and pNfH increases in human SCA3 were each paralleled by similar changes in SCA3 knock-in mice, here also starting already at the presymptomatic stage, closely following ataxin-3 aggregation and preceding Purkinje cell loss in the brain. Blood neurofilaments, particularly NfL, might thus provide easily accessible, cross-species validated biomarkers in both ataxic and preataxic SCA3, associated with earliest neuropathological changes, and serve as progression, proximity-to-onset and, potentially, treatment-response markers in both human and preclinical SCA3 trials.
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13
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Taruscio D, Baynam G, Cederroth H, Groft SC, Klee EW, Kosaki K, Lasko P, Melegh B, Riess O, Salvatore M, Gahl WA. The Undiagnosed Diseases Network International: Five years and more! Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:243-254. [PMID: 32033911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Undiagnosed rare diseases (URDs) account for a significant portion of the overall rare disease burden, depending upon the country. Hence, URDs represent an unmet medical need. A specific challenge posed by the ensemble of the URD patient cohort is the heterogeneity of its composition; the group, indeed, includes very rare, still unidentified conditions as well as clinical variants of recognized rare diseases. Exact disease recognition requires new approaches that cut across national and institutional boundaries, may need the implementation of methods new to diagnostics, and embrace clinical care and research. To address these issues, the Undiagnosed Diseases Network International (UDNI) was established in 2014, with the major aims of providing diagnoses to patients, implementing additional diagnostic tools, and fostering research on novel diseases, their mechanisms, and their pathways. The UDNI involves centres with internationally recognized expertise, and its scientific resources and know-how aim to fill the knowledge gaps that impede diagnosis, in particularly for ultra-rare diseases. Consequently, the UDNI fosters the translation of research into medical practice, aided by active patient involvement. The goals of the UDNI are to work collaboratively and at an international scale to: 1) provide diagnoses for individuals who have conditions that have eluded diagnosis by clinical experts; 2) gain insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of novel diseases; 3) contribute to standards of diagnosing unsolved patients; and 4) share the results of UDNI research in a timely manner and as broadly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Taruscio
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Interdepartmental Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Baynam
- Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies and Genetic Services of WA, WA Health Department, Perth, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Division of Paediatrics and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - S C Groft
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E W Klee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P Lasko
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, School of Medicine, Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - O Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Rare Disease Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Salvatore
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Interdepartmental Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - W A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Bene J, Szabo A, Komlósi K, Melegh B. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of L-carnitine and its Esters: Potential Biomarkers of Disturbances in Carnitine Homeostasis. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:336-354. [PMID: 31729298 PMCID: PMC7231908 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191113120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE After a golden age of classic carnitine research three decades ago, the spread of mass spectrometry opened new perspectives and a much better understanding of the carnitine system is available nowadays. In the classic period, several human and animal studies were focused on various distinct physiological functions of this molecule and these revealed different aspects of carnitine homeostasis in normal and pathological conditions. Initially, the laboratory analyses were based on the classic or radioenzymatic assays, enabling only the determination of free and total carnitine levels and calculation of total carnitine esters' amount without any information on the composition of the acyl groups. The introduction of mass spectrometry allowed the measurement of free carnitine along with the specific and sensitive determination of different carnitine esters. Beyond basic research, mass spectrometry study of carnitine esters was introduced into the newborn screening program because of being capable to detect more than 30 metabolic disorders simultaneously. Furthermore, mass spectrometry measurements were performed to investigate different disease states affecting carnitine homeostasis, such as diabetes, chronic renal failure, celiac disease, cardiovascular diseases, autism spectrum disorder or inflammatory bowel diseases. RESULTS This article will review the recent advances in the field of carnitine research with respect to mass spectrometric analyses of acyl-carnitines in normal and various pathological states. CONCLUSION The growing number of publications using mass spectrometry as a tool to investigate normal physiological conditions or reveal potential biomarkers of primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies shows that this tool brought a new perspective to carnitine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Szabo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Komlósi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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15
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Diallo A, Jacobi H, Cook A, Giunti P, Parkinson MH, Labrum R, Durr A, Brice A, Charles P, Marelli C, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Panzeri M, Castaldo A, Rakowicz M, Rola R, Sulek A, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Schöls L, Hengel H, Baliko L, Melegh B, Filla A, Antenora A, Infante J, Berciano J, van de Warrenburg BP, Timmann D, Boesch S, Nachbauer W, Pandolfo M, Schulz JB, Bauer P, Jun-Suk K, Klockgether T, Tezenas du Montcel S. Prediction of Survival With Long-Term Disease Progression in Most Common Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1220-1227. [PMID: 31211461 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxias are rare dominantly inherited neurodegenerative diseases that lead to severe disability and premature death. OBJECTIVE To quantify the impact of disease progression measured by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia on survival, and to identify different profiles of disease progression and survival. METHODS Four hundred sixty-two spinocerebellar ataxia patients from the EUROSCA prospective cohort study, suffering from spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, and who had at least two measurements of Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score, were analyzed. Outcomes were change over time in Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score and time to death. Joint model was used to analyze disease progression and survival. RESULTS Disease progression was the strongest predictor for death in all genotypes: An increase of 1 standard deviation in total Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score increased the risk of death by 1.28 times (95% confidence interval: 1.18-1.38) for patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1; 1.19 times (1.12-1.26) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2; 1.30 times (1.19-1.42) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; and 1.26 times (1.11-1.43) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Three subgroups of disease progression and survival were identified for patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1: "severe" (n = 13; 12%), "intermediate" (n = 31; 29%), and "moderate" (n = 62; 58%). Patients in the severe group were more severely affected at baseline with higher Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores and frequency of nonataxia signs compared to those in the other groups. CONCLUSION Rapid ataxia progression is associated with poor survival of the most common spinocerebellar ataxia. Theses current results have implications for the design of future interventional studies of spinocerebellar ataxia. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassane Diallo
- INSERM U 1136, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Arron Cook
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Parkinson
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Labrum
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, Inserm, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, Inserm, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Service de Neurologie-CMRR, CHRU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- APHP, Genetics Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (department), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (department), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Panzeri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (department), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Castaldo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (department), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Rola
- Department of Neurology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sulek
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laszlo Baliko
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Neurology, Zala County Hospital, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neuroscience, and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Antenora
- Department of Neuroscience, and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - José Berciano
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Nachbauer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Neurology Service-ULB Hôpital Erasme, ULB Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen-Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kang Jun-Suk
- Department of Neurology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- INSERM U 1136, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
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16
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Sirchia F, Carrieri D, Dheensa S, Benjamin C, Kayserili H, Cordier C, van El CG, Turnpenny PD, Melegh B, Mendes Á, Halbersma-Konings TF, van Langen IM, Lucassen AM, Clarke AJ, Forzano F, Kelly SE. Recontacting or not recontacting? A survey of current practices in clinical genetics centres in Europe. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:946-954. [PMID: 29681620 PMCID: PMC6018700 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomic medicine are improving diagnosis and treatment of some health conditions, and the question of whether former patients should be recontacted is therefore timely. The issue of recontacting is becoming more important with increased integration of genomics in 'mainstream' medicine. Empirical evidence is needed to advance the discussion over whether and how recontacting should be implemented. We administered a web-based survey to genetic services in European countries to collect information about existing infrastructures and practices relevant to recontacting patients. The majority of the centres stated they had recontacted patients to update them about new significant information; however, there were no standardised practices or systems in place. There was also a multiplicity of understandings of the term 'recontacting', which respondents conflated with routine follow-up programmes, or even with post-test counselling. Participants thought that recontacting systems should be implemented to provide the best service to the patients and families. Nevertheless, many barriers to implementation were mentioned. These included: lack of resources and infrastructure, concerns about potential negative psychological consequences of recontacting, unclear operational definitions of recontacting, policies that prevent healthcare professionals from recontacting, and difficulties in locating patients after their last contact. These barriers are also intensified by the highly variable development (and establishment) of the specialties of medical genetics and genetic counselling across different European countries. Future recommendations about recontacting need to consider these barriers. It is also important to reach an 'operational definition' that can be useful in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Sandi Dheensa
- Clinical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline Benjamin
- School of Community Health & Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston, England, UK
- Liverpool Women's NHS Hospital Trust, England, UK
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Carla G van El
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Turnpenny
- Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Szentagothai Research Ctr, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Álvaro Mendes
- UnIGENe and CGPP-Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics, IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tanya F Halbersma-Konings
- Deparment of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M van Langen
- Deparment of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke M Lucassen
- Clinical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Francesca Forzano
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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17
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Jacobi H, du Montcel ST, Bauer P, Giunti P, Cook A, Labrum R, Parkinson MH, Durr A, Brice A, Charles P, Marelli C, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Sarro L, Rakowicz M, Sulek A, Sobanska A, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Schöls L, Hengel H, Baliko L, Melegh B, Filla A, Antenora A, Infante J, Berciano J, van de Warrenburg BP, Timmann D, Szymanski S, Boesch S, Nachbauer W, Kang JS, Pandolfo M, Schulz JB, Melac AT, Diallo A, Klockgether T. Long-term evolution of patient-reported outcome measures in spinocerebellar ataxias. J Neurol 2018; 265:2040-2051. [PMID: 29959555 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To study the long-term evolution of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the most common spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), we analyzed 8 years follow-up data of the EUROSCA Natural History Study, a cohort study of 526 patients with SCA1, SCA2, SCA3 and SCA6. METHODS To assess the functional capacity in daily living, we used the functional assessment (part IV) of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS-IV), for health-related quality of life the visual analogue scale of the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D VAS), and for depressive symptoms the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Severity of ataxia was assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and neurological symptoms other than ataxia with the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs (INAS). RESULTS UHDRS-IV [SCA1: - 1.35 (0.12); SCA2: - 1.15 (0.11); SCA3: - 1.16 (0.11); SCA6: - 0.99 (0.12)] and EQ-5D [SCA1: - 2.88 (0.72); SCA2: - 1.97 (0.49); SCA3: - 2.06 (0.55); SCA6: - 1.03 (0.57)] decreased linearly, whereas PHQ-9 increased [SCA1: 0.15 (0.04); SCA2: 0.09 (0.03); SCA3: 0.06 (0.04); SCA6: 0.07 (0.04)] during the observational period. Standard response means (SRMs) of UHDRS-IV (0.473-0.707) and EQ-5D VAS (0.053-0.184) were lower than that of SARA (0.404-0.979). In SCA1, higher SARA scores [- 0.0288 (0.01), p = 0.0251], longer repeat expansions [- 0.0622 (0.02), p = 0.0002] and the presence of cognitive impairment at baseline [- 0.5381 (0.25), p = 0.0365] were associated with faster UHDRS-IV decline. In SCA3, higher INAS counts were associated with a faster UHDRS-IV decline [- 0.05 (0.02), p = 0.0212]. In SCA1, PHQ-9 progression was faster in patients with cognitive impairment [0.14 (0.07); p = 0.0396]. CONCLUSIONS In the common SCAs, PROMs give complementary information to the information provided by neurological scales. This underlines the importance of PROMs as additional outcome measures in future interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Jacobi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1136, INSERM U 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 75013, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Biostatistics Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,CENTOGENE AG, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Arron Cook
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Robyn Labrum
- Neurogenetic Laboratory, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL, London, UK
| | - Michael H Parkinson
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Durr
- INSERM, U 1127, 75013, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, 75013, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM, U 1127, 75013, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, 75013, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Service de Neurologie-CMRR, CHRU Gui de Chauliac, 80, av. A. Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Sarro
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sulek
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sobanska
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laszlo Baliko
- Department of Neurology, Zala County Hospital, Zrinyi M. Str. 1, Zalaegerszeg, 8900, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neuroscience, and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Antenora
- Department of Neuroscience, and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - José Berciano
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)", "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Szymanski
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Nachbauer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jun-Suk Kang
- Department of Neurology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Neurology Service-ULB Hôpital Erasme, ULB Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraβe 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Audrey Tanguy Melac
- AP-HP, Biostatistics Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alhassane Diallo
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1136, INSERM U 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Ni G, Moser G, Wray NR, Lee SH, Ripke S, Neale BM, Corvin A, Walters JT, Farh KH, Holmans PA, Lee P, Bulik-Sullivan B, Collier DA, Huang H, Pers TH, Agartz I, Agerbo E, Albus M, Alexander M, Amin F, Bacanu SA, Begemann M, Belliveau RA, Bene J, Bergen SE, Bevilacqua E, Bigdeli TB, Black DW, Bruggeman R, Buccola NG, Buckner RL, Byerley W, Cahn W, Cai G, Campion D, Cantor RM, Carr VJ, Carrera N, Catts SV, Chambert KD, Chan RC, Chen RY, Chen EY, Cheng W, Cheung EF, Chong SA, Cloninger CR, Cohen D, Cohen N, Cormican P, Craddock N, Crowley JJ, Curtis D, Davidson M, Davis KL, Degenhardt F, Del Favero J, Demontis D, Dikeos D, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Duan J, Dudbridge F, Durmishi N, Eichhammer P, Eriksson J, Escott-Price V, Essioux L, Fanous AH, Farrell MS, Frank J, Franke L, Freedman R, Freimer NB, Friedl M, Friedman JI, Fromer M, Genovese G, Georgieva L, Giegling I, Giusti-Rodríguez P, Godard S, Goldstein JI, Golimbet V, Gopal S, Gratten J, de Haan L, Hammer C, Hamshere ML, Hansen M, Hansen T, Haroutunian V, Hartmann AM, Henskens FA, Herms S, Hirschhorn JN, Hoffmann P, Hofman A, Hollegaard MV, Hougaard DM, Ikeda M, Joa I, Juliá A, Kahn RS, Kalaydjieva L, Karachanak-Yankova S, Karjalainen J, Kavanagh D, Keller MC, Kennedy JL, Khrunin A, Kim Y, Klovins J, Knowles JA, Konte B, Kucinskas V, Kucinskiene ZA, Kuzelova-Ptackova H, Kähler AK, Laurent C, Keong JLC, Legge SE, Lerer B, Li M, Li T, Liang KY, Lieberman J, Limborska S, Loughland CM, Lubinski J, Lönnqvist J, Macek M, Magnusson PK, Maher BS, Maier W, Mallet J, Marsal S, Mattheisen M, Mattingsda M, McCarley RW, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, Meier S, Meijer CJ, Melegh B, Melle I, Mesholam-Gately RI, Metspalu A, Michie PT, Milani L, Milanova V, Mokrab Y, Morris DW, Mors O, Murphy KC, Murray RM, Myin-Germeys I, Müller-Myhsok B, Nelis M, Nenadic I, Nertney DA, Nestadt G, Nicodemus KK, Nikitina-Zake L, Nisenbaum L, Nordin A, O’Callaghan E, O’Dushlaine C, O’Neill FA, Oh SY, Olinc A, Olsen L, Van Os J, Pantelis C, Papadimitriou GN, Papio S, Parkhomenko E, Pato MT, Paunio T, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Perkins DO, Pietiläinenl O, Pimm J, Pocklington AJ, Powell J, Price A, Pulver AE, Purcell SM, Quested D, Rasmussen HB, Reichenberg A, Reimers MA, Richards AL, Roffman JL, Roussos P, Ruderfer DM, Salomaa V, Sanders AR, Schall U, Schubert CR, Schulze TG, Schwab SG, Scolnick EM, Scott RJ, Seidman LJ, Shi J, Sigurdsson E, Silagadze T, Silverman JM, Sim K, Slominsky P, Smoller JW, So HC, Spencer CC, Stah EA, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Stogmann E, Straub RE, Strengman E, Strohmaier J, Stroup TS, Subramaniam M, Suvisaari J, Svrakic DM, Szatkiewicz JP, Söderman E, Thirumalai S, Toncheva D, Tosato S, Veijola J, Waddington J, Walsh D, Wang D, Wang Q, Webb BT, Weiser M, Wildenauer DB, Williams NM, Williams S, Witt SH, Wolen AR, Wong EH, Wormley BK, Xi HS, Zai CC, Zheng X, Zimprich F, Stefansson K, Visscher PM, Adolfsson R, Andreassen OA, Blackwood DH, Bramon E, Buxbaum JD, Børglum AD, Cichon S, Darvasi A, Domenici E, Ehrenreich H, Esko T, Gejman PV, Gill M, Gurling H, Hultman CM, Iwata N, Jablensky AV, Jönsson EG, Kendler KS, Kirov G, Knight J, Lencz T, Levinson DF, Li QS, Liu J, Malhotra AK, McCarrol SA, McQuillin A, Moran JL, Mortensen PB, Mowry BJ, Nöthen MM, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Palotie A, Pato CN, Petryshen TL, Posthuma D, Rietsche M, Riley BP, Rujescu D, Sham PC, Sklar P, St Clair D, Weinberger DR, Wendland JR, Werge T, Daly MJ, Sullivan PF, O’Donovan MC. Estimation of Genetic Correlation via Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Genomic Restricted Maximum Likelihood. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:1185-1194. [PMID: 29754766 PMCID: PMC5993419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic correlation is a key population parameter that describes the shared genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases. It can be estimated by current state-of-art methods, i.e., linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and genomic restricted maximum likelihood (GREML). The massively reduced computing burden of LDSC compared to GREML makes it an attractive tool, although the accuracy (i.e., magnitude of standard errors) of LDSC estimates has not been thoroughly studied. In simulation, we show that the accuracy of GREML is generally higher than that of LDSC. When there is genetic heterogeneity between the actual sample and reference data from which LD scores are estimated, the accuracy of LDSC decreases further. In real data analyses estimating the genetic correlation between schizophrenia (SCZ) and body mass index, we show that GREML estimates based on ∼150,000 individuals give a higher accuracy than LDSC estimates based on ∼400,000 individuals (from combined meta-data). A GREML genomic partitioning analysis reveals that the genetic correlation between SCZ and height is significantly negative for regulatory regions, which whole genome or LDSC approach has less power to detect. We conclude that LDSC estimates should be carefully interpreted as there can be uncertainty about homogeneity among combined meta-datasets. We suggest that any interesting findings from massive LDSC analysis for a large number of complex traits should be followed up, where possible, with more detailed analyses with GREML methods, even if sample sizes are lesser.
