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Byrns G, Barham B, Yang L, Webster K, Rutherford G, Steiner G, Petras D, Scannell M. Usos y limitaciones de la lámpara ultravioleta germicida portátil para la desinfección de superficies. J Occup Environ Hyg 2021; 18:S75-S85. [PMID: 33822696 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1877057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RESUMENLa morbimortalidad causada por infecciones vinculadas a la atención sanatoria ha llevado a cuestionar si los métodos de desinfección convencionales son inadecuados y se requieren métodos complementarios, como la fumigación de la habitación y la irradiación ultravioleta. Ello ha dado lugar a la preocupación por que estos métodos alternativos puedan poner en riesgo al personal sanitario y a los pacientes.Objetivos. (1) Determinar la eficacia de la lámpara ultravioleta C germicida portátil para la desinfección de superficies, (2) evaluar el cambio de la humedad relativa (HR) y las distintas distancias específicas en las tasas de letalidad bacteriana, y (3) evaluar los posibles problemas a que conlleva la exposición.Métodos. En el presente estudio se investiga si una lámpara germicida portátil puede desinfectar de forma eficaz superficies tratadas con esporulación o germinación bacteriana y se evalúa el efecto de condiciones ambientales cambiantes, como la humedad relativa (HR), la posición y las distancias específicas, en las tasas de letalidad germicida.Resultados. Se constató una mejor tasa de letalidad con una HR de 40-65% y en un rango de temperatura de 21-24°C. Tanto la HR alta como la HR baja interfirieron con la capacidad de la radiación UV-C para inactivar la germinación microbiana. En el caso de la esporulación bacteriana, el aumento del secado de la superficie fue el factor de mayor importancia para aumentar la tasa de letalidad.Conclusiones. En esta investigación se demostró la eficacia de la radiación UV-C bajo condiciones óptimas, irradiación directa y una distancia específica corta (12.7 cm). Sin embargo, cuando es utilizada en condiciones que no son óptimas existen limitaciones. El aumento de la distancia y los ángulos de irradiación indirecta resultaron en tasas de letalidad más bajas. Cabe señalar que durante su uso es importante minimizar la exposición innecesaria de pacientes y personal sanitario.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Byrns
- Salud Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Beverly Barham
- Ciencia de Laboratorio Médico, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Liangcheng Yang
- Salud Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Kathryn Webster
- Ciencia de Laboratorio Médico, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - George Rutherford
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Garrett Steiner
- Salud Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Daniel Petras
- Salud Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Michele Scannell
- Asesor de Control de Riesgos, The Cincinnati Insurance Companies, Chicago, Illinois
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Manthiram K, Preite S, Dedeoglu F, Demir S, Ozen S, Edwards KM, Lapidus S, Katz AE, Feder HM, Lawton M, Licameli GR, Wright PF, Le J, Barron KS, Ombrello AK, Barham B, Romeo T, Jones A, Srinivasalu H, Mudd PA, DeBiasi RL, Gül A, Marshall GS, Jones OY, Chandrasekharappa SC, Stepanovskiy Y, Ferguson PJ, Schwartzberg PL, Remmers EF, Kastner DL. Common genetic susceptibility loci link PFAPA syndrome, Behçet's disease, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14405-14411. [PMID: 32518111 PMCID: PMC7322016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in children. The disease appears to cluster in families, but the pathogenesis is unknown. We queried two European-American cohorts and one Turkish cohort (total n = 231) of individuals with PFAPA for common variants previously associated with two other oropharyngeal ulcerative disorders, Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. In a metaanalysis, we found that a variant upstream of IL12A (rs17753641) is strongly associated with PFAPA (OR 2.13, P = 6 × 10-9). We demonstrated that monocytes from individuals who are heterozygous or homozygous for this risk allele produce significantly higher levels of IL-12p70 upon IFN-γ and LPS stimulation than those from individuals without the risk allele. We also found that variants near STAT4, IL10, and CCR1-CCR3 were significant susceptibility loci for PFAPA, suggesting that the pathogenesis of PFAPA involves abnormal antigen-presenting cell function and T cell activity and polarization, thereby implicating both innate and adaptive immune responses at the oropharyngeal mucosa. Our results illustrate genetic similarities among recurrent aphthous stomatitis, PFAPA, and Behçet's disease, placing these disorders on a common spectrum, with recurrent aphthous stomatitis on the mild end, Behçet's disease on the severe end, and PFAPA intermediate. We propose naming these disorders Behçet's spectrum disorders to highlight their relationship. HLA alleles may be factors that influence phenotypes along this spectrum as we found new class I and II HLA associations for PFAPA distinct from Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Manthiram
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Silvia Preite
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fatma Dedeoglu
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Selcan Demir
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sivia Lapidus
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601
| | - Alexander E Katz
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Henry M Feder
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106
| | - Maranda Lawton
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Greg R Licameli
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter F Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Julie Le
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karyl S Barron
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Beverly Barham
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tina Romeo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anne Jones
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasalu
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Pamela A Mudd
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Roberta L DeBiasi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gary S Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Olcay Y Jones
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | | | - Yuriy Stepanovskiy
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 04112 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Polly J Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Johnson D, Barham B. Infusing CURE Into the Medical Laboratory Science Curriculum. Am J Clin Pathol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz119.000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
One of the challenges for Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) educators in a university-based program can be providing meaningful research experiences for all students. The availability of research positions for undergraduate MLS students in individual research labs is limited or not available, often due to time constraints within the MLS course schedule or other variables in the students’ lives outside of academe.
