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Thompson B, Petrić Howe N. Dad's microbiome can affect offspring's health - in mice. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01313-z. [PMID: 38693239 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
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Liu J, Huang C, Cotter SA, Chan LYL, Yu Y, Jia Y, Ye Q, Feng L, Yao Y, Jiang R, Xiao C, Xu Z, Zhuang Y, He Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Yuan J, Wen Y, Yu W, Pang Y, Lu ZL, Thompson B, Li J. Novel Quantitative Contrast Sensitivity Function Enhances the Prediction of Treatment Outcome and Recurrence in Amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:31. [PMID: 38771572 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although effective amblyopia treatments are available, treatment outcome is unpredictable, and the condition recurs in up to 25% of the patients. We aimed to evaluate whether a large-scale quantitative contrast sensitivity function (CSF) data source, coupled with machine learning (ML) algorithms, can predict amblyopia treatment response and recurrence in individuals. Methods Visual function measures from traditional chart vision acuity (VA) and novel CSF assessments were used as the main predictive variables in the models. Information from 58 potential predictors was extracted to predict treatment response and recurrence. Six ML methods were applied to construct models. The SHapley Additive exPlanations was used to explain the predictions. Results A total of 2559 consecutive records of 643 patients with amblyopia were eligible for modeling. Combining variables from VA and CSF assessments gave the highest accuracy for treatment response prediction, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.863 and 0.815 for outcome predictions after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Variables from the VA assessment alone predicted the treatment response, with AUC values of 0.723 and 0.675 after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Variables from the CSF assessment gave rise to an AUC of 0.909 for recurrence prediction compared to 0.539 for VA assessment alone, and adding VA variables did not improve predictive performance. The interocular differences in CSF features are significant contributors to recurrence risk. Conclusions Our models showed CSF data could enhance treatment response prediction and accurately predict amblyopia recurrence, which has the potential to guide amblyopia management by enabling patient-tailored decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chencui Huang
- AI Lab, Beijing Deepwise & League of PHD Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Susan A Cotter
- Southern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, United States
| | - Lily Y L Chan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yizhou Yu
- AI Lab, Beijing Deepwise & League of PHD Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rengang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chutong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, California, United States
| | - Zixuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunsi He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junpeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangfei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Division of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neural Science and Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University-East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sidik SM, Thompson B. Audio long read: Why loneliness is bad for your health. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01251-w. [PMID: 38671277 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
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Thompson B, Gibney E. How gliding marsupials got their 'wings'. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01230-1. [PMID: 38658726 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
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Thompson B. Living on Mars would probably suck - here's why. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01158-6. [PMID: 38641726 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
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Thompson B, Baker N. Keys, wallet, phone: the neuroscience behind working memory. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01136-y. [PMID: 38632430 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
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Thompson B, Das VE, Fine I. Editorial: Insights in visual neuroscience: 2023. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1396011. [PMID: 38686333 PMCID: PMC11056586 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1396011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vallabh E. Das
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ione Fine
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Human Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Jia Y, Ye Q, Liu J, Feng L, Xu Z, He Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Yao Y, Thompson B, Li J. Associations between the cause of amblyopia and pre-treatment contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, fixation, and nystagmus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28857. [PMID: 38596124 PMCID: PMC11002286 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the association between the cause of amblyopia and pre-treatment contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, fixation and nystagmus. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods A retrospective review was conducted for 3408 patients with amblyopia who had not yet started amblyopia treatment utilizing a large amblyopia patient database maintained at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre. Six amblyogenic factor subtypes were identified: anisometropia, isoametropia, strabismus, anisometropia and strabismus, monocular visual deprivation, and binocular visual deprivation amblyopia. Monocular best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the contrast sensitivity function (CSF), fixation, and stereopsis were compared between the subtypes before and after propensity score matching (PSM) for age and sex. Results The two deprivation groups had poorer BCVA and CSF than the other groups. There were no systematic differences in CSF between the non-deprivation groups. Nystagmus was more common in the bilateral amblyopia groups compared to the monocular amblyopia groups. Eccentric fixation was uncommon with the exception of the anisometropia and strabismus group which had an eccentric fixation rate of 20%. Distance stereoacuity measured without monocular cues was absent for almost all patients. The results were consistent when analyzed using PSM. Conclusion Visual deprivation causes more severe amblyopia than other amblyogenic factors. For non-deprivation amblyopia subtypes, individual differences such as variation in the severity of the amblyogenic factor might be more important in determining pre-treatment vision than whether amblyopia was caused by refractive error, strabismus or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Qingqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunsi He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Petrić Howe N, Thompson B. The 'ghost roads' driving tropical deforestation. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01070-z. [PMID: 38600201 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