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Diallo A, Jacobi H, Cook A, Labrum R, Durr A, Brice A, Charles P, Marelli C, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Panzeri M, Rakowicz M, Sobanska A, Sulek A, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Schöls L, Hengel H, Melegh B, Filla A, Antenora A, Infante J, Berciano J, van de Warrenburg BP, Timmann D, Boesch S, Pandolfo M, Schulz JB, Bauer P, Giunti P, Kang JS, Klockgether T, Tezenas du Montcel S. Survival in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6 (EUROSCA): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:327-334. [PMID: 29553382 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxias are dominantly inherited progressive ataxia disorders that can lead to premature death. We aimed to study the overall survival of patients with the most common spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6) and to identify the strongest contributing predictors that affect survival. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study (EUROSCA), we enrolled men and women, aged 18 years or older, from 17 ataxia referral centres in ten European countries; participants had positive genetic test results for SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6 and progressive, otherwise unexplained, ataxias. Survival was defined as the time from enrolment to death for any reason. We used the Cox regression model adjusted for age at baseline to analyse survival. We used prognostic factors with a p value less than 0·05 from a multivariate model to build nomograms and assessed their performance based on discrimination and calibration. The EUROSCA study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02440763. FINDINGS Between July 1, 2005, and Aug 31, 2006, 525 patients with SCA1 (n=117), SCA2 (n=162), SCA3 (n=139), or SCA6 (n=107) were enrolled and followed up. The 10-year survival rate was 57% (95% CI 47-69) for SCA1, 74% (67-81) for SCA2, 73% (65-82) for SCA3, and 87% (80-94) for SCA6. Factors associated with shorter survival were: dysphagia (hazard ratio 4·52, 95% CI 1·83-11·15) and a higher value for the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score (1·26, 1·19-1·33) for patients with SCA1; older age at inclusion (1·04, 1·01-1·08), longer CAG repeat length (1·16, 1·03-1·31), and higher SARA score (1·15, 1·10-1·20) for patients with SCA2; older age at inclusion (1·44, 1·20-1·74), dystonia (2·65, 1·21-5·53), higher SARA score (1·26, 1·17-1·35), and negative interaction between CAG and age at inclusion (0·994, 0·991-0·997) for patients with SCA3; and higher SARA score (1·17, 1·08-1·27) for patients with SCA6. The nomogram-predicted probability of 10-year survival showed good discrimination (c index 0·905 [SD 0·027] for SCA1, 0·822 [0·032] for SCA2, 0·891 [0·021] for SCA3, and 0·825 [0·054] for SCA6). INTERPRETATION Our study provides quantitative data on the survival of patients with the most common spinocerebellar ataxias, based on a long follow-up period. These results have implications for the design of future interventional studies of spinocerebellar ataxias; for example, the prognostic survival nomogram could be useful for selection and stratification of patients. Our findings need validation in an external population before they can be used to counsel patients and their families. FUNDING European Union 6th Framework programme, German Ministry of Education and Research, Polish Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology, European Union 7th Framework programme, and Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassane Diallo
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Arron Cook
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robyn Labrum
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Paris, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Genetics Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Service de Neurologie-CMRR, CHRU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Panzeri
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sobanska
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sulek
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Zala County Hospital, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neuroscience, and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Antenora
- Department of Neuroscience, and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Italy
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - José Berciano
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Neurology Service, ULB Hôpital Erasme, ULB Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen-Jülich, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jun-Suk Kang
- Department of Neurology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Paris, Paris, France.
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Bene J, Hadzsiev K, Melegh B. Role of carnitine and its derivatives in the development and management of type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:8. [PMID: 29549241 PMCID: PMC5856836 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with several complications such as retinopathy, hyperlipidemia and polyneuropathy. The dysregulated fatty acid metabolism along with tissue lipid accumulation is generally assumed to be associated in the development of insulin resistance and T2D. Moreover, several studies suggest a central role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease. Since L-carnitine (LC) has an indispensable role in lipid metabolism via its involvement in the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and it has antioxidant properties as well, carnitine supplementation may prove to be an effective tool in the management of the clinical course of T2D. In this review we summarize the results from animal and clinical studies demonstrating the effects of supplementation with LC or LC derivatives (acetyl-LC, propionyl-LC) on various metabolic and clinical parameters associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary. .,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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21
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Matyas P, Postyeni E, Komlosi K, Szalai R, Bene J, Magyari L, Melegh B, Hadzsiev K. Age-Related Hearing Impairment Associated NAT2, GRM7, GRHL2 Susceptibility Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotypes in Roma and Hungarian Populations. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1349-1355. [PMID: 29455378 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most frequent sensory disease in the elderly, which is caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Here we examined the ethnic differences, allele and genotype frequencies of the NAT2, GRM7, and GRHL2 genes pooled samples of healthy Hungarian and healthy and hearing impaired Roma people. Study populations of healthy Hungarian and Roma subjects were characterized for the rs1799930 NAT2, rs11928865 GRM7, rs10955255, rs13263539, and rs1981361 GRHL2 polymorphisms and deaf Roma subjects were characterized for the rs1799930 NAT2, rs13263539, and rs1981361 GRHL2 using a PCR-RFLP method. We found significant differences in minor allele frequencies for GRHL2 rs13263539 and rs1981361 polymorphism between healthy Roma and Hungarian samples (37.9% vs. 51.0% and 43.6% vs. 56.2%, respectively; p < 0.05). The differences of homozygous genotype of GRHL2 rs13263539 and rs1981361 variants, values were also significantly different (13.0% vs. 25.3% and 16.5 vs. 32.3%; p < 0.05). The NAT2 rs1799930 homozygous genotype was 14.0% in healthy Romas and 7.7% in Hungarians, while the minor A allele frequency was 38.0% and 26.7% in Roma and Hungarian population, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of GGT, GAC and GAT haplotypes was significantly higher in the Hungarian population than in healthy Roma (1.87 vs. 4.47%, 0.91 vs. 2.07% and 1.15 vs. 5.51%, respectively; p < 0.008). Present study revealed significant interethnic differences in allele polymorphisms of NAT2, GRM7 and GRHL2 exhibit quite marked ethnic differences in Roma populations that might have important implications for the preventive and therapeutic treatments in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Matyas
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Etelka Postyeni
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Katalin Komlosi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Lili Magyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary. .,Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
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22
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Varnai R, Sipeky C, Nagy L, Balogh S, Melegh B. CYP2C9 and VKORC1 in therapeutic dosing and safety of acenocoumarol treatment: implication for clinical practice in Hungary. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 56:282-289. [PMID: 29055218 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the contribution of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 to acenocoumarol (AC) dose variability, bleeding events in Hungary. The study recruited 117 patients on long-term AC therapy (INR 2-3), and 510 healthy individuals to model the findings. Patients were genotyped for alleles proved to affect lower AC overdose CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, VKORC1*2. Additionally, we tested VKORC1*3, VKORC1*4 to examine their effect in patients with higher AC requirements. Most impact on dose reduction is accountable for CYP2C9*2/*3 (59%) and for VKORC1*2/*2 (45.5%), and on dose increase for newly evaluated VKORC1*3/*4 (22.5%) diplotypes. VKORC1*3 and *4 alleles seem to balance the dose-reducing effect of VKORC1*2 allele. Being a carrier of combination of VKORC1*2 and CYP2C9*2,*3 polymorphisms, rather than of one of these SNPs, is associated with higher risk of over-anticoagulation (up to 34.3%) in long-term AC treatment. The pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm involving VKORC1, CYP2C9 diplotypes and age explains 30.4% of AC dosing variability (p<6.10×10-9). Correlation between the studied diplotypes and bleeding events could not be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Varnai
- University of Pecs, Department of Primary Health Care, H-7623 Pecs, Rakoczi 2, Hungary; University of Pécs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, H-7621 Pécs, Vörösmarty 4, Hungary
| | - Csilla Sipeky
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Nagy
- University of Pecs, Department of Primary Health Care, H-7623 Pecs, Rakoczi 2, Hungary
| | - Sandor Balogh
- University of Pecs, Department of Primary Health Care, H-7623 Pecs, Rakoczi 2, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
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23
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Tripolszki K, Farkas K, Sulák A, Szolnoky G, Duga B, Melegh B, Knox RG, Parker VER, Semple RK, Kemény L, Széll M, Nagy N. Atypical neurofibromatosis type 1 with unilateral limb hypertrophy mimicking overgrowth syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:763-766. [PMID: 28598037 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; OMIM 162200), a dominantly inherited multitumor syndrome, results from mutations in the Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene. We present the case of a Hungarian woman with the clinical phenotype of NF1 over her whole body and the clinical features of unilateral overgrowth involving her entire left leg. This unusual phenotype suggested either the atypical form of NF1 or the coexistence of NF1 and overgrowth syndrome. Direct sequencing of the genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood revealed a novel frameshift mutation (c.5727insT, p.V1909fsX1912) in the NF1 gene. Next-generation sequencing of 50 oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, performed on the genomic DNAs isolated from tissue samples and peripheral blood, detected only wild-type sequences. Based on these results, we concluded that the patient is affected by an unusual phenotype of NF1, and that the observed unilateral overgrowth of the left leg might be a rare consequence of the identified c.5727insT mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tripolszki
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Farkas
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Sulák
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Szolnoky
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - B Duga
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - B Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - R G Knox
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V E R Parker
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R K Semple
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Kemény
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - M Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - N Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Abstract
Background Recent genetic studies based on genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data further investigated the history of Roma and suggested that the source of South Asian ancestry in Roma originates most likely from the Northwest region of India. Methods In this study, based also on genome-wide SNP data, we attempted to refine these findings using significantly larger number of European Roma samples, an extended dataset of Indian groups and involving Pakistani groups into the analyses. Our Roma data contained 179 Roma samples. Our extended Indian data consisted of 51 distinct Indian ethnic groups, which provided us a higher resolution of the population living on the Indian subcontinent. We used in this study principal component analysis and other ancestry estimating methods for the study of population relationships, several formal tests of admixture and an improved algorithm for investigating shared IBD segments in order to investigate the main sources of Roma ancestry. Results According to our analyses, Roma showed significant IBD sharing of 0.132 Mb with Northwest Indian ethnic groups. The most significant IBD sharings included ethnic groups of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat states. However, we found also significant IBD sharing of 0.087 Mb with ethnic groups living in Pakistan, such as Balochi, Brahui, Burusho, Kalash, Makrani, Pashtun and Sindhi. Conclusion Our results show that Northwest India could play an important role in the South Asian ancestry of Roma, however, the origin of Romani people might include the area of Pakistan as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-017-0547-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela I Melegh
- University of Pecs, Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag Road 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Szigeti Road 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Banfai
- University of Pecs, Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag Road 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Szigeti Road 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- University of Pecs, Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag Road 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Szigeti Road 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti Road 13, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- University of Pecs, Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag Road 20, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Szigeti Road 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
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25
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Diallo A, Jacobi H, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Cook A, Labrum R, Durr A, Brice A, Charles P, Marelli C, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Panzeri M, Rakowicz M, Sobanska A, Sulek A, Schöls L, Hengel H, Melegh B, Filla A, Antenora A, Infante J, Berciano J, van de Warrenburg BP, Timmann D, Boesch S, Pandolfo M, Schulz JB, Bauer P, Giunti P, Baliko L, Parkinson MH, Kang JS, Klockgether T, Tezenas du Montcel S. Body Mass Index Decline Is Related to Spinocerebellar Ataxia Disease Progression. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 4:689-697. [PMID: 30363449 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are dominantly inherited, progressive ataxia disorders. Disease progression could be preceded by weight loss. Objectives We aimed to study the course of weight loss in patients who had the most common SCAs (SCA1, SCA2 SCA3, and SCA6). Additional objectives were to identify subgroups of weight evolution, to determine the factors influencing these evolutions, and to assess the impact of these evolutions on disease progression. Methods In total, 384 patients from the EUROSCA prospective cohort study were analyzed who had SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6 and at least 3 measurements of weight. Age was used as a time scale. Clinical outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating Ataxia (SARA), with scores ranging from 0 to 40. We used a linear mixed model to analyze the course of BMI and a latent class mixed model to identify subgroup BMI evolution. Results Overall, BMI declined over time (-0.11 ± 0.03 kg/m2 per decade; P = 0.0009). Three subgroups of BMI evolution were identified: "decreasing BMI" (n = 88; 23%), "increasing BMI" (n = 70; 18%) and "stable BMI" (n = 226; 59%). Patients in the decreasing BMI group were more severely affected at baseline with higher SARA scores and a higher frequency of non-ataxia signs (especially motor symptoms) compared with those in the other groups. Weight loss was associated with faster disease progression (5.7 ± 0.7 SARA points per decade; P = 0.036). Conclusions The current data have substantial implications for the design of future interventional studies in SCA, as they provide a basis for patient stratification and emphasize the usefulness of BMI as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression.
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26
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Baynam G, Broley S, Bauskis A, Pachter N, McKenzie F, Townshend S, Slee J, Kiraly-Borri C, Vasudevan A, Hawkins A, Schofield L, Helmholz P, Palmer R, Kung S, Walker CE, Molster C, Lewis B, Mina K, Beilby J, Pathak G, Poulton C, Groza T, Zankl A, Roscioli T, Dinger ME, Mattick JS, Gahl W, Groft S, Tifft C, Taruscio D, Lasko P, Kosaki K, Wilhelm H, Melegh B, Carapetis J, Jana S, Chaney G, Johns A, Owen PW, Daly F, Weeramanthri T, Dawkins H, Goldblatt J. Initiating an undiagnosed diseases program in the Western Australian public health system. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:83. [PMID: 28468665 PMCID: PMC5415708 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New approaches are required to address the needs of complex undiagnosed diseases patients. These approaches include clinical genomic diagnostic pipelines, utilizing intra- and multi-disciplinary platforms, as well as specialty-specific genomic clinics. Both are advancing diagnostic rates. However, complementary cross-disciplinary approaches are also critical to address those patients with multisystem disorders who traverse the bounds of multiple specialties and remain undiagnosed despite existing intra-specialty and genomic-focused approaches. The diagnostic possibilities of undiagnosed diseases include genetic and non-genetic conditions. The focus on genetic diseases addresses some of these disorders, however a cross-disciplinary approach is needed that also simultaneously addresses other disorder types. Herein, we describe the initiation and summary outcomes of a public health system approach for complex undiagnosed patients - the Undiagnosed Diseases Program-Western Australia (UDP-WA). Results Briefly the UDP-WA is: i) one of a complementary suite of approaches that is being delivered within health service, and with community engagement, to address the needs of those with severe undiagnosed diseases; ii) delivered within a public health system to support equitable access to health care, including for those from remote and regional areas; iii) providing diagnoses and improved patient care; iv) delivering a platform for in-service and real time genomic and phenomic education for clinicians that traverses a diverse range of specialties; v) retaining and recapturing clinical expertise; vi) supporting the education of junior and more senior medical staff; vii) designed to integrate with clinical translational research; and viii) is supporting greater connectedness for patients, families and medical staff. Conclusion The UDP-WA has been initiated in the public health system to complement existing clinical genomic approaches; it has been targeted to those with a specific diagnostic need, and initiated by redirecting existing clinical and financial resources. The UDP-WA supports the provision of equitable and sustainable diagnostics and simultaneously supports capacity building in clinical care and translational research, for those with undiagnosed, typically rare, conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-017-0619-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia. .,Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Perth, WA, Australia. .,School of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Broley
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alicia Bauskis
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona McKenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharron Townshend
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennie Slee
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cathy Kiraly-Borri
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anand Vasudevan
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anne Hawkins
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lyn Schofield
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Petra Helmholz
- School of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard Palmer
- School of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stefanie Kung
- School of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caroline E Walker
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caron Molster
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Barry Lewis
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kym Mina
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Tudor Groza
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Zankl
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Clinical Genetics Service, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - John S Mattick
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - William Gahl
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Rockville, MD, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Groft
- National Centre for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia Tifft
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Rockville, MD, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Domenica Taruscio
- Instituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Rare Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Lasko
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Genetics, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sayanta Jana
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Frank Daly
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tarun Weeramanthri
- Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hugh Dawkins
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jack Goldblatt
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Szalai R, Hadzsiev K, Melegh B. Cytochrome P450 Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Roma Population Samples: Systematic Review of the Literature. Curr Med Chem 2017; 23:3632-3652. [PMID: 27516201 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160809092455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes are highly polymorphic and show inter-individual differences in variability in drug response, which varies widely also with ethnicity. This study aims to summarize the available data on genetic polymorphisms associated with cytochrome enzymes conducted on Roma populations. Our goal was to compare the frequency of the variant alleles, genotypes and predicted phenotypes with corresponding rates from other populations. We carried out a systematic review including the papers published on the pharmacogenetically relevant variants of cytochrome P450 genes related to Roma population. The study was performed using several articles, websites and databases, including PubMed, Ensembl, dbSNP, HapMap and 1000 Genomes Project. This review attempts to summarize and discuss our current knowledge about the frequency distribution of the ever investigated 20 allelic variants of 9 cytochrome genes (CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP4F2) in Roma DNA samples and compare them with other populations. Differences between Roma and Hungarian samples are reported for 7 variant genotypes. CYP2C9 *2/*3 and CYP2C19 *2/*2 genotypes showed more than 3-fold differences. Additional differences are displayed for allele frequency of 7 variants (rs762551, rs3745274, rs1058930, rs1065852, rs3892097, rs1057910 and rs4244285) in Roma population samples. The interethnic variability in clinically relevant genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes, which may explain distinct drug response, highlights the need to allow for the ancestry of participants in pharmacogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bela Melegh
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624, Hungary..