Methods
This study introduced a CURE (course-based undergraduate research experience) into a junior-level MLS microbiology course, where all students in the junior cohort participated in the same research agenda during the same semester. The objective was to provide equal access and an equitable experience for each MLS student in the cohort. The research question was determined with input from students and instructors and had application within the microbiology course where it was being infused. The study protocol was designed during class time and most tasks were completed in class as well. From a pedagogical perspective, the CURE model is designed around five basic parameters, including (1) use of multiple scientific practices, (2) the outcome is unknown, (3) there is a broader relevance or importance beyond this classroom experience, (4) collaboration is essential among students and instructors, and (5) iteration is built into the process.
Conclusion
We found this CURE resulted in useful data for both students and other outside stakeholders. This differs from basic inquiry models where students participate in the protocol, including interpretation of the data, but the answer or outcomes are already known by the instructors. While the learning curve for students and instructors can be steep when infusing a CURE into an already heavy content course, the rewards of providing equal access and an equitable experience for the entire cohort are well worth the additional time spent preparing for this challenge.
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Ombrello AK, Qin J, Hoffmann PM, Kumar P, Stone D, Jones A, Romeo T, Barham B, Pinto-Patarroyo G, Toro C, Soldatos A, Zhou Q, Deuitch N, Aksentijevich I, Sheldon SL, Kelly S, Man A, Barron K, Hershfield M, Flegel WA, Kastner DL. Treatment Strategies for Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1582-1584. [PMID: 30995379 PMCID: PMC7372950 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1801927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Qin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Parag Kumar
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Deborah Stone
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anne Jones
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tina Romeo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Camilo Toro
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ariane Soldatos
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Qing Zhou
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Ada Man
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Karyl Barron
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Willy A Flegel
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
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Byrns G, Barham B, Yang L, Webster K, Rutherford G, Steiner G, Petras D, Scannell M. The uses and limitations of a hand-held germicidal ultraviolet wand for surface disinfection. J Occup Environ Hyg 2017; 14:749-757. [PMID: 28609247 PMCID: PMC7157946 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1328106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from healthcare associated infections has raised concern that conventional disinfection methods are inadequate and that other adjunct methods such as room fumigation and ultraviolet irradiation may be needed. There is also concern that these alternative methods may pose a risk to workers and patients. OBJECTIVES (1) Determine the efficacy of a germicidal UV-C wand for surface disinfection, (2) evaluate changing relative humidity (RH) and different target distances on bacteria kill rates, and (3) assess potential exposure concerns. METHODS This study investigates whether a hand-held germicidal wand can efficaciously disinfect surfaces treated with either a vegetative or spore forming bacterium and to evaluate the effect of changing environmental conditions such as relative humidity (RH), target position, and target distances on microbial kill rates. RESULTS Kill rate was best at 40-65% RH at a temperature range of 21-24°C. Both high and low RH interfered with the ability of UV-C to kill the vegetative microbe. In the case of the spore forming bacterium, increased surface drying time was the most significant factor increasing kill rate. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates that UV-C was efficacious under optimal conditions, a direct beam exposure, and a short target distance (12.7 cm). However, there are limitations when used in non-optimal conditions. Increased distance and indirect beam angles resulted in lower kill rates. It is also important to minimize unnecessary patient and worker exposure during its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Byrns
- Environmental Health, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Beverly Barham
- Medical Laboratory Science, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Liangcheng Yang
- Environmental Health, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Kathryn Webster
- Medical Laboratory Science, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | | | - Garrett Steiner
- Environmental Health, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Daniel Petras
- Environmental Health, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Michele Scannell
- Risk Control Consultant, The Cincinnati Insurance Companies, Chicago, Illinois
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Barham B, Van Draska M, Webster K. Strategies Used by a University-Based Medical Laboratory Science Program to Identify and Retain Clinical Affiliates. Am J Clin Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/140.suppl1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Balow JE, Ryan JG, Chae JJ, Booty MG, Bulua A, Stone D, Sun HW, Greene J, Barham B, Goldbach-Mansky R, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Microarray-based gene expression profiling in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes defines a disease-related signature and IL-1-responsive transcripts. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 72:1064-70. [PMID: 23223423 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse gene expression patterns and to define a specific gene expression signature in patients with the severe end of the spectrum of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). The molecular consequences of interleukin 1 inhibition were examined by comparing gene expression patterns in 16 CAPS patients before and after treatment with anakinra. METHODS We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 22 CAPS patients with active disease and from 14 healthy children. Transcripts that passed stringent filtering criteria (p values≤false discovery rate 1%) were considered as differentially expressed genes (DEG). A set of DEG was validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and functional studies with primary cells from CAPS patients and healthy controls. We used 17 CAPS and 66 non-CAPS patient samples to create a set of gene expression models that differentiates CAPS patients from controls and from patients with other autoinflammatory conditions. RESULTS Many DEG include transcripts related to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, oxidative stress, cell death, cell adhesion and motility. A set of gene expression-based models comprising the CAPS-specific gene expression signature correctly classified all 17 samples from an independent dataset. This classifier also correctly identified 15 of 16 post-anakinra CAPS samples despite the fact that these CAPS patients were in clinical remission. CONCLUSIONS We identified a gene expression signature that clearly distinguished CAPS patients from controls. A number of DEG were in common with other systemic inflammatory diseases such as systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The CAPS-specific gene expression classifiers also suggest incomplete suppression of inflammation at low doses of anakinra.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Balow
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1820, USA
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Booty MG, Chae JJ, Masters SL, Remmers EF, Barham B, Le JM, Barron KS, Holland SM, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Familial Mediterranean fever with a single MEFV mutation: where is the second hit? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1851-61. [PMID: 19479870 DOI: 10.1002/art.24569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) has traditionally been considered an autosomal-recessive disease; however, it has been observed that a substantial number of patients with clinical FMF possess only 1 demonstrable MEFV mutation. The purpose of this study was to perform an extensive search for a second MEFV mutation in 46 patients diagnosed clinically as having FMF and carrying only 1 high-penetrance FMF mutation. METHODS MEFV and other candidate genes were sequenced by standard capillary electrophoresis. In 10 patients, the entire 15-kb MEFV genomic region was resequenced using hybridization-based chip technology. MEFV gene expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pyrin protein levels were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS A second MEFV mutation was not identified in any of the patients who were screened. Haplotype analysis did not identify a common haplotype that might be associated with the transmission of a second FMF allele. Western blots did not demonstrate a significant difference in pyrin levels between patients with a single mutation and those with a double mutation; however, FMF patients of both types showed higher protein expression as compared with controls and with non-FMF patients with active inflammation. Screening of genes encoding pyrin-interacting proteins identified rare mutations in a small number of patients, suggesting the possibility of digenic inheritance. CONCLUSION Our data underscore the existence of a significant subset of FMF patients who are carriers of only 1 MEFV mutation and demonstrate that complete MEFV sequencing is not likely to yield a second mutation. Screening for the set of the most common mutations and detection of a single mutation appears to be sufficient in the presence of clinical symptoms for the diagnosis of FMF and the initiation of a trial of colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Booty
- Genetics and Genomics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1820, USA
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Woeste L, Barham B. Wake up! Your PDQ is due! Clin Lab Sci 2008; 21:12-14. [PMID: 18335855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori Woeste
- Department of Health Sciences, 332 Felmley Hall Campus Box 5220, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-5220, USA.
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Abstract
"This paper examines the net effects of migration and remittances on income distribution. Potential home earnings of migrants are imputed, as are the earnings of non-migrants in migrant households, in order to construct no-migration counterfactuals to compare with the observed income distribution including remittances. The earnings functions used to impute migrant home earnings are estimated from observations on non-migrants in a selection-corrected estimation framework which incorporates migration choice and labor-force participation decisions. For a sample of households in Bluefields, Nicaragua, migration and remittances increase income inequality when compared with the no-migration counterfactual."
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Barham B, Bartlett J. The "nest"--neurological environment for safe therapeutics. Axone 1997; 19:17-8. [PMID: 9355270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
How to manage neurologically impaired patients is a challenge we all face. Lions Gate Hospital in North Vancouver, B.C. successfully developed a padded environment for confused, restless, and agitated patients. The following article describes how patients are managed without restraints in a safe environment.
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Soares MS, Warnock AC, Barham B, Veatch RM. Pharmacist's obligation to hold confidential patient's intent to commit suicide. Am J Hosp Pharm 1992; 49:864; discussion 864-9. [PMID: 1595724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Soares
- Special Projects Division, American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD 20814
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Frye BA, Barham B. Reaching out to pregnant adolescents. Am J Nurs 1975; 75:1502-4. [PMID: 1041687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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