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10
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Ledford H, Thompson B. Audio long read: Why are so many young people getting cancer? What the data say. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00884-1. [PMID: 38580825 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
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Thompson B, Baker N, Graham F. Pregnancy's effect on 'biological' age, polite birds, and the carbon cost of home-grown veg. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00990-0. [PMID: 38570657 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
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12
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Petrić Howe N, Thompson B. AI hears hidden X factor in zebra finch love songs. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00864-5. [PMID: 38509301 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
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13
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Thompson B, Petrić Howe N. Killer whales have menopause. Now scientists think they know why. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00794-2. [PMID: 38480951 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
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Petrić Howe N, Thompson B. These tiny fish combine electric pulses to probe the environment. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00685-6. [PMID: 38448534 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
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Kulmaganbetov M, Leung M, Alsweiler JM, Black J, Bloomfield FH, Gamble GD, Harding JE, Jiang Y, Poppe T, Tottman AC, Wouldes TA, Thompson B. Associations between neonatal nutrition and visual outcomes in 7-year-old children born very preterm. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:347-355. [PMID: 38069619 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is uncertainty about the effect of increased neonatal protein intake on neurodevelopmental outcomes following preterm birth. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a change in neonatal nutrition protocol at a major tertiary neonatal intensive care unit intended to increase protein intake on ophthalmic and visual development in school-age children born very preterm. METHODS The study cohort comprised children (n = 128) with birthweight <1500 g or gestational age < 30 weeks born at Auckland City Hospital before (OldPro group, n = 55) and after (NewPro group, n = 73) a reformulation of parenteral nutrition that resulted in increased total protein intake during the first postnatal week and decreased carbohydrate, total parenteral fluid and sodium intake. Clinical and psychophysical vision assessments were completed at 7 years' corrected age, including visual acuity, global motion perception (a measure of dorsal stream function), stereoacuity, ocular motility and ocular health. Composite measures of favourable overall visual, binocular and functional visual outcomes along with individual vision measures were compared between the groups using logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS Favourable overall visual outcome did not differ between the two groups. However, global motion perception was better in the NewPro group (p = 0.04), whereas the OldPro group were more likely to have favourable binocular visual outcomes (60% vs. 36%, p = 0.02) and passing stereoacuity (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate subtle but complex associations between early neonatal nutrition after very preterm birth and visual development at school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhit Kulmaganbetov
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Kazakh Eye Research Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Myra Leung
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Discipline of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane M Alsweiler
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Newborn Services, National Women's Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Black
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Greg D Gamble
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane E Harding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanya Poppe
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna C Tottman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Trecia A Wouldes
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Nuwer R, Thompson B. Audio long read: Chimpanzees are dying from our colds - these scientists are trying to save them. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00524-8. [PMID: 38409402 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
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Thompson B, Petrić Howe N. Why are we nice? Altruism's origins are put to the test. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00539-1. [PMID: 38383652 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
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Niechwiej-Szwedo E, Brin TA, Thompson B, Christian LWT. Kinematic Assessment of Fine Motor Skills in Children: Comparison of a Kinematic Approach and a Standardized Test. Vision (Basel) 2024; 8:6. [PMID: 38391087 PMCID: PMC10885072 DOI: 10.3390/vision8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficits in fine motor skills have been reported in some children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as amblyopia or strabismus. Therefore, monitoring the development of motor skills and any potential improvement due to therapy is an important clinical goal. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of performing a kinematic assessment within an optometric setting using inexpensive, portable, off-the-shelf equipment. The study also assessed whether kinematic data could enhance the information provided by a routine motor function screening test (the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC). Using the MABC-2, upper limb dexterity was measured in a cohort of 47 typically developing children (7-15 years old), and the Leap motion capture system was used to record hand kinematics while children performed a bead-threading task. Two children with a history of amblyopia were also tested to explore the utility of a kinematic assessment in a clinical population. For the typically developing children, visual acuity and stereoacuity were within the normal range; however, the average standardized MABC-2 scores were lower than published norms. Comparing MABC-2 and kinematic measures in the two children with amblyopia revealed that both assessments provide convergent results and revealed deficits in fine motor control. In conclusion, kinematic assessment can augment standardized tests of fine motor skills in an optometric setting and may be useful for measuring visuomotor function and monitoring treatment outcomes in children with binocular vision anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Taylor A Brin