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28
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Papp E, Havasi V, Bene J, Komlosi K, Czopf L, Magyar E, Feher C, Feher G, Horvath B, Marton Z, Alexy T, Habon T, Szabo L, Toth K, Melegh B. Glycoprotein IIIA Gene (PIA) Polymorphism and Aspirin Resistance: Is There Any Correlation? Ann Pharmacother 2017; 39:1013-8. [PMID: 15840736 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1e227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors play an inevitable role in platelet aggregation. The GP IIIa gene is polymorphic ( PIA1/PIA2) and the presence of a PIA2 allele might be associated with an increased risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).OBJECTIVE:To examine the prevalence of the PIA2 allele in patients with ACS and in subjects with or without aspirin resistance.METHODS:The prevalence of the PIA2 allele was assessed in 158 patients with ACS and PIA2 compared with its prevalence in 199 healthy volunteers. The antiplatelet efficacy of aspirin was examined in all patients with ACS, as well as in 69 individuals who had suffered ischemic stroke and in 58 high-risk subjects without any known ischemic vascular events.RESULTS:PIA2 prevalence was significantly higher in patients with ACS (59/158) than in the control group (51/199; p < 0.05). Carriers of the PIA2 allele had a significantly higher risk of developing ACS, even after an adjustment to the risk factors (OR 5.74; 95% CI 1.75 to 18.8; p = 0.004). The occurrence of the PIA2 allele was significantly higher among patients with aspirin resistance than in subjects who demonstrated an appropriate response to the drug (allele frequencies, 0.21 vs 0.14; p < 0.05). All patients homozygous for the PIA2 allele had an inadequate platelet response to aspirin.CONCLUSIONS:Our results support the hypothesis that carriers of the PIA2 allele might have an increased risk for ACS. PIA2 homozygosity was associated with an inadequate response to aspirin therapy. Our data further suggest that patients with PIA2 allele homozygosity might benefit from antiplatelet therapy based on adenosine diphosphate antagonists throughout secondary treatment for prevention of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elod Papp
- First Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
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29
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Sumegi K, Duga B, Melegh BI, Banfai Z, Kovesdi E, Maasz A, Melegh B. Marked Differences of Haplotype Tagging SNP Distribution, Linkage, and Haplotype Profile of APOA5 Gene in Roma Population Samples. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 23:853-861. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Seidel K, Siswanto S, Fredrich M, Bouzrou M, den Dunnen WFA, Özerden I, Korf HW, Melegh B, de Vries JJ, Brunt ER, Auburger G, Rüb U. On the distribution of intranuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates in the brainstem of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and 3. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:345-355. [PMID: 27377427 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the expansion of polyQ sequences in unrelated disease proteins, which form different types of neuronal aggregates. The aim of this study was to characterize the aggregation pathology in the brainstem of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and 3 (SCA3) patients. For good recognition of neurodegeneration and rare aggregates, we employed 100 µm PEG embedded brainstem sections, which were immunostained with the 1C2 antibody, targeted at polyQ expansions, or with an antibody against p62, a reliable marker of protein aggregates. Brainstem areas were scored semiquantitatively for neurodegeneration, severity of granular cytoplasmic staining (GCS) and frequency of neuronal nuclear inclusions (NNI). SCA2 and SCA3 tissue exhibited the same aggregate types and similar staining patterns. Several brainstem areas showed statistically significant differences between disease groups, whereby SCA2 showed more severe GCS and SCA3 showed more numerous NNI. We observed a positive correlation between GCS severity and neurodegeneration in SCA2 and SCA3 and an inverse correlation between the frequency of NNI and neurodegeneration in SCA3. Although their respective disease proteins are unrelated, SCA2 and SCA3 showed the same aggregate types. Apparently, the polyQ sequence alone is sufficient as a driver of protein aggregation. This is then modified by protein context and intrinsic properties of neuronal populations. The severity of GCS was the best predictor of neurodegeneration in both disorders, while the inverse correlation of neurodegeneration and NNI in SCA3 tissue implies a protective role of these aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Seidel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy II, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sonny Siswanto
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy II, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Fredrich
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy II, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mohamed Bouzrou
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy II, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inci Özerden
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy II, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Horst-Werner Korf
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy II, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jeroen J de Vries
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ewout R Brunt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, J.W. Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Udo Rüb
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy II, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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31
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Srivastava AK, Wang Y, Huang R, Skinner C, Thompson T, Pollard L, Wood T, Luo F, Stevenson R, Polimanti R, Gelernter J, Lin X, Lim IY, Wu Y, Teh AL, Chen L, Aris IM, Soh SE, Tint MT, MacIsaac JL, Yap F, Kwek K, Saw SM, Kobor MS, Meaney MJ, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Holbrook JD, Lee YS, Gluckman PD, Karnani N, Kapoor A, Lee D, Chakravarti A, Maercker C, Graf F, Boutros M, Stamoulis G, Santoni F, Makrythanasis P, Letourneau A, Guipponi M, Panousis N, Garieri M, Ribaux P, Falconnet E, Borel C, Antonarakis SE, Kumar S, Curran J, Blangero J, Chatterjee S, Kapoor A, Akiyama J, Auer D, Berrios C, Pennacchio L, Chakravarti A, Donti TR, Cappuccio G, Miller M, Atwal P, Kennedy A, Cardon A, Bacino C, Emrick L, Hertecant J, Baumer F, Porter B, Bainbridge M, Bonnen P, Graham B, Sutton R, Sun Q, Elsea S, Hu Z, Wang P, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Xiong M, Bennett DA, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Cordoba S, Rodriguez-Cuevas S, Rebollar-Vega R, Tagliabue E, Iorio M, D’Ippolito E, Baroni S, Kaczkowski B, Tanaka Y, Kawaji H, Sandelin A, Andersson R, Itoh M, Lassmann T, Hayashizaki Y, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Semple CA, Rosenthal EA, Shirts B, Amendola L, Gallego C, Horike-Pyne M, Burt A, Robertson P, Beyers P, Nefcy C, Veenstra D, Hisama F, Bennett R, Dorschner M, Nickerson D, Smith J, Patterson K, Crosslin D, Nassir R, Zubair N, Harrison T, Peters U, Jarvik G, Menghi F, Inaki K, Woo X, Kumar P, Grzeda K, Malhotra A, Kim H, Ucar D, Shreckengast P, Karuturi K, Keck J, Chuang J, Liu ET, Ji B, Tyler A, Ananda G, Carter G, Nikbakht H, Montagne M, Zeinieh M, Harutyunyan A, Mcconechy M, Jabado N, Lavigne P, Majewski J, Goldstein JB, Overman M, Varadhachary G, Shroff R, Wolff R, Javle M, Futreal A, Fogelman D, Bravo L, Fajardo W, Gomez H, Castaneda C, Rolfo C, Pinto JA, Akdemir KC, Chin L, Futreal A, Patterson S, Statz C, Mockus S, Nikolaev SN, Bonilla XI, Parmentier L, King B, Bezrukov F, Kaya G, Zoete V, Seplyarskiy V, Sharpe H, McKee T, Letourneau A, Ribaux P, Popadin K, Basset-Seguin N, Chaabene RB, Santoni F, Andrianova M, Guipponi M, Garieri M, Verdan C, Grosdemange K, Sumara O, Eilers M, Aifantis I, Michielin O, de Sauvage F, Antonarakis S, Likhitrattanapisal S, Lincoln S, Kurian A, Desmond A, Yang S, Kobayashi Y, Ford J, Ellisen L, Peters TL, Alvarez KR, Hollingsworth EF, Lopez-Terrada DH, Hastie A, Dzakula Z, Pang AW, Lam ET, Anantharaman T, Saghbini M, Cao H, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Ma L, King A, Rosenzweig EB, Krishnan U, Reid JG, Overton JD, Dewey F, Chung WK, Small K, DeLuca A, Cremers F, Lewis RA, Puech V, Bakall B, Silva-Garcia R, Rohrschneider K, Leys M, Shaya FS, Stone E, Sobreira NL, Schiettecatte F, Ling H, Pugh E, Witmer D, Hetrick K, Zhang P, Doheny K, Valle D, Hamosh A, Jhangiani SN, Akdemir ZC, Bainbridge MN, Charng W, Wiszniewski W, Gambin T, Karaca E, Bayram Y, Eldomery MK, Posey J, Doddapaneni H, Hu J, Sutton VR, Muzny DM, Boerwinkle EA, Valle D, Lupski JR, Gibbs RA, Shekar S, Salerno W, English A, Mangubat A, Bruestle J, Thorogood A, Knoppers BM, Takahashi H, Nitta KR, Kozhuharova A, Suzuki AM, Sharma H, Cotella D, Santoro C, Zucchelli S, Gustincich S, Carninci P, Mulvihill JJ, Baynam G, Gahl W, Groft SC, Kosaki K, Lasko P, Melegh B, Taruscio D, Ghosh R, Plon S, Scherer S, Qin X, Sanghvi R, Walker K, Chiang T, Muzny D, Wang L, Black J, Boerwinkle E, Weinshilboum R, Gibbs R, Karpinets T, Calderone T, Wani K, Yu X, Creasy C, Haymaker C, Forget M, Nanda V, Roszik J, Wargo J, Haydu L, Song X, Lazar A, Gershenwald J, Davies M, Bernatchez C, Zhang J, Futreal A, Woodman S, Chesler EJ, Reynolds T, Bubier JA, Phillips C, Langston MA, Baker EJ, Xiong M, Ma L, Lin N, Amos C, Lin N, Wang P, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Calhoun V, Xiong M, Dobretsberger O, Egger M, Leimgruber F, Sadedin S, Oshlack A, Antonio VAA, Ono N, Ahmed Z, Bolisetty M, Zeeshan S, Anguiano E, Ucar D, Sarkar A, Nandineni MR, Zeng C, Shao J, Cao H, Hastie A, Pang AW, Lam ET, Liang T, Pham K, Saghbini M, Dzakula Z, Chee-Wei Y, Dongsheng L, Lai-Ping W, Lian D, Hee ROT, Yunus Y, Aghakhanian F, Mokhtar SS, Lok-Yung CV, Bhak J, Phipps M, Shuhua X, Yik-Ying T, Kumar V, Boon-Peng H, Campbell I, Young MA, James P, Rain M, Mohammad G, Kukreti R, Pasha Q, Akilzhanova AR, Guelly C, Abilova Z, Rakhimova S, Akhmetova A, Kairov U, Trajanoski S, Zhumadilov Z, Bekbossynova M, Schumacher C, Sandhu S, Harkins T, Makarov V, Doddapaneni H, Glenn R, Momin Z, Dilrukshi B, Chao H, Meng Q, Gudenkauf B, Kshitij R, Jayaseelan J, Nessner C, Lee S, Blankenberg K, Lewis L, Hu J, Han Y, Dinh H, Jireh S, Walker K, Boerwinkle E, Muzny D, Gibbs R, Hu J, Walker K, Buhay C, Liu X, Wang Q, Sanghvi R, Doddapaneni H, Ding Y, Veeraraghavan N, Yang Y, Boerwinkle E, Beaudet AL, Eng CM, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Worley KCC, Liu Y, Hughes DST, Murali SC, Harris RA, English AC, Qin X, Hampton OA, Larsen P, Beck C, Han Y, Wang M, Doddapaneni H, Kovar CL, Salerno WJ, Yoder A, Richards S, Rogers J, Lupski JR, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Meng Q, Bainbridge M, Wang M, Doddapaneni H, Han Y, Muzny D, Gibbs R, Harris RA, Raveenedran M, Xue C, Dahdouli M, Cox L, Fan G, Ferguson B, Hovarth J, Johnson Z, Kanthaswamy S, Kubisch M, Platt M, Smith D, Vallender E, Wiseman R, Liu X, Below J, Muzny D, Gibbs R, Yu F, Rogers J, Lin J, Zhang Y, Ouyang Z, Moore A, Wang Z, Hofmann J, Purdue M, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Weinstein S, Albanes D, Liu CS, Cheng WL, Lin TT, Lan Q, Rothman N, Berndt S, Chen ES, Bahrami H, Khoshzaban A, Keshal SH, Bahrami H, Khoshzaban A, Keshal SH, Alharbi KKR, Zhalbinova M, Akilzhanova A, Rakhimova S, Bekbosynova M, Myrzakhmetova S, Matar M, Mili N, Molinari R, Ma Y, Guerrier S, Elhawary N, Tayeb M, Bogari N, Qotb N, McClymont SA, Hook PW, Goff LA, McCallion A, Kong Y, Charette JR, Hicks WL, Naggert JK, Zhao L, Nishina PM, Edrees BM, Athar M, Al-Allaf FA, Taher MM, Khan W, Bouazzaoui A, Harbi NA, Safar R, Al-Edressi H, Anazi A, Altayeb N, Ahmed MA, Alansary K, Abduljaleel Z, Kratz A, Beguin P, Poulain S, Kaneko M, Takahiko C, Matsunaga A, Kato S, Suzuki AM, Bertin N, Lassmann T, Vigot R, Carninci P, Plessy C, Launey T, Graur D, Lee D, Kapoor A, Chakravarti A, Friis-Nielsen J, Izarzugaza JM, Brunak S, Chakraborty A, Basak J, Mukhopadhyay A, Soibam BS, Das D, Biswas N, Das S, Sarkar S, Maitra A, Panda C, Majumder P, Morsy H, Gaballah A, Samir M, Shamseya M, Mahrous H, Ghazal A, Arafat W, Hashish M, Gruber JJ, Jaeger N, Snyder M, Patel K, Bowman S, Davis T, Kraushaar D, Emerman A, Russello S, Henig N, Hendrickson C, Zhang K, Rodriguez-Dorantes M, Cruz-Hernandez CD, Garcia-Tobilla CDP, Solorzano-Rosales S, Jäger N, Chen J, Haile R, Hitchins M, Brooks JD, Snyder M, Jiménez-Morales S, Ramírez M, Nuñez J, Bekker V, Leal Y, Jiménez E, Medina A, Hidalgo A, Mejía J, Halytskiy V, Naggert J, Collin GB, DeMauro K, Hanusek R, Nishina PM, Belhassa K, Belhassan K, Bouguenouch L, Samri I, Sayel H, moufid FZ, El Bouchikhi I, Trhanint S, Hamdaoui H, Elotmani I, Khtiri I, Kettani O, Quibibo L, Ahagoud M, Abbassi M, Ouldim K, Marusin AV, Kornetov AN, Swarovskaya M, Vagaiceva K, Stepanov V, De La Paz EMC, Sy R, Nevado J, Reganit P, Santos L, Magno JD, Punzalan FE, Ona D, Llanes E, Santos-Cortes RL, Tiongco R, Aherrera J, Abrahan L, Pagauitan-Alan P, Morelli KH, Domire JS, Pyne N, Harper S, Burgess R, Zhalbinova M, Akilzhanova A, Rakhimova S, Bekbosynova M, Myrzakhmetova S, Gari MA, Dallol A, Alsehli H, Gari A, Gari M, Abuzenadah A, Thomas M, Sukhai M, Garg S, Misyura M, Zhang T, Schuh A, Stockley T, Kamel-Reid S, Sherry S, Xiao C, Slotta D, Rodarmer K, Feolo M, Kimelman M, Godynskiy G, O’Sullivan C, Yaschenko E, Xiao C, Yaschenko E, Sherry S, Rangel-Escareño C, Rueda-Zarate H, Tayubi IA, Mohammed R, Ahmed I, Ahmed T, Seth S, Amin S, Song X, Mao X, Sun H, Verhaak RG, Futreal A, Zhang J, Whiite SJ, Chiang T, English A, Farek J, Kahn Z, Salerno W, Veeraraghavan N, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs R, Kasukawa T, Lizio M, Harshbarger J, Hisashi S, Severin J, Imad A, Sahin S, Freeman TC, Baillie K, Sandelin A, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Kawaji H, Salerno W, English A, Shekar SN, Mangubat A, Bruestle J, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Salem AH, Ali M, Ibrahim A, Ibrahim M, Barrera HA, Garza L, Torres JA, Barajas V, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Kershenobich D, Mortaji S, Guizar P, Loera E, Moreno K, De León A, Monsiváis D, Gómez J, Cardiel R, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Bonifaz-Peña V, Rangel-Escareño C, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Contreras AV, Polfus L, Wang X, Philip V, Carter G, Abuzenadah AA, Gari M, Turki R, Dallol A, Uyar A, Kaygun A, Zaman S, Marquez E, George J, Ucar D, Hendrickson CL, Emerman A, Kraushaar D, Bowman S, Henig N, Davis T, Russello S, Patel K, Starr DB, Baird M, Kirkpatrick B, Sheets K, Nitsche R, Prieto-Lafuente L, Landrum M, Lee J, Rubinstein W, Maglott D, Thavanati PKR, de Dios AE, Hernandez REN, Aldrate MEA, Mejia MRR, Kanala KRR, Abduljaleel Z, Khan W, Al-Allaf FA, Athar M, Taher MM, Shahzad N, Bouazzaoui A, Huber E, Dan A, Al-Allaf FA, Herr W, Sprotte G, Köstler J, Hiergeist A, Gessner A, Andreesen R, Holler E, Al-Allaf F, Alashwal A, Abduljaleel Z, Taher M, Bouazzaoui A, Abalkhail H, Al-Allaf A, Bamardadh R, Athar M, Filiptsova O, Kobets M, Kobets Y, Burlaka I, Timoshyna I, Filiptsova O, Kobets MN, Kobets Y, Burlaka I, Timoshyna I, Filiptsova O, Kobets MN, Kobets Y, Burlaka I, Timoshyna I, Al-allaf FA, Mohiuddin MT, Zainularifeen A, Mohammed A, Abalkhail H, Owaidah T, Bouazzaoui A. Human genome meeting 2016 : Houston, TX, USA. 28 February - 2 March 2016. Hum Genomics 2016; 10 Suppl 1:12. [PMID: 27294413 PMCID: PMC4896275 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-016-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O1 The metabolomics approach to autism: identification of biomarkers for early detection of autism spectrum disorder A. K. Srivastava, Y. Wang, R. Huang, C. Skinner, T. Thompson, L. Pollard, T. Wood, F. Luo, R. Stevenson O2 Phenome-wide association study for smoking- and drinking-associated genes in 26,394 American women with African, Asian, European, and Hispanic descents R. Polimanti, J. Gelernter O3 Effects of prenatal environment, genotype and DNA methylation on birth weight and subsequent postnatal outcomes: findings from GUSTO, an Asian birth cohort X. Lin, I. Y. Lim, Y. Wu, A. L. Teh, L. Chen, I. M. Aris, S. E. Soh, M. T. Tint, J. L. MacIsaac, F. Yap, K. Kwek, S. M. Saw, M. S. Kobor, M. J. Meaney, K. M. Godfrey, Y. S. Chong, J. D. Holbrook, Y. S. Lee, P. D. Gluckman, N. Karnani, GUSTO study group O4 High-throughput identification of specific qt interval modulating enhancers at the SCN5A locus A. Kapoor, D. Lee, A. Chakravarti O5 Identification of extracellular matrix components inducing cancer cell migration in the supernatant of cultivated mesenchymal stem cells C. Maercker, F. Graf, M. Boutros O6 Single cell allele specific expression (ASE) IN T21 and common trisomies: a novel approach to understand DOWN syndrome and other aneuploidies G. Stamoulis, F. Santoni, P. Makrythanasis, A. Letourneau, M. Guipponi, N. Panousis, M. Garieri, P. Ribaux, E. Falconnet, C. Borel, S. E. Antonarakis O7 Role of microRNA in LCL to IPSC reprogramming S. Kumar, J. Curran, J. Blangero O8 Multiple enhancer variants disrupt gene regulatory network in Hirschsprung disease S. Chatterjee, A. Kapoor, J. Akiyama, D. Auer, C. Berrios, L. Pennacchio, A. Chakravarti O9 Metabolomic profiling for the diagnosis of neurometabolic disorders T. R. Donti, G. Cappuccio, M. Miller, P. Atwal, A. Kennedy, A. Cardon, C. Bacino, L. Emrick, J. Hertecant, F. Baumer, B. Porter, M. Bainbridge, P. Bonnen, B. Graham, R. Sutton, Q. Sun, S. Elsea O10 A novel causal methylation network approach to Alzheimer’s disease Z. Hu, P. Wang, Y. Zhu, J. Zhao, M. Xiong, David A Bennett O11 A microRNA signature identifies subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer and reveals MIR-342-3P as regulator of a lactate metabolic pathway A. Hidalgo-Miranda, S. Romero-Cordoba, S. Rodriguez-Cuevas, R. Rebollar-Vega, E. Tagliabue, M. Iorio, E. D’Ippolito, S. Baroni O12 Transcriptome analysis identifies genes, enhancer RNAs and repetitive elements that are recurrently deregulated across multiple cancer types B. Kaczkowski, Y. Tanaka, H. Kawaji, A. Sandelin, R. Andersson, M. Itoh, T. Lassmann, the FANTOM5 consortium, Y. Hayashizaki, P. Carninci, A. R. R. Forrest O13 Elevated mutation and widespread loss of constraint at regulatory and architectural binding sites across 11 tumour types C. A. Semple O14 Exome sequencing provides evidence of pathogenicity for genes implicated in colorectal cancer E. A. Rosenthal, B. Shirts, L. Amendola, C. Gallego, M. Horike-Pyne, A. Burt, P. Robertson, P. Beyers, C. Nefcy, D. Veenstra, F. Hisama, R. Bennett, M. Dorschner, D. Nickerson, J. Smith, K. Patterson, D. Crosslin, R. Nassir, N. Zubair, T. Harrison, U. Peters, G. Jarvik, NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project O15 The tandem duplicator phenotype as a distinct genomic configuration in cancer F. Menghi, K. Inaki, X. Woo, P. Kumar, K. Grzeda, A. Malhotra, H. Kim, D. Ucar, P. Shreckengast, K. Karuturi, J. Keck, J. Chuang, E. T. Liu O16 Modeling genetic interactions associated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer B. Ji, A. Tyler, G. Ananda, G. Carter O17 Recurrent somatic mutation in the MYC associated factor X in brain tumors H. Nikbakht, M. Montagne, M. Zeinieh, A. Harutyunyan, M. Mcconechy, N. Jabado, P. Lavigne, J. Majewski O18 Predictive biomarkers to metastatic pancreatic cancer treatment J. B. Goldstein, M. Overman, G. Varadhachary, R. Shroff, R. Wolff, M. Javle, A. Futreal, D. Fogelman O19 DDIT4 gene expression as a prognostic marker in several malignant tumors L. Bravo, W. Fajardo, H. Gomez, C. Castaneda, C. Rolfo, J. A. Pinto O20 Spatial organization of the genome and genomic alterations in human cancers K. C. Akdemir, L. Chin, A. Futreal, ICGC PCAWG Structural Alterations Group O21 Landscape of targeted therapies in solid tumors S. Patterson, C. Statz, S. Mockus O22 Genomic analysis reveals novel drivers and progression pathways in skin basal cell carcinoma S. N. Nikolaev, X. I. Bonilla, L. Parmentier, B. King, F. Bezrukov, G. Kaya, V. Zoete, V. Seplyarskiy, H. Sharpe, T. McKee, A. Letourneau, P. Ribaux, K. Popadin, N. Basset-Seguin, R. Ben Chaabene, F. Santoni, M. Andrianova, M. Guipponi, M. Garieri, C. Verdan, K. Grosdemange, O. Sumara, M. Eilers, I. Aifantis, O. Michielin, F. de Sauvage, S. Antonarakis O23 Identification of differential biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma via transcriptome microarray meta-analysis S. Likhitrattanapisal O24 Clinical validity and actionability of multigene tests for hereditary cancers in a large multi-center study S. Lincoln, A. Kurian, A. Desmond, S. Yang, Y. Kobayashi, J. Ford, L. Ellisen O25 Correlation with tumor ploidy status is essential for correct determination of genome-wide copy number changes by SNP array T. L. Peters, K. R. Alvarez, E. F. Hollingsworth, D. H. Lopez-Terrada O26 Nanochannel based next-generation mapping for interrogation of clinically relevant structural variation A. Hastie, Z. Dzakula, A. W. Pang, E. T. Lam, T. Anantharaman, M. Saghbini, H. Cao, BioNano Genomics O27 Mutation spectrum in a pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) cohort and identification of associated truncating mutations in TBX4 C. Gonzaga-Jauregui, L. Ma, A. King, E. Berman Rosenzweig, U. Krishnan, J. G. Reid, J. D. Overton, F. Dewey, W. K. Chung O28 NORTH CAROLINA macular dystrophy (MCDR1): mutations found affecting PRDM13 K. Small, A. DeLuca, F. Cremers, R. A. Lewis, V. Puech, B. Bakall, R. Silva-Garcia, K. Rohrschneider, M. Leys, F. S. Shaya, E. Stone O29 PhenoDB and genematcher, solving unsolved whole exome sequencing data N. L. Sobreira, F. Schiettecatte, H. Ling, E. Pugh, D. Witmer, K. Hetrick, P. Zhang, K. Doheny, D. Valle, A. Hamosh O30 Baylor-Johns Hopkins Center for Mendelian genomics: a four year review S. N. Jhangiani, Z. Coban Akdemir, M. N. Bainbridge, W. Charng, W. Wiszniewski, T. Gambin, E. Karaca, Y. Bayram, M. K. Eldomery, J. Posey, H. Doddapaneni, J. Hu, V. R. Sutton, D. M. Muzny, E. A. Boerwinkle, D. Valle, J. R. Lupski, R. A. Gibbs O31 Using read overlap assembly to accurately identify structural genetic differences in an ashkenazi jewish trio S. Shekar, W. Salerno, A. English, A. Mangubat, J. Bruestle O32 Legal interoperability: a sine qua non for international data sharing A. Thorogood, B. M. Knoppers, Global Alliance for Genomics and Health - Regulatory and Ethics Working Group O33 High throughput screening platform of competent sineups: that can enhance translation activities of therapeutic target H. Takahashi, K. R. Nitta, A. Kozhuharova, A. M. Suzuki, H. Sharma, D. Cotella, C. Santoro, S. Zucchelli, S. Gustincich, P. Carninci O34 The undiagnosed diseases network international (UDNI): clinical and laboratory research to meet patient needs J. J. Mulvihill, G. Baynam, W. Gahl, S. C. Groft, K. Kosaki, P. Lasko, B. Melegh, D. Taruscio O36 Performance of computational algorithms in pathogenicity predictions for activating variants in oncogenes versus loss of function mutations in tumor suppressor genes R. Ghosh, S. Plon O37 Identification and electronic health record incorporation of clinically actionable pharmacogenomic variants using prospective targeted sequencing S. Scherer, X. Qin, R. Sanghvi, K. Walker, T. Chiang, D. Muzny, L. Wang, J. Black, E. Boerwinkle, R. Weinshilboum, R. Gibbs O38 Melanoma reprogramming state correlates with response to CTLA-4 blockade in metastatic melanoma T. Karpinets, T. Calderone, K. Wani, X. Yu, C. Creasy, C. Haymaker, M. Forget, V. Nanda, J. Roszik, J. Wargo, L. Haydu, X. Song, A. Lazar, J. Gershenwald, M. Davies, C. Bernatchez, J. Zhang, A. Futreal, S. Woodman O39 Data-driven refinement of complex disease classification from integration of heterogeneous functional genomics data in GeneWeaver E. J. Chesler, T. Reynolds, J. A. Bubier, C. Phillips, M. A. Langston, E. J. Baker O40 A general statistic framework for genome-based disease risk prediction M. Xiong, L. Ma, N. Lin, C. Amos O41 Integrative large-scale causal network analysis of imaging and genomic data and its application in schizophrenia studies N. Lin, P. Wang, Y. Zhu, J. Zhao, V. Calhoun, M. Xiong O42 Big data and NGS data analysis: the cloud to the rescue O. Dobretsberger, M. Egger, F. Leimgruber O43 Cpipe: a convergent clinical exome pipeline specialised for targeted sequencing S. Sadedin, A. Oshlack, Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance O44 A Bayesian classification of biomedical images using feature extraction from deep neural networks implemented on lung cancer data V. A. A. Antonio, N. Ono, Clark Kendrick C. Go O45 MAV-SEQ: an interactive platform for the Management, Analysis, and Visualization of sequence data Z. Ahmed, M. Bolisetty, S. Zeeshan, E. Anguiano, D. Ucar O47 Allele specific enhancer in EPAS1 intronic regions may contribute to high altitude adaptation of Tibetans C. Zeng, J. Shao O48 Nanochannel based next-generation mapping for structural variation detection and comparison in trios and populations H. Cao, A. Hastie, A. W. Pang, E. T. Lam, T. Liang, K. Pham, M. Saghbini, Z. Dzakula O49 Archaic introgression in indigenous populations of Malaysia revealed by whole genome sequencing Y. Chee-Wei, L. Dongsheng, W. Lai-Ping, D. Lian, R. O. Twee Hee, Y. Yunus, F. Aghakhanian, S. S. Mokhtar, C. V. Lok-Yung, J. Bhak, M. Phipps, X. Shuhua, T. Yik-Ying, V. Kumar, H. Boon-Peng O50 Breast and ovarian cancer prevention: is it time for population-based mutation screening of high risk genes? I. Campbell, M.