1
|
Hu W, Koch BEV, Lamers GEM, Forn-Cuní G, Spaink HP. Specificity of the innate immune responses to different classes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1075473. [PMID: 36741407 PMCID: PMC9890051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species causing infectious disease. Here, we characterized a M. avium infection model in zebrafish larvae, and compared it to M. marinum infection, a model of tuberculosis. M. avium bacteria are efficiently phagocytosed and frequently induce granuloma-like structures in zebrafish larvae. Although macrophages can respond to both mycobacterial infections, their migration speed is faster in infections caused by M. marinum. Tlr2 is conservatively involved in most aspects of the defense against both mycobacterial infections. However, Tlr2 has a function in the migration speed of macrophages and neutrophils to infection sites with M. marinum that is not observed with M. avium. Using RNAseq analysis, we found a distinct transcriptome response in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction for M. avium and M. marinum infection. In addition, we found differences in gene expression in metabolic pathways, phagosome formation, matrix remodeling, and apoptosis in response to these mycobacterial infections. In conclusion, we characterized a new M. avium infection model in zebrafish that can be further used in studying pathological mechanisms for NTM-caused diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Brinkmann BW, Koch BEV, Peijnenburg WJGM, Vijver MG. Microbiota-dependent TLR2 signaling reduces silver nanoparticle toxicity to zebrafish larvae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 237:113522. [PMID: 35447474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many host-microbiota interactions depend on the recognition of microbial constituents by toll-like receptors of the host. The impacts of these interactions on host health can shape the hosts response to environmental pollutants such as nanomaterials. Here, we assess the role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling in the protective effects of colonizing microbiota against silver nanoparticle (nAg) toxicity to zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to nAg for two days, from 3 to 5 days post-fertilization. Using an il1ß-reporter line, we first characterized the accumulation and particle-specific inflammatory effects of nAg in the total body and intestinal tissues of the larvae. This showed that silver gradually accumulated in both the total body and intestinal tissues, yet specifically caused particle-specific inflammation on the skin of larvae. Subsequently, we assessed the effects of microbiota-dependent TLR2 signaling on nAg toxicity. This was done by comparing the sensitivity of loss-of-function zebrafish mutants for TLR2, and each of the TLR2-adaptor proteins MyD88 and TIRAP (Mal), under germ-free and microbially-colonized conditions. Irrespective of their genotype, microbially-colonized larvae were less sensitive to nAg than their germ-free siblings, supporting the previously identified protective effect of microbiota against nAg toxicity. Under germ-free conditions, tlr2, myd88 and tirap mutants were equally sensitive to nAg as their wildtype siblings. However, when colonized by microbiota, tlr2 and tirap mutants were more sensitive to nAg than their wildtype siblings. The sensitivity of microbially-colonized myd88 mutants did not differ significantly from that of wildtype siblings. These results indicate that the protective effect of colonizing microbiota against nAg-toxicity to zebrafish larvae involves TIRAP-dependent TLR2 signaling. Overall, this supports the conclusion that host-microbiota interactions affect nanomaterial toxicity to zebrafish larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W Brinkmann
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Environmental Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Animal Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Environmental Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Environmental Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koch BEV, Spaink HP, Meijer AH. A quantitative in vivo assay for craniofacial developmental toxicity of histone deacetylases. Toxicol Lett 2021; 342:20-25. [PMID: 33581288 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many bony features of the face develop from endochondral ossification of preexisting collagen-rich cartilage structures. The proper development of these cartilage structures is essential to the morphological formation of the face. The developmental programs governing the formation of the pre-bone facial cartilages are sensitive to chemical compounds that disturb histone acetylation patterns and chromatin structure. We have taken advantage of this fact to develop a quantitative morphological assay of craniofacial developmental toxicity based on the distortion and deterioration of facial cartilage structures in zebrafish larvae upon exposure to increasing concentrations of several well-described histone deacetylase inhibitors. In this assay, we measure the angle formed by the developing ceratohyal bone as a precise, sensitive and quantitative proxy for the overall developmental status of facial cartilages. Using the well-established developmental toxicant and histone deacetylase-inhibiting compound valproic acid along with 12 structurally related compounds, we demonstrate the applicability of the ceratohyal angle assay to investigate structure-activity relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brinkmann BW, Koch BEV, Spaink HP, Peijnenburg WJGM, Vijver MG. Colonizing microbiota protect zebrafish larvae against silver nanoparticle toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:725-739. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1755469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W. Brinkmann
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bjørn E. V. Koch
- Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Herman P. Spaink
- Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martina G. Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moreira JD, Koch BEV, van Veen S, Walburg KV, Vrieling F, Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães T, Meijer AH, Spaink HP, Ottenhoff THM, Haks MC, Heemskerk MT. Functional Inhibition of Host Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) Enhances in vitro and in vivo Anti-mycobacterial Activity in Human Macrophages and in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 32117228 PMCID: PMC7008710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and persistent increase of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections poses increasing global problems in combatting tuberculosis (TB), prompting for the development of alternative strategies including host-directed therapy (HDT). Since Mtb is an intracellular pathogen with a remarkable ability to manipulate host intracellular signaling pathways to escape from host defense, pharmacological reprogramming of the immune system represents a novel, potentially powerful therapeutic strategy that should be effective also against drug-resistant Mtb. Here, we found that host-pathogen interactions in Mtb-infected primary human macrophages affected host epigenetic features by modifying histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptomic levels. In addition, broad spectrum inhibition of HDACs enhanced the antimicrobial response of both pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ2), while selective