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lisa W T Christian
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Thompson B, Petrić Howe N. Cancer's power harnessed - lymphoma mutations supercharge T cells. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00379-z. [PMID: 38326424 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
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Wei X, Franke N, Alsweiler JM, Brown GTL, Gamble GD, McNeill A, Rogers J, Thompson B, Turuwhenua J, Wouldes TA, Harding JE, McKinlay CJD. Dextrose gel prophylaxis for neonatal hypoglycaemia and neurocognitive function at early school age: a randomised dosage trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2024:fetalneonatal-2023-326452. [PMID: 38307710 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different doses of prophylactic dextrose gel on neurocognitive function and health at 6-7 years. DESIGN Early school-age follow-up of the pre-hPOD (hypoglycaemia Prevention with Oral Dextrose) study. SETTING Schools and communities. PATIENTS Children born at ≥35 weeks with ≥1 risk factor for neonatal hypoglycaemia: maternal diabetes, small or large for gestational age, or late preterm. INTERVENTIONS Four interventions commencing at 1 hour of age: dextrose gel (40%) 200 mg/kg; 400 mg/kg; 200 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg repeated before three feeds (800 mg/kg); 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg before three feeds (1000 mg/kg); compared with equivolume placebo (combined for analysis). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Toolbox cognitive and motor batteries, as well as tests of motion perception, numeracy and cardiometabolic health, were used. The primary outcome was neurocognitive impairment, defined as a standard score of more than 1 SD below the age-corrected mean on one or more Toolbox tests. FINDINGS Of 392 eligible children, 309 were assessed for the primary outcome. There were no significant differences in the rate of neurocognitive impairment between those randomised to placebo (56%) and dextrose gel (200 mg/kg 46%: adjusted risk difference (aRD)=-14%, 95% CI -35%, 7%; 400 mg/kg 48%: aRD=-7%, 95% CI -27%, 12%; 800 mg/kg 45%: aRD=-14%, 95% CI -36%, 9%; 1000 mg/kg 50%: aRD=-8%, 95% CI -29%, 13%). Children exposed to any dose of dextrose gel (combined), compared with placebo, had a lower risk of motor impairment (3% vs 14%, aRD=-11%, 95% CI -19%, -3%) and higher mean (SD) cognitive scores (106.0 (15.3) vs 101.1 (15.7), adjusted mean difference=5.4, 95% CI 1.8, 8.9). CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic neonatal dextrose gel did not alter neurocognitive impairment at early school age but may have motor and cognitive benefits. Further school-age follow-up studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wei
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nike Franke
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane M Alsweiler
- Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gavin T L Brown
- Learning, Development and Professional Practice, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory D Gamble
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alicia McNeill
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Rogers
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason Turuwhenua
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Trecia A Wouldes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane E Harding
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J D McKinlay
- Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kapahi C, Silva AE, Cory DG, Kulmaganbetov M, Mungalsingh MA, Pushin DA, Singh T, Thompson B, Sarenac D. Measuring the visual angle of polarization-related entoptic phenomena using structured light. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:1278-1287. [PMID: 38404299 PMCID: PMC10890886 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The ability to perceive polarization-related entoptic phenomena arises from the dichroism of macular pigments held in Henle's fiber layer of the retina and can be inhibited by retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, which alters the structure of the macula. Structured light tools enable the direct probing of macular pigment density and retinal structure through the perception of polarization-dependent entoptic patterns. Here, we directly measure the visual angle of an entoptic pattern created through the illumination of the retina with a structured state of light and a perception task that is insensitive to corneal birefringence. The central region of the structured light stimuli was obstructed, with the size of the obstruction varying according to a psychophysical staircase. Two stimuli, one producing 11 azimuthal fringes and the other three azimuthal fringes, were presented to 24 healthy participants. The pattern with 11 azimuthal fringes produced an average visual angle threshold of 10° ± 1° and a 95% confidence interval (C.I.) of [6°, 14°]. For the pattern with three azimuthal fringes, a threshold extent of 3.6° ± 0.3° C.I. = [1.3°, 5.8°] was measured, a value similar to the published extent of Haidinger's brush (4°). The increase in apparent size and clarity of entoptic phenomena produced by the presented structured light stimuli offers the potential to detect the early signs of macular disease over perception tasks using uniform polarization stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kapahi
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - A E Silva
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - D G Cory
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | | | - M A Mungalsingh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - D A Pushin
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - T Singh
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - B Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - D Sarenac
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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22