-A. Young, P. James, Lifepool O53 Comprehensive coverage from low DNA input using novel NGS library preparation methods for WGS and WGBS C. Schumacher, S. Sandhu, T. Harkins, V. Makarov O54 Methods for large scale construction of robust PCR-free libraries for sequencing on Illumina HiSeqX platform H. DoddapaneniR. Glenn, Z. Momin, B. Dilrukshi, H. Chao, Q. Meng, B. Gudenkauf, R. Kshitij, J. Jayaseelan, C. Nessner, S. Lee, K. Blankenberg, L. Lewis, J. Hu, Y. Han, H. Dinh, S. Jireh, K. Walker, E. Boerwinkle, D. Muzny, R. Gibbs O55 Rapid capture methods for clinical sequencing J. Hu, K. Walker, C. Buhay, X. Liu, Q. Wang, R. Sanghvi, H. Doddapaneni, Y. Ding, N. Veeraraghavan, Y. Yang, E. Boerwinkle, A. L. Beaudet, C. M. Eng, D. M. Muzny, R. A. Gibbs O56 A diploid personal human genome model for better genomes from diverse sequence data K. C. C. Worley, Y. Liu, D. S. T. Hughes, S. C. Murali, R. A. Harris, A. C. English, X. Qin, O. A. Hampton, P. Larsen, C. Beck, Y. Han, M. Wang, H. Doddapaneni, C. L. Kovar, W. J. Salerno, A. Yoder, S. Richards, J. Rogers, J. R. Lupski, D. M. Muzny, R. A. Gibbs O57 Development of PacBio long range capture for detection of pathogenic structural variants Q. Meng, M. Bainbridge, M. Wang, H. Doddapaneni, Y. Han, D. Muzny, R. Gibbs O58 Rhesus macaques exhibit more non-synonymous variation but greater impact of purifying selection than humans R. A. Harris, M. Raveenedran, C. Xue, M. Dahdouli, L. Cox, G. Fan, B. Ferguson, J. Hovarth, Z. Johnson, S. Kanthaswamy, M. Kubisch, M. Platt, D. Smith, E. Vallender, R. Wiseman, X. Liu, J. Below, D. Muzny, R. Gibbs, F. Yu, J. Rogers O59 Assessing RNA structure disruption induced by single-nucleotide variation J. Lin, Y. Zhang, Z. Ouyang P1 A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of mitochondrial dna copy number A. Moore, Z. Wang, J. Hofmann, M. Purdue, R. Stolzenberg-Solomon, S. Weinstein, D. Albanes, C.-S. Liu, W.-L. Cheng, T.-T. Lin, Q. Lan, N. Rothman, S. Berndt P2 Missense polymorphic genetic combinations underlying down syndrome susceptibility E. S. Chen P4 The evaluation of alteration of ELAM-1 expression in the endometriosis patients H. Bahrami, A. Khoshzaban, S. Heidari Keshal P5 Obesity and the incidence of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms in an assorted population from Saudi Arabia population K. K. R. Alharbi P6 Genome-associated personalized antithrombotical therapy for patients with high risk of thrombosis and bleeding M. Zhalbinova, A. Akilzhanova, S. Rakhimova, M. Bekbosynova, S. Myrzakhmetova P7 Frequency of Xmn1 polymorphism among sickle cell carrier cases in UAE population M. Matar P8 Differentiating inflammatory bowel diseases by using genomic data: dimension of the problem and network organization N. Mili, R. Molinari, Y. Ma, S. Guerrier P9 Vulnerability of genetic variants to the risk of autism among Saudi children N. Elhawary, M. Tayeb, N. Bogari, N. Qotb P10 Chromatin profiles from ex vivo purified dopaminergic neurons establish a promising model to support studies of neurological function and dysfunction S. A. McClymont, P. W. Hook, L. A. Goff, A. McCallion P11 Utilization of a sensitized chemical mutagenesis screen to identify genetic modifiers of retinal dysplasia in homozygous Nr2e3rd7 mice Y. Kong, J. R. Charette, W. L. Hicks, J. K. Naggert, L. Zhao, P. M. Nishina P12 Ion torrent next generation sequencing of recessive polycystic kidney disease in Saudi patients B. M. Edrees, M. Athar, F. A. Al-Allaf, M. M. Taher, W. Khan, A. Bouazzaoui, N. A. Harbi, R. Safar, H. Al-Edressi, A. Anazi, N. Altayeb, M. A. Ahmed, K. Alansary, Z. Abduljaleel P13 Digital expression profiling of Purkinje neurons and dendrites in different subcellular compartments A. Kratz, P. Beguin, S. Poulain, M. Kaneko, C. Takahiko, A. Matsunaga, S. Kato, A. M. Suzuki, N. Bertin, T. Lassmann, R. Vigot, P. Carninci, C. Plessy, T. Launey P14 The evolution of imperfection and imperfection of evolution: the functional and functionless fractions of the human genome D. Graur P16 Species-independent identification of known and novel recurrent genomic entities in multiple cancer patients J. Friis-Nielsen, J. M. Izarzugaza, S. Brunak P18 Discovery of active gene modules which are densely conserved across multiple cancer types reveal their prognostic power and mutually exclusive mutation patterns B. S. Soibam P19 Whole exome sequencing of dysplastic leukoplakia tissue indicates sequential accumulation of somatic mutations from oral precancer to cancer D. Das, N. Biswas, S. Das, S. Sarkar, A. Maitra, C. Panda, P. Majumder P21 Epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogensis by hereditary breast cancer genes J. J. Gruber, N. Jaeger, M. Snyder P22 RNA direct: a novel RNA enrichment strategy applied to transcripts associated with solid tumors K. Patel, S. Bowman, T. Davis, D. Kraushaar, A. Emerman, S. Russello, N. Henig, C. Hendrickson P23 RNA sequencing identifies gene mutations for neuroblastoma K. Zhang P24 Participation of SFRP1 in the modulation of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene in prostate cancer cell lines M. Rodriguez-Dorantes, C. D. Cruz-Hernandez, C. D. P. Garcia-Tobilla, S. Solorzano-Rosales P25 Targeted Methylation Sequencing of Prostate Cancer N. Jäger, J. Chen, R. Haile, M. Hitchins, J. D. Brooks, M. Snyder P26 Mutant TPMT alleles in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from México City and Yucatán, Mexico S. Jiménez-Morales, M. Ramírez, J. Nuñez, V. Bekker, Y. Leal, E. Jiménez, A. Medina, A. Hidalgo, J. Mejía P28 Genetic modifiers of Alström syndrome J. Naggert, G. B. Collin, K. DeMauro, R. Hanusek, P. M. Nishina P31 Association of genomic variants with the occurrence of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-induced coughing among Filipinos E. M. Cutiongco De La Paz, R. Sy, J. Nevado, P. Reganit, L. Santos, J. D. Magno, F. E. Punzalan , D. Ona , E. Llanes, R. L. Santos-Cortes , R. Tiongco, J. Aherrera, L. Abrahan, P. Pagauitan-Alan; Philippine Cardiogenomics Study Group P32 The use of “humanized” mouse models to validate disease association of a de novo GARS variant and to test a novel gene therapy strategy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D K. H. Morelli, J. S. Domire, N. Pyne, S. Harper, R. Burgess P34 Molecular regulation of chondrogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells M. A. Gari, A. Dallol, H. Alsehli, A. Gari, M. Gari, A. Abuzenadah P35 Molecular profiling of hematologic malignancies: implementation of a variant assessment algorithm for next generation sequencing data analysis and clinical reporting M. Thomas, M. Sukhai, S. Garg, M. Misyura, T. Zhang, A. Schuh, T. Stockley, S. Kamel-Reid P36 Accessing genomic evidence for clinical variants at NCBI S. Sherry, C. Xiao, D. Slotta, K. Rodarmer, M. Feolo, M. Kimelman, G. Godynskiy, C. O’Sullivan, E. Yaschenko P37 NGS-SWIFT: a cloud-based variant analysis framework using control-accessed sequencing data from DBGAP/SRA C. Xiao, E. Yaschenko, S. Sherry P38 Computational assessment of drug induced hepatotoxicity through gene expression profiling C. Rangel-Escareño, H. Rueda-Zarate P40 Flowr: robust and efficient pipelines using a simple language-agnostic approach;ultraseq; fast modular pipeline for somatic variation calling using flowr S. Seth, S. Amin, X. Song, X. Mao, H. Sun, R. G. Verhaak, A. Futreal, J. Zhang P41 Applying “Big data” technologies to the rapid analysis of heterogenous large cohort data S. J. Whiite, T. Chiang, A. English, J. Farek, Z. Kahn, W. Salerno, N. Veeraraghavan, E. Boerwinkle, R. Gibbs P42 FANTOM5 web resource for the large-scale genome-wide transcription start site activity profiles of wide-range of mammalian cells T. Kasukawa, M. Lizio, J. Harshbarger, S. Hisashi, J. Severin, A. Imad, S. Sahin, T. C. Freeman, K. Baillie, A. Sandelin, P. Carninci, A. R. R. Forrest, H. Kawaji, The FANTOM Consortium P43 Rapid and scalable typing of structural variants for disease cohorts W. Salerno, A. English, S. N. Shekar, A. Mangubat, J. Bruestle, E. Boerwinkle, R. A. Gibbs P44 Polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases and sulphotransferases genes in an Arab population A. H. Salem, M. Ali, A. Ibrahim, M. Ibrahim P46 Genetic divergence of CYP3A5*3 pharmacogenomic marker for native and admixed Mexican populations J. C. Fernandez-Lopez, V. Bonifaz-Peña, C. Rangel-Escareño, A. Hidalgo-Miranda, A. V. Contreras P47 Whole exome sequence meta-analysis of 13 white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet traits L. Polfus, CHARGE and NHLBI Exome Sequence Project Working Groups P48 Association of adipoq gene with type 2 diabetes and related phenotypes in african american men and women: The jackson heart study S. Davis, R. Xu, S. Gebeab, P Riestra, A Gaye, R. Khan, J. Wilson, A. Bidulescu P49 Common variants in casr gene are associated with serum calcium levels in koreans S. H. Jung, N. Vinayagamoorthy, S. H. Yim, Y. J. Chung P50 Inference of multiple-wave population admixture by modeling decay of linkage disequilibrium with multiple exponential functions Y. Zhou, S. Xu P51 A Bayesian framework for generalized linear mixed models in genome-wide association studies X. Wang, V. Philip, G. Carter P52 Targeted sequencing approach for the identification of the genetic causes of hereditary hearing impairment A. A. Abuzenadah, M. Gari, R. Turki, A. Dallol P53 Identification of enhancer sequences by ATAC-seq open chromatin profiling A. Uyar, A. Kaygun, S. Zaman, E. Marquez, J. George, D. Ucar P54 Direct enrichment for the rapid preparation of targeted NGS libraries C. L. Hendrickson, A. Emerman, D. Kraushaar, S. Bowman, N. Henig, T. Davis, S. Russello, K. Patel P56 Performance of the Agilent D5000 and High Sensitivity D5000 ScreenTape assays for the Agilent 4200 Tapestation System R. Nitsche, L. Prieto-Lafuente P57 ClinVar: a multi-source archive for variant interpretation M. Landrum, J. Lee, W. Rubinstein, D. Maglott P59 Association of functional variants and protein physical interactions of human MUTY homolog linked with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome Z. Abduljaleel, W. Khan, F. A. Al-Allaf, M. Athar , M. M. Taher, N. Shahzad P60 Modification of the microbiom constitution in the gut using chicken IgY antibodies resulted in a reduction of acute graft-versus-host disease after experimental bone marrow transplantation A. Bouazzaoui, E. Huber, A. Dan, F. A. Al-Allaf, W. Herr, G. Sprotte, J. Köstler, A. Hiergeist, A. Gessner, R. Andreesen, E. Holler P61 Compound heterozygous mutation in the LDLR gene in Saudi patients suffering severe hypercholesterolemia F. Al-Allaf, A. Alashwal, Z. Abduljaleel, M. Taher, A. Bouazzaoui, H. Abalkhail, A. Al-Allaf, R. Bamardadh, M. Athar
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Wang
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - R. Huang
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC USA
| | - C. Skinner
- JCSRI, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC USA
| | - T. Thompson
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC USA
| | - L. Pollard
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC USA
| | - T. Wood
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC USA
| | - F. Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - R. Stevenson
- JCSRI, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC USA
| | - R. Polimanti
- Department Psychiatry, Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT USA
| | - J. Gelernter
- Department Psychiatry, Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT USA
- Department Genetics, Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT USA
- Department Neurobiology, Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT USA
| | - X. Lin
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I. Y. Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y. Wu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A. L. Teh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L. Chen
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I. M. Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S. E. Soh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M. T. Tint
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. L. MacIsaac
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - F. Yap
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K. Kwek
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S. M. Saw
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M. S. Kobor
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - M. J. Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K. M. Godfrey
- University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Y. S. Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. D. Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y. S. Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P. D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N. Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - A. Kapoor
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - D. Lee
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - A. Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - C. Maercker
- Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Esslingen, Germany
| | - F. Graf
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Stamoulis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Santoni
- Geneva University Hospitals-HUG, Service of Genetic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Makrythanasis
- Geneva University Hospitals-HUG, Service of Genetic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Letourneau
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Guipponi
- Geneva University Hospitals-HUG, Service of Genetic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N. Panousis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Garieri
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Ribaux
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Falconnet
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Borel
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. E. Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals-HUG, Service of Genetic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio-Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX USA
| | - J. Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio-Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - J. Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio-Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - S. Chatterjee
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - A. Kapoor
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. Akiyama
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - D. Auer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - C. Berrios
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - L. Pennacchio
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - A. Chakravarti
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - T. R. Donti
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - G. Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Miller
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. Atwal
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - A. Cardon
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - C. Bacino
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Emrick
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - F. Baumer
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA USA
| | - B. Porter
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA USA
| | - M. Bainbridge
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. Bonnen
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - B. Graham
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Sutton
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Q. Sun
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - S. Elsea
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Z. Hu
- School of Public Health, Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. Wang
- University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Y. Zhu
- Tulane University, New Orleans, LO USA
| | - J. Zhao
- Tulane University, New Orleans, LO USA
| | - M. Xiong
- University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - A. Hidalgo-Miranda
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Romero-Cordoba
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - R. Rebollar-Vega
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - M. Iorio
- National Tumor Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - S. Baroni
- National Tumor Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - B. Kaczkowski
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Tanaka
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics unit, RIKEN Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H. Kawaji
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics unit, RIKEN Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A. Sandelin
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. Andersson
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Itoh
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T. Lassmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Y. Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Japan
| | - P. Carninci
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A. R. R. Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - C. A. Semple
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - C. Gallego
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | - A. Burt
- Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - C. Nefcy
- Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Smith
- Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - R. Nassir
- University California, Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | - U. Peters
- Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Fred Hutch, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - F. Menghi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | - K. Inaki
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | - X. Woo
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | - P. Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | - K. Grzeda
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | | | - H. Kim
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | - D. Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | | | | | - J. Keck
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - J. Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | - E. T. Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT USA
| | - B. Ji
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - A. Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - G. Ananda
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - G. Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - H. Nikbakht
- Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - M. Montagne
- Biochemistry, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec Canada
| | - M. Zeinieh
- Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - A. Harutyunyan
- Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - M. Mcconechy
- Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - N. Jabado
- Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - P. Lavigne
- Biochemistry, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec Canada
| | - J. Majewski
- Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - J. B. Goldstein
- Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. Overman
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - G. Varadhachary
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Shroff
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Wolff
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. Javle
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Futreal
- Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. Fogelman
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Bravo
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - W. Fajardo
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - H. Gomez
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima, Peru
| | - C. Castaneda
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima, Peru
| | - C. Rolfo
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J. A. Pinto
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima, Peru
| | - K. C. Akdemir
- Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Chin
- University of Texas System, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Futreal
- Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - S. Patterson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - C. Statz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - S. Mockus
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - S. N. Nikolaev
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - X. I. Bonilla
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L. Parmentier
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - B. King
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - F. Bezrukov
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, USA
| | - G. Kaya
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V. Zoete
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V. Seplyarskiy
- Institute of Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - H. Sharpe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - T. McKee
- Service of Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Letourneau
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Ribaux
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Popadin
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R. Ben Chaabene
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Santoni
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Andrianova
- Institute of Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M. Guipponi
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Garieri
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Verdan
- Service of Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Grosdemange
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O. Sumara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - O. Michielin
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. de Sauvage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - S. Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - A. Kurian
- Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - A. Desmond
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - S. Yang
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - J. Ford
- Stanford Medical Center, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - L. Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - T. L. Peters
- Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - K. R. Alvarez
- Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - D. H. Lopez-Terrada
- Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Hastie
- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Z. Dzakula
- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A. W. Pang
- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E. T. Lam
- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | | | - H. Cao
- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - C. Gonzaga-Jauregui
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY USA