inhibition of class IIa HDACs mainly decreased bacterial outgrowth in Mϕ2. Moreover, chemical inhibition of HDAC activity during differentiation polarized macrophages into a more bactericidal phenotype with a concomitant decrease in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, in vivo chemical inhibition of HDAC activity in Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish embryos, a well-characterized animal model for tuberculosis, significantly reduced mycobacterial burden, validating our in vitro findings in primary human macrophages. Collectively, these data identify HDACs as druggable host targets for HDT against intracellular Mtb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jôsimar D Moreira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V Walburg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Vrieling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tânia Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthias T Heemskerk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koch BEV, Hajdamowicz NH, Lagendijk E, Ram AFJ, Meijer AH. Aspergillus fumigatus establishes infection in zebrafish by germination of phagocytized conidia, while Aspergillus niger relies on extracellular germination. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12791. [PMID: 31488879 PMCID: PMC6728357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among opportunistically pathogenic filamentous fungi of the Aspergillus genus, Aspergillus fumigatus stands out as a drastically more prevalent cause of infection than others. Utilizing the zebrafish embryo model, we applied a combination of non-invasive real-time imaging and genetic approaches to compare the infectious development of A. fumigatus with that of the less pathogenic A. niger. We found that both species evoke similar immune cell migratory responses, but A. fumigatus is more efficiently phagocytized than A. niger. Though efficiently phagocytized, A. fumigatus conidia retains the ability to germinate and form hyphae from inside macrophages leading to serious infection even at relatively low infectious burdens. By contrast, A. niger appears to rely on extracellular germination, and rapid hyphal growth to establish infection. Despite these differences in the mechanism of infection between the species, galactofuranose mutant strains of both A. fumigatus and A. niger display attenuated pathogenesis. However, deficiency in this cell wall component has a stronger impact on A. niger, which is dependent on rapid extracellular hyphal growth. In conclusion, we uncover differences in the interaction of the two fungal species with innate immune cells, noticeable from very early stages of infection, which drive a divergence in their route to establishing infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen Lagendijk
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F J Ram
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koch BEV, Yang S, Lamers G, Stougaard J, Spaink HP. Author Correction: Intestinal microbiome adjusts the innate immune setpoint during colonization through negative regulation of MyD88. Nat Commun 2019; 10:526. [PMID: 30692545 PMCID: PMC6349902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Shuxin Yang
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gerda Lamers
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koch BEV, Stougaard J, Spaink HP. Keeping track of the growing number of biological functions of chitin and its interaction partners in biomedical research. Glycobiology 2015; 25:469-82. [PMID: 25595947 PMCID: PMC4373397 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a vital polysaccharide component of protective structures in many eukaryotic organisms but seems absent in vertebrates. Chitin or chitin oligomers are therefore prime candidates for non-self-molecules, which are recognized and degraded by the vertebrate immune system. Despite the absence of polymeric chitin in vertebrates, chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are well conserved in vertebrate species. In many studies, these proteins have been found to be involved in immune regulation and in mediating the degradation of chitinous external protective structures of invading pathogens. Several important aspects of chitin immunostimulation have recently been uncovered, advancing our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms that chitin mediates. Likewise, the last few years have seen large advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and molecular interactions of chitinases and CLPs in relation to immune response regulation. It is becoming increasingly clear that their function in this context is not exclusive to chitin producing pathogens, but includes bacterial infections and cancer signaling as well. Here we provide an overview of the immune signaling properties of chitin and other closely related biomolecules. We also review the latest literature on chitinases and CLPs of the GH18 family. Finally, we examine the existing literature on zebrafish chitinases, and propose the use of zebrafish as a versatile model to complement the existing murine models. This could especially be of benefit to the exploration of the function of chitinases in infectious diseases using high-throughput approaches and pharmaceutical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn E V Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark Leiden University, Institute of Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krusell L, Sato N, Fukuhara I, Koch BEV, Grossmann C, Okamoto S, Oka-Kira E, Otsubo Y, Aubert G, Nakagawa T, Sato S, Tabata S, Duc G, Parniske M, Wang TL, Kawaguchi M, Stougaard J. The Clavata2 genes of pea and Lotus japonicus affect autoregulation of nodulation. Plant J 2011; 65:861-71. [PMID: 21276104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of root nodules developing on legume roots after rhizobial infection is controlled by the plant shoot through autoregulation and mutational inactivation of this mechanism leads to hypernodulation. We have characterised the Pisum sativum (pea) Sym28 locus involved in autoregulation and shown that it encodes a protein similar to the Arabidopsis CLAVATA2 (CLV2) protein. Inactivation of the PsClv2 gene in four independent sym28 mutant alleles, carrying premature stop codons, results in hypernodulation of the root and changes to the shoot architecture. In the reproductive phase sym28 shoots develops additional flowers, the stem fasciates, and the normal phyllotaxis is perturbed. Mutational substitution of an amino acid in one leucine rich repeat of the corresponding Lotus japonicus LjCLV2 protein results in increased nodulation. Similarly, down-regulation of the Lotus Clv2 gene by RNAi mediated reduction of the transcript level also resulted in increased nodulation. Gene expression analysis of LjClv2 and Lotus hypernodulation aberrant root formation Har1 (previously shown to regulate nodule numbers) indicated they have overlapping organ expression patterns. However, we were unable to demonstrate a direct protein-protein interaction between LjCLV2 and LjHAR1 proteins in contrast to the situation between equivalent proteins in Arabidopsis. LjHAR1 was localised to the plasma membrane using a YFP fusion whereas LjCLV2-YFP localised to the endoplasmic reticulum when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. This finding is the most likely explanation for the lack of interaction between these two proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lene Krusell
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|