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Thompson B, McMahon AT, Watson WL, Riesenberg D, Hughes C, Neale EP. Consumer perceptions of nutrient content claims in Australia: A qualitative study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:168-181. [PMID: 37752748 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition and health claims influence consumer purchasing. Claims include content claims, which refer to the amount of a nutrient contained in a product, and health claims, which refer to health benefits of foods or nutrients in a product. Products that display a health claim must meet the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC). The present study aimed to explore consumer perceptions of content claims used on food and beverage labelling and advertisements. METHODS Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with Australian consumers. Analysis involved an inductive, reflexive approach to thematic analysis. RESULTS Six focus groups involving 26 participants were conducted. Four main interconnected themes were generated: (1) complex factors influence food choice; (2) content claim scepticism; (3) the difference between content and health claims is unclear; and (4) the regulation of content claims is not common knowledge. Content claims were used, although generally viewed through a lens of scepticism and mistrust, and seen as a promotional tool for the food industry. Product complexity appeared to increase content claim use as a result of consumer uncertainty of the content of complex products, such as ultraprocessed foods. Most participants were aware that content and health claims were in some way regulated. Overall, they did not know further detail, including the relevant regulatory body. CONCLUSIONS For content claims to support the consumer they need to be accurate and their use limited to healthier foods. This can be achieved by requiring products with content claims to meet NPSC thresholds, as required for products making health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thompson
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne-Therese McMahon
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy L Watson
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devorah Riesenberg
- Cancer Prevention and Research, Cancer Council WA, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clare Hughes
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Ledford H, Thompson B. Audio long read: Long COVID is a double curse in low-income nations - here's why. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00224-3. [PMID: 38278934 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
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24
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Thompson B, Bundell S. Toxic red mud could be turned into 'green' steel. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00213-6. [PMID: 38267555 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
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25
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Wang J, Choi KY, Thompson B, Chan HHL, Cheong AMY. The effect of montages of transcranial alternating current stimulation on occipital responses-a sham-controlled pilot study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1273044. [PMID: 38328519 PMCID: PMC10849049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1273044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS) refers to a promising non-invasive technique to improve brain functions. However, owing to various stimulation parameters in the literature, optimization of the stimulation is warranted. In this study, the authors aimed to compare the effect of tACS electrode montages on occipital responses. Methods In three montage sessions (i.e., Oz-Cz, Oz-cheek, and sham), 10 healthy young adults participated, receiving 20-min 2-mA alpha-tACS. Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were measured before tACS (T0), immediately after (T20), and 20 min (T40) after tACS. Normalized changes in time-domain features (i.e., N75, P100 amplitudes, and P100 latency) and frequency-domain features [i.e., power spectral density in alpha (PSDα) and beta (PSDβ) bands] were evaluated. Results In contrast to our hypothesis, the occipital response decreased immediately (T20) after receiving the 20-min tACS in all montages in terms of P100 amplitude (p = 0.01). This reduction returned to baseline level (T0) in Oz-cheek and sham conditions but sustained in the Oz-Cz condition (T40, p = 0.03) after 20 min of tACS. The effects on N75 amplitude and P100 latency were statistically insignificant. For spectral analysis, both PSDα and PSDβ were significantly increased after tACS at T20, in which the effect sustained until T40. However, there was no differential effect by montages. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of sensations across the montages. The effectiveness of the blinding is supported by the participants' rate of guessing correctly. Conclusion This study revealed an immediate inhibitory effect of tACS, regardless of the montages. This inhibitory effect sustained in the Oz-Cz montage but faded out in other montages after 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Wang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kai Yip Choi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry Ho Lung Chan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allen Ming Yan Cheong
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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26
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Thompson B, Baker N, Graham F. The science stories you missed over the holiday period. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00085-w. [PMID: 38200340 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
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27
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Mungalsingh MA, Thompson B, Peterson SD, Murphy PJ. Stimulus characteristics of a novel air-based multiple stimulus aesthesiometer. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:32-41. [PMID: 37994563 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the stimulus airflow characteristics and confirm the consistency of a novel air jet-based aesthesiometer capable of producing and applying multiple stimuli separated either by time and/or by space. METHODS A novel aesthesiometer (Dolphin Aesthesiometer) was designed around a micro-blower under software management. Two nozzle attachments assisted in airflow control (flexible tube 1.6 mm diameter; brass tube 0.5 mm diameter). Four studies that tested the characteristics of the airflow and stimulus consistency were completed: (i) airflow pattern/trajectory, (ii) airflow surface dispersion, (iii) force of airflow across a range of stimulus strengths and (iv) thermal effects on the ocular surface. RESULTS Stimulus characteristic studies revealed: (i) airflow is coherent within the expected test distance range for the instrument, and spread rate is constant irrespective of stimulus strength; (ii) airflow dispersion occurs upon encountering a surface and dispersion increases with increasing airflow rate; (iii) a consistent and small force (10-4 N) is applied by the airflow and (iv) repeatable thermal effects occur in relation to the airflow, and the mode of stimulation of the Dolphin aesthesiometer is predominantly thermal in nature. CONCLUSIONS These studies confirm the repeatability and consistency of the novel instrument. The device is suitable for measuring corneal sensitivity. The availability of additional air jets allows the application of multiple stimuli to facilitate corneal summation investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Mungalsingh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J Murphy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Peplow M, Thompson B. Audio long read: A new kind of solar cell is coming - is it the future of green energy? Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03882-x. [PMID: 38158413 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