| | - L. Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY USA
| | - A. King
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY USA
| | - E. Berman Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | | | - J. G. Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY USA
| | - J. D. Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY USA
| | - F. Dewey
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY USA
| | - W. K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - K. Small
- Molecular Insight Research Foundation, Glendale, ᅟ
| | - A. DeLuca
- Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - F. Cremers
- Biology, Raboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - R. A. Lewis
- Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - V. Puech
- Service d’Exploration de la vision et Neuro-ophtalmologie CHRU, Service d’Exploration de la vision et Neuro-ophtalmologie CHRU, Lille, France
| | - B. Bakall
- Associated Retina Consultants, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, TX USA
| | | | | | - M. Leys
- WVU Eye Institute, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - F. S. Shaya
- Molecular Insight Research Foundation, Glendale, ᅟ
| | - E. Stone
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - N. L. Sobreira
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - H. Ling
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - E. Pugh
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - D. Witmer
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - K. Hetrick
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - P. Zhang
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - K. Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - D. Valle
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - A. Hamosh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - S. N. Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Z. Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. N. Bainbridge
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - W. Charng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - W. Wiszniewski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - T. Gambin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - E. Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Y. Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. K. Eldomery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - H. Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. Hu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - V. R. Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - E. A. Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - W. Salerno
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. English
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | | | - A. Thorogood
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - B. M. Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | | | - H. Takahashi
- Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - K. R. Nitta
- Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A. Kozhuharova
- Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A. M. Suzuki
- Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H. Sharma
- Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - D. Cotella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita’ del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - C. Santoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita’ del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - S. Zucchelli
- Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | - S. Gustincich
- Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | - P. Carninci
- Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - J. J. Mulvihill
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - G. Baynam
- Office of Population Health, Department of Health, Perth, Australia
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- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - S. C. Groft
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. Lasko
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - B. Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - D. Taruscio
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Ghosh
- Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - S. Plon
- Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Sanghvi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY USA
| | - J. Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY USA
| | - E. Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - R. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | | | - K. Wani
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - M. Davies
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Xiong
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Ma
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX USA
| | - N. Lin
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX USA
| | - C. Amos
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - N. Lin
- Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. Wang
- Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Y. Zhu
- Tulane University, New Orleans, LO USA
| | - J. Zhao
- Tulane University, New Orleans, LO USA
| | - V. Calhoun
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - M. Xiong
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - M. Egger
- EPS Software Corp, Spring, TX USA
| | | | - S. Sadedin
- Bioinformatics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - A. Oshlack
- Bioinformatics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - V. A. A. Antonio
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma-cho, Japan
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- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma-cho, Japan
| | | | - Z. Ahmed
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - M. Bolisetty
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - S. Zeeshan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - E. Anguiano
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - D. Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - A. Sarkar
- Laboratory of Genomics and Profiling Applications, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - M. R. Nandineni
- Laboratory of Genomics and Profiling Applications, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - C. Zeng
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J. Shao
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
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- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
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- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
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- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
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- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
| | - K. Pham
- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Z. Dzakula
- BioNano Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA USA
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- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - L. Dongsheng
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - W. Lai-Ping
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D. Lian
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - R. O. Twee Hee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y. Yunus
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, ᅟ
| | - F. Aghakhanian
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - S. S. Mokhtar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, ᅟ
| | - C. V. Lok-Yung
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - J. Bhak
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, Suwon, Republic Of Korea
| | - M. Phipps
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campu, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - X. Shuhua
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - T. Yik-Ying
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - V. Kumar
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - H. Boon-Peng
- UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I. Campbell
- Research Division, Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. -A. Young
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - P. James
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - M. Rain
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Sonam Norbu Memorial Hospital, Leh, Ladakh India
| | - R. Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Q. Pasha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - A. R. Akilzhanova
- Nazarbayev University, National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - C. Guelly
- Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Z. Abilova
- Nazarbayev University, National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Rakhimova
- Nazarbayev University, National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - A. Akhmetova
- Nazarbayev University, National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - U. Kairov
- Nazarbayev University, National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Trajanoski
- Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Z. Zhumadilov
- Nazarbayev University, National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - M. Bekbossynova
- National Scientific Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - S. Sandhu
- Swift Biosciences Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - T. Harkins
- Swift Biosciences Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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- Swift Biosciences Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - H. Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Glenn
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Z. Momin
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - B. Dilrukshi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - H. Chao
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Q. Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - B. Gudenkauf
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Kshitij
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. Jayaseelan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - C. Nessner
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - S. Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - K. Blankenberg
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Lewis
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. Hu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Y. Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - H. Dinh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - S. Jireh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - K. Walker
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - E. Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. Hu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - K. Walker
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - C. Buhay
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - X. Liu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Q. Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Sanghvi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - H. Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Y. Ding
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - N. Veeraraghavan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Y. Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - E. Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. L. Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - C. M. Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - K. C. C. Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Y. Liu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. S. T. Hughes
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - S. C. Murali
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. A. Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. C. English
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - X. Qin
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - O. A. Hampton
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. Larsen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - C. Beck
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Y. Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - H. Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - C. L. Kovar
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - W. J. Salerno
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - S. Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. R. Lupski
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Q. Meng
- HGSC, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - M. Wang
- HGSC, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Y. Han
- HGSC, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. Muzny
- HGSC, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Gibbs
- HGSC, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. A. Harris
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. Raveenedran
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - C. Xue
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. Dahdouli
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Cox
- Genetics, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - G. Fan
- Human Genetics, Univeristy of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - B. Ferguson
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR USA
| | - J. Hovarth
- Genomics & Microbiology Research Laboratory, NC Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Z. Johnson
- Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - S. Kanthaswamy
- Environmental Toxicology, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA USA
| | - M. Kubisch
- Physiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, New Orleans, LO USA
| | - M. Platt
- Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - D. Smith
- Anthropology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - E. Vallender
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - R. Wiseman
- Genetics, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI USA
| | - X. Liu
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, ᅟ, ᅟ
| | - J. Below
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - D. Muzny
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Gibbs
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - F. Yu
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. Rogers
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - J. Lin
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Z. Ouyang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - A. Moore
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Z. Wang
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - J. Hofmann
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, USA
| | - M. Purdue
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | | | | | - D. Albanes
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - C. S. Liu
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan Province of China
| | - W. L. Cheng
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan Province of China
| | - T. T. Lin
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan Province of China
| | - Q. Lan
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - N. Rothman
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - S. Berndt
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - E. S. Chen
- Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H. Bahrami
- Proteomics, Faraby Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Islamic Republic Of
- R & D, MIB Co., Tehran, Iran Islamic Republic Of
| | | | | | - H. Bahrami
- Proteomics, Faraby Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Islamic Republic Of
- R & D, MIB Co., Tehran, Iran Islamic Republic Of
| | | | | | - K. K. R. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Zhalbinova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, ᅟ, Kazakhstan
| | - A. Akilzhanova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, ᅟ, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Rakhimova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, ᅟ, Kazakhstan
| | - M. Bekbosynova
- Cardiology, JSC “National Research Cardiac Surgery Center”, National medical holding, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Myrzakhmetova
- Cardiology, JSC “National Research Cardiac Surgery Center”, National medical holding, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - M. Matar
- UAE Genetic Diseases Association, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - N. Mili
- Research Center for Statistics, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva Switzerland
| | - R. Molinari
- Research Center for Statistics, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Y. Ma
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - S. Guerrier
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - N. Elhawary
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Tayeb
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Bogari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Qotb
- Department of Psychology, Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Education, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. A. McClymont
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - P. W. Hook
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - L. A. Goff
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - A. McCallion
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Y. Kong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, USA
| | | | | | | | - L. Zhao
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - P. M. Nishina
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, USA
| | - B. M. Edrees
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. A. Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. M. Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. A. Harbi
- Department of Pediatric, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Safar
- Department of Pediatric, Madinah Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Al-Edressi
- Department of Pediatric, Madinah Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Anazi
- Pediatric, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Altayeb
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. A. Ahmed
- Medical Genetics, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Alansary
- Medical Genetics, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z. Abduljaleel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Kratz
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - P. Beguin
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Launey Research Unit, RIKEN Wako, Wako, Japan
| | - S. Poulain
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - M. Kaneko
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Launey Research Unit, RIKEN Wako, Wako, Japan
| | - C. Takahiko
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Launey Research Unit, RIKEN Wako, Wako, Japan
| | - A. Matsunaga
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Launey Research Unit, RIKEN Wako, Wako, Japan
| | - S. Kato
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - A. M. Suzuki
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - N. Bertin
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - T. Lassmann
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - R. Vigot
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - P. Carninci
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - C. Plessy
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Japan
| | - T. Launey
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Launey Research Unit, RIKEN Wako, Wako, Japan
| | - D. Graur
- Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - D. Lee
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - A. Kapoor
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - A. Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - J. Friis-Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. M. Izarzugaza
- Technical University of Denmark, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S. Brunak
- Technical University of Denmark, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A. Chakraborty
- Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - J. Basak
- Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - A. Mukhopadhyay
- Medical Oncology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - D. Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - N. Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - S. Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - S. Sarkar
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - A. Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - C. Panda
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - P. Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - H. Morsy
- Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A. Gaballah
- Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M. Samir
- Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M. Shamseya
- Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - H. Mahrous
- Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A. Ghazal
- Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - W. Arafat
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M. Hashish
- Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - N. Jaeger
- Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - M. Snyder
- Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | | | - T. Davis
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - K. Zhang
- Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - N. Jäger
- Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - J. Chen
- Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - R. Haile
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - M. Hitchins
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - M. Snyder
- Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - S. Jiménez-Morales
- Cancer Genomic Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), ᅟ, Mexico
| | - M. Ramírez
- Biología, FES -Iztacala, UNAM, ᅟ, Mexico
| | - J. Nuñez
- Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SXXI, IMSS, ᅟ, Mexico
| | - V. Bekker
- Investigación Médica en Inmunología, CMN La Raza, IMSS, ᅟ, Mexico
| | - Y. Leal
- Diagnóstico Molecular H1N1-Influenza , UMAE-IMSS, Mérida, Yucatán Mexico
| | - E. Jiménez
- Hematología Pediátrica, CMN La Raza, IMSS, ᅟ, Mexico
| | - A. Medina
- Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México, ᅟ, Mexico
| | - A. Hidalgo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, INMEGEN, ᅟ, Mexico
| | - J. Mejía
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, IMSS, ᅟ, Mexico
| | - V. Halytskiy
- Molecular Immunology Department, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - K. Belhassa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - K. Belhassan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - L. Bouguenouch
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - I. Samri
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - H. Sayel
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - FZ. moufid
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - I. El Bouchikhi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - S. Trhanint
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - H. Hamdaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - I. Elotmani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - I. Khtiri
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - O. Kettani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - L. Quibibo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - M. Ahagoud
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - M. Abbassi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - K. Ouldim
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogene, Morocco; Medical Genetics, CHU Hassan II Fes, Fes, Morocco
| | - A. V. Marusin
- Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, ᅟ, Russian Federation
| | - A. N. Kornetov
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - M. Swarovskaya
- Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, ᅟ, Russian Federation
| | - K. Vagaiceva
- Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, ᅟ, Russian Federation
| | - V. Stepanov
- Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, ᅟ, Russian Federation
| | - E. M. Cutiongco De La Paz
- National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - R. Sy
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - J. Nevado
- National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - P. Reganit
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - L. Santos
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - J. D. Magno
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - F. E. Punzalan
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - D. Ona
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - E. Llanes
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - R. L. Santos-Cortes
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX United States
| | - R. Tiongco
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - J. Aherrera
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - L. Abrahan
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - P. Pagauitan-Alan
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - K. H. Morelli
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, USA
| | - J. S. Domire
- Center For Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - N. Pyne
- Center For Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - S. Harper
- Center For Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - R. Burgess
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, USA
| | - M. Zhalbinova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, ᅟ, Kazakhstan
| | - A. Akilzhanova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, ᅟ, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Rakhimova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, ᅟ, Kazakhstan
| | - M. Bekbosynova
- Cardiology, JSC “National Research Cardiac Surgery Center”, National Medical Holding, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Myrzakhmetova
- Cardiology, JSC “National Research Cardiac Surgery Center”, National Medical Holding, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - M. A. Gari
- Medical Laboratory Technology, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Dallol
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Alsehli
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Gari
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Gari
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Abuzenadah
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Thomas
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, ᅟ, Canada
| | - M. Sukhai
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, ᅟ, Canada
| | - S. Garg
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, ᅟ, Canada
| | - M. Misyura
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, ᅟ, Canada
| | - T. Zhang
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, ᅟ, Canada
| | - A. Schuh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - T. Stockley
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, ᅟ, Canada
| | - S. Kamel-Reid
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, ᅟ, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C. Xiao
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - S. Sherry
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - C. Rangel-Escareño
- Computational Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H. Rueda-Zarate
- Computational Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I. A. Tayubi
- Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King AbdulAziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Mohammed
- Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King AbdulAziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - I. Ahmed
- Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King AbdulAziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Ahmed
- Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King AbdulAziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Seth
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, ᅟ, USA
| | - S. Amin
- Genomic Medicine, University of Texas, ᅟ, ᅟ
| | - X. Song
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, ᅟ, USA
| | - X. Mao
- Genomic Medicine, University of Texas, ᅟ, ᅟ
| | - H. Sun
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - A. Futreal
- Genomic Medicine, University of Texas, ᅟ, ᅟ
| | - J. Zhang
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, ᅟ, USA
| | - S. J. Whiite
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, ᅟ, USA
| | - T. Chiang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, ᅟ, USA
| | - A. English
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, ᅟ, USA
| | - J. Farek
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, ᅟ, USA
| | - Z. Kahn
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, ᅟ, USA
| | - W. Salerno
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, ᅟ, USA
| | - N. Veeraraghavan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, ᅟ, USA
| | - E. Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - R. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, ᅟ, USA
| | - T. Kasukawa
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M. Lizio
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - J. Harshbarger
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - S. Hisashi
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - J. Severin
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A. Imad
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - S. Sahin
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T. C. Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K. Baillie
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Sandelin
- Department of Biology & Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. Carninci
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - H. Kawaji
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - W. Salerno
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - A. English
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | | | | | | | - E. Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
- Human Genetics Center and Department of Epidemiology, UT School of Public Health, Houston, Texas USA
| | - R. A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - A. H. Salem
- Anatomy, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - M. Ali
- Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - A. Ibrahim
- Central Laboratory, Ministry of Science and Technology, ᅟ, Sudan
| | - M. Ibrahim
- College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - H. A. Barrera
- Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - L. Garza
- Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - J. A. Torres
- Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - V. Barajas
- Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - D. Kershenobich
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Shahroj Mortaji
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Pedro Guizar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Eliezer Loera
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Karen Moreno
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Adriana De León
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Daniela Monsiváis
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Jackeline Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cardiel
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | | | - V. Bonifaz-Peña
- Computational Genomics, Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C. Rangel-Escareño
- Computational Genomics, Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. Hidalgo-Miranda
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. V. Contreras
- Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L. Polfus
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - X. Wang
- System Genetics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - V. Philip
- System Genetics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - G. Carter
- System Genetics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - A. A. Abuzenadah
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Gari
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Turki
- Ob/Gyn, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Dallol
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Uyar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - A. Kaygun
- Department of Mathematical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - E. Marquez
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - J. George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - D. Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - T. Davis
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, USA
| | | | | | - D. B. Starr
- Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - M. Baird
- DNA Diagnostics Center, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - K. Sheets
- Vibrant Gene Consulting, Cambridge, USA
| | - R. Nitsche
- Agilent Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - L. Prieto-Lafuente
- Agilent Technologies UK Ltd, Agilent Technologies UK Ltd., Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - J. Lee
- NIH/NLM/NCBI, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - P. K. R. Thavanati
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology & Genomics, Centre for Health Sciences, ᅟ, Mexico
| | - A. Escoto de Dios
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology & Genomics, Centre for Health Sciences, ᅟ, Mexico
| | | | | | - M. R. Ruiz Mejia
- Biochemistry, Centre for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - K. R. R. Kanala
- Human Genetics Unit, Department Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Z. Abduljaleel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. A. Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. M. Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Shahzad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Bouazzaoui
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Clinic 3 – Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E. Huber
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A. Dan
- IgNova GmbH, Oberursel, Germany
| | - F. A. Al-Allaf
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. Herr
- Medical Clinic 3 – Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G. Sprotte
- Department of Ansethesiologie, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J. Köstler
- Department of microbiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A. Hiergeist
- Department of microbiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A. Gessner
- Department of microbiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R. Andreesen
- Medical Clinic 3 – Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E. Holler
- Medical Clinic 3 – Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F. Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Alashwal
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z. Abduljaleel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Abalkhail
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Al-Allaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Bamardadh
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - O. Filiptsova
- Biology, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M. Kobets
- Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Y. Kobets
- Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - I. Burlaka
- Biology, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - I. Timoshyna
- Human Physiology and Anatomy, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - O. Filiptsova
- Biology, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M. N. Kobets
- Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Y. Kobets
- Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - I. Burlaka
- Biology, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - I. Timoshyna
- Human Physiology and Anatomy, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - O. Filiptsova
- Biology, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M. N. Kobets
- Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Y. Kobets
- Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - I. Burlaka
- Biology, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - I. Timoshyna
- Human Physiology and Anatomy, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - F. A. Al-allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, King Abdullah Medical City, ᅟ, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. T. Mohiuddin
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Zainularifeen
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Mohammed
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Abalkhail
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Owaidah
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Mehta D, Tropf FC, Gratten J, Bakshi A, Zhu Z, Bacanu SA, Hemani G, Magnusson PKE, Barban N, Esko T, Metspalu A, Snieder H, Mowry BJ, Kendler KS, Yang J, Visscher PM, McGrath JJ, Mills MC, Wray NR, Hong Lee S, Bruggeman R, Buxbaum JD, Cairns MJ, Cantor RM, Cloninger CR, Cohen D, Crespo-Facorro B, Darvasi A, DeLisi LE, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Escott-Price V, Freimer NB, Georgieva L, de Haan L, Henskens FA, Joa I, Julià A, Khrunin A, Lerer B, Limborska S, Loughland CM, Macek M, Magnusson PKE, Marsal S, McCarley RW, McIntosh AM, McQuillin A, Melegh B, Michie PT, Morris DW, Murphy KC, Myin-Germeys I, Olincy A, Van Os J, Pantelis C, Posthuma D, Quested D, Schall U, Scott RJ, Seidman LJ, Toncheva D, Tooney PA, Waddington J, Weinberger DR, Weiser M, Wu JQ. Evidence for Genetic Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Age at First Birth in Women. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:497-505. [PMID: 27007234 PMCID: PMC5785705 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A recently published study of national data by McGrath et al in 2014 showed increased risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) in offspring associated with both early and delayed parental age, consistent with a U-shaped relationship. However, it remains unclear if the risk to the child is due to psychosocial factors associated with parental age or if those at higher risk for SCZ tend to have children at an earlier or later age. OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a genetic association between SCZ and age at first birth (AFB) using genetically informative but independently ascertained data sets. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This investigation used multiple independent genome-wide association study data sets. The SCZ sample comprised 18 957 SCZ cases and 22 673 controls in a genome-wide association study from the second phase of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and the AFB sample comprised 12 247 genotyped women measured for AFB from the following 4 community cohorts: Estonia (Estonian Genome Center Biobank, University of Tartu), the Netherlands (LifeLines Cohort Study), Sweden (Swedish Twin Registry), and the United Kingdom (TwinsUK). Schizophrenia genetic risk for each woman in the AFB community sample was estimated using genetic effects inferred from the SCZ genome-wide association study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We tested if SCZ genetic risk was a significant predictor of response variables based on published polynomial functions that described the relationship between maternal age and SCZ risk in offspring in Denmark. We substituted AFB for maternal age in these functions, one of which was corrected for the age of the father, and found that the fit was superior for the model without adjustment for the father's age. RESULTS We observed a U-shaped relationship between SCZ risk and AFB in the community cohorts, consistent with the previously reported relationship between SCZ risk in offspring and maternal age when not adjusted for the age of the father. We confirmed that SCZ risk profile scores significantly predicted the response variables (coefficient of determination R2 = 1.1E-03, P = 4.1E-04), reflecting the published relationship between maternal age and SCZ risk in offspring by McGrath et al in 2014. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides evidence for a significant overlap between genetic factors associated with risk of SCZ and genetic factors associated with AFB. It has been reported that SCZ risk associated with increased maternal age is explained by the age of the father and that de novo mutations that occur more frequently in the germline of older men are the underlying causal mechanism. This explanation may need to be revised if, as suggested herein and if replicated in future studies, there is also increased genetic risk of SCZ in older mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felix C Tropf
- Department of Sociology/ICS, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Gratten
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Barban
- Nuffield College and Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bryan J Mowry
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Nuffield College and Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Naomi R Wray
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Hong Lee
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,School of Environmental and Rural Science, The University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | - LifeLines Cohort Study
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard Bruggeman
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Human Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York18Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York19Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Murray J Cairns
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia22Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia23School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie University, and Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Paris, France
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Department of Psychiatry, Santander, Spain28 Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariel Darvasi
- Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia30VA Boston Health Care System, Brockton, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway33Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland35Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lyudmila Georgieva
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frans A Henskens
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia39School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia40Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Inge Joa
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrey Khrunin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carmel M Loughland
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia22Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert W McCarley
- VA Boston Health Care System, Brockton, Massachusetts47Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland49Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, England
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary52Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Patricia T Michie
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia53School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Derek W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland35Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora
| | - Jim Van Os
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England58Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia59Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands61Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center
| | - Digby Quested
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia22Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia23School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia64Hunter New England Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts65Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paul A Tooney
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia23School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia67Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle
| | - John Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland70Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland71Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland72
| | | | - Jing Qin Wu
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia23School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Hadzsiev K, Komlosi K, Czako M, Duga B, Szalai R, Szabo A, Postyeni E, Szabo T, Kosztolanyi G, Melegh B. Kleefstra syndrome in Hungarian patients: additional symptoms besides the classic phenotype. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:22. [PMID: 26918030 PMCID: PMC4766673 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kleefstra syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, with core phenotypic features encompassing developmental delay/intellectual disability, characteristic facial features – brachy(micro)cephaly, unusual shaped eyebrows, flat face with hypertelorism, short nose with anteverted nostrils, thickened lower lip, carpmouth with macroglossia - and childhood hypotonia. Some additional symptoms are observed in different percentage of the patients. Epilepsy is common symptom as well. The underlying cause of the syndrome is a submicroscopic deletion in the chromosomal region 9q34.3 or disruption of the euchromatin histone methyl transferase 1. Case presentation We describe two Hungarian Kleefstra syndrome patients, one with the classic phenotype of the syndrome, the diagnosis was confirmed by subtelomeric FISH. Meanwhile in our second patient beside the classic phenotype a new symptom – abnormal antiepileptic drug metabolic response – could be observed. Subtelomere FISH confirmed the 9q34.3 terminal deletion. Because of the abnormal drug metabolism in our second patient, we performed array CGH analysis as well searching for other rearrangements. Array CGH analysis indicated a large – 1.211 Mb -, deletion only in the 9q subtelomeric region with breakpoints ch9:139,641,471-140,852,911. Conclusions This is the first report on Kleefstra syndrome in patients describing a classical and a complex phenotype involving altered drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Komlosi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Marta Czako
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Duga
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Szabo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Etelka Postyeni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Titanilla Szabo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Kosztolanyi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Szalai R, Ganczer A, Magyari L, Matyas P, Bene J, Melegh B. Interethnic differences of cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms may influence outcome of taxane therapy in Roma and Hungarian populations. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 30:453-6. [PMID: 26507668 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes are widely used microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancers. Several cytochrome P450 gene variants have been proven to influence taxane metabolism and therapy. The purpose of this work was to determine the distribution of genetic variations of CYP1B1, CYP2C8 and CYP3A5 genes as the first report on taxane metabolizer cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms in Roma and Hungarian populations. A total of 397 Roma and 412 Hungarian healthy subjects were genotyped for CYP1B1 c.4326C > G, CYP2C8 c.792C > G and CYP3A5 c.6986A > G variant alleles by PCR-RFLP assay and direct sequencing. We found significant differences in the frequencies of homozygous variant genotypes of CYP1B1 4326 GG (p = 0.002) and CYP3A5 6986 GG (p < 0.001) between Roma and Hungarian populations. Regarding minor allele frequencies, for CYP2C8 a significantly increased prevalence was found in 792G allele frequency in the Hungarian population compared to the Roma population (5.83% vs. 2.14%, p = 0.001). Our results can be used as possible predictive factors in population specific treatment algorithms to developing effective programs for a better outcome in patients treated with taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szalai
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary
| | - Alma Ganczer
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Lili Magyari
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary
| | - Petra Matyas
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary.