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29
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Thompson B, Petrić Howe N, Baker N, Fox D, Bundell S. The Nature Podcast highlights of 2023. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-04046-7. [PMID: 38151548 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-04046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
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30
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Kumar A, Thompson B, Gautam R, Tomat E, Huxter V. Temperature-Dependent Spin-Driven Dimerization Determines the Ultrafast Dynamics of a Copper(II)-Bound Tripyrrindione Radical. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11268-11273. [PMID: 38060441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Radicals and other open-shell molecules play a central role in chemical transformations and redox chemistry. While radicals are often highly reactive, stable radical systems are desirable for a range of potential applications, ranging from materials chemistry and catalysis to spintronics and quantum information. Here we investigate the ultrafast properties of a stable radical system with temperature-dependent spin-tunable properties. This radical complex, Cu(II) hexaethyl tripyrrin-1,14-dione, accommodates unpaired electrons localized on both the copper metal center and the tripyrrolic ligand. The unusual combination of two unpaired electrons and high stability in this radical molecule enable switchable temperature-dependent spin coupling. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy measurements of Cu(II) hexaethyl tripyrrin-1,14-dione were collected at room temperature and at 77 K. At room temperature, the molecules are present as monomers and have short picosecond lifetimes. At 77 K, the molecules are present in a dimer form mediated by ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling. This reversible spin-driven dimerization changes the optical properties of the system, generating long-lived excitonic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ritika Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Vanessa Huxter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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31
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Thompson B. Navigating planets, plays and prejudice - a conversation with Aomawa Shields. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03979-3. [PMID: 38102378 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
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32
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Corradi J, Thompson B, Fletcher PA, Bertram R, Sherman AS, Satin LS. K ATP channel activity and slow oscillations in pancreatic beta cells are regulated by mitochondrial ATP production. J Physiol 2023; 601:5655-5667. [PMID: 37983196 PMCID: PMC10842208 DOI: 10.1113/jp284982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin in response to plasma glucose. The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP ) links glucose metabolism to islet electrical activity in these cells by responding to increased cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP]. It was recently proposed that pyruvate kinase (PK) in close proximity to beta cell KATP locally produces the ATP that inhibits KATP activity. This proposal was largely based on the observation that applying phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and ADP to the cytoplasmic side of excised inside-out patches inhibited KATP . To test the relative contributions of local vs. mitochondrial ATP production, we recorded KATP activity using mouse beta cells and INS-1 832/13 cells. In contrast to prior reports, we could not replicate inhibition of KATP activity by PEP + ADP. However, when the pH of the PEP solutions was not corrected for the addition of PEP, strong channel inhibition was observed as a result of the well-known action of protons to inhibit KATP . In cell-attached recordings, perifusing either a PK activator or an inhibitor had little or no effect on KATP channel closure by glucose, further suggesting that PK is not an important regulator of KATP . In contrast, addition of mitochondrial inhibitors robustly increased KATP activity. Finally, by measuring the [ATP]/[ADP] responses to imposed calcium oscillations in mouse beta cells, we found that oxidative phosphorylation could raise [ATP]/[ADP] even when ADP was at its nadir during the burst silent phase, in agreement with our mathematical model. These results indicate that ATP produced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the primary controller of KATP in pancreatic beta cells. KEY POINTS: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) plus adenosine diphosphate does not inhibit KATP activity in excised patches. PEP solutions only inhibit KATP activity if the pH is unbalanced. Modulating pyruvate kinase has minimal effects on KATP activity. Mitochondrial inhibition, in contrast, robustly potentiates KATP activity in cell-attached patches. Although the ADP level falls during the silent phase of calcium oscillations, mitochondria can still produce enough ATP via oxidative phosphorylation to close KATP . Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is therefore the main source of the ATP that inhibits the KATP activity of pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremías Corradi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick A. Fletcher
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard Bertram
- Department of Mathematics and Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Arthur S. Sherman
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie S. Satin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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33