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35
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Vilhjálmsson B, Yang J, Finucane H, Gusev A, Lindström S, Ripke S, Genovese G, Loh PR, Bhatia G, Do R, Hayeck T, Won HH, Kathiresan S, Pato M, Pato C, Tamimi R, Stahl E, Zaitlen N, Pasaniuc B, Belbin G, Kenny EE, Schierup MH, De Jager P, Patsopoulos NA, McCarroll S, Daly M, Purcell S, Chasman D, Neale B, Goddard M, Visscher PM, Kraft P, Patterson N, Price AL, Ripke S, Neale B, Corvin A, Walters J, Farh KH, Holmans P, Lee P, Bulik-Sullivan B, Collier D, Huang H, Pers T, Agartz I, Agerbo E, Albus M, Alexander M, Amin F, Bacanu S, Begemann M, Belliveau R, Bene J, Bergen S, Bevilacqua E, Bigdeli T, Black D, Bruggeman R, Buccola N, Buckner R, Byerley W, Cahn W, Cai G, Campion D, Cantor R, Carr V, Carrera N, Catts S, Chambert K, Chan R, Chen R, Chen E, Cheng W, Cheung E, Chong S, Cloninger C, Cohen D, Cohen N, Cormican P, Craddock N, Crowley J, Curtis D, Davidson M, Davis K, Degenhardt F, Del Favero J, DeLisi L, Demontis D, Dikeos D, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Duan J, Dudbridge F, Durmishi N, Eichhammer P, Eriksson J, Escott-Price V, Essioux L, Fanous A, Farrell M, Frank J, Franke L, Freedman R, Freimer N, Friedl M, Friedman J, Fromer M, Genovese G, Georgieva L, Gershon E, Giegling I, Giusti-Rodrguez P, Godard S, Goldstein J, Golimbet V, Gopal S, Gratten J, Grove J, de Haan L, Hammer C, Hamshere M, Hansen M, Hansen T, Haroutunian V, Hartmann A, Henskens F, Herms S, Hirschhorn J, Hoffmann P, Hofman A, Hollegaard M, Hougaard D, Ikeda M, Joa I, Julia A, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Karachanak-Yankova S, Karjalainen J, Kavanagh D, Keller M, Kelly B, Kennedy J, Khrunin A, Kim Y, Klovins J, Knowles J, Konte B, Kucinskas V, Kucinskiene Z, Kuzelova-Ptackova H, Kahler A, Laurent C, Keong J, Lee S, Legge S, Lerer B, Li M, Li T, Liang KY, Lieberman J, Limborska S, Loughland C, Lubinski J, Lnnqvist J, Macek M, Magnusson P, Maher B, Maier W, Mallet J, Marsal S, Mattheisen M, Mattingsdal M, McCarley R, McDonald C, McIntosh A, Meier S, Meijer C, Melegh B, Melle I, Mesholam-Gately R, Metspalu A, Michie P, Milani L, Milanova V, Mokrab Y, Morris D, Mors O, Mortensen P, Murphy K, Murray R, Myin-Germeys I, Mller-Myhsok B, Nelis M, Nenadic I, Nertney D, Nestadt G, Nicodemus K, Nikitina-Zake L, Nisenbaum L, Nordin A, O’Callaghan E, O’Dushlaine C, O’Neill F, Oh SY, Olincy A, Olsen L, Van Os J, Pantelis C, Papadimitriou G, Papiol S, Parkhomenko E, Pato M, Paunio T, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Perkins D, Pietilinen O, Pimm J, Pocklington A, Powell J, Price A, Pulver A, Purcell S, Quested D, Rasmussen H, Reichenberg A, Reimers M, Richards A, Roffman J, Roussos P, Ruderfer D, Salomaa V, Sanders A, Schall U, Schubert C, Schulze T, Schwab S, Scolnick E, Scott R, Seidman L, Shi J, Sigurdsson E, Silagadze T, Silverman J, Sim K, Slominsky P, Smoller J, So HC, Spencer C, Stahl E, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Stogmann E, Straub R, Strengman E, Strohmaier J, Stroup T, Subramaniam M, Suvisaari J, Svrakic D, Szatkiewicz J, Sderman E, Thirumalai S, Toncheva D, Tooney P, Tosato S, Veijola J, Waddington J, Walsh D, Wang D, Wang Q, Webb B, Weiser M, Wildenauer D, Williams N, Williams S, Witt S, Wolen A, Wong E, Wormley B, Wu J, Xi H, Zai C, Zheng X, Zimprich F, Wray N, Stefansson K, Visscher P, Adolfsson R, Andreassen O, Blackwood D, Bramon E, Buxbaum J, Børglum A, Cichon S, Darvasi A, Domenici E, Ehrenreich H, Esko T, Gejman P, Gill M, Gurling H, Hultman C, Iwata N, Jablensky A, Jonsson E, Kendler K, Kirov G, Knight J, Lencz T, Levinson D, Li Q, Liu J, Malhotra A, McCarroll S, McQuillin A, Moran J, Mortensen P, Mowry B, Nthen M, Ophoff R, Owen M, Palotie A, Pato C, Petryshen T, Posthuma D, Rietschel M, Riley B, Rujescu D, Sham P, Sklar P, St. Clair D, Weinberger D, Wendland J, Werge T, Daly M, Sullivan P, O’Donovan M, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Adank M, Ahsan H, Aittomäki K, Baglietto L, Berndt S, Blomquist C, Canzian F, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Crisponi L, Czene K, Dahmen N, Silva IDS, Easton D, Eliassen AH, Figueroa J, Fletcher O, Garcia-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Gibson L, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hazra A, Hein R, Henderson BE, Hofman A, Hopper JL, Irwanto A, Johansson M, Kaaks R, Kibriya MG, Lichtner P, Lindström S, Liu J, Lund E, Makalic E, Meindl A, Meijers-Heijboer H, Müller-Myhsok B, Muranen TA, Nevanlinna H, Peeters PH, Peto J, Prentice RL, Rahman N, Sánchez MJ, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Southey MC, Tamimi R, Travis R, Turnbull C, Uitterlinden AG, van der Luijt RB, Waisfisz Q, Wang Z, Whittemore AS, Yang R, Zheng W. Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:576-92. [PMID: 26430803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores have shown great promise in predicting complex disease risk and will become more accurate as training sample sizes increase. The standard approach for calculating risk scores involves linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based marker pruning and applying a p value threshold to association statistics, but this discards information and can reduce predictive accuracy. We introduce LDpred, a method that infers the posterior mean effect size of each marker by using a prior on effect sizes and LD information from an external reference panel. Theory and simulations show that LDpred outperforms the approach of pruning followed by thresholding, particularly at large sample sizes. Accordingly, predicted R(2) increased from 20.1% to 25.3% in a large schizophrenia dataset and from 9.8% to 12.0% in a large multiple sclerosis dataset. A similar relative improvement in accuracy was observed for three additional large disease datasets and for non-European schizophrenia samples. The advantage of LDpred over existing methods will grow as sample sizes increase.
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Nagy A, Sipeky C, Szalai R, Melegh BI, Matyas P, Ganczer A, Toth K, Melegh B. Marked differences in frequencies of statin therapy relevant SLCO1B1 variants and haplotypes between Roma and Hungarian populations. BMC Genet 2015; 16:108. [PMID: 26334733 PMCID: PMC4559300 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SLCO1B1 polymorphisms are relevant in statin pharmacokinetics. Aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variability and haplotype profile of SLCO1B1 polymorphisms in Roma and Hungarian populations. Genotypes of 470 Roma and 442 Hungarian subjects for c.388A > G, c.521T > C and c.1498-1331T > C polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP assay. Using these SNPs eight different haplotypes could be differentiated. Results Differences were found between Roma and Hungarians in SLCO1B1 388AA (24.5 vs. 45.5 %), GG (33.4 vs. 17.9 %) genotypes, AG + GG (75.5 vs. 54.5 %) carriers, in G allele frequency (0.545 vs. 0.362), respectively (p < 0.001). The most common SLCO1B1 haplotype was the ht8 (GTT) both in Roma (43.6 %) and in Hungarian (59.1 %) samples. The ht6 (GCT) was not present in Roma population samples Haplotype analyses showed striking differences between the Roma and Hungarian samples in ht4 (ATT, 37.2 % vs 20.8 %), ht5 (GCC, 1.15 % vs. 3.62 %) and ht8 (GTT, 43.6 % vs. 59.1 %) haplotypes (p < 0.01), respectively. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the studied variants are in different linkage disequilibrium patterns depending on the ethnic origin. Conclusions Similarly to Caucasians the 388G is the minor allele in Hungarians, however, in Roma the 388A was found to be the minor allele contrary to Indians (India). The minor allele frequency of 521T > C and 1498-1331T > C SNPs are almost three times higher in Romas than in Indians (Singapore and Gujarati, respectively). Observed allele frequency for 1498-1331T > C polymorphism reflects the measured average European rates in Hungarians. The results can be applied in population specific treatment algorithms when developing effective programs for statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Nagy
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Sipeky
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary. .,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary. .,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Bela Imre Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Petra Matyas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Alma Ganczer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Kalman Toth
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary. .,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
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Remenyi V, Inczedy-Farkas G, Komlosi K, Horvath R, Maasz A, Janicsek I, Pentelenyi K, Gal A, Karcagi V, Melegh B, Molnar MJ. Retrospective assessment of the most common mitochondrial DNA mutations in a large Hungarian cohort of suspect mitochondrial cases. Mitochondrial DNA 2015; 26:572-8. [PMID: 24438288 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.878901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence estimations for mitochondrial disorders still vary widely and only few epidemiologic studies have been carried out so far. With the present work we aim to give a comprehensive overview about frequencies of the most common mitochondrial mutations in Hungarian patients. A total of 1328 patients were tested between 1999 and 2012. Among them, 882 were screened for the m.3243A > G, m.8344A > G, m.8993T > C/G mutations and deletions, 446 for LHON primary mutations. The mutation frequency in our cohort was 2.61% for the m.3243A > G, 1.47% for the m.8344A > G, 17.94% for Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (m.3460G > A, m.11778G > A, m.14484T > C) and 0.45% for the m.8993T > C/G substitutions. Single mtDNA deletions were detected in 14.97%, while multiple deletions in 6.01% of the cases. The mutation frequency in Hungarian patients suggestive of mitochondrial disease was similar to other Caucasian populations. Further retrospective studies of different populations are needed in order to accurately assess the importance of mitochondrial diseases and manage these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Remenyi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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Sipeky C, Weber A, Melegh BI, Matyas P, Janicsek I, Szalai R, Szabo I, Varnai R, Tarlos G, Ganczer A, Melegh B. Interethnic variability of CYP4F2 (V433M) in admixed population of Roma and Hungarians. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 40:280-283. [PMID: 26176903 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pharmacogenetic based dosing recommendations are provided in FDA-approved warfarin label for Caucasians. Evidence of notable difference in dosing algorithms of under-represented populations forced us to explore the genetic variability of CYP4F2 gene in Roma and Hungarian populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS 484 Roma, 493 Hungarian untreated subjects were genotyped for the CYP4F2*3 (rs2108622) variant by PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We firstly report, that frequencies of the CYP4F2 rs2108622 GG, GA, AA genotypes and A allele in the Roma population were 46.5%, 42.6%, 10.9% and 32.2%; in Hungarians 50.1%, 42.2%, 7.7% and 22.8%, respectively. Bearing of two minor alleles of CYP4F2 missense variant (AA genotype) modestly explains inter-ethnic differences of studied populations (p<0.08). CYP4F2*3 (V433M) risk allele frequency of Roma (0.32) was in higher range, and of Hungarians (0.23) in lower range, as compared with other world populations. CONCLUSIONS Roma have an elevated chance for higher mean warfarin dose, besides a decreased risk of major bleeding events in long-term warfarin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Sipeky
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Human Genetic and Pharmacogenetic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Agnes Weber
- B.A.Z County Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, Szentpeteri Gate 72-76, H-3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Bela I Melegh
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Petra Matyas
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ingrid Janicsek
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Renata Szalai
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Human Genetic and Pharmacogenetic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szabo
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Reka Varnai
- University of Pecs, Institute of Family Medicine, Akac str. 1, H-7632 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Greta Tarlos
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Alma Ganczer
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Human Genetic and Pharmacogenetic Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Sumegi K, Jaromi L, Magyari L, Kovesdi E, Duga B, Szalai R, Maasz A, Matyas P, Janicsek I, Melegh B. Functional variants of lipid level modifier MLXIPL, GCKR, GALNT2, CILP2, ANGPTL3 and TRIB1 genes in healthy Roma and Hungarian populations. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:743-9. [PMID: 25573592 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of triglyceride metabolism in different diseases, such as cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases is still under extensive investigations. In genome-wide studies several polymorphisms have been reported, which are highly associated with plasma lipid level changes. Our goal was to examine eight variants: rs12130333 at the ANGPTL3, rs16996148 at the CILP2, rs17321515 at the TRIB1, rs17145738 and rs3812316 of the MLXIPL, rs4846914 at GALNT2, rs1260326 and rs780094 residing at the GCKR loci. A total of 399 Roma (Gypsy) and 404 Hungarian population samples were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. Significant differences were found between Roma and Hungarian population samples in both MLXIPL variants (C allele frequency of rs17145738: 94.1% vs. 85.6%, C allele frequency of rs3812316: 94.2% vs. 86.8% in Romas vs. in Hungarians, p < 0.05), in ANGPTL3 (T allele frequency of rs1213033: 12.2% vs. 18.5% in Romas vs. Hungarians, p < 0.05) and GALNT2 (G allele frequency of rs4846914: 46.6% vs. 54.5% Romas vs. in Hungarians, p < 0.05), while no differences over SNPs could be verified and the known minor alleles showed no correlation with triglyceride levels in any population samples. The current study revealed fundamental differences of known triglyceride modifying SNPs in Roma population. Failure of finding evidence for affected triglyceride metabolism shows that these susceptibility genes are much less effective compared for example to the apolipoprotein A5 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Sumegi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary,
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Szabo A, Czako M, Hadzsiev K, Duga B, Komlosi K, Melegh B. Partial tetrasomy of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 in two patients: the significance of the gene dosage in terms of phenotype. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:41. [PMID: 26110020 PMCID: PMC4479342 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large amounts of low copy number repeats in the 15q11.2q13.3 chromosomal region increase the possibility of misalignments and unequal crossover during meiosis in this region, leading to deletions, duplications, triplications and supernumerary chromosomes. Most of the reported cases with epilepsy, autism and Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome are in association with rearrangements of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15. Results Here we report the first two unrelated Hungarian patients with the same epileptic and dysmorphic features, who were investigated by array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). By G-banded karyotype followed by FISH and array CGH we could detect partial tetrasomy of the 15q11.2q13.3 chromosomal region, supporting proximal 15q duplication syndrome. Findings of the array CGH gave fully explanation of the phenotypic features of these patients, including epileptic seizures, delayed development, hyperactivity and craniofacial dysmorphic signs. Besides the described features of isodicentric (15) (idic(15)) syndrome Patient 1. suffered from bigeminic extrasystoles and had postnatal growth retardation, which had been published only in a few articles. Conclusions Dosage effect of some genes in the concerned genomic region is known, but several genes have no evidence to have dosage dependence. Our results expanded the previous literature data. We assume dosage dependence in the case of CHRNA7 and OTUD7A, which might be involved in growth regulation. On the other hand increased dosage of the KLF13 gene seems to have no direct causal relationship with heart morphology. The genomic environment of the affected genes may be responsible for the observed phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-015-0137-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Szabo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Marta Czako
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Duga
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Komlosi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary ; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Weber A, Szalai R, Sipeky C, Magyari L, Melegh M, Jaromi L, Matyas P, Duga B, Kovesdi E, Hadzsiev K, Melegh B. Increased prevalence of functional minor allele variants of drug metabolizing CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 genes in Roma population samples. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:460-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nagy A, Szalai R, Magyari L, Bene J, Toth K, Melegh B. Extreme differences in SLCO1B3 functional polymorphisms in Roma and Hungarian populations. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 39:1246-1251. [PMID: 26005078 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Variants in SLCO1B3 transporter are linked to disposition and uptake of drugs and show high degree of heterogeneity between populations. A total of 467 Roma and 448 Hungarian subjects were genotyped for SLCO1B3 c.334T>G and c.1683-5676A>G variant alleles by PCR-RFLP assay and direct sequencing. We found significant differences in the frequencies of homozygous variant genotypes of SLCO1B3 334GG (41.54% vs. 8.04%, p<0.001) and 1683-5676GG (0.43% vs. 2.01%, p=0.028) between Romas and Hungarians. A significantly increased prevalence was found in SLCO1B3 1683-5676G allele frequency in Hungarians compared to the Roma population (15.07% vs. 3.43%, p≤0.001). The frequency of SLCO1B3 334G allele was significantly increased in Roma population compared to Hungarians (70.56% vs. 52.23%, p=0.001). The LD values between the examined SNPs were 80 and 90 in Roma and in Hungarian samples, respectively. Our results highlight notable pharmacogenetic differences between Roma and Hungarian populations, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Nagy
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 13, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Renata Szalai
- Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Lili Magyari
- Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Judit Bene
- Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Kalman Toth
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 13, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Bela Melegh
- Clinical Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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Nissenkorn A, Levy-Drummer RS, Bondi O, Renieri A, Villard L, Mari F, Mencarelli MA, Lo Rizzo C, Meloni I, Pineda M, Armstrong J, Clarke A, Bahi-Buisson N, Mejaski BV, Djuric M, Craiu D, Djukic A, Pini G, Bisgaard AM, Melegh B, Vignoli A, Russo S, Anghelescu C, Veneselli E, Hayek J, Ben-Zeev B. Epilepsy in Rett syndrome--lessons from the Rett networked database. Epilepsia 2015; 56:569-76. [PMID: 25789914 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, and characterized by cognitive and communicative regression, loss of hand use, and midline hand stereotypies. Epilepsy is a core symptom, but literature is controversial regarding genotype-phenotype correlation. Analysis of data from a large cohort should overcome this shortcoming. METHODS Data from the Rett Syndrome Networked Database on 1,248 female patients were included. Data on phenotypic and genotypic parameters, age of onset, severity of epilepsy, and type of seizures were collected. Statistical analysis was done using the IBM SPSS Version 21 software, logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS Epilepsy was present in 68.1% of the patients, with uncontrolled seizures in 32.6% of the patients with epilepsy. Mean age of onset of epilepsy was 4.68 ± (standard deviation) 3.5 years. Younger age of onset was correlated to severity of epilepsy (Spearman correlation r = 0.668, p < 0.01). Patients with late truncating deletions had lower prevalence of epilepsy. Compared to them, the p.R133C mutation, associated with a milder Rett phenotype, increased the risk for epilepsy (odds ratio [OR] 2.46, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.3-4.66), but not for severe epilepsy. The p.R255X mutation conferred an increased risk for epilepsy (OR 2.07, CI 95% 1.2-3.59) as well as for severe epilepsy (OR 3.4, CI 95% 1.6-7.3). The p.T158M and p.C306C mutations relatively increased the risk for severe epilepsy (OR 3.09 and 2.69, CI 95% 1.48-6.4 and 1.19-6.05, respectively), but not for epilepsy occurrence. SIGNIFICANCE Various mutations in the MECP2 gene have a different influence on epilepsy, unrelated to the severity of the general Rett phenotype. This might suggest a site-specific effect of MeCp2 on epileptic pathways. Further investigation of these mechanisms should promote better understanding of epileptogenesis in Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Nissenkorn
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Rett National Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gusev A, Lee S, Trynka G, Finucane H, Vilhjálmsson B, Xu H, Zang C, Ripke S, Bulik-Sullivan B, Stahl E, Kähler AK, Hultman CM, Purcell SM, McCarroll SA, Daly M, Pasaniuc B, Sullivan PF, Neale BM, Wray NR, Raychaudhuri S, Price AL, Ripke S, Neale B, Corvin A, Walters J, Farh KH, Holmans P, Lee P, Bulik-Sullivan B, Collier D, Huang H, Pers T, Agartz I, Agerbo E, Albus M, Alexander M, Amin F, Bacanu S, Begemann M, Belliveau R, Bene J, Bergen S, Bevilacqua E, Bigdeli T, Black D, Børglum A, Bruggeman R, Buccola N, Buckner R, Byerley W, Cahn W, Cai G, Campion D, Cantor R, Carr V, Carrera N, Catts S, Chambert K, Chan R, Chen R, Chen E, Cheng W, Cheung E, Chong S, Cloninger C, Cohen D, Cohen N, Cormican P, Craddock N, Crowley J, Curtis D, Davidson M, Davis K, Degenhardt F, Del Favero J, DeLisi L, Demontis D, Dikeos D, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Duan J, Dudbridge F, Durmishi N, Eichhammer P, Eriksson J, Escott-Price V, Essioux L, Fanous A, Farrell M, Frank J, Franke L, Freedman R, Freimer N, Friedl M, Friedman J, Fromer M, Genovese G, Georgieva L, Gershon E, Giegling I, Giusti-Rodrguez P, Godard S, Goldstein J, Golimbet V, Gopal S, Gratten J, Grove J, de Haan L, Hammer C, Hamshere M, Hansen M, Hansen T, Haroutunian V, Hartmann A, Henskens F, Herms S, Hirschhorn J, Hoffmann P, Hofman A, Hollegaard M, Hougaard D, Ikeda M, Joa I, Julià A, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Karachanak-Yankova S, Karjalainen J, Kavanagh D, Keller M, Kelly B, Kennedy J, Khrunin A, Kim Y, Klovins J, Knowles J, Konte B, Kucinskas V, Kucinskiene Z, Kuzelova-Ptackova H, Kähler A, Laurent C, Keong J, Lee S, Legge S, Lerer B, Li M, Li T, Liang KY, Lieberman J, Limborska S, Loughland C, Lubinski J, Lnnqvist J, Macek M, Magnusson P, Maher B, Maier W, Mallet J, Marsal S, Mattheisen M, Mattingsdal M, McCarley R, McDonald C, McIntosh A, Meier S, Meijer C, Melegh B, Melle I, Mesholam-Gately R, Metspalu A, Michie P, Milani L, Milanova V, Mokrab Y, Morris D, Mors O, Mortensen P, Murphy K, Murray R, Myin-Germeys I, Mller-Myhsok B, Nelis M, Nenadic I, Nertney D, Nestadt G, Nicodemus K, Nikitina-Zake L, Nisenbaum L, Nordin A, O’Callaghan E, O’Dushlaine C, O’Neill F, Oh SY, Olincy A, Olsen L, Van Os J, Pantelis C, Papadimitriou G, Papiol S, Parkhomenko E, Pato M, Paunio T, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Perkins D, Pietilinen O, Pimm J, Pocklington A, Powell J, Price A, Pulver A, Purcell S, Quested D, Rasmussen H, Reichenberg A, Reimers M, Richards A, Roffman J, Roussos P, Ruderfer D, Salomaa V, Sanders A, Schall U, Schubert C, Schulze T, Schwab S, Scolnick E, Scott R, Seidman L, Shi J, Sigurdsson E, Silagadze T, Silverman J, Sim K, Slominsky P, Smoller J, So HC, Spencer C, Stahl E, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Stogmann E, Straub R, Strengman E, Strohmaier J, Stroup T, Subramaniam M, Suvisaari J, Svrakic D, Szatkiewicz J, Sderman E, Thirumalai S, Toncheva D, Tooney P, Tosato S, Veijola J, Waddington J, Walsh D, Wang D, Wang Q, Webb B, Weiser M, Wildenauer D, Williams N, Williams S, Witt S, Wolen A, Wong E, Wormley B, Wu J, Xi H, Zai C, Zheng X, Zimprich F, Wray N, Stefansson K, Visscher P, Adolfsson R, Andreassen O, Blackwood D, Bramon E, Buxbaum J, Brglum A, Cichon S, Darvasi A, Domenici E, Ehrenreich H, Esko T, Gejman P, Gill M, Gurling H, Hultman C, Iwata N, Jablensky A, Jönsson E, Kendler K, Kirov G, Knight J, Lencz T, Levinson D, Li Q, Liu J, Malhotra A, McCarroll S, McQuillin A, Moran J, Mortensen P, Mowry B, Nthen M, Ophoff R, Owen M, Palotie A, Pato C, Petryshen T, Posthuma D, Rietschel M, Riley B, Rujescu D, Sham P, Sklar P, St. Clair D, Weinberger D, Wendland J, Werge T, Daly M, Sullivan P, O’Donovan M, Ripke S, O’Dushlaine C, Chambert K, Moran JL, Kähler AK, Akterin S, Bergen S, Magnusson PK, Neale BM, Ruderfer D, Scolnick E, Purcell S, McCarroll S, Sklar P, Hultman CM, Sullivan PF. Partitioning heritability of regulatory and cell-type-specific variants across 11 common diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:535-52. [PMID: 25439723 PMCID: PMC4225595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory and coding variants are known to be enriched with associations identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of complex disease, but their contributions to trait heritability are currently unknown. We applied variance-component methods to imputed genotype data for 11 common diseases to partition the heritability explained by genotyped SNPs (hg(2)) across functional categories (while accounting for shared variance due to linkage disequilibrium). Extensive simulations showed that in contrast to current estimates from GWAS summary statistics, the variance-component approach partitions heritability accurately under a wide range of complex-disease architectures. Across the 11 diseases DNaseI hypersensitivity sites (DHSs) from 217 cell types spanned 16% of imputed SNPs (and 24% of genotyped SNPs) but explained an average of 79% (SE = 8%) of hg(2) from imputed SNPs (5.1× enrichment; p = 3.7 × 10(-17)) and 38% (SE = 4%) of hg(2) from genotyped SNPs (1.6× enrichment, p = 1.0 × 10(-4)). Further enrichment was observed at enhancer DHSs and cell-type-specific DHSs. In contrast, coding variants, which span 1% of the genome, explained <10% of hg(2) despite having the highest enrichment. We replicated these findings but found no significant contribution from rare coding variants in independent schizophrenia cohorts genotyped on GWAS and exome chips. Our results highlight the value of analyzing components of heritability to unravel the functional architecture of common disease.
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Janicsek I, Sipeky C, Bene J, Duga B, Melegh BI, Sümegi K, Jaromi L, Magyari L, Melegh B. Erratum to: Significant interethnic differences in functional variants of PON1 and P2RY12 genes in Roma and Hungarian population samples. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:317. [PMID: 25366175 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Janicsek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Szentágothai János Research Center, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary,
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Szalai R, Magyari L, Matyas P, Duga B, Banfai Z, Szabo A, Kovesdi E, Melegh B. Genetic polymorphisms in promoter and intronic regions of CYP1A2 gene in Roma and Hungarian population samples. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 38:814-820. [PMID: 25461540 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the interethnic differences of four CYP1A2 drug metabolizing enzyme variants. A total of 404 Roma and 396 Hungarian healthy subjects were genotyped for -163C>A, -729C>T, -2467delT and -3860G>A variants of CYP1A2 by RT-PCR and PCR-RFLP technique. The -3860A and -729T allele were not detectable in Roma samples, while in Hungarian samples were present with 2.02% and 0.25% prevalence, respectively. There was a 1.5-fold difference in presence of homozygous -163AA genotype between Hungarian and Roma samples (49.5% vs. 31.9%, p<0.001). The -163A allele frequency was 68.6% in Hungarians and 56.9% in Romas (p=0.025). The -2467delT allele frequency was 6.81% in Roma group and 5.81% in Hungarians. The most frequent allelic constellation was -3860G/-2467T/-729C/-163A in both populations. In conclusion, Hungarians have markedly elevated chance for rapid metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates, intensified procarcinogen activation and increased risk for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Lili Magyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Petra Matyas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Balazs Duga
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Banfai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Andras Szabo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Erzsebet Kovesdi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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Janicsek I, Sipeky C, Bene J, Duga B, Melegh BI, Melegh B, Sümegi K, Jaromi L, Magyari L, Melegh B. Significant interethnic differencies in functional variants of PON1 and P2RY12 genes in Roma and Hungarian population samples. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:227-32. [PMID: 25297118 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel is one of the most common therapies given to patients worldwide. However, the clinical efficacy and toxicity of clopidogrel is not constant in every patient due to interindividual variations. There are several factors that contribute to these interindividual differencies such as SNPs in genes of specific receptors and enzymes. PON1 (paraoxonase 1) plays an important role in the bioactivation of clopidogrel. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of this gene decrease the activity of paraoxonase enzyme and lead to an unefficient clopidogrel effect. P2RY12 (purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12) gene is coding a receptor, which is situated on the surface of the platelets and plays a role in ADP-induced platelet aggregation. In this study we investigated 2 functional SNPs of PON1 gene (rs662 and rs854560) and 3 variants of the P2RY12 gene (rs2046934, rs6798347, rs6801273) in samples pooled from average Hungarian Roma and Hungarian population samples with PCR-RFLP method. For the PON1 variants we detected that the R allele frequency was significantly lower in the Roma group compared to the Hungarian population. (0.249 vs 0.318 p < 0.001). By contrast, the frequency of the M allele was significantly higher in Roma than in Hungarians (0.332 vs 0.290 p < 0.05). For the 3 P2RY12 variants we could find significant differencies only in rs2046934: the frequency of the CC genotype is 7 times higher in Hungarians than in Romas (1.4 vs 0.2 %, p < 0.05). The data presented here represent a unique genetic profile in Roma people that has not been reported for other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Janicsek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Szentágothai János Research Center, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary,
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Magyari L, Varszegi D, Kovesdi E, Sarlos P, Farago B, Javorhazy A, Sumegi K, Banfai Z, Melegh B. Interleukins and interleukin receptors in rheumatoid arthritis: Research, diagnostics and clinical implications. World J Orthop 2014; 5:516-536. [PMID: 25232528 PMCID: PMC4133458 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i4.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder. It may affect many tissues and organs, but it primarily affects the flexible joints. In clinical practice patient care generates many questions about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It is challenging for health care specialists to keep up to date with the medical literature. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, the polymorphisms of interleukin and interleukin genes and the standard available and possible future immunologic targets for RA treatment. The identification of disease-associated interleukin and interleukin receptor genes can provide precious insight into the genetic variations prior to disease onset in order to identify the pathways important for RA pathogenesis. The knowledge of the complex genetic background may prove useful for developing novel therapies and making personalized medicine based on the individual’s genetics.
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Sarlos P, Kovesdi E, Magyari L, Banfai Z, Szabo A, Javorhazy A, Melegh B. Genetic update on inflammatory factors in ulcerative colitis: Review of the current literature. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:304-21. [PMID: 25133031 PMCID: PMC4133528 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the main types of inflammatory bowel disease, which is caused by dysregulated immune responses in genetically predisposed individuals. Several genetic factors, including interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms and other inflammation-related genes play central role in mediating and modulating the inflammation in the human body, thereby these can be the main cause of development of the disease. It is clear these data are very important for understanding the base of the disease, especially in terms of clinical utility and validity, but summarized literature is exiguous for challenge health specialist that can used in the clinical practice nowadays. This review summarizes the current literature on inflammation-related genetic polymorphisms which are associated with UC. We performed an electronic search of Pubmed Database among publications of the last 10 years, using the following medical subject heading terms: UC, ulcerative colitis, inflammation, genes, polymorphisms, and susceptibility.
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Szalai R, Matyas P, Varszegi D, Melegh M, Magyari L, Jaromi L, Sumegi K, Duga B, Kovesdi E, Hadzsiev K, Melegh B. Admixture of beneficial and unfavourable variants of GLCCI1 and FCER2 in Roma samples can implicate different clinical response to corticosteroids. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7665-9. [PMID: 25091946 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variants of glucocorticoid induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) result decreased response to inhaled corticosteroids, while intronic variant of low-affinity IgE receptor (FCER2) is associated with exacerbation rates in children with asthma. We examined the ethnic differences, allele and genotype frequencies of two linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs37972, rs37973) of GLCCI1 and rs28364072 intronic variant of FCER2 gene in average Roma and Hungarian population. A study population of 474 healthy Roma and 397 Hungarian subjects were characterized for GLCCI1 and FCER2 polymorphisms using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The rs37972 and rs37973 polymorphisms in GLCCI1 were found in 100% linkage disequilibrium both in Romas and in Hungarians. We found significant differences between the two groups regarding both minor allele frequencies (54.5 vs. 43.8%, p ≤ 0.01) and homozygous genotype (31.6 vs. 21.3%, p ≤ 0.01) of GLCCI1. For FCER2 rs28364072 the homozygous variant genotype was present in 2.8% in Romas, while in Hungarians it was 5.8% (p = 0.032). The opposite changes of these two polymorphisms strongly suggest that contrary current belief analyses of GLCCI1 variants are insufficient for personalised glucocorticoid therapies in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
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