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Kemp C, Thompson B. Audio long read: Apple revival - how science is bringing historic varieties back to life. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03640-z. [PMID: 38001277 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
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34
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Thompson B, Bundell S. Polio could be eradicated within 3 years - what happens then? Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03682-3. [PMID: 37993621 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
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35
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Thompson B. Dust: the tiny substance with enormous power. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03588-0. [PMID: 37978282 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
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36
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Thompson B, Bundell S. How to 3D print fully formed robots. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03570-w. [PMID: 37968469 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
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37
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Thompson B. Massive study assesses benefits of lifestyle changes on diabetes risk. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03580-8. [PMID: 37974035 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
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38
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Thompson B, Petrić Howe N. How to tame a toxic yet life-saving antifungal. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03499-0. [PMID: 37940691 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
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39
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Prillaman M, Thompson B. Audio long read: Why BMI is flawed - and how to redefine obesity. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03257-2. [PMID: 37903933 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
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40
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Thompson B, Bundell S. Sounds of recovery: AI helps monitor wildlife during forest restoration. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03329-3. [PMID: 37880532 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
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41
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Thompson B, Bundell S. Gene edits move pig organs closer to human transplantation. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03206-z. [PMID: 37848713 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
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42
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Thompson B, Petrić Howe N. Astronomers are worried by a satellite brighter than most stars. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03132-0. [PMID: 37794157 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
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43
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Watson C, Thompson B. Audio long read: These animals are racing towards extinction. A new home might be their last chance. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02872-3. [PMID: 37773280 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
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44
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Petrić Howe N, Thompson B. This isn't the Nature Podcast - how deepfakes are distorting reality. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03042-1. [PMID: 37759116 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
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45
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Thompson B, Bundell S. Why does cancer spread to the spine? Newly discovered stem cells might be the key. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02968-w. [PMID: 37730786 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
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46
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Thompson B, Fox D, Bundell S. Our ancestors lost nearly 99% of their population, 900,000 years ago. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02837-6. [PMID: 37773284 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
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47
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Silva AE, Lehmann R, Perikleous N, Thompson B. The temporal dynamics of visual crowding in letter recognition: Modulating crowding with alternating flicker presentations. J Vis 2023; 23:18. [PMID: 37768277 PMCID: PMC10540873 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual crowding reduces the visibility of a peripherally presented group of stimuli. This is especially challenging for peripheral reading because adjacent letters or characters perceptually crowd one another. We investigated the temporal course of spatial visual crowding by sequentially alternating the visibility of the target and flanking letters within a trigram letter stimulus presented 9° below fixation. We found that alternation rates of roughly 3 Hz released half of the total effect of crowding, whereas 10 Hz alternation rates elicited near-crowded performance. Furthermore, we found a robust performance asymmetry whereby presenting the target first elicited better performance than presenting the flankers first, an effect resembling forward masking. These results held for conditions of high, medium, and low spatial crowding. Future work will determine whether the alternation rates found in the current study can improve peripheral reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Silva
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Lehmann
- Aalen University, Optics and Mechatronics, Aalen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Niki Perikleous
- Aalen University, Optics and Mechatronics, Aalen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Van Noorden R, Thompson B. Audio long read: Medicine is plagued by untrustworthy clinical trials. How many studies are faked or flawed? Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02627-0. [PMID: 37626217 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
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Thompson B, Petrić Howe N. Brain-reading implants turn thoughts into speech. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02683-6. [PMID: 37612492 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
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Thompson B. How to get more women in science, with Athene Donald. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02467-y. [PMID: 37532860